how do all these boundaries work together? pacific northwest and southwest british columbia
TRANSCRIPT
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HOW DO ALL THESEBOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER?PACIFIC NORTHWEST ANDSOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA
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HOW DO ALL THESEBOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER?PACIFIC NORTHWEST ANDSOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA
North American Plate Movement
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HOW DO ALL THESEBOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER?PACIFIC NORTHWEST ANDSOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA
Pacific Plate MovementAnd Mendico Fault (SanAndreas extension)
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HOW DO ALL THESEBOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER?PACIFIC NORTHWEST ANDSOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA
SMALL “MID-OCEAN”RIDGES DIVERGENT
GORDA RIDGE
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HOW DO ALL THESEBOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER?PACIFIC NORTHWEST ANDSOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA
SMALL “MID-OCEAN”RIDGES DIVERGENT
JUAN DE FUCA RIDGE
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HOW DO ALL THESEBOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER?PACIFIC NORTHWEST ANDSOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA
SMALL “MID-OCEAN”RIDGES DIVERGENT
EXPLORER RIDGE
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HOW DO ALL THESEBOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER?PACIFIC NORTHWEST ANDSOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA
SEAFLOOR SPREADING ANDTRANSFORM FAULT
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HOW DO ALL THESEBOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER?PACIFIC NORTHWEST ANDSOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA
SEAFLOOR SPREADING ANDTRANSFORM FAULT
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HOW DO ALL THESEBOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER?PACIFIC NORTHWEST ANDSOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA
SEAFLOOR SPREADING ANDTRANSFORM FAULT
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HOW DO ALL THESEBOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER?PACIFIC NORTHWEST ANDSOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA
North American Plate (black and white) CONVERGING (white dashes) with Juan de Fuca Plate (blue and yellow).
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Seismic data from EarthScope's Transportable Array sharpened existing imaging (left) so that colder (blue) and hotter (red) features in the mantle stand out (right).
R A Kerr Science 2013;340:1283-1285
Published by AAAS
Western US at a Depth of 90 km
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PACIFIC NORTHWESTCASCADEMOUNTAI
N
CASCADE MOUNTAINS
PUGET- WILLAMETTE
LOWLANDS
OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS
COAST RANGE
NORTH AMERICAN PLATE
JUAN DE FUCA PLATE
PACIFICOCEAN
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PACIFIC NORTHWESTCASCADEMOUNTAI
N
CASCADE MOUNTAINS
PUGET- WILLAMETTE
LOWLANDS
OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS
COAST RANGE
NORTH AMERICAN PLATE
JUAN DE FUCA PLATE
PACIFICOCEAN
HOT LIQUID HOTCOOL SOLID
90
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Cross sections of northwestern United States at 60, 50, 40, and 0 Ma
Schmandt B , and Humphreys E Geology 2011;39:175-178
©2011 by Geological Society of America
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NORTH AMERICAN PLATE
JUAN DE FUCA PLATE
PLATES LOCKIN PLACE
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BETWEEN EARTHQUAKES
NORTH AMERICAN PLATE
JUAN DE FUCA PLATE
CONVERGENCE CAUSESUPWARD BUCKLING OF
COASTAL AREAS
Energy stored as in a bent cane.
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DURING ERTHQUAKES
NORTH AMERICAN PLATE
JUAN DE FUCA PLATE
PLATES UNLOCK
Energy in earthquakeand tsunami
Coastlinesubsides
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BETWEEN EARTHQUAKES
NORTH AMERICAN PLATE
JUAN DE FUCA PLATE
Plates lock back togetherAfter release of energy by
earthquake
Coastline slowlyRe-emerges.
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Source: Rhodes, Tuttle, Horton, Doner, Kelsey, Nelson and Cisternas, EOS, 87, May 2006.
Tsunami Deposits, SouthernChile. Dark bands are organicsoils, lighter greys are marinesands deposited by tsunamis.
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TSUNAMI MARCH 2011
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Displacement duringEarthquake March 2011.
Source: Simons et al., 2011 Science Express
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PUEGET SOUND
3,500BPTidal Marsh
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PUEGET SOUND
3,300BPEarthquake
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PUEGET SOUND
3,200 BPEmergence
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PUEGET SOUND
3,000 BPForestedUpland
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PUEGET SOUND
3,000 BPEarthquakeSubmersion
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PUEGET SOUND
2,700 BPEarthquakeSubmergence
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PUEGET SOUND
400EmergenceForest
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PUEGET SOUND
400EarthquakeSubmersion
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PUEGET SOUND
700Emergence
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PUEGET SOUND
700EarthquakeSubmersion
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PUEGET SOUND
900Emergence
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PUEGET SOUND
900Earthquake
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PUEGET SOUND
1700EmergenceForestedUplands
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PUEGET SOUND
1700EarthquakeSubmersion
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Simulation of 1700 Earthquake and Tsunami
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PUEGET SOUND
2000Emergence
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PUEGET SOUND
AVERAGE LENGTH OF TIME BETWEEN EARTHQUAKES 300 yrs
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PUEGET SOUND
AVERAGE LENGTH OF TIME BETWEEN EARTHQUAKES 300 yrs
1700 ?
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SUBSTUTUTE DEPTH FOR TIMETIME
TIM
E
DEP
TH
1700
1700
900700 900700
3300BP 3000BP
3300BP
3000BP
Present