Brain Computer Interface

Developed by: Poriya Biren

BCA 2nd Sam Harivandana Collage

INDEX What is BCI ?

History of BCI…

How brain interface works?

BCI input-output...

BCI Application…

BCI research…

Advantages of BCI…

Future developments

What is BCI ?

What is BCI?

•A brain-computer-interface, or BCI, is a communication system in which your brain does not use nerves to give orders to your body or to the world outside. "A BCI provides its user with an alternative method for acting on the world".

• Jonathan Wolpaw

•Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a collaboration between a brain and a device that enables signals from the brain to direct some external activity, such as control of a cursor or a prosthetic limb. The interface enables a direct communications pathway between the brain and the object to be controlled. In the case of cursor control.

• General Definition

Brain computer Device

History of BCI…

History of BCI…•Research on BCIs began in the 1970 s at the University of California Los Angeles(UCLA) under a grant from the National Science Foundation, followed by a contract from DARPA.

•The papers published after this research also mark the first appearance of the expression brain–computer interface in scientific literature.

•DARPA stands for ”Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency”

•Sept. 1999, the BCI research team had developed a single-position, brain-controlled switch that responds to specific patterns detected in spatiotemporal electroencephalograms (EEG) measured from the human scalp.

How Brain computer interface works?

•How Brain computer interface works:

•BCI is a direct communication pathway between a brain and an external device.

How BCI work Video Introduction:

BCI Works on EEG technology

What is EEG?•EEG means “Electroencephalography”

•the recording of electrical activity along the scalp produced by the firing of neurons within the brain.

Neuron

neuron

Neuron

•Neurons Means

•Neurons are specialized to transmit information throughout the body.

•several different types of neurons responsible for different tasks in the human body.

•Our mind produce various waves, Scientists can detect those signals, interpret what they mean and use them to direct a device of some kind.

•Waves Images:

Delta wave

Theta wave

Alpha wave

Beta wave

Brain waves

Type Frequency (Hz) Location Normally

Delta up to 4

frontally in adults, posteriorly in children; high amplitude waves

•adults slow wave sleep•in babies

Theta 4 – 7 Hz - - - - - - -

•young children •drowsiness or arousal in older children and adults •idling

Alpha 8 – 12 Hz

posterior regions of head, both sides, higher in amplitude on dominant side. Central sites (c3-c4) at rest .

•relaxed/reflecting •closing the eyes

Beta 12 – 30 Hz

both sides, symmetrical distribution, most evident frontally; low amplitude waves

•alert/working •active, busy or anxious thinking, active concentration

•Delta is the frequency range up to 4 Hz. It tends to be the highest in amplitude and the slowest waves. It is seen normally in adults in slow wave sleep. It is also seen normally in babies.

•Theta is the frequency range from 4 Hz to 7 Hz. Theta is seen normally in young children. It may be seen in drowsiness or arousal in older children and adults; it can also be seen in meditation.

•Alpha is the frequency range from 8 Hz to 12 Hz. Hans Berger named the first rhythmic EEG activity he saw, the "alpha wave." This is activity in the 8–12 Hz range seen in the posterior regions of the head on both sides, being higher in amplitude on the dominant side. It is brought out by closing the eyes and by relaxation.

•Beta is the frequency range from 12 Hz to about 30 Hz. It is seen usually on both sides in symmetrical distribution and is most evident frontally. Beta activity is closely linked to motor behavior and is generally attenuated during active movements.[

BCI input-output...

BCI input-output:•Input from the user And output from the computer or other device made possible by BCI devices through waves.

•We can understand it by taking one image example:

BCI Applications

:

BCI Applications:

•BCI Devices have the ability to control a video game by thought. If you think a remote control is convenient, imagine changing channels with your mind.By using BCI Devices.

This Image shows Robotic Hand With using BCI

technology

This Image Shows Artificial Eye by using BCI

technology

BCI Applications:

This Image Shows BCI Device which is use for play Games by Brain

BCI applications:

Honda’s Brain Machine interface controlling robots by thoughts.

This is The BCI ear chip

BCI research…

Animal BCI research

•Several laboratories have managed to record signals from monkey and rat cerebral cortices in order to operate BCIs to carry out movement.

•Monkeys have navigated computer cursors on screen and commanded robotic arms to perform simple tasks simply by thinking about the task and without any motor output.

• In May 2008 photographs that showed a monkey operating a robotic arm with its mind at the Pittsburgh University Medical Center were published in a number of well known science journals and magazines.

Human Bci Research

The First Jens Neumann, a man with acquired blindness, being interviewed about his vision BCI on CBS's The Early ShowIn vision science, direct brain implants have been used to treat non-congenital (acquired) blindness. One of the first scientists to come up with a working brain interface to restore sight was private researcher William Dobelle.

Advantages of BCI…

Advantages of BCI:•With the use of BCI device:

• A hearing impaired person can hear sound..

• A blind person can see everything…

• A person can play games by his/her brain waves…

• A person who don’t have hand or leg can do the work by robotic hand or leg…

• For lie detecting test…

Future Developmen

t

Future developments

Early BCI: signal splicing into human sensory nerve pathways, most importantly

the visual nerve.

Mid-term BCI: more direct links into the brain with the ability to read certain

thoughts and copy a wide range of data and information into various parts of the brain.

Final BCI:

direct control over the activities of all individual neurons by means of nanorobots. Arbitrary read/write access to the whole brain. The line between the mind and the computer is blurred. Partial or full uploading is possible and inevitable.

Thank you,For giving me your valuable

time and I hope that my project is informative to you

all.

Special thanks:

Mr. Ghanshyambhai poriya,M.D.

Tech. Xperts info. Tech.Rajkot.

Mr. Rajeevbhai vyas, Tech. xperts info. Tech.

Rajkot.