house hold services

Household Services 7

PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH PROCEDURE

Prepared by:Arlyn P. BonifacioTLE 7

PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH PROCEDURE

SAFETY MEASURES IN DOING HOUSEHOLD TASKSHousekeeping – is not just cleanliness. It includes keeping work areas neat and orderly; maintaining halls and floors free of slip and trip hazards; and removing of waste materials (e.g., paper, cardboard) and other fire hazards from work areas.

Safe Use – Risks can vary greatly. What important is, whoever has to use any tool or piece of equipment as part of their job does so with care.

Material Handling Safety – Handling material is a daily function in the Workplace. All to often it is a task for granted, with little knowledge of or Attention to the consequences if done incorrectly.

The National Safety Council offers tips on the following:Power Lifting – Protect Yourself1. Use the correct hand protection; wear gloves to prevent cuts.

2. Wear safety shoes to prevent injury to your feet from a dropped item.Size up the Load

1. Determine if you can carry a load comfortably; tip it on its side.2. Get help if the load is too big or bulky for one person3. Check for nails, splinters, rough strapping, and rough edges.

Lift it right1. Make sure your footing is solid.2. Keep your back straight, with no curving or slouching.Center your body over your feet.3. Get a good grasp on the object and pull it close to you.4. Lift with your legs, not your back.

5. Move your feet to turn. Don’t twist your back.


HAZARDS AND RISK AND ITS EFFECTSTypes of Hazards

Physical hazardsThe most hazards and are present in most workplaces at some time.

Chemical hazardsPresent when you exposed to any chemical preparation (solid, liquid, gas) in the workplace.

Noise hazardsExcessive noise can disrupt concentration, interfere with Communication & result in loss of hearing.

Biological hazardsThese include insects, bacteria, Fungi, plants, worms, animals and viruses.

Ergonomic hazardsOccur when the type of work you do, your body position and/or your working conditions put a strain on your body.

Other hazardsThese include stress, fatigue, the effects of shift work, and even assaults from other people.


SAFETY REGULATIONS

The Clean Air Act is the constitutional law designed to make sure that all Filipinos have air that is safe to breath.Public health protection is the primary goal, though the law also seeks to protect our environment from damage caused by air pollution.

Republic Act No. 8749 – known as the Philippine Clean Air Act, a landmark legislation setting a comprehensive air quality management policy and program which aims to achieve and maintain healthy air for all the people in the Philippines.

1. The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999

2. Waste ManagementWaste management is an industry which revolves around the collection, storage, and disposal of waste, ranging from ordinary household waste to the waste generated at nuclear power plants.


Types of WastesLiquid Type -

Waste can come in nonsolid form. Some solid wastes can be converted to a liquid waste form for disposal. It includes point source and nonpoint source discharges such as storm water and wastewater. Ex. Wash water from homes, liquids used for cleaning in industries, and waste detergents.

Solid TypeSolid waste predominantly, is any garbage, refuse or rubbish that we make in our homes and other places. These include old car tires, old newspaper, broken furniture, and even food waste. They may include any waste that is nonliquid


Types of SolidMunicipal solidwaste

This consists of household waste, construction and demolition debris, sanitation residue, and waste from streets. This garbage is generated mainly from residential and commercial complexes.

Hazardous wasteIndustrial and hospital wastes are considered hazardous as they may contain toxic substances. Certain types of household waste are also hazardous. Hazardous wastes could be highly toxic to humans, animals, and plants; are corrosive, highly inflammable, or explosive; and react when exposed to certain things e.g., gases.

Hazardous wasteIndustrial and hospital wastes are considered hazardous as they may contain toxic substances. Certain types of household waste are also hazardous. Hazardous wastes could be highly toxic to humans, animals, and plants; are corrosive, highly inflammable, or explosive; and react when exposed to certain things e.g., gases.

Hospital WasteThis is generated during the diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human of human beings or animals or in research activities these fields or in the production or testing of biological waste. It may include wastes like soiled wastes, disposables, anatomical wastes, cultures, discarded medicines, chemical wastes and others.

Hazardous TypeHazardous or harmful wastes are those that potentially threaten public health or the environment. Such wastes could be inflammable (can easily catch fire), reactive (can easily explode), corrosive (can easily heat away through metal), or toxic (poisonous to human & animals.

Organic TypeOrganic wastes come from plants or animals. Commonly, they include food waste, fruit and vegetable peels, flower trimmings, and even dog poop can be classified as organic waste. They are biodegrable. (This means they are easily broken down by other organisms over time and turned into manure).

Recyclable TypeRecycling is processing used materials (waste) into new, useful products.


Different categories of waste generated, each takes its own time to degenerate

Organic Waste: kitchen wastes, vegetables, flowers, leaves, fruits

Toxic Waste: old medicines, paints, chemicals, bulbs, spray cans, fertilizers, and pesticide containers, batteries, shoe polish

Recycle: paper, glass, metals, plastics

Soiled: hospital waste such as cloth soiled with blood and other body fluid.


CLASSIFICATION OF WASTES ACCORDING TO THEIR PROPERTIES

Biodegradable - capable of being decomposed by biological agents, especially bacteria (paper, wood, fruits, and others.

Nonbiodegradable - not capable of being decomposed by biological agents (plastics, bottles, old machines, cans, Styrofoam containers, and others)


CLASSIFICATION OF WASTES ACCORDING TO THEIR EFFECT ON HUMAN HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT

Hazardous waste- These are wastes that possess substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment

Nonhazardous wastes - These are substances that are safe to use commercially, industrially, agriculturally, or economically that are shipped, transported to, or brought from the country of origin for dumping or disposal in, or in transit through, any part of the territory.


PROCESS FLOW OF WASTE MANAGEMENT

Reduce - to buy less and use less.Reuse- involves the return of a waste material either to the originating process as a substitute for an input material or to another process as an input material.

The R’s are meant to be a hierarchy, in order of importance

Recycle- discards are separated into materials that may be incorporated into new products.Recover- to reclaim from a bad state, practice.Disposal- to get rid of something.


Disaster Preparedness and ManagementDisaster management is the discipline of dealing with and avoiding risks. It is a discipline that involves preparing, supporting and rebuilding when natural or human-made disaster occur.

TYPES OF DISASTERSNatural Disaster – an event with a natural, as opposed to human, cause that results in large-scale loss of life or damage to property.

Environmental emergencies – “sudden-onset disaster or accidents resulting from natural, technological, or human-induced factors, or a combination of these, that causes or threatens to cause severe environmental damage as well as loss of human lives and property

Complex emergencies – are situations of disrupted livelihoods and threats to life produced by warfare, civil disturbance, and large scale movements of people

Pandemic emergencies – epidemic situations (infectious illnesses) that spread across the globe affecting every continent rather than being confined to one geographic area.


Emergency-related Drills and Training

FIRE SAFETYFire safety refers to precautions that are taken to prevent or reduce the likelihood of a fire that may result in death, injury, or property damage, alert those in a structure to the presence of uncontrolled fire in the event one occurs, better enable those threatened by a fire to survive in a evacuate from affected areas, or to reduce the damage caused by a fire.


CAUSES OF FIREElectrical wiring, electrical outlets, and faulty wiring.An electrical outlet or a short circuit in the wall, many fires are caused by electrical wiring.AppliancesLamps, toasters, and even baby monitors can short out. Be careful particularly with older appliances and extension cords.

Unattended stovesAnother cause of residential fires is cooking, but not due to defective stoves or ovens. But it is because of unattended pots or the burner being left accidentally.

Children playing with matchesAre major source of home fires. Matches and lighters in the hands of young children are a significant factor in fire fatalities.

Incendiarism (Arson)This pertains to the malicious burning of property, using certain chemicals, bombs, and others, and causing a fire to start.

Open flamesUnattended burning candles or kerosene lamps that are placed near flammable/combustible material is a fire waiting to happen.

Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG)A liquid inside the container, but immediately transform to the gaseous state when released. Defective LPG tanks and regulators are a leading cause of fire.FireworksThese are beautiful pyrotechnic displays resulting from the occurrence of certain oxidation, reduction and reactions.

Static electricityInvolves the movement of electrons between two objects in contact with each other. Electrical charges are produced on the objects when they are separated.

SmokingCareless smoking especially in bed is a leading cause of fire in the homes.


FIRE DRILLS

A fire drill is a method of practicing the evacuation of a building for a fire or other emergency.

CREATE A SAFETY COMMITTEEPROVIDE EVACUATION INFORMATION TO ALL EMPLOYEES BEFORE DRILLS BEGIN

Develop several fire drill scenarios to assist with evacuation preparedness

Conduct regular fire drills, but do not overdo it.


FIRST AID

First aid refers to the immediate, direct treatment of an injured person usually administered by a layperson, and performed within a limited skill range.

ABCs’ First AidAirway – Does the person have an unobstructed airway?

Breathing – is the person breathing?.

Circulation – Does the person show a pulse at major pulse points (wrist, carotid artery, and groin)?