how do we create a national perspective on r&d...
TRANSCRIPT
METUSolar Energy which is the Ultimate Solution
of Energy Problem of Turkey.How Do We Create a National Perspective on R&D Based
Advanced Technology Manufacturing ?
Raşit TuranGÜNAM
And
Physics Department
METU, Ankara
METUTURKEY’s Energy Consumption
Turkey consumes 125 Mtep (%1 of the world)
Primary energy Electricity Generation
Oil
1,8%
Natural Gas
48,7%
Hydroelectric
16,1%
Imported
Coal
14,6%
Coal
14,5%
Wind
3,3%
Geothermal
0,9%
Other
0,0%
Turkey generates 250 TWh (2014)
90 % is based on fossil fuels 85 % is based on fossil fuels
Renewable … Hydro
7,3%
Coal
28,7%
Oil
26,9%
Natural
Gas
34,9%
METU
Turkish energy import in 2014 :
56 Billion USD
Turkey imports %75 of its
energy
% 25 of electricity is
generated by Russian gas
Energy independence is a
crucial issue
Turkey should rely on its
own energy resources for its
independence
Turkish Energy Comes from
Turkey should rely on a mixture of
Solar, wind, geothermal, coal, hydroelectric,
and perhaps nuclear at the moment.
However,
In the long run,
Solar Energy is the only energy source that
has the potential to supply all energy needs
of Turkey
METUSolution
METU
5
Turkey’ Solar Energy Potential
METULand Area Needed To Generate
The Elecrtricity We Consume Today
6
METUChampions of Solar electricity
7
Percentage of the solar electricity in total consumptionTotal PV capacity in Turkey : 300 MW.
This generates 0.45 TWh/year
Corresponding to
= % 0.15 of the total electricity generation
METUPV is the solution for Turkey
Ankara5.5 c€/kWh
ITRPV report, 2014
Minimum system price in Turkey = 900 €/kWp
Retail electricity price in Ankara 12 c€/kWh
Solar Electricity is not Expensive Anymore
METUSolar electricity :
Is it Becoming the Cheapest Energy?,
ITRPV report, 2014
Recent Price in UAE tender
2.42 c$/kWh
METUPV Technologies
10% 4 % 1,7% 3,6% 55,2% 35,6Market
Share
Areaneeded for
1 kW power
% 1,7
Solar Energy Technologies :
Can We Make them Here Locally ?
METUDevelopment of Different Technologies
11
Market Share of DifferentTechnologies
Share of Thin Films extpected in 2017 : % 7
Investors and other stakeholders must be very carefulabout their investment desicons !
Expectations ?
METU
Requirements For Local Technology
Development and Manufacturing
12
Investment on right time and right technology Support and incentive from the government R&D based manufacturing Good business plan with a wise roadmap
YEKA regulations are ready , tender for Karapınar Project for 1500 MW PV connection to the grid is on the way. This tender will require localproduction with Turkish R&D. This is a good action for the creation of Turkish Brands.
R&D based manufacturing will be necesary for YEKA. It is also necessary tocompete with the far east countires.
Good business plan with a roadmap is already available
Actions being taken
METUCost of PV Cell Production in Turkey
13
It is possible to compete with Chineese cells with R&D based new Technologies !
METUGÜNAM : AN R&D HUB
ON SOLAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
Raşit TuranGÜNAM
And
Physics Department
METU, Ankara
METU
GÜNAM is almost 8 years old
GÜNAM is the most developed and experienced technology
center in East Mediteranean region
Mission : to develop fundamental and applied knowledge
on solar energy conversion for the benefit of the society in
a global context
GÜNAM is being supported by Ministry of Development
Total investment by 2017 will exceed 15 Million USD
http://www.gunam.metu.edu.tr/
GÜNAM : a global R&D center on solar energy
METU
GÜNAM Human Potential
• 11 Faculty members from 6 disciplines
• 7 Engineers
• 3 Technicians
• 70 Ph.D. and M.Sc. students from 6 disciplines
• 3 Administration staff
METU
c-Si Solar Cell Research Lab Thin Film Solar Cell Research Lab
Organic and DSSC Solar Cell
Research Lab (OPV)
Solar Thermal Power Lab. (ODAK)
GÜNAM Laboratories
Nanomaterials Research Laboratory Outdoor Test Platform
METU
GÜNAM’s New Buildings
3500 sqm lab space
500 m2 clean room with various classes
Connected to the new research park of
METU
Close to the METU technology
development region
METU Research Park
METU Research Park ComplexA new pilot line based on c-Si solar cells for
industry-university collaboration
100 – 500 w/h throughput
RENA wet process equipment (500 w/h)
Innolas picosecond laser (1100 w/h)
Baccini screen printing line (1400 w/h)
Diffusion furnaces (500 w/h)
LPCVD for passivated contacts
ALD for PERC cells (100 w/’h)
Under construction (to be completed in 2018)Under construction (to be completed in September 2016)
METU
19
GÜNAM’s Progress
2015 yılı sonu
METUGÜNAM as a Research Hub on
Solar Energy
Researchers from 21
Universities
Projects with 8
companies
European Institutions
EERA
EUPVTP
European Research Centers
Fraunhofer ISE, Germany
ECN of Netehrlands
INES of France
Projects : EU-SOLARIS, CHEETAH
Goverenment and Public Institutions
Media, Non-governmental organization,
outreach
Mageep Partner Universities
A global initiative leed by McDonnell
Academy
METUIntegration to Europe through
projects and networking
Project’s name Researcher Project’s Subject
EU-SOLARISRaşit Turan
Derek BakerSolar Thermal Electricity (CSP)
FOCUS Alpan Bek Material Science for PV
NANODEV Burcu Akata Kurç Solar Energy/Biosensor
CHEETAH Rasit Turan Photovoltaics
GÜNAM is a member of European Energy Research Allience
Low cost , more power
GÜNAM is at the Steering Committee of European Photvoltaic Technology Platform
METUInternational (Non-EU) Project :US –Turkey
Bilateral Project
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!
Energy!Harvesting!and!Storage!for!Sustainable!and!Energy!Efficient!
Buildings!of!the!Future!
!
METU
Participants and Agenda of the project meeting of EAGER, a collaboration project of University of Texas at Austin and Middle
East Technical University
Participants of the EAGER Project Meeting (27-28.01.2014)
Prof. Brian Korgel UT Austin, Chemical Engineering
Prof. Delia Milliron UT Austin, Chemical Engineering
Prof. David Vanden Bout UT Austin, Chemistry
Prof. Michael Baldea UT Austin, Chemical Engineering
Prof. Robert Balog Texas A&M
Prof. Selcuk Yerci MIT and METU
Prof. Raşit Turan METU-GÜNAM, Physics.
Prof. Emrah Unalan METU-GÜNAM, Materials Engineering.
Prof. Derek Baker METU-GÜNAM, Mechanical Engineering
Prof. Mehmet Parlak METU-GÜNAM, Physics.
Prof. Ali Cirpan, METU-GÜNAM, Chemistry.
Graduate Students
Energy Harvesting and Storage for Sustainable Energy Efficient
Buildings of the Future
NSF- TUBITAKFunded project
UoT and METU received funding from NSF and TUBITAK for the collaboration actviities
METU
NPRP 7-299-2-124
SmartPVskin
Robert S. Balog (LPI)Associate ProfessorDirector, Renewable Energy and Advanced Power Electronics Research [email protected]+974 4423-0652
Tech
nic
al
Sta
ff
Middle EastTechnicalUniversity
Omar Ellabban (PI - grid connection)Assistant Research [email protected]+974 4423-0637
Sertac Bayhan (dc-dc)Postdoctoral [email protected]+974 4423-0413
Khalid Ahmad (design, fabrication, testing)Research [email protected]
+974 4423-0407
Robert S. Balog ( PI - morphology)
Lance Alpuerto (morphology)Graduate Research [email protected]
Morcos Metry (controls)QF Research Trainee & TAMU PhD studentQatar Research Leadership [email protected]
Ibrahim Karaman (PI - SMAAS)ProfessorHead and Chevron Professor I, Material Science and [email protected]+1 979 862-3923
Lei Xue (SMAAS)Graduate Research [email protected]
Rasit Turan (PI - thin film flexible PV)ProfessorDirector, Center for Solar Energy Research and Applications (GÜNAM)[email protected]+90 312 210-5069
Zeynep DemriciogluGraduate Research Assistant (PhD student)[email protected]+90 312 210-7651 (Secretary)+90 312 210-4324 (office)
Dr Engin ÖzkolResearch [email protected]+90 312 210-5095
Dr. Hisham NasserResearch [email protected]
International Project (Non-EU)TAMU & TAMUQ funded by Qatar Foundation
Aims to develop PV devices with shape memory allow actuated switches, power electronics, morphology study on non-planar surfaces
METU
Biggest national PV (R&D) project of Turkey...
Aims to develop solar power station based on crystal Si tecnologies developed in TurkeyProject budget 16 Million $ USD
*A TÜBİTAK 1007 Project.
National Project
METU
Title: “Development of National Solar Power Stations forElelctricity Generation”
Project duration: 3 years
Project outputs :
• Demonstration of 10 MW power plant in Urfa Ceylanpınar(South East Turkey)
• Development of c-Si solar cells with at least %18 efficiency(GÜNAM)
• Investment on c-Si based cell technology (BE)• Development of Inverters (MAM)• Development of electronic and control systems (MAM)
Project partners :
METUC-Si Solar Cell Laboratory
• Capable of fabricating mono- and multi-crystalline Si solar cell with industrial size.
• 1000 and 10000 class clean rooms
Assist.Prof Dr.Selçuk Yerci
Prof Dr.Raşit Turan
METUC-Si Solar Cell Fabrication on p-type Si
Mono-Crystal Multi-Crystal
156mm
156mm
Demonsration projects
for different purposes
METUThin C-Si Solar Cell Fabrication
30 mm-thick silicon solar cell
Radius of curvature : 1.75 cm
Assist.Prof Dr.Selçuk Yerci
METU
Standard Multicrystal Solar
Cell
Si multicrystal Solar Cell with Si
nanowires MonocrystallineSolar Cell with Si
nanowires
Standard Moncrystalline
Solar Cell
Light Trapping on c-Si Surface
with Nanowires
• We have shown that large area standard solar can be decorated by Si nanowires to reduce the reflection from the surface. The process is fully compatible with the industrial production
• Solar cells with almost complete black surface can be obtained
Kulakci M, Es F, Unalan E, Turan R, IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, 548 (2013).
METUAn Alternative Route for Texturing Si wafer for Solar Cell Applications : Metal Assisted Etching
Es F, Ciftpinar H, Turan R, accepted by IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics
Effect of increasing HF concentration on morphology on Si surface. a) 2.5% HF, b) 5% HF, c) 10% HF and d) 20% HF at constant HNO3 and AgNO3 concentrations and 30 minutes of etching
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Pyramid Tex
Nano Tex
J (
mA
/cm
2)
Voltage (mV)
Voc : 597 / 602 mV
Jsc : 36.35 / 36.07 mA/cm2
FF : 77.5 / 78.03 %
Eff : 16.81 / 16.94 %
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
0
10
20
30
ISO tex
Nano tex
J (
mA
/cm
2)
Voltage (mV)
Voc : 588 / 592 mV
Jsc : 32.61 / 30.90 mA/cm2
FF : 74.5 / 75.9 %
Eff : 14.28 / 13.88 %
MONO
MULTI
METU
CCP(intrinsic)
CCP(n-type)
CCP(p-type)
SPUTTER(Ag & AZO)
ICP
CLUSTER PECVD SYSTEM
Thin Film Silicon Solar Cell Research Laboratory
METU
Solar Cells Produced by the Cluster
PECVD System
Voc (mV) Jsc (mA/cm2) FF (%) η (%)
583 33.6 69.5 15.9
Thin film a-Si p-i-n solar cell on glass substrate
a-Si/c-Si hetrojunction solar cell
METUA grid connected experimental 3.6 kW power system with different tecnologies on the roof
of the GÜNAM building.
A I-V curve tracer with 16 channels. Continous monitoring of I-V curves and extraction
performance parameters of 16 different systems
Outdoor Test Facility at GÜNAM in Ankara
METUOrganic Solar Cells Laboratory
Organic Solar Cells /Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Construction and Characterization Systems
34
Prof. Dr. Levent ToppareAsisst. Prof. Prof. Dr. Ali Çırpan
METU
ITO nanotellerin BDGG gözelerin verimine etkisi
ITO nanowires
ConcentrationITO nanowires
Efficiency of
DSSC
0 3.60
1 4.10
3 4.20
5 4.30
10 3.20
Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) Laboratory
Prof. Dr. Macit Özenbaş
METUConcentrated Solar Power (CSP)
Picture of the CSP system at METU-NCC
In CSP systems the solar radiation is focused
onto a steam generator.
Electricity is produced using steam driven
turbines..
GÜNAM CSP group is working on modeling
and monitoring the CSP systems.
It is also working on the experimental CSP
system installed on METU Northern Cyprus
Campus.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Derek Baker
Mechanical Engineering
Department
36
GÜNAM is participating in FP7 Project
METUCdTe/CdS and CIGS Solar Cell Laboratory
Oldest research topic at MEtU.
H. Bayhan, C. Erecelebi Semicond. Sci. Technol. 12 (1997) 600–608. Printed in the UK
Prof. Dr. Mehmet Parlak Prof. Dr. Çiğdem Erçelebi
METUNanomaterials for Solar Cells
METU Logo formed by nanowires
Standard Multicrystal
Solar Cell
Si multicrystal Solar Cell with Si
nanowires
Monocrystalline Solar Cell with Si
nanowires
Standard Moncrystalline
Solar Cell
I-V curves of nanowire solar cells, showing th photovoltaic effect
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Emrah Ünalan
METU
GÜNAM PV Test
Laboratories
Solar simulator
Raman spectrometer
Spectroscopic Elipsiometer
METU
Carrier Life Time Tester
Thin Film Thickness Measurement
Thermal Camera and Elektroluminesence
GÜNAM PV Test Laboratories
METUThank you for your attention
METU