HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES

MADE BY- GROUP 6VISHAKHAVARDHA KHANVAISHALI CHOUDHARYUTTAKARSHA ARORAYOGITA JOSHI

MADE BY- GROUP 6

House hold Electrical Gadgets

Appliances-electrical or mechanical-that are used for household functions are termed as household appliances.These can be classified into two categories:

Major appliances(AC,Refigerators,Washing Machines)

Minor appliances(TV,Mixers,Water Pumps Etc)

REFRIGERATOR

Components of a Refrigerator

There are five basic parts to any refrigerator Compressor Heat-exchanging pipes - serpentine or coiled set of pipes outside the unit Expansion valve Heat-exchanging pipes - serpentine or coiled set of pipes inside the unit Refrigerant - liquid that evaporates inside the refrigerator to create the cold temperatures

Good Operating Practices

Don't put the refrigerator near a heat source - an oven, the dishwasher or direct sunlight from a window.

Make sure air can circulate around the condenser coils. Leave a space between the wall or cabinets.

Keep your refrigerator's coils clean. Brushing or vacuuming the coils can improve efficiency by as much as 30 percent.

Check door seals to make sure they are airtight. To test them, close the door on a dollar bill and try to pull it out. If the dollar slides out easily, kiss that dollar away because you're wasting energy and money by letting cold air leak out!

Water Heaters

Water heating is the third largest energy expense in your home. It typically accounts for about 14% of your utility bill.

A family of four, each showering for 5 minutes a day, uses 700 gallons of water a week; this is enough for a 3-year supply of drinking water for one person.

KNOWING ABOUT CIRCUITS...

Potential Causes of a High Electric Bill

•High parasitic loads. •Meter read wrong. •The addition of major appliance. •Additional occupants. •Faulty appliances (pump or thermostat). •Seasonal appliances (pool pump, heat tape). •Bad connection causing leakage to ground. •Duelling thermostats.

CHANGING SCENARIO OF LAMPS

Incorporating VSDS into applications such as fans, pumps, and air compressors can reduce energy usage up to 50 % at partial loads by matching motor speed to the changing load and system requirements. •When an AC motor starts, it draws an inrush of as much as 300 % of rated current while developing only 50 % of rated torque. •When a VSD starts a motor, it applies a very low frequency and very low voltage to the motor, gradually ramping up the frequency and voltage at a controlled rate. This allows the motor to develop 150 % torque while drawing only 50 % of rated current. •The energy savings achieved by the variable speed drives can result in the investment to install drives being recovered in as little as a few months.

Use of a Variable Speed Drives •The VSDS in motor control could further improve energy saving. The motors of pumps, fans and air compressor represent an important item of energy consumption in the plant.

Minimize Lossesthrough Conductors

•The losses through the conductors (for example, cables, bus bars) could be reduced by installing slightly larger size conductors since larger size conductors have lower impedance. •Typical conductor losses are 1.5%. •The losses in the conductor can be calculated as well. For example, cable resistance is 0.0984 Ω/ km, while the estimated cable length is 160 m which means that resistance is 0.0157 Ω. •Cable losses can be obtained by the I2R formula.

Lighting

Lighting energy use can be substantially reduced by:

•Day Lighting •Installing efficient lighting devices such as LED, CF, and fluorescent lights). •Task Lighting •Controls: Developing habits of turning off lights when not needed (or using motion, heat or light sensors to control when lights are on or off).

Lifestyle and Lighting Lights that are on in unoccupied spaces do no one any good, and waste electricity, money, and cause environmental damage. Develop good habits by using lights only when and where they are needed. Also rethink the need for outside lighting at night. Studies show most neighborhoods are equally safe without extensive lighting. Outside lighting also creates “light pollution,” reducing the ability to enjoy the night sky, and negatively impacts wildlife, and even plants.

Lifestyle and Lighting

Place most used rooms in the daytime on the south side. Provide light from two or more sides of the room. Open curtains and shades in the heating season. Light-colored surfaces reflect light better (walls and ceilings).

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Day Lighting

•Save energy and reduce peak demand. •Cut maintenance costs by increasing lamp life. •Integrate daylight and electric light with control systems/photocells. •Increase productivity in building with personalized control in private areas. –Simplest and cheapest strategy; turn off the lights manually when not in use. –Heat sensors (occupancy). –Motion sensors (occupancy). –Light sensors (for outdoors). –Dimmers.

Lighting Controls

•Energy Star rated CF’s must meet higher standards and will last longer •Choose the right size (follow recommendations) •Choose the right color (daylight, cool white, warm white) for your application (try one and see if you like it)

How to Choose Your CF bulbs?

The Three R’s...

The Three “R”s

•The three ‘R’s are ‘Reduce’, ‘Reuse’ and

‘Recycle’.

•‘Reduce’ is the main part being targeted with the aim of reducing consumption of energy and resources. And by virtue of reduced consumption, there is also less waste being generated which needs to be disposed of.

•Next is ‘Reuse’ which is targeted for waste materials which are unavoidable by-products of industrial processes or human consumption. Waste materials which cannot be reused will be recycled.

•Among the three,Recycling is the least emphasized because after substantially reducing consumption, and reusing the wastes and by-products, there would be very little left to recycle. Moreover, recycling is not completely an environmental friendly process because it requires energy to convert it into another form.

Energy Guides

Energy Guides labels be placed on all new refrigerators, freezers, water heaters, dishwashers, clothes washers, room air conditioners, heat pumps, furnaces, and boilers.

EnergyGuide labels show the estimated yearly electricity consumption to operate the product along with a scale for comparison among similar products

BEE star energy efficiency labels

WHAT IS STAR LABELING

An energy-efficiency rating scheme for Electricalappliances/Buildings . The rating will grade Equipments/ Buildings on theirenergy efficiency, starting from one star for the leastenergy-efficient, and going upto five stars, for the mostenergy-efficient. Star Labels have been created to standardize theenergy efficiency ratings of different electricalappliances and indicate energy consumption understandard test conditions.

STAR LABELING OF EQUIPMENTSThe Bureau of Energy Efficiency has developed a scheme for energyefficiency labelingof equipments,in MAY2006.

Under this scheme, the following equipments have been star rated. 1. FrostFree (No-Frost) refrigerator ***2. Tubular FluorescentLamps ***3. RoomAirConditioners ***4. DirectCoolRefrigerator5. Distribution Transformer ***6. Induction Motors7. Pump Sets8. CeilingFans9. LPGStoves10.ElectricGeysers11.ColourTV

OBJECTIVES OF STAR LABELING

To provide information on energy performanceso that consumers can make informed decisionswhilepurchasing appliances To make aware the consumer about the energysaving potential among the availableproducts The cost saving potential of the marketedhousehold andother equipments To create a demand in the market for EnergyEfficient equipments.

Energy Efficient Appliances •Focus on majors appliances such as refrigerators, freezers, cook stoves, dishwashers, televisions, stereos, computers, washing machines, clothes dryers, air conditioners, and microwaves.

So....•Choose an energy efficient appliance when you purchase it, and then operate it as efficiently as possible.

Energy Efficient Appliances

Thank you