housing forum_16 march 2016_francesco orsini
TRANSCRIPT
Francesco M. Orsini - [email protected] URBAM - Centro de Estudios Urbanos y Ambientales
www.eafit.edu.co/urbam
HOUSING IN COLOMBIA IN A NUTSHELL:BACKGROUND, CHALLENGES & PRACTICES
Colombia & South Africa: different realities, common challenges and opportunities• Population: 47 millions
54 millions• Urban Pop. 76%
64%• GDP per capita 7.900 US$
6.900 US$• Homicide rate 31/100.000
32/100.000• Gini Index .55 -.60
.60 -.65• Pop. Below poverty line 32%
55%source:
data.WorldBank.org
• Both are part of the CIVETS (emerging countries with dynamic economies, and young growing population)
• Megadiverse regions!
Housing deficit in Colombia & Medellín:
Quantitative and Qualitative historical gap in Colombia:- 1.500.000 quantitative gap- 3.000.000 qualitative gap=> 36/100 families
Additional annual demand:± 250.000 housing solutions Due to new demographic trends & (partially) rural to urban migration
Quantitative and Qualitative gap in Medellin:- 50.000 quantitative gap- 120.000 qualitative gapThis refers to families belonging to #1,2,3 socio-economic strata
Housing policy background in Colombia: towards a country of homeowners
Phase I (1950-1990), a supply driven policy- Home ownership at the base of the strategy: strong mortgage
approach, but…- Only few were able to access credits: less housing than expected
Phase II, ABC Policy (1990): from supply to demand support- Combination of Ahorro (savings), Bono (subsidy) & Credito (credits)
Phase III, the 100.000 Free Housing Policy:
Challenges of the social housing production • Most of new social housing located on cheap peripheral land,
often with little integration to the city • Driven by “political” goals: more quantity, less quality!• Poor architecture and, often, little urban design: poor urban
environment • Relocation frequently implies disruption of social capital• Little attention to social sustainability: livelihoods at risk! No real right to the city: we are seriously risk to produce new
“formal” ghettos
• Fortunately, Colombia also has good examples of social housing, at today ( but still with the replicability challenge).