Housing & It's Basic Requirements

“Housing” in the modern concept includes not only the “physical structure” for

providing protection and shelter but also includes the immediate surrounding and

related community services and facilities. Residence is constructed for family life

where a person gets physical and mental peace. World health organization (WHO)

refers the term “Residential environment” where family can develop and flourish

physically, mentally and socially and it includes all necessary services, facilities

and equipment and devices needed for physical and mental health and social

well-being.

Criteria for Healthful Housing

a) Physiological Needs Rooms according to the number of people.

Free from objectionable odor and noise.

Adequate light and water supply.

Good drainage of water.

Proper place for collection of refuse and its disposal.

Provide adequate space for cooking, eating and washing.

Bathrooms and sanitary latrines.

Damp proof rooms

Protected from rain, sun, wild animals, rodents and snakes.

b) Psychological Needs Privacy

Family and community cleanliness.

Helps in promoting social relationship and community development.

Aesthetic satisfaction.

Social goals of Housing Shelter

Family life

Access to community facilities.

Family participation in community life

Economic stability.

Housing Standards

Site

It should be good, elevated from surroundings, away from industrial areas

and traffic noise.

Independent access to streets, away from breeding places of mosquitoes.

Set Back

For proper lightening and ventilation, there should be an open space all

around the house, this is called set back

In rural area----------1/3rd should be built.

In urban Areas-------2/3rd should be built.

Floor

Impermeable

Smooth and free from cracks and crevices.

Walls Walls should be reasonably weather resistant, smooth and plastered. 9 inch bricks

should use.

Roof

Roof should be at least 10 feet high, no cracks for rodents.

Low heat transmittance coefficient.

Rooms Requirements

For two persons------1 room

For three persons-----2 rooms

For 5 persons------------3 rooms

For 7 persons--------4 rooms

For10 persons--------5 rooms.

Floor Area

For 1 person-------100 sq. ft.

More than one person----120 sq. ft.

Doors and Windows

Windows cover almost 20 % of the floor area. Doors and windows should

cover 40%. Every room should have two windows, 3 ft. high from ground

with wire gauge cross ventilation is preferred.

Light should be adequate in the room.

Sunlight must reach and artificial indoor light should be preferred. There

should be no glare and no sharp shadow.

Kitchen

House must have a separate kitchen with proper drainage system, good

water supply, impervious floor, proper ventilation and outlet for smoke.

Other Requirements

Bathroom privacy

Refuse removal

Floor space: 120 sq. ft. for 2 persons.

A safe and adequate water supply at all Every times.

Places of Temporary Stay 1. Hostels: They must be licensed and are regularly checked. Space per person

should be at least 300 ft2. Adequate number of toilets must be available.

2. Refugee Camps/Tents: There should be proper water supply and first aid

facility available. The camps should be in a single row and there should be

gap distance of atleast 10 feet in between them.

Effects of Poor Housing Respiratory infections: Common cold, tuberculosis, bronchitis etc.

Psychological effects: depression, nervous disorders.

Skin infections: Scabies, ring worm

Rat infections

Arthropods: house flies, mosquitoes.

Morbidity and Mortality:

Skeleton effects i.e., poor development of the body.

Overcrowding It refers to a situation in which more people are living within a single

dwelling than there is a space for, so that movement is restricted, privacy

secluded, hygiene impossible and rest and sleep difficult.

Effects of Overcrowding

Spread of infectious diseases.

Respiratory tract infections.

Irritability, frustration, lack of sleep.

Unhappy life.

Noise Noise is defined as wrong sound in wrong place and at wrong times.

Noise is created when an object vibrates

Air is compressed and expanded forming waves

These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions

Noise waves have frequency and amplitude

Excessive noise can be damaging

Soil It is the upper layer of earth's crust. It is derived from the disintegration of

rocks and decay of animals and plants of all kinds.

Classification 1. Sand

2. Gravel

3. Clay

4. Humus

5. Made soil

Soil and Health

Soil contains spores and bacteria e.g., Spores of anthrax and tetanus and

vibrio cholera, salmonella and dysentery organisms.

Soil also contains worms e.g., E. histolytica.

Soil deficient in Iodine results in Iodine deficient water and resulting goiter

in people of that area, It is called endemic goiter

Due to organic overload, soil is polluted and results in soil dampness,

which is associated with ill health.

Nitrogen cycle

Carbon cycle

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