Housing & Shelter: Tower Renewal's Application to the KGO

November 30, 2010

Neil Douglas

Abstract (Summary): Scarborough is facing a wide variety of issues with respect to community

planning. The need for more proactive planning and investment is crucial to the sustainability of

Scarborough's neighbourhoods. Specifically, the Kingston-Galloway-lOrton Park (KGO)

neighbourhood which is facing a multitude of challenges and issues that have obstructed the

growth of this area during recent years. The focus of this report will be to investigate the topic of

housing and shelter within the Kingston and Galloway area. The first section of this report will

provide an overview of the research methodologies implemented. The following sections will

provide a detailed historical observation of the development of the KGO using historical models

of town planning and building design. The subsequent sections will introduce an overview of the

tower renewal, report, our research findings, a critique of those findings, and provide

recommendations based on what we discovered throughout this research project.

Keywords: Green, Housing, Planning, Shelter, Tower Renewal

HOUSING & SHELTER

TOWER RENEWAL'S APPLICABILITY TO THE KGO

AUTHOR NEIL DOUGLAS 990792040

COURSE: CITCOl INSTRUCTOR AHMED ALLAHW ALA

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO

1.0) Introduction:

Scarborough is facing a wide variety of issues with respect to community planning. The

need for more proactive planning and investment is crucial to the sustainability of Scarborough's

neighborhoods. Specifically, the Kingston-Galloway/Orton Park (KGO) neighborhood which is

facing a multitude of challenges and issues that have obstructed the growth of this area during

recent years. As a result, the City Council of Toronto has indentified this area among its thirteen

priority neighborhoods. As a priority neighborhood, this area has been earmarked for increased

funding in social infrastructure and community development. Furthermore, because of the close

proximity of this neighborhood to the University of Toronto's Scarborough campus, it provides a

valuable opportunity for undergraduate students to conduct community based research.

Therefore, a specialized course was designed to investigate the historical and contemporary

process of neighborhood developments in the East Scarborough region. As an undergraduate of

the University of Toronto, I can provide this community with research that can be beneficial for

future community developments.

The focus of this report will be to investigate the topic of housing and shelter within the

Kingston and Galloway area. Working in a group, we have identified that apartment buildings

house the majority of the residents in our subject area. We have also analyzed the proposed

tower renewal program in Toronto and have therefore assessed whether it is applicable to the

KGO area. The first section of this report will provide an overview of the research

methodologies implemented. The following section will provide a detailed historical observation

of the development of the KGO using historical models of town planning and building design.

The subsequent sections will introduce an overview of the tower renewal, report, our research

fmdings, a critique of those findings, and provide recommendations based on what we

discovered throughout this research project. Finally, this report concludes with a brief forecast

of future implications of the KGO area.

2.0) Research Methods:

The group performed qualitative research in order to understand the topic of housing and

shelter, with a particular focus on the former Mayor of Toronto David Miller's Tower Renewal

Program. I conducted extensive literature research from a multitude of sources and databases.

The University of Toronto libraries scholars' portal, Toronto Public Libraries and internet

1

sources were used to collect background information and to connect old planning methods with

the KGO; as well as theories from social/urban idealists to justify the Tower Renewal initiative.

As a group we conducted a walking tour study of the existing apartment buildings in the KGO

area and the Markham/Eglinton tower renewal project (pilot site) on November 9th, 2010. In

addition, I conducted participatory research interviews with Mrs. Eleanor McAteer, director of

Tower Renewal (November 5th, 2010); Anne Gloger, director of Storefront; and Jamie Elliot,

(November 17th, 2010). These interviews were used to identify key elements and weaknesses of

the Tower Renewal Project.

3.0) Historical Toronto & KGO:

The municipality of Scarborough has been successful in implementing Pre-World War II

planning ideas. One such idea is the Neighborhood Unit strategy, conceived by Clarence Perry

(1929). Correlations between the KGO and Perry's original 1929 monograph are evident. Figure

1, Perry's plan (right) and Figure 2(appendix 1), the aerial view of the KGO (left) illustrate some

of the similarities that are present. A conimon element of both plans is that arterial streets were

relegated to the perimeter, thus enabling pedestrians to move freely within the neighborhood

without interference from vehicular traffic. Notably, apartment buildings are located on the

periphery of the neighborhood unit (highlight in blue) and in the KGO (circled in Red). As a

result, residents living in these apartment buildings become isolated and disconnected from the

rest of the neighborhood. This is a recurring problem with many neighborhoods that have

adopted the Neighborhood Unit in their design. The KGO has faced many of the same issues,

such as isolation and disconnection.

In addition, the KGO has adopted many principles that were favored by architects during

the modernist period. As a result, the majority of tower apartments that were built between 1955

and 1980, as high density solution to Toronto's population growth, were influenced by the

leading proponent for this theory. A Swedish architect named Le Corbusier, whose fascination

with the concept of buildings as living machines, directed much of the development of Tower

Blocks and Tower in a Park design. Le Corbusier argued that, "elevators should be the most

normal form of vertical transportation and towers for both decongesting central cities by clearing

land for park-like open space and at the same time building "houses of 15, 20 or more stories,

increasing densities up to 250-500 persons per acre (Mumford, 1995. pg25)." The rationale for

2

this design type was that the open space around the tower could be used for recreation and to

ensure that the tower would get plenty of sunlight. Examples of Towers in a Park in the KGO

are: 4100 & 4110 Lawrence East (figure 3).

Toronto and many U.S. cities thought this was an efficient use of land. Subsequently, in

every region of the GT A there are at least one or two towers in Park-like settings. "According to

Jarus (2009), "Toronto's planners worked most extensively with the Tower in the Park design"

(pg.28). As a result, Toronto has approximately 1,000 apartment buildings and the KGO has 12

towers in their geographical area. Notably, the KGO area has a higher percentage of apartment

units than the rest of Toronto. Referring to table 1 (appendix 2), according to data collected in

2006, 41.2% of the population in ward 43 live in apartment units versus the total for Toronto,

which is 38.8%. Therefore, there are opportunities for significant reduction of resources used

and improvement of the apartment stock in the KGO.

Congruently, experts such as Graeme Stewart of ERA architects have identified that these

towers are opportunities for redevelopment. Through my research I have concluded that these

buildings are the heaviest consumers of energy and create large amounts of C02 emissions.

According to a study conducted by the University of Toronto city centre, a bungalow uses 1 GJ

of electricity and produces 38 kg of C02, whereas an apartment building unit uses 1.25 GJ and

47 kg C02 (Kesik & Saleff, 2008). This does appear to make a significant difference however,

as an average total for an entire apartment building in Toronto, will increase significantly to 95

GJ and 4.4 tonnes of C02 (Kesik & Saleff, 2008). Therefore, the rationale for enhancement of

existing buildings, to create environmental sustainable dwellings for residents becomes a very

strong one based on these findings.

4.0) Overview of Tower Renewal:

The Tower renewal is a program first conceived by architects from E.R.A in 2006.

Architects from E.R.A visited then Mayor David Miller, regarding an opportunity to restore

Toronto's buildings from a state of disarray. Apartment buildings built 50 years ago in Toronto

really have been paid little attention from the city and have been taken for granted. Learning

from Europe, apartment buildings are great opportunities for redevelopment. In many cases

apartment buildings sit on large portions of land which are valuable parcels of land in the

country's biggest city. Therefore, Mayor David Miller along with a team of experts, introduced

3

the Tower Renewal Project. The tower renewal project which former Mayor David Miller has stated can benefit Toronto by providing the following:

• A Cleaner and Greener City. • Stronger Communities through local job creation. • Increased Social and Cultural. • Enhanced Local Economic Activity through on-site retail and services. (

All of those potential benefits are achievable because of Toronto's current stock of high-rise

apartment towers. Although those structures are from an era that stressed the verticality,

modernization and denser living conditions, they are the very reason that areas such as KGO

have suffered. However, these buildings should be heralded for their durable structural system

(armature) that can accommodate a succession of building envelope assemblies (skins) provided

they are designed for ease of replacement (Kesik & Saleff, 2008). In addition, the tower renewal

has developed 20 elements that will address Toronto's towers. Among those elements, eight key

elements are as follows: physical appearance (cladding), energy, water, transportation,

environmental, social, economical and walk-ability.

4.1) Physical Appearance:

An exterior over-cladding will be installed over the concrete sheer wall of the buildings.

This cladding will provide a thermal break between exterior cold and interior warm zones. In

addition this separation of layers provides an additional layer of insulation for the building and a

"service space" for new technology, such as fiber optic cable and solar water heating (Kesik &

Saleff, 2008).

4.2) Energy & Water:

As discussed in the previous section, over-cladding will significantly reduce the amount

of heat loss from a building. Referring to figure 4, the building shaded in red hues is losing

approximately 4-6 degrees of heat. As a result, apartment building must use more electricity to

heat dwellings, subsequently producing higher amounts of C02 emissions. As Kesik and Sale:ff

(2008) state, "The greenhouse gas savings will also be substantial: 3.45 tons per unit (on

average) annually. If every high-rise residential building in Toronto is wrapped in over-cladding,

1.2 million tons a year in greenhouse gas emissions will be prevented." (pg. 3) Furthermore,

4

new enhancements in the physical structure of the buildings can have the potential of recapturing

rain water, which can be used as grey water in the building. Grey water is water that can be used

for toilet bowl flushing water and maintenance cleaning water.

5.0) Research Findings:

For this section of the report I will refer to interviews I conducted with experts in their

professional capacity and observations I made during a walking tour of the KGO area and the

Markham/Eglinton pilot site.

5.1) Tower Renewal Initiative:

The first interview I conducted was with Mrs. Eleanor McAteer, PENG project director

for the Tower Renewal Initiative. This interview occurred on November 5tt\ 2010 at Toronto

City Hall. Mrs. McAteer provided detailed information on the scope, objectives of the Initiative

and overall progress of the Tower Renewal program. From that interview, it appears the tower

renewal project has lots of potential. The project has the potential to save resources usually

allocated for energy and can reduce environmental impacts of waste and water consumption. In

addition, by reducing those operating costs, they can use that savings on the implementation of

the project. Mrs. McAteer argues that:

"Changing toilets and light bulbs is only a small scope of the tower renewal project. Full tower renewal is a major retro fit, and including the physical and social elements is very complex. We envision a complete transformation of apartment buildings that will completely change the lives of residents within and surrounding these apartment buildings. (E. McAteer, personal communication, November,

5th, 2010)"

She also identified that a key element that is at the centre of the tower renewal project is

Funding/investment strategy. According to Mrs. McAteer, "Apartment buildings can be viewed

as a business, run by business people." A $5 million dollar investment will net a return of

approximately 20 %, if they were to spend their money in purchasing a new building or different

business venture. Whereas, with a tower renewal retrofit, the net return for the same $5 million

dollar investment is approximately 5%. As a result, a tower renewal retrofit is not viewed as

feasible option for private business ventures. Therefore, the tower renewal team is seeking other

options to secure funding. An option that can work is aggregation. The city knows that there is

5

potential for significant savings, and therefore the city of Toronto is in advantageous position.

By combining 10 projects at $50 million dollars total, the city of Toronto can seek funding from

capital markets. Since the city of Toronto is the aggregator, in theory they will receive a

favorable interest rate from investors. Alternately, the use of property taxes as a mechanism for

securing funding is another option. This means that the city of Toronto will arrange financing

for the project for a 10 year term with monthly repayments. Furthermore, if there is a defaulted

payment the city can collect the defaulted amount through property taxes on the property. As a

result, property owners do not (in theory) have to arrange a mortgage on the property, which

eliminates the possibility of unscrupulous developers using mortgages as a means of securing

funding for another more lucrative ventures. However, this measure will require provincial

approval. The ability to levy property taxes is an allowance given to municipality from the

Province of Ontario. Another challenge facing tower renewal is zoning. Apartment buildings in

Toronto have specific zoning and it is very difficult to inftll any non residential property on land

zoned for multiple resident dwellings. Of note, certain sites have specific exemptions, meaning if

a building has an existing convenience store it is allowed only if it remains a convenience store.

Referring to the pilot sites, Markham/Eglinton is well served by services amenities and is near

public transit, whereas, the Kipling site is isolated. Therefore, providing economic opportunities

is not a priority for Markham/Eglinton site.

5.2) Observation of the Case Study Pilot Site:

As mentioned in the previous section, Markham/Eglinton pilot site is well served; this

property is the typical tower in the park (Figure 5). This photograph illustrates the vast amount

of land use for a parking garage entrance. I coined the phrase '"the parking garage in the park" to

explain this. Currently only a walk-ability study has been completed on this site, no physical

transformation has occurred and from my observation, it is unlikely that any construction will

occur in the near future.

5.3) Applicability to KGO:

For this section I will refer to an interview Aileen Keng and I conduct with Mrs. Anne

Gloger and Mrs. Jamie Elliot on November 17th, 2010. This interview was conducted in the

Storefront located in the KGO neighborhood in East Scarborough. The rationale for this

6

interview was to determine whether there was work occurring within the KGO subject area with

regards to Tower Renewal and if there were sites that could possibly be earmarked for tower

renewal retrofits. According to Anne Gloger, "refocusing the tower renewal into the tower

neighborhood renewal based on work done by Storefront (A. Gloger, personal communication,

November 17t��, 2009)" is currently what is happening within the KGO. What she has seen is that tower renewal has focused predominately on cladding; notably only one pilot site is actually

installing cladding towers in Moss Park. The Storefront and Anne Gloger determined that a 4-

wheel approach is critical to bringing tower renewal to the KGO and making it successful in the

area. The elements of this model are: environmental, economical development, social

engagement and recreation green-space. In addition, the idea is for residents in the area to lead

the changes in the neighborhood rather than changes being done to residents. Anne Gloger

argues that there is a major difference if the city implements a plan that is, ''this is what we are

going to do to you and not for you", as she states this will cause anxiety amongst residents (A.

Gloger, personal communication, November 17th, 2009). Furthermore, what is apparent in this area after

discussing some of the issues with Anne Gloger and Jamie Elliot is that within the KGO, there

are residents that are active, socially engaged and ready for change. Many of the buildings have

interior facilities that are hidden. What this area needs is a connection of the interior services to

the exterior street. In addition, connecting buildings to each other in the area is important as

certain buildings have more amenities than other adjacent buildings. An example of this is 4100

& 4110 Lawrence A venue East. One building has a recreational centre, while the other has a

daycare and a food bank. However, they are not shared between the two buildings even though

the buildings are located next to each other (figure 3). Residents in the building envy the other

residents in the adjacent building. This is a reoccurring issue within the KGO. Another issue

according to Mrs. Gloger is that Toronto community Housing Corporation (TCHC) operates

approximately 90% of the apartment buildings in the KGO and they are not a supporter of Tower

Renewal Program.

6.0) Critique of Research Findings:

The research findings discussed previously were collected in a short time frame and

many of the tower renewal projects are still in the design phase. As Mrs. McAteer states ''we are

designing and trying to comprehensively implement projects all at once, which is difficult and

7

typically a complete tower renewal retrofit will take 5-10 years." Our data collected is limited to

only a 4 week span of the program. We can assess the validity and/or rationale of tower renewal,

but were not able to assess the progress of this program. Many of the projects are still

conducting research studies. Furthermore, we could not interview any managers or tenants of

Capreit, due again to time constraints. Capreit owns and operates the pilot site at 215

Markham!Eglinton. Finally, data collection of East Scarborough was limited because of the

amalgamation of the former municipality of Scarborough into Toronto. The majority of the data

is not pertinent. In addition, the local public library (Cedarbrae Public Library) is under

construction and was not slated for opening until after this study was to be completed.

Cedarbrae Public Library has an extensive local history archive, which contains information on

all municipality of Scarborough official plans. These plans would have been invaluable to

assessing the KGO by providing details as to why planners directed development of the area as

they did.

7 .0) Recommendations:

There are two approaches. The first approach is artistic approach which focuses on the

style of buildings and is based mostly on architecture and mathematics. Proponents of this style

include Camillo Sitte and Le Corbusier. The second approach- and the one this study favors- is

the social usage approach that says urban design should be tailored to the people who occupy the

spaces. It takes the focus off the physical building and puts it on the social interactions and

relationships that shape physical space. Proponents of this style include Jane Jacobs and Kevin

Lynch. Jane Jacobs argues that, "conservation and rehabilitation of our existing housing supply is the

backbone of our urban renewal program; we use renewal as a tool to stabilize and protect our

neighborhoods, not disrupt or destroy them (Klemek, 2008. pg312)." Therefore, we decided to focus

our study on the social urban renewal of buildings with a bottom up approach. We came to this

conclusion after my discussion with Anne Gloger. Subsequently, we have developed seven strategies we

believe are essential to implementing tower renewal in the KGO. Are strategies are listed below:

1st Strategy: Site Selection 2nd Strategy: Create Asset Management (figure 8) 3rd Strategy: Street-scape (creating the connectivity of inside interior space to the outside space) 4th Strategy: Providing areas for entrepreneurship and business opportunities

8

5tb Strategy: Greenscaping and pedestrian pathways 6tb Strategy: Strategies for attracting Toronto Community Housing Corporation to adopt Tower Renewal 7tb Strategy: Popularizing the Issue

We believe that strategy 6 can be accomplished if the city of Toronto subsidizes the TCHC, or

secures funding for this corporation. As mentioned earlier in this report, the city of Toronto can

aggregate projects and they in theory will receive the most favorable outcome. The city can

extend a similar funding option to TCHC in an effort to attract the adoption of tower renewal.

Strategy 7 is gaining support and awareness of the tower renewal initiative and this awareness

should not be only among experts and politicians. The residents must be aware of the initiative

as well. Finally, this report's last recommendation is a potential tower neighborhood renewal.

Cleimore and I created a preliminary site design for 4301 Kingston road (figure 6). The theory is

to connect the building to the rest of the adjacent neighborhood and school. The design

schematic (figure 7) provides areas for business and economic opportunities (green area),

organic pedestrian pathways (orange area), connection of interior hidden social services (purple

area) and finally an area for seating, table and picnic opportunities (light blue). In theory, we

believe that residents or visitors will purchase local fruit or cultural food from the green area and

take it over to the light blue area to eat. Other residents in the tower may see this activity and

decide to participate as well. As a result, the apartment building is no longer isolated in a

neighborhood; rather it is integrated into the neighborhood and the area benefits from improve

vitality and sustainability.

8.0) Conclusion:

This study has been undertaken to provide a synopsis of the tower renewal project and its

applicability to the KGO. The rational for this study is to provide a useful source of information

for residents and workers within the KGO. As an undergraduate student in this course, I was

able to objectively observe and report my findings, free of political pressure or strict business

ethos. In many cases architects, engineers, professors, experts and students try to educate and

cure. In theory, if we educate local residents and the public of the merits of a project, we assume

that they will adopt or support the project. However, in most cases projects have encountered

resistance. Tower Renewal is no different as residents have become marginalized. Resistance for

Tower Renewal is often political. The new mayor of Toronto Rob Ford was elected on a mandate

9

of fiscal responsibility and cost cutting. 1bis report has outlined the merits of Tower Renewal

and the fiscal and monetary benefits of implementation of Tower Renewal retrofits. As well, this

study has outlined the potential for comprehensive neighborhood improvement. Therefore, I

believe that this study can be a bridge between academics and residents, illustrating the merit of

community wide improvements through tower neighborhood renewal.

10

· . .,___

APPENDIX I

Figure !-NEIGHBORHOOD UNIT( CLARENCE PERRY 1929) (pg.115)

Figure 3- 41oo&4110 LAWRENCE AVENUE EAST

11

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Figure 2 -AERIAL VIEW OF KGO (ClGoogle Maps. Inc 2010)

Flgure4-INFRARED REPRESENTATION (2010 Tower Renewal Guidelines)

APPENDIX2

2006

City of Toronto Ward Profile

HOUSEHOLD /DWELLINGS

Figure 5-215 MARKHAM/EGUNTON (PILOT SITE)

7075 41

1655 1040 18JO 955 10 0

37.3 2.2 8.7 5.5

4J.2 5

0.1 0 . ..

� ' No Yo ! . I � 266,880 27.3 1 , 1 69,465 7.1 1

II 54,685 5.6 I 'I 44,100 4.5

I I 319,695 38.8 I I 162,980 16.6 ! I 1,345 0.1 i l 160 0

'fCity of Toronto 2006 Census

Figure 6-4301 KINGSTON ROAD AERIAL VIEW(@IGOOGLE MAPS. Inc 2010} F'tgUre 7- PREUMINARY DESIGN SCHEME

12

·,__

. ...____

REFERENCES

Douglas, N. (2010). [Interview with Eleanor McAteer, Director of Tower Renewal Toronto]. November. 5th 2010.

Douglas, N. (2010). [Interview with Anne Gloger, Director of Storefront]. November. 17th 2010.

Douglas, N. (2010). [Interview with Jamie Elliot, Project Coordinator at Storefront]. November. 17th 2010.

Jaros, 0. (2009) "Towers of trouble" American planning association. Retrived From University of Toronto

Kesik, T. Saleff, I. (2008).Tower Renewal Guidelines For the Comprehensive Retrofit of Multi­Unit Residential Buildings in Cold Climates. Retrived from http://www.daniels. utoronto.ca/files/TowerRenewalGuidelines.pdf

Klemek, C. (2008). From Political Outsider to Power Broker in Two "Great American Cities" Jane Jacobs and the fall of the Urban Renewal Order in New York. Journal of Urban History, Vol. 34, No 2. Retrived From University of Toronto

Lawhon , L,L.(2009). "The Neighborhood Unit: Physical Design or Physical Determinism?" Journal of Planning History, Vol. 8, No.2. Kansas State University Retrived From University of Toronto

Mumford, E. (1995). The "tower in a park" in America: theory and practice, 1920-1960 Planning Perspectives, 10, 17-4. Retrieved From University ofToronto.

13

ll Nl Vt::RSI TY OF

TORONTO SCARBOROCGJI

1265 :\lilitary Trail. Sl'arborough Ontario. Canada '\l!C L\4

TITLE OF PROJECT: A Study of East Scarborough

Course Assignment for CITCO 1: Urban Communities and Neighbourhoods Case Study: East Scarborough

This interview is a part of a course designed to develop students' research skills through work on a case study of East Scarborough in relation to the broader topic of urban communities and neighbourhoods. The students are responsible for explaining to you the nature of their research topic and questions.

There are no known risks or benefits to you for assisting with this project. Your responses will be kept confidential unless you give the students pennission to quote you directly. You may request that any part of the interview must remain confidential even if you agree to be quoted directly. Participation in this interview is voluntary and you are free to withdraw at any time. All interview transcriptions will be stored in a secure place by the students, in confidence, until the end of the course, at which time they will be shredded. You may request and receive a copy of the research results. Please give your address to one of the students so that we may send you the report once it is written.

I acknowledge that the topic of this interview has been explained to me and that any questions that I have been asked have been about this project. I understand that I can withdraw from the interview at any time. I have been assured that the notes or conversation relating to me will be kept confidential and that no information will be released or printed that will disclose my personal identity unless I specify otherwise. Only the students and professors in the course will have access to the information that I provide and this information will be destroyed in a timely fashion once the course is over. I have been given a copy of this consent form for my records.

I agree to be quoted directly in the final paper

I agree to be tape recorded

Name�� S{gi.ature

Student Name and Contact information: Neil Douglas Email: ,.>_;_: ; , .'.,.: '·'

Course Instructor: Ahmed Allahwala Department of Social Sciences University of Toronto at Scarborough Email: aallahwala@utsc.utoronto.ca 416-287-7313

Yes V No ---

Yes V No ---

NoV. 5 I I() Date

UNIVERSITY OF

·TORONTO SCARBOROUGH

1265 Military Trail, Scarborough Ontario, Canada MlC lA4

TITLE OF PROJECT: A Study of East Scarborough

Course Assignment for CITCOl: Urban Communities and Neighbourhoods Case Study: East Scarborough

This interview is a part of a course designed to develop students' research skills through work on a case study of East Scarborough in relation to the broader topic of urban communities and neighbourhoods. The students are responsible for explaining to you the nature of their research topic and questions.

There are no known risks or benefits to you for assisting with this project. Your responses will be kept confidential unless you give the students permission to quote you directly. You may request that any part of the interview must remain confidential even if you agree to be quoted directly. Participation in this interview is voluntary and you are free to withdraw at any time. All interview transcriptions will be stored in a secure place by the students, in confidence, until the end of the course, at which time they will be shredded. You may request and receive a copy of the research results. Please give your address to one of the students so that we may send you the report once it is written.

I acknowledge that the topic of this interview has been explained to me and that any questions that I have been asked have been about this project. I understand that I can withdraw from the interview at any time. I have been assured that the notes or conversation relating to me will be kept confidential and that no information will be released or printed that will disclose my personal identity unless I specify otherwise. Only the students and professors in the course will have access to the information that I provide and this information will be destroyed in a timely fashion once the course is over. I have been given a copy of this consent form for my records.

I agree to be quoted directly in the final paper

I agree to be tape recorded

Name (Please Print)

1/ /. .J . , '· . . )/L 1t-·c ZJd!j , � --z -��-' Signate;/'

Student Name and Contact information here:

Course Instructor: Ahmed Allahwala Department of Social Sciences University of Toronto at Scarborough Email: aallahwala@utsc.utoronto.ca 416-287-7313

Yes _ _­

Yes /

No ---

No __ _

Date I .

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TITLE OF PROJECT: A Study of East Scarborough

Course Assignment for CITCOl: Urban Communities and Neighbourhoods Case Study: East Scarborough

This interview is a part of a course designed to develop students' research skills through work on a case study of East Scarborough in relation to the broader topic of urban communities and neighbourhoods. The students are responsible for explaining to you the nature of their research topic and questions.

There are no known risks or benefits to you for assisting with this project. Your responses will be kept confidential unless you give the students permission to quote you directly. You may request that any part of the interview must remain confidential even if you agree to be quoted directly. Participation in this interview is voluntary and you are free to withdraw at any time. All interview transcriptions wiiJ be stored in a secure place by the students, in confidence, until the end of the course, at which time they will be shredded. You may request and receive a copy of the research results. Please give your address to one of the students so that we may send you the report once it is written.

1 acknowledge that the topic of this interview has been explained to me and that any questions that I have been asked have been about this project. I understand that I can withdraw from the interview at any time. I have been assured that the notes or conversation relating to me will be kept confidential and that no information will be released or printed that will disclose my personal identity unless I specify otherwise. Only the students and professors in the course will have access to the information that I provide and this information will be destroyed in a timely fashion once the course is over. I have been given a copy of this consent form for my records.

I agree to be quoted directly in the final paper Yes No __ _

I agree to be tape recorded Yes V --- No __ _

Signature

Student Name and Contact information here:

Course Instructor: Ahmed Allahwala Department of Social Sciences