how? and why? - ukuug.org filemigration to gigabit ethe how? and why? stuart mcrobert networked...
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Migration to Gigabit Ethe
How? and Why?
Stuart M
cRobert
Netw
orked System
s Architect
Imperial C
ollege, London
sm@
doc.ic.ac.uk
' Copyrig
ht 1998, 1999 Stuart M
cRobert. A
ll Rights R
eserved. All tradem
arks acknowledged
Som
e figures and material kindly provided by E
xtreme N
etworks in the U
K, used w
ith their permission
1 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet — H
ow? and W
hy?U
KU
UG
Winter C
onference, 13-14 Decem
ber 1999, Queen
s College, C
ambridge
Introduction
vP
erhaps easier to do the why before the h
ow
vE
ver increasing requirements &
user expectationsv
Gigabit E
thernet — a very quick introduction
vO
ur experiencesv
Before and after
v D
oes it work? Y
es!
vE
ase of integrationv
Product exam
ples
vO
perational stabilityv
Success
expansion
vT
he Future
vLA
N, C
ampus, M
AN
, WA
N, T
he world
v10 G
igabit Ethernet
2 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet — H
ow? and W
hy?U
KU
UG
Winter C
onference, 13-14 Decem
ber 1999, Queen
s College, C
ambridge
Background
vIncrease in netw
ork trafficv
Increase in CP
U pow
erv
Especially at the desktop
vLow
er costsv
Change in netw
ork profile, the web
vH
igher expectationsv
New
products
3 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet — H
ow? and W
hy?U
KU
UG
Winter C
onference, 13-14 Decem
ber 1999, Queen
s College, C
ambridge
Users Computers
vU
sers D
esktops and Laptopsv
Significant perform
ance improvem
entsv
Alw
ays faster CP
Us
vIO
capability enhancedv
Plenty of m
emory and local disk space
vLow
er costs, faster systems, happier users?
vLow
cost of 10/100 UT
P E
thernet NIC
s makes
Fast E
thernet to the desktop the desired norm
4 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet — H
ow? and W
hy?U
KU
UG
Winter C
onference, 13-14 Decem
ber 1999, Queen
s College, C
ambridge
Changing Traffic Profi
vO
nly a few years ago
vC
lient Server traffic dom
inated the LAN
vF
or example, lots of local N
FS
traffic
vS
mall low
power system
s, perhaps disklessv
The 80/20
rule, about 80% of the traffic local
vT
odayv
The W
WW
has significantly changed trafficprofiles and the w
ay people work
vC
oupled with high pow
er user systems
v80/20 ⇒
60/40 ⇒ 50/50 ⇒
40/60 ⇒ 20/80
5 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet — H
ow? and W
hy?U
KU
UG
Winter C
onference, 13-14 Decem
ber 1999, Queen
s College, C
ambridge
Work Groups
vU
sers quick to upgrade their own system
sv
Faster system
s, desktop and/or laptopv
Desire for faster netw
orkingv
May buy them
selves a local (cheap) switch
vC
entral services, (much) slow
er to changev
Core netw
orks still 10 Mbit/s shared E
thernet?v
Collisions supposed to be a rarity not the norm
!
6 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet — H
ow? and W
hy?U
KU
UG
Winter C
onference, 13-14 Decem
ber 1999, Queen
s College, C
ambridge
The Problem
vT
raffic volumes, significant increase &
risingv
More faster pow
er users
vW
eb traffic is graphical — so m
uch more data
vR
elatively long download tim
es vs data life ofm
aybe just a few seconds, until the next click
vW
eb caches help
vT
raffic is no longer just localv
Outside the local w
orkgroup, Intranet, Internet
7 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet — H
ow? and W
hy?U
KU
UG
Winter C
onference, 13-14 Decem
ber 1999, Queen
s College, C
ambridge
Your Problem
vS
low overloaded local netw
orks?v
Users blam
e poor networking for everything
vS
o convenient, but hard to prove otherwise
vN
eed to improve the netw
orkv
Keep disruption to a m
inimum
vF
rom Not me first!
to Please upgrade me
vP
lan Plan and P
lan againv
Try it first, m
ake sure it does what you think
8 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet — H
ow? and W
hy?U
KU
UG
Winter C
onference, 13-14 Decem
ber 1999, Queen
s College, C
ambridge
Earlier Solutio
vO
nly just over a year ago probably considerv
Ethernet at the edge
vA
TM
at the corev
Unless you w
ant AT
M perform
ance to the desktop!?
vO
ne (perhaps 2) dedicated routers on a stickv
Sm
all number of V
LAN
s
vM
oderately complex solution
vR
emem
ber the golden rule — keep it simpl
9 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet — H
ow? and W
hy?U
KU
UG
Winter C
onference, 13-14 Decem
ber 1999, Queen
s College, C
ambridge
Hardware Advances
vLot of w
ork can now be done in hardw
arev
AS
ICs for w
ire speed switching
vA
SIC
s for wire speed IP
routingv
AS
ICs for both, all at true w
ire speed
vC
ost reductions with perform
anceenhancem
entsv
Introduces new products and possible
solutionsv
Softw
are still has an important role to play
10 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
Newer Solutions
vE
thernet, Fast E
thernet, Gigabit E
thernetv
All one happy fam
ily of Ethernet
vW
ire speed switching
vD
elivers true network bandw
idth
vW
ire speed IP routing
vIP
routing can now be fast, efficient, &
plentiful
vC
an now deliver low
latency wire speed
switching and IP
routing to the desktop
11 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
Gigabit Ethernet Topi
vO
verviewv
Physical Layer
vS
tandards Sum
mary
vS
witch features, V
LAN
s, Tags, Q
oS,
Redundant Links
vC
onfiguration and managem
entv
Sum
mary
12 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
Gigabit Ethernet Overview
vE
volution without revolution
vB
ased on success of Ethernet, builds on
vS
hift away from
shared to dedicated media
vF
rom shared coaxial cable to star w
iring with a
dedicated cable for each device, e.g. 10 BA
SE
-T
vS
hift towards dedicated bandw
idthv
Full D
uplex Ethernet, since no longer a shared
media, can do aw
ay with C
SM
A/C
D controls
13 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
Gigabit Ethernet Overview
vE
thernet Flow
Control, provides explicit
control for the flow of data, developed as
part of Full D
uplex Ethernet
vA
llows sw
itches to avoid unnecessary packetloss w
hen buffers run low, m
ore likely at higherspeeds
vR
educes costs, use less mem
ory
vA
utomatic Link C
onfiguration, first seen with
Fast E
thernet over UT
Pv
Media independence, e.g. copper and fiber
14 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
Gigabit Ethernet Overview
vIt is E
thernet, just much faster
vC
ompatible w
ith existing 10/100 Mbps
Ethernet
vH
ence half duplex support had to bedefinedv
Collisions and their detection
vP
hysics of the problemv
Keep it standard
vF
ull duplex, point to point dedicated links,easy
15 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
Gigabit Ethernet Topi
vO
verviewv
Physical Layer
vS
tandards Sum
mary
vS
witch features, V
LAN
s, Tags, Q
oS,
Redundant Links
vC
onfiguration and managem
entv
Sum
mary
16 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
Physical Layer
vF
iber optics and copper cablesv
Cover key item
s, fairly high levelv
Various fiber types and link distances
vT
hings to know about
v1000 B
AS
E-X
adapted Fiber C
hannelphysical layer design, w
ith a speed increasefrom
1.0625 Gbaud to 1.250 G
baud
17 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
Standards for Physical Medi
vIE
EE
802.3z covers support forv
1000 BA
SE
-SX
multi-m
ode fiber horizontalv
1000 BA
SE
-LX m
ulti-mode fiber backbone
v1000 B
AS
E-LX
single-mode fiber backbone
v1000 B
AS
E-C
X fairly short distance copper
vIE
EE
802.3ab copper to the desktopv
4 pair Category 5 w
ith RJ45 connectors
18 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
Fiber Link Lengths —
Wave-
length Fiber Fiber Type
µm
Bandwidth
MHz.km
Distance
m
SX
MMF
50
400
500
SX
MMF
50
500
550
SX
MMF
62.5
160
220
SX
MMF
62.5
200
275
19 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
Fiber Link Lengths —
Wave-
length Fiber Fiber Type
µm
Bandwidth
MHz.km
Distance
m
LX
MMF
50
400
550
LX
MMF
50
500
550
LX
MMF
62.5
500
550
LX
MMF
62.5
500
550
LX
SMF
8-10
5000
20 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
1000 BASE-SX
vS
X —
Short w
avelength lightv
Typically 850 nm
(770-860) visible lightv
Cost effective, m
ost often used in the LAN
vG
igabit speeds require lasers not LED
s
vW
orks over various grades of fiber opticsv
50 µm and 62.5 µm
MM
F only
vR
eally designed to work w
ith what w
e havev
Often use M
MF
in the LAN
21 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
1000 BASE-LX
vLX
— Long w
avelength lightv
1300 nm (1270-1355) infrared light
vP
rimarily used w
ith single mode fiber, but can
be used with m
ulti mode fiber too
vLonger distances, e.g. cross cam
pusv
From
long distance telecomm
unication lasers
vA
gain works over various grades of fiber
opticsv
50 µm and 62.5 µm
MM
F, also 10 µm
SM
F
22 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
Fiber Optic Connecto
vS
tandard specifies one optical-fiber connectorv
Duplex S
Cv
Very com
mon and also used for 100B
AS
E-F
X
vIndustry w
ould like something
vH
alf the size of the SC
, about RJ45 size
vC
heaper, yet still high performance
vT
he new M
T-R
J connector, multi vendor support
vT
here are other competing products, e.g. from
3M
23 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
1000 BASE-T
vC
opper to the desktopv
4 pairs of UT
P C
ategory 5 cable to 100mv
Bi-directional transm
ission over all 4 pairsv
i.e. transmitting in both directions at once
v250 M
bps per pairv
Full and half duplex supported
vIE
EE
802.3ab, June 1999v
Successful interoperability trials, S
ept 1999v
Products already announced, m
any early 200024 M
igration to Gigabit E
thernet — H
ow? and W
hy?U
KU
UG
Winter C
onference, 13-14 Decem
ber 1999, Queen
s College, C
ambridge
Gigabit Ethernet Topi
vO
verviewv
Physical Layer
vS
tandards Sum
mary
vS
witch features, V
LAN
s, Tags, Q
oS,
Redundant Links
vC
onfiguration and managem
entv
Sum
mary
25 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
Standards Summary
v802.3 E
thernetv
802.3x Full duplex &
link based flow control
v802.3z G
igabit Ethernet
v1000 B
AS
E-LX
, SX
, CX
v802.3ab G
igabit over UT
P 1000 B
AS
E-T
v802.3ac P
riority and VLA
N tagging
vE
thernet support for 802.1p and 802.1Q
v802.3ad Link aggregation and trunking
v802.3ae future 10-G
igabit Ethernet!
26 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
Gigabit Ethernet Topi
vO
verviewv
Physical Layer
vS
tandards Sum
mary
vS
witch features, V
LAN
s, Tags, Q
oS,
Redundant Links
vC
onfiguration and managem
entv
Sum
mary
27 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
Switches
vM
ove from shared to dedicated LA
Ns
vIm
portant — not all sw
itches are equal!v
Term
s like workgroup sw
itch, core switch
vP
rice, marketing, advances in technology
vA
pplication Specific Integrated C
ircuits —A
SIC
sv
May use com
mon chip set, m
emory helps
vW
ire speed forwarding not alw
ays deliveredor even claim
ed, e.g.
28 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
80% Load
100% Load
64256
151864
2561518 B
ytes
A 0
0 0
27.226.9
26.7
B 0
0 0
0 0
0
C 0
0 0
28.128.2
27.1
D56.5
41.934.5
65.254.0
48.4
E29.5
22.023.2
44.340.5
41.6
Source: IT
Week Labs, IT
Week, 24 A
ugust 1998
Managed 8 Port Switche
Dropped Frames
29 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
80% Load
100% Load
64256
1518 64
2561518 B
ytesF
22.112.0
12.038.2
32.533.5
G23.7
12.111.0
39.132.2
33.1H
21.310.5
10.337.5
31.132.2
I23.5
11.910.4
39.032.1
32.9J
22.112.0
12.038.2
32.533.5
K<0.1
0 0
27.527.1
26.7S
ource: IT W
eek Labs, IT W
eek, 24 August 1998
Unmanaged 8 Port Switche
Dropped Frames
30 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
Performance
vU
nmanaged sw
itchesv
Generally perform
ed worse than m
anagedv
But usually cheaper
vS
elect with care
vB
ig impact on netw
ork performance
vC
ost not always a good guide
vS
eek a few independent benchm
ark results
31 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
Price Performance
vB
usiness Com
munications R
eviewv
Layer 3 Sw
itches — R
eady to Route O
ctober1998
http://ww
w.bcr.com
/bcrmag/10/oct98p34.htm
l
Included by permission of B
CR
32 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
' 1998, B
CR
Enterprises, Inc
33 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
Virtual LANs —
vA
virtual LAN
(VLA
N) is a logical grouping
rather than a physical one based onnetw
ork topologyv
Different w
ays to create the VLA
Ngroupings, e.g.v
Port based —
simple to achieve and based
entirely on the switch port of attachm
entv
Address based —
support multiple VLA
Ns on a
physical port, depending on the address ofeach device connected to the port
34 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
Virtual LANs —
vP
rotocol based — single device can be a
mem
ber of multiple V
LAN
s depending on theprotocol used, e.g. IP
, IPX
, AppleT
alk, etc.
vS
witches often support one or m
ore ofthese m
ethodsv
IP netw
orking with each subnet as a V
LAN
,port based, plus 802.1Q
tagging on Gigabit
up links
35 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
Virtual LANs —
vLike to use V
LAN
s with IP
subnetsv
Multiple LA
Ns over the sam
e piece ofm
ediav
Need for tagging, but a very flexible solution
vS
tandard brings interoperabilityv
Early to m
arket products may be non-
standardv
Som
e switches support m
ultiple VLA
N types
36 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
Extreme Networks VLAN Creatio
vV
LAN
web interface
vC
reation, deletion and configurationv
Configuration fields includev
Nam
ev
Tag ID
v P
ortsv
IP address
v Q
oSv
Packet filtering
v S
panning Tree
v T
ag or untagged
vP
acket filtering allows for the selection of
specific Ethernet packet types into the
VLA
N37 M
igration to Gigabit E
thernet — H
ow? and W
hy?U
KU
UG
Winter C
onference, 13-14 Decem
ber 1999, Queen
s College, C
ambridge
38 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
39 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
802.1Q Tagging
vE
thernet packets can bev
Untagged
— Just as norm
alv
Tagged
— E
xtra 802.1Q tag included
vA
llows m
ultiple LAN
s e.g. IP subnets to
travel together over the same physical link
vP
re-standard tagging and VLA
Ns
vA
gain switches supporting m
ultiple types existv
Protect your earlier investm
ent, but fast moving
40 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
Example
vT
wo sub-nets w
ith corresponding VLA
Ns
vA
ssign tag number to each V
LAN
vG
igabit uplink carries both sub-nets, usingtagged portsv
128.128.5.xxx5-net
tag 5v
128.128. 8.xxx8-net
tag 8
vT
raffic stays within its ow
n VLA
Nv
Just as if on its own physical cable
41 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
QoS — Quality of Serv
vM
any QoS
standards and solutions exist,includingv
802.1P priority tag v
CB
Q (class based queuing)
vF
rame R
elay v
IP precedence (type of service bits)
vR
SV
P (resource reservation protocol)
vS
BM
(subnet bandwidth m
anager) v A
TM
vT
CP
window
manipulation
v T
oken Ring
vW
FQ
(weighted fair queuing), etc
vS
ome G
igabit Ethernet sw
itches provide QoS
ve.g. P
olicy based Quality of S
ervice
42 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
Explicit and Implicit
vE
xplicit QoS
vE
nd-station initiatedv
Require application changes
vIE
EE
802.1p/Q, IE
TF
s RS
VP
vA
pplications control
vIm
plicit QoS
vN
o changes to end-station applicationsv
Policies centrally set by the netw
ork manager
vN
etwork m
anager controls
43 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
Traffic Groups
Physical port
802.1p or 802.1Q
MA
C address
TC
P/U
DP
session (W
ell-known port num
bers) R
SV
P flow
Subnet or IP
addressP
rotocol (IP, IP
X, S
NA
)
VLA
N
Relative priority
Minim
um bandw
idth
Maxim
um bandw
idth
Peak bandw
idth
Maxim
um delay
QoS Profiles
Policy = Traffic Group +
QoS Profile
1 2 3 4OSI Layer
Policy-Based Quality of Ser
44 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
QoS — Quality of Service
vA
TM
has extensive QoS
vB
een developed over time
vS
ome G
igabit Ethernet sw
itches offer QoS
vG
enerally not as extensive
vC
an be useful for, say, video streams or
sound traffic, desire low latency and avoid
disturbance from other less tim
e criticaltraffic, e.g. the W
WW
45 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
QoS — Quality of Service
vE
xample from
Extrem
e Netw
orks Sum
mit
switch
v4 Q
oS profiles handled in the hardw
arev
Low, norm
al, medium
, high priority
vE
ach VLA
N placed into a profile
vP
rotocol filtering can apply to VLA
N m
embership
vS
et minim
um and m
aximum
bandwidth for each
profile
46 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
QoS Configuration
vV
ery easy to configure and use if requiredv
Minim
um &
maxim
um bandw
idth per VLA
Nv
Four profiles available on this sw
itchv
Supported in the hardw
are design
47 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
48 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
Redundant Gigabit Link
vR
edundant Gigabit links
vS
ome sw
itches support redundant linksv
Should the m
ain link failv
Autom
atically changes over to the backup linkv
Often labelled as e.g. port 1 and 1Rv
But only one port ever w
orks at any single time
vC
hangeover in typically less than a secondv
Much better than S
panning Tree (avoid!)
49 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
Redundant Link Examples
Norm
al Link
Redundant Link
Broken Link
50 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
Redundant Link Examples
Norm
al Link
Redundant Link
Broken Link
Reduces the num
ber ofredundant links requiredback to the centralcore sw
itch
51 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
Gigabit Ethernet Topi
vO
verviewv
Physical Layer
vS
tandards Sum
mary
vS
witch features, V
LAN
s, Tags, Q
oS,
Redundant Links
vC
onfiguration and managem
entv
Sum
mary
52 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
Command Line Interface —
vC
onsole serial portsv
Out of band access, useful w
hen it all goes...
vT
elnetv
Online help
vD
ebug switch configuration
vC
omm
and history and editingv
Com
plexity — how
convenient is it to use?
53 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
Command Line Interface —
vS
criptingv
Cut and paste generated configuration
vD
ownload configurations
vU
ploadv
Make backups of your sw
itch configurationsv
Kind of im
portant to your network and users
54 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge
Command Line Interface —
vV
ery easy to usev
Com
mand com
pletion via tab keyv
Option prom
pting and extensive online helpv
Com
mand history and editing
vE
xample, show
port configuration
55 Migration to G
igabit Ethernet —
How
? and Why?
UK
UU
G W
inter Conference, 13-14 D
ecember 1999, Q
ueens C
ollege, Cam
bridge