house of stuart (1603-1714) from king james i to queen anne
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House of Stuart (1603-1714)
From King James I to Queen Anne
The House of Tudor dominated the English
Renaissance 1485-1660.
King Henry VII
King Henry VIIIKing Edward VI
Queen Mary I
Last, but not least . . .
Queen Elizabeth Idied childless 1603, thus opening the door for a new royal house.
King James I (James VI
of Scotland; Elizabeth’s 2nd cousin)
1603-1625
James I: A Dull Man Succeeds a Witty Woman• James lacked Elizabeth’s
ability to resolve critical issues.
• He was a spendthrift; he was thick-tongued and goggle-eyed; he was a foreigner.
But James I tried hard.• Wrote in favor of the divine right
of kings and against tobacco
• A patron of Shakespeare
• Sponsored the new English translation of the Bible
• An admirable man; a peaceful ruler
King Charles I (Son of James I)
1625-1649
The difficulties of James’ reign became
impossibilities to Charles.
•Charles was remote, autocratic, and self-destructive.
Charles I is beheaded in 1649.
Interregnum Oliver Cromwell (Puritan),
“Lord Protector”
1653-1658
Restoration King
Charles II (son of
Charles I)
1660-1685
The end of the English Renaissance is marked
by the return of the exiled king in 1660.
• Political and secular values began to challenge the accepted doctrines of religion.
King James II (Catholic brother
of Charles II) 1685-
1688
• When Charles II died, his brother became James II.
• James II was not well-received because he was Catholic.
• James's second wife gave birth to a son in 1688, and a Roman Catholic dynasty became likely.
In 1688, William and Mary invaded
England to dethrone the unpopular James
II in the Glorious (“Bloodless”) Revolution.
King William III (Houses of Orange & Stuart; Charles II’s cousin) and
Queen Mary II (William’s first cousin; James II’s daughter) 1688-
1702
The Crown was offered to Mary, James’
Protestant daughter, but was accepted
jointly by the two, who ruled as the only joint monarchs in British
history.
Mary II died of smallpox in 1694,
and William III continued to reign
alone until his death in 1702.
Queen Anne (James II’s daughter/Mary II’s
sister)
1702-1714
The Last
Stuart
• Under the Acts of Union 1707, England and Scotland were united as a single state, the Kingdom of Great Britain.
• Anne became its first sovereign, while still holding the title Queen of Ireland.
Anne's reign was marked by the
development of a two-party system: Whig and Tory
The Whig party (short for Whiggamore, originally the name of a Scottish
group that opposed Charles I) favored
reform, the rights of the people, Parliamentary
power, and tolerance for religious dissenters.
The Tory party (from the Irish word for robber) wanted to maintain prerogatives of the
Crown and the authority of the Church of
England.
Anne personally preferred the Tory
Party, but "endured" the
Whigs.
Writers such as Daniel Defoe,
Alexander Pope, and Jonathan Swift flourished during
Anne's reign.
Anne was succeeded by her second cousin,
George I, of the House of Hanover, a descendant of the Stuarts through
his maternal grandmother, Elizabeth,
daughter of James I.
George I (House of Hanover),
great-grandson of James I
1714-1727
Whig dominance grew to be so great under George I that the Tories did not
return to power for another half-
century.