hot gas and outflows of nearby normal galaxies
DESCRIPTION
Hot Gas and Outflows of Nearby Normal Galaxies. Q. Daniel Wang (UMass). Most of present galaxies are not nuclear starbursters Phenomena that would be otherwise overwhelmed Disk/halo interaction Bulge wind driven by Type Ia SNe Accretion from the IGM - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Hot Gas and Outflows of Nearby Normal Galaxies
Q. Daniel Wang (UMass)
• Most of present galaxies are not nuclear starbursters
• Phenomena that would be otherwise overwhelmed– Disk/halo interaction– Bulge wind driven by Type Ia SNe– Accretion from the IGM
Subtle, but enduring strongly affect the evolution of galaxies
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ROSAT all-sky survey (3/4-keV band)
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Absorption Sight Lines
No detection X-ray binaryAGN
Yao & Wang 2005
Wang et al. 2005
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Ionization fraction
Assuming CIE and solar abundances
OVI
OVIIIOVII
Ne IX
Ne VIII
Ne IX
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Also detection of OVII K,
K,and OVIII K linesMean T ~ 106.3+/-0.2 KnH~3.4x10-3 cm-3
(assuming filling factor =1)
Ne IX K absorption lines in LMXB
spectra
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Hot gas disk model
nH = 5.0(-1.8,+2.6)x10-3 cm-3exp[-|z|/1.2(-0.5,+0.7) kpc]
Total NH~1.6 x1019 cm-2
X-ray absorption is primarily around the Galactic disk within a few kpc!
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MRK 421
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Mkn 421 3C 273
LETG/ACIS
LETG/HRC
Differential X-ray absorption line spectroscopy
Depth:
NH =n d
=(3-11) x1019 cm-2
n2 d ~ 2x10-2 cm-6 pc
d ~ 5 kpc
Doppler broadening:
b=31-46 km/s
for Mrk 421
b=120 (80-204) km/s
for 3C 273
Wang & Yao 2005
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Summary: Galactic hot gas disk
•Vertical scale ~ 1-3 kpc•Mean temperature ~ 106.2 K•density ~ 3 x 10-3 cm-3
•Metal abundance ~ solar
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NGC 3556: optical vs. X-ray
Red – optical
Green – 0.3-1.5 keV band
Blue – 1.5-7 keV band
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NGC 3556: radio vs. X-ray
Wang et al. 2003
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Sb galaxy NGC 4565
William McLaughlin (ARGO Cooperative Observatory)
Red – optical
Green – 0.3-1.5 keV band
Blue – 1.5-7 keV band
Wang (2004)
Very low specific SFR
No sign for any outflows from the disk in radio and optical
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No correlation with radio!
•Lx ~ 3 x 1039 erg/s
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NGC 4594: X-ray vs. optical
ACIS-S 0.3-1.5 keV intensity contours
Diffuse 0.3-1.5 keV intensity contours
H ring
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NGC 4594:X-ray
spectraPoint source
Inner bulge
Outer bulge
disk
•Average T ~ 6 x 106 K
•Slight softening in the disk and in the outer bulge
•Strong Fe –L complex
•Lx ~ 4 x 1039 erg/s NGC 4631
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Missing stellar feedback in early-type disk galaxies
• For NGC 4594, hot gas radiative cooling rate ~ 2% of LSN ~ 2.4 x 1041 ergs/s from Type Ia SNe alone
• Not much cool gas to hide or convert the SN energy
• Mass and metals are also missing!– Mass input rate of evolved stars
~ 1.3 Msun/yr– Each Type Ia SN 0.7 Msun Fe
Gone with the wind!
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Bulge wind model
• Spherical, steady, and adiabatic • NFW Dark matter halo + stellar bulge• Energy and mass input follows the
stellar light distribution• CIE plasma emission• Implemented in XSPEC for both
projected spectral and radial surface brightness analyses
Li & Wang 2004
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Data vs model
Consistent with the expected total mass loss and SN rates as well as the Fe abundance of ~ 4 x solar!
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The best-fit model density and temperature profiles of the bulge
wind
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Outflow-inflow interaction
NGC 3379: ram-pressure confined galactic wind?
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Conclusion
• At least two components of diffuse hot gas:– Disk – driven by massive star formation– Bulge – heated primarily by Type-Ia SNe
• There is so far little evidence for X-ray emission or absorption from IGM accretion halos. But there are indications from the interaction with other gaseous components.