how an artwork is builtsscartappreciationspring2013.weebly.com/uploads/1/6/4/1/... ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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How an Artwork Is Built Chapter 3
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Design ¡ The act of
organizing the visual elements to effect a desired aesthetic in a work of art.
¡ The principles of design are a natural part of our perception; i.e. good taste.
¡ Design is also known as composition.
Charles Demuth, The Figure 5 in Gold, 1928.
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The 6 Major Categories of Design
¡ Unity and Variety
¡ Balance
¡ Emphasis and Subordination
¡ Contrast
¡ Repetition and Rhythm
¡ Scale and Proportion
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UNITY and VARIETY
¡ Unity is oneness or wholeness, of things belonging together to create a coherent whole.
¡ Unity is achieved by maintaining a constant visual element.
¡ Variety is diversity, which provides visual interest.
Tony Smith, Die. Figure 3.2
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UNITY and VARIETY
¡ Unity is oneness or wholeness, of things belonging together to create a coherent whole.
¡ Unity is achieved by maintaining a constant visual element.
¡ Variety is diversity, which provides visual interest.
Robert Rauschenberg, Gift for Apollo, Figure 3.5
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UNITY and VARIETY
¡ What visual elements have been used to create unity? To create variety?
Jacob Lawrence. Going Home. 1946. 21 1/2" x 29 1/2".
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UNITY and VARIETY ¡ “In his painting Going
Home, Jacob Lawrence balanced unity and variety. He established visual themes with the lines, shapes, and colors of the train seats, figures, and luggage, and them he repeated and varied those themes. Notice the varied repetition in the green chair seats and window shades. As a unifying element, the same red is used in a variety of shapes. The many figures and objects in the complex composition form a unified design through the artist’s skillful use of abstraction, theme, and variation.”
Jacob Lawrence. Going Home. 1946. 21 1/2" x 29 1/2".
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Balance: Formal Symmetry ¡ Formal symmetry
occurs when everything on the left and right side of the artwork is the same.
¡ In architecture formal symmetry is associated with unity, formal grandeur, and a sense of permanence and stability.
US Capitol Building, 19th century.
¡ Balance is the achievement of equilibrium in art.
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Damien Hirst. Posterity—The Holy Place. 2006.
89 5/8" x 48".
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Asymmetrical Balance
¡ Asymmetrical balance: when the two sides of the composition do not match.
¡ Nonetheless, there is still an equal distribution of visual weight.
¡ How is this achieved? PRACTICE. It is balanced when it looks balanced.
Lavinia Fontana, Noli Me Tangere, Figure 3.9
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Asymmetrical Balance: Please see pages 64 and 65 for these guidelines
1. Larger forms are heavier and more attractive than smaller forms.
2. Forms have more visual weight at the edge of a picture.
3. Complex forms are heavier than a simple form.
4. Warm colors are heavier than than cool colors.
5. Warm colors advance and cool colors recede.
6. Saturated colors are heavier than tints/shades.
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EMPHASIS and Subordination ¡ Emphasis focuses the
viewer’s attention on one or more parts of a composition.
¡ Achieved through shape, intense value/color, contrast, and/or directional lines.
¡ Subordination is when an artist creates neutral areas of little interest.
¡ Using emphasis and subordination the artist shows us where to look in a work.
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Dynamic Balancing
Edgar Degas. Jockeys before the Race. c. 1878–1879. 42 1/2" x 29".
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Structural Balance
Mark di Suvero Declara'on 1999-‐2001
The ar9st described the work as “a pain9ng in three dimensions with the crane as my paintbrush.”
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Contrast ¡ Contrast: the
juxtaposition of strongly dissimilar elements. Contrast draws our eyes in.
l Thick and thin lines l Organic and
geometric shapes l Sharp and blurred
edges l Complimentary colors l Light and dark Luster Painted Bowl,
Hispano-Moresque, Spain, Figure 3.14
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RHYTHM ¡ Rhythm is an orderly progression, usually based in
Repetition. Rhythm can be present even if there is a slight variation in repetition.
Ogata Korin, Cranes, Japanese Edo Period. Figure 3.16
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RHYTHM
José Clemente Orozco. ZapaJstas. 1931. 45" x 55".
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SCALE and PROPORTION ¡ Scale: Refers to
Size
¡ We experience scale in relation to our own size.
¡ Proportion: the size relationship or ratio of parts to a whole.
¡ When the size of any art work is modified for reproduction its character changes.
Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen. ShuQlecocks. 1994.
215 3/4" x 209" x 191 3/4".
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After this lecture you should be able to:
¡ Define the 6 major principles of design and identify them in the works presented.
¡ Discuss the principles of design that make an artwork easy to read.
¡ ***Be sure to review the information on Matisse in your text.