How Do Natural Forces Change &

Shape Our Planet?

LAYERS OF OUR PLANET

PHYSICAL LAYERS LITHOSPHERE (SOLID) ASTHENOSPHERE (LIQUID) MESOSPHERE (SOLID) OUTER CORE (LIQUID) INNER CORE (SOLID) CHEMICAL LAYERS CRUST (Si + O) MANTLE (Si) CORE (Fe +Ni)

WHAT IS CONTINENTAL DRIFT?

ALL LANDMASSES WERE ONCE ONE LARGE SUPERCONTINENT CALLED PANGEA

HYPOTHESIZED BY ALFRED WEGENER IN 1915

PROOF OF CONTINENTAL DRIFT

CONTINENTS FIT LIKE PUZZLE PIECES ROCK EVIDENCE FOSSIL EVIDENCE CLIMATIC EVIDENCE

WAS WEGENER’S HYPOTHESIS ACCEPTED?

HOW DO THE CONTINENTS MOVE?

WEGENER PROPOSED THE EARTH’S ROTATION

HOW COME THE OCEAN BASINS AREN’T WORN DOWN BUT THE CONTINENTS ARE?

HOW PLATE TECTONICS TIES IT ALL TOGETHER

WHERE CAN WE FIND EARTHQUAKES &

VOLCANOS?

WHAT IS THE ROCK CYCLE?

WHAT ARE MINERALS?

All minerals are solids All minerals are inorganic All minerals are naturally made All minerals have crystalline structures All minerals have a definite chemical composition

WHAT IS WEATHERING? Physical: breaking

down of rock (rock stays same)

Temperature Ice Plants & animals Water

Chemical: breaking down of rock (rock changes)

Oxidation Plants Carbonation Acids Water

WHAT IS EROSION?

Picking up of rock and moving WATER WIND ICE/GLACIERS GRAVITY

WHAT IS DEPOSITION? Depositing of rocks

How is Soil Created? Soil production involves a dynamic interaction

among mineral particles, detritus and members of the detritus food web

Soil Profiles

Soil Texture Refers to the relative

proportions of sand, silt and clay.

Particle size and density determine properties such as porosity (how much water soil can hold) and permeability (how fast water travels through the soil).