how are chromosomes put together? how do new cells get their chromosomes? how do new organisms get...

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• How are chromosomes put together? • How do new cells get their chromosomes? • How do new organisms get their chromosomes? • Compare and contrast these two processes.

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Page 1: How are chromosomes put together? How do new cells get their chromosomes? How do new organisms get their chromosomes? Compare and contrast these two processes

• How are chromosomes put together?

• How do new cells get their chromosomes?

• How do new organisms get their chromosomes?

• Compare and contrast these two processes.

Page 2: How are chromosomes put together? How do new cells get their chromosomes? How do new organisms get their chromosomes? Compare and contrast these two processes

How are chromosomes put together?

Page 3: How are chromosomes put together? How do new cells get their chromosomes? How do new organisms get their chromosomes? Compare and contrast these two processes

The packaging of CHROMOSOMES! (protein and DNA)

Page 4: How are chromosomes put together? How do new cells get their chromosomes? How do new organisms get their chromosomes? Compare and contrast these two processes
Page 6: How are chromosomes put together? How do new cells get their chromosomes? How do new organisms get their chromosomes? Compare and contrast these two processes

HUMAN DNA AND ITS PACKAGING IN HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES

MOM

DAD

Page 7: How are chromosomes put together? How do new cells get their chromosomes? How do new organisms get their chromosomes? Compare and contrast these two processes

How do new cells get their chromosomes?

MITOSIS

Page 8: How are chromosomes put together? How do new cells get their chromosomes? How do new organisms get their chromosomes? Compare and contrast these two processes

INTERPHASE

Page 9: How are chromosomes put together? How do new cells get their chromosomes? How do new organisms get their chromosomes? Compare and contrast these two processes

EARLY PROPHASE: condensation

Page 10: How are chromosomes put together? How do new cells get their chromosomes? How do new organisms get their chromosomes? Compare and contrast these two processes

PROPHASE: Mitosis begins

Page 11: How are chromosomes put together? How do new cells get their chromosomes? How do new organisms get their chromosomes? Compare and contrast these two processes

METAPHASE: Alignment of the chromosomes

Page 12: How are chromosomes put together? How do new cells get their chromosomes? How do new organisms get their chromosomes? Compare and contrast these two processes

ANAPHASE: Separation of the chromatids

Page 13: How are chromosomes put together? How do new cells get their chromosomes? How do new organisms get their chromosomes? Compare and contrast these two processes

TELOPHASE: Re-formation of the nuclei and CYTOKINESIS

Page 14: How are chromosomes put together? How do new cells get their chromosomes? How do new organisms get their chromosomes? Compare and contrast these two processes

RESULT: TWO NEW DAUGHTER CELLS WITH IDENTICAL SET OF CHROMOSOMES OF PARENT CELL

Page 15: How are chromosomes put together? How do new cells get their chromosomes? How do new organisms get their chromosomes? Compare and contrast these two processes

MITOSIS

6

6 6

Page 16: How are chromosomes put together? How do new cells get their chromosomes? How do new organisms get their chromosomes? Compare and contrast these two processes

34

78

94

646

18

Very accurate copies of chromosomes!

Page 17: How are chromosomes put together? How do new cells get their chromosomes? How do new organisms get their chromosomes? Compare and contrast these two processes

How do new organisms get their chromosomes?

Page 18: How are chromosomes put together? How do new cells get their chromosomes? How do new organisms get their chromosomes? Compare and contrast these two processes

INTERPHASE (future egg or sperm)

MIEOSIS

Page 19: How are chromosomes put together? How do new cells get their chromosomes? How do new organisms get their chromosomes? Compare and contrast these two processes

FIRST PROPHASE

Exchange of segments

Page 20: How are chromosomes put together? How do new cells get their chromosomes? How do new organisms get their chromosomes? Compare and contrast these two processes

FIRST METAPHASE

Page 21: How are chromosomes put together? How do new cells get their chromosomes? How do new organisms get their chromosomes? Compare and contrast these two processes

FIRST ANAPHASE

Page 22: How are chromosomes put together? How do new cells get their chromosomes? How do new organisms get their chromosomes? Compare and contrast these two processes

FIRST TELOPHASE AND FIRST DIVISION

Page 23: How are chromosomes put together? How do new cells get their chromosomes? How do new organisms get their chromosomes? Compare and contrast these two processes

SECOND INTERPHASE

Page 24: How are chromosomes put together? How do new cells get their chromosomes? How do new organisms get their chromosomes? Compare and contrast these two processes

SECOND PROPHASE

Page 25: How are chromosomes put together? How do new cells get their chromosomes? How do new organisms get their chromosomes? Compare and contrast these two processes

SECOND METAPHASE: perpendicular axis

Page 26: How are chromosomes put together? How do new cells get their chromosomes? How do new organisms get their chromosomes? Compare and contrast these two processes

SECOND ANAPHASE

Page 27: How are chromosomes put together? How do new cells get their chromosomes? How do new organisms get their chromosomes? Compare and contrast these two processes

SECOND TELOPHASE

Page 28: How are chromosomes put together? How do new cells get their chromosomes? How do new organisms get their chromosomes? Compare and contrast these two processes

RESULT: FOUR NEW UNIQUE DAUGHTER CELLS EACH WITH HALF THE CHROMOSOMES OF THE ORIGINAL CELL

Page 29: How are chromosomes put together? How do new cells get their chromosomes? How do new organisms get their chromosomes? Compare and contrast these two processes

NOTE THAT WHICH COPY OF EACH CHROMOSOME GOES TO WHICH CELL IS COMPLETELY RANDOM

Page 30: How are chromosomes put together? How do new cells get their chromosomes? How do new organisms get their chromosomes? Compare and contrast these two processes

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Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis

• Number of divisions

Page 31: How are chromosomes put together? How do new cells get their chromosomes? How do new organisms get their chromosomes? Compare and contrast these two processes

PROPHASE

METAPHASE

mitosis meiosis

Page 32: How are chromosomes put together? How do new cells get their chromosomes? How do new organisms get their chromosomes? Compare and contrast these two processes

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66

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Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis • Number of divisions • Number of chromosomes in daughter cells• Genetic identity of daughter cells• Where they occur

Page 33: How are chromosomes put together? How do new cells get their chromosomes? How do new organisms get their chromosomes? Compare and contrast these two processes

• miTosis = each daughter cells get TWO complete sets of chromosomes

• meiOsis = each daughter cells get ONE complete set of chromosomes