how different pruning intensities and severities mango trees
TRANSCRIPT
XII
INTERNATIONAL
MANGO
SYMPOSIUM
How different pruning intensities and severities affect vegetative growth processes in “Cogshall”
mango trees
S. Persello1, I. Grechi1, F. Boudon2 and F. Normand1
1 CIRAD, UPR HortSys, Réunion Island2 UMR AGAP & INRIA Virtual Plants team, Montpellier
introduction Material and methods results discussion
control the size of the tree(Davenport, 2006)
improve yield and fruit quality(Reddy and Kurian 2011)
improve light
Interception(Menzel and Le Lagadec, 2016)
The interests of pruning
Pruning = an important management of trees:
1
introduction Material and methods results discussion
Aims of the study
Pruning leads to a strong regrowth of
the canopy
Vegetative growth affects flowering
and fruiting(Capelli et al., 2016)
flowering
fruiting
Vegetative growth
Vegetative rest
Characterize the direct effect of pruning on vegetative growth to
better understand the indirect impact on the yield
Characterize the direct effect of pruning on vegetative growth to
better understand the indirect impact on the yield
2
introduction Material and methods results discussion
Aims of the study
Characterize the effects of pruning on
vegetative growth
3
• How pruning stimulates vegetative
growth? More GUs? More burst GUs?
• Where and when vegetative growth
is stimulated?
Characterize the pruning
• At the tree scale: amount of removed
fresh matter
• At the axis scale: depth of pruning
Decouple the 2 factors
To decompose vegetative growth in
elementary processes
To decompose vegetative growth in
elementary processes
introduction Material and methods results discussion
Botanical recalls
Mango tree = succession of growth units
Growth Unit (GU): portion of the axis developed during an uninterrupted period of
growth (Hallé and Martin, 1968)
It exists kindship links between GUs:
- mother GUs produce one or several daughter GUs
Mother GU
Mother GU
Daughter GUs
Daughter GUs
- Growth level: GUs at the same distance from the tip
Growth level
4
introduction Material and methods results discussion
Cultivar: ‘Cogshall’
Characteristics of the trees of the experiment
Location: Reunion island – southern
hemisphere
5
introduction Material and methods results discussion
Cultivar: ‘Cogshall’
Characteristics of the trees of the experiment
Location: Reunion island – southern
hemisphere
pruning
fruiting Vegetative growth Vegetative
rest
flowering
Date of pruning: after the harvest
Age of trees: 13 years
Non-productive trees in the previous cycle
5
introduction Material and methods results discussion
0
0
0
0
0
0
n1: one growth
level removed
n2: two growth
levels removedn3: three growth
levels removed
Axis scale = pruning severity: pruning depth in term of number of
growth levels pruned
Studied factors
GU 1
GU 1
GU 2
GU 1
GU 2
GU 3
6
introduction Material and methods results discussion
Tree scale = pruning intensity: amount of removed fresh matter
Control trees
(unpruned):T0Iight pruning
T1
Moderate pruning
T2
Intense pruning
T3
Removed
fresh
matter
(kg/m3)
0.00±0.00 0.14±0.03 0.30±0.06 0.51±0.06
Studied factors
Corresponds to
growers’ pruning
7
0 n1
0 n2
0 n3
30 n1
30 n2
30 n3
130 n1
130 n2
130 n3
240 n1
240 n2
240 n3
introduction Material and methods results discussion
Data acquisition
4 trees per modality of
pruning intensity
T0
T1
T2
T3
30 unpruned GUs
30 pruned GUs
10 n1
10 n2
10 n3
Stage C
Monitoring (once a week):
Number of
daughter GUsBurst date
8
Effect of pruning Effect of pruning
at distance?
introduction Material and methods results discussion
Number of
daughter GUs
per GU
no
yes
Vegetative
burst
Data analyses
At GU scale:
d1
d2
d3
Mixture of Poisson distribution
(Leisch, 2004)
Binomial
GLM
GLM
Poisson
regression
Threshold probability: 0.01
Response
time
9
Pru
ne
dG
Us
Pru
ne
dG
Us
introduction Material and methods results discussion
Effect of pruning on burst rate
Pruning intensity
(p<<0.001)
10
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
bb
a
Light
T1
Moderate
T2
Intense
T3
Bu
rst
rate
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
bba
a
Bu
rst
rate
One level
n1
Two levels
n2Three levels
n3
Pruning severity
(p<<0.001)
0
0
0
un
pru
ne
dG
Us
un
pru
ne
dG
Us
introduction Material and methods results discussion
Effect of pruning on burst rate 11
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
b
b
a
Pruning intensity
(p<<0.001)
Light
T1
Moderate
T2
Intense
T3
Bu
rst
rate
introduction Material and methods results discussion
Effect of pruning on burst rate
Comparison between pruned and unpruned GUs
(p<<0.001)
pruned unprunedintensity
burs
t rat
e0.
00.
20.
40.
60.
81.
0
a
b
12
introduction Material and methods results discussion
no
yes
Vegetative
burst
summary
Local effect (pruned GUs): distant effect (unpruned GUs):
• Intensity:
T3 > T1,T2
Local (pruned) > distant (unpruned)
• Intensity: T3 > T1,T2
• Severity: n3 > n1
13
Number of
daughter GUs
per GU
Pru
ne
dG
Us
Pru
ne
dG
Us
introduction Material and methods results discussion
Effect of pruning on number of daughter GUs
Pruning intensity
P=0.23
No effect of pruning intensity
Intensity Number of daughter GUs
per GU
T1 3.4
T2 3.1
T3 3.4
Pruning severity
(p<<0.001)
Severity Number of daughter GUs
per GU
n1 2.9 b
n2 2.7 b
n3 4.1 a
14
0
0
0
un
pru
ne
dG
Us
un
pru
ne
dG
Us
introduction Material and methods results discussion
Intensity Number of daughter GUs
per GU
T1 1.6
T2 1.2
T3 1.3
Effect of pruning on number of daughter GUs
Pruning intensity
P=0.02
No effect of pruning intensity
15
introduction Material and methods results discussion
Effect of pruning on number of daughter GUs
pruned unpruned
01
23
4
a
b
Comparison between pruned and unpruned GUs
(p<<0.001)
Ave
rag
e n
um
be
r o
f d
au
gh
ter
GU
s
16
introduction Material and methods results discussion
Number of
daughter GUs
per GU
yes
Vegetative
burstno
Effect of pruning on number of daughter GUs
distant effect (unpruned GUs):Local effect (pruned GUs):
• Intensity: no effect
• Severity: n3 > n2,n1
Pruned GUs > Unpruned GUs
17
Response
time
• Intensity: T3 > T1,T2
• Severity: n3 > n1
• Intensity:
no effect
• Intensity:
T3 > T1,T2
Pru
ne
dG
Us
Pru
ne
dG
Us
introduction Material and methods results discussion
Effect of pruning on vegetative growth timing
Pruning intensity
18
Light pruning
T1
Moderate pruning
T2
Intense pruning
T3
48 days
55 days
22 days
30 days
32 days
Pru
ne
dG
Us
Pru
ne
dG
Us
Effect of pruning on vegetative growth timing
Pruning severity
introduction Material and methods results discussion
19
Light pruning
T1
T1-n1
days since pruning0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700.
000.
100.
20
One growth level
removed: n1 T1-n2
days since pruning0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
0.00
0.10
0.20
Two growth levels
removed: n2 T1-n3
days since pruning0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700.
000.
100.
20
Three growth
levels removed: n3
de
nsi
ty0
0
0
Pru
ne
dG
Us
Pru
ne
dG
Us
Effect of pruning on vegetative growth timing
T2-n1
days since pruning
Den
sity
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
T2-n2
days since pruning
Den
sity
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
T2-n3
days since pruning
Den
sity
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
introduction Material and methods results discussion
20
Moderate pruning
T2
One growth level
removed: n1
Two growth levels
removed: n2
Three growth levels
removed: n3
Pruning severity0
0
0
Pru
ne
dG
Us
Pru
ne
dG
Us
Effect of pruning on vegetative growth timing
introduction Material and methods results discussion
21
T3-n1
days since pruning
Den
sity
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
T3-n2
days since pruning
Den
sity
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
T3-n3
days since pruning
Den
sity
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
One growth level
removed: n3
Two growth levels
removed: n2
Three growth levels
removed: n3
Intense pruning
T3
Pruning severity0
0
0
Effect of pruning on vegetative growth timing
un
pru
ne
dG
Us
un
pru
ne
dG
Us
48 days
43 days
37 days
introduction Material and methods results discussion
Pruning intensity
22
Light pruning
T1
Moderate pruning
T2
Intense pruning
T3
Effect of pruning on vegetative growth timing
introduction Material and methods results discussion
Comparison between pruned and unpruned GUs
23
0 20 40 60 80
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
λ1= 22.5 days
λ2= 47.7 days
prunedunpruned
λ= 47.6 days
0 20 40 60 80
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
λ1= 29.9 days
λ2= 54.9 days
λ= 42.6 days
0 20 40 60 80
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
λ= 32.5 days
λ= 36.6 days
de
nsi
ty
Days after pruning
Light pruning
T1
Moderate pruning
T2
intense pruning
T3
Days after pruning
de
nsi
ty
Days after pruning
de
nsi
ty
Pruned GUs
Unpruned GUs
Number of
daughter Gus
per GU
yes
Vegetative
burstno
Effect of pruning on vegetative growth timing
introduction Material and methods results discussion
distant effect (unpruned GUs):Local effect (pruned GUs):
24
Response
time
• Intensity: number/date
of flushes
Severity: number/date
of flushes for T1
• Intensity:
date of flush
advanced
• Intensity: no effect
• Severity: n3 > n2,n1
• Intensity:
no effect
• Intensity:
T3 > T1,T2 • Intensity: T3 > T1,T2
• Severity: n3 > n1
Discussion and perspectives
Pruning stimulates vegetative growth locally and at
distance (Fumey et al., 2011)
Study the impact of vegetative growth on flowering
and yield
positive relationship between yield and leaf
area per tree (Davie and Stassen, 1997)
An important regrowth can delay or prevent
flowering (Menzel and Lagadec, 2016)
25
Synchronization of vegetative growth
perspectives:
no
yes
Vegetative
burst
Response
time
Number of
daughter Gus
per GU
introduction Material and methods results discussion
How pruning stimulates vegetative growthIncrease burst rate (intensity and severity pruning)
increase number of daughter GUs (severity pruning)
Where vegetative growth is stimulated?
When vegetative growth is stimulated?
Discussion and perspectives 26
Model of growth and development of mango tree(Boudon et al., 2016)
Integration of the effect of pruning
Possibility to simulate an unpruned tree during several cycles of production
introduction Material and methods results discussion
• To Integrate all the knowledges
• To make predictions
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INTERNATIONAL
MANGO
SYMPOSIUM
Thank you for your attention
Acknowledgments
This work has been partly carried out as part of the Cirad DPP COSAQagronomical research program (activity 2016-2018) funded by a grant fromEuropean Community (FEDER working program), the Regional Council ofRéunion Island and CIRAD and the ECOVERGER project funded by ONEMAwithin the call APR "Résistance et pesticides" managed by the MEDDEFrench ministry.