host plant affiliation of xylem-feeders within central …...host plant affiliation of xylem-feeders...

Host plant affiliation of

xylem-feeders within

Central Europe

Anna Markheiser, Michael MaixnerJulius Kühn-Institut (JKI) –

Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Siebeldingen, Germany

2European Conference on Xylella fastidiosa 2019: how research can support solutions

SITUATION IN WINEGROWING AREASPALATINATE, DE

Jelkmann, 2014

P. dulcis orchard

wild vegetation

vineyard

JKI Siebeldingen, Geilweilerhof


orchard vineyard wild vegetation

gro

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P. spumariusN. campestrisA. alniC. vulnerataE. interruptusC. viridis


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SITUATION IN WINEGROWING AREASPALATINATE, DE (SIEBELDINGEN, 2019)

P. spumarius N. campestris A. alni C. vulnerata E. interruptus C. viridisImages: Maixner, Markheiser

Philaenus spumariusNeophilaenus campestrisAphrophora alniCercopis vulnerataEvacanthus interruptusCicadella viridis


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n=30x5 (ground)n=10x5 (tree canopy)n=30x5 (vine canopy)

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/8514686766653073/

https://www.google.de/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shutterstock.com%2Fsearch%2Fcherry%2Bblossom%2Btree%2Bsilhouette&psig=AOvVaw3XZ9HrmYxjkU0de7GT_dLp&ust=1572005112640592

http://www.google.de/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwigos247rTlAhXByKQKHbvNDeQQjRx6BAgBEAQ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fclipart-library.com%2Fclip-art%2Fcreepy-forest-silhouette-20.htm&psig=AOvVaw3XZ9HrmYxjkU0de7GT_dLp&ust=1572005112640592


Albersweiler Burrweiler Geilweilerhof Göcklingen

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species

P. spumariusN. campestrisA. alniC. vulnerataE. interruptusC. viridisC. viridis (N)


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XYLEM-FEEDER DIVERSITY IN DEVINEYARDS, PALATINATE (2019)



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nymphs

n=30x5 (ground)n=30x5 (vine canopy)






Dossenheim Geilweilerhof Göcklingen

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XYLEM-FEEDER DIVERSITY IN DEPRUNUS SPP. ORCHARDS, PALATINATE (2019)

Prunus avium Prunus dulcis Prunus spp.

nymphs



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A. alni and C. viridis pose beside P. spumarius andN. campestris the highest risk for potential X. fastidiosa

transmission within cultivated areas.

n=30x5 (ground)n=10x5 (tree canopy)





HOST PLANT ACCEPTANCE OF CANDIDATE VECTORSSURVIVAL ON X. FASTIDIOSA HOST PLANTS

Prunus avium Prunus dulcis Vitis vinifera

a

ab

b

c

a

a

b

a

a

a

b

a,b,c: signifikant differences between insect species according to Cox Proportional hazard model


Quantification of xylem-ingestion:

P. spumarius, N. campestris and C. viridis

FEEDING-ACTIVITY OF CANDIDATE VECTORSELECTRICAL PENETRATION GRAPH (EPG)

Markheiser 2018 Markheiser 2018

P. spumarius onP. dulcis

EPG system

Cornara et al. 2018, PlosOne

6 waveforms characterized for P. spumarius

Differences in duration of Xi among host plants observed for P. spumarius (Markheiser et al. 2019, Entomologia Generalis)


P. spumarius N. campestris C. viridis

P. d

ulc

isP

. aviu

mV

. vin

ifera

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

0

25

50

75

100

0

25

50

75

100

0

25

50

75

100

time [h]

dura

tion [

%]

(mean)

waveform np C Xc Xi N R

FEEDING-ACTIVITY OF XYLEM-FEEDERSELECTRICAL PENETRATION GRAPH (EPG)

N=12 N=12

N=28

N=6

N=30

N=8

N=24 N=18

N=4

preliminary results

♂:♀ = 1:1


P. d

ulc

isP

. aviu

mV

. vin

ifera

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

0

25

50

75

100

0

25

50

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100

0

25

50

75

100

time [h]

dura

tion [

%]

(mean)



P. d

ulc

isP

. aviu

mV

. vin

ifera

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

0

25

50

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100

0

25

50

75

100

0

25

50

75

100

time [h]

dura

tion [

%]

(mean)



P. d

ulc

isP

. aviu

mV

. vin

ifera

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

0

25

50

75

100

0

25

50

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100

0

25

50

75

100

time [h]

dura

tion [

%]

(mean)


High duration of Xi → high risk of X. fastidiosa acquisition


◼ P. spumarius, N. campestris, A. alni and C. viridis show the

highest potential to spread X. fastidiosa

→ Random inspection of these candidate vectors for presence of X. fastidiosa

◼ C. viridis is in contrast to A. alni associated to the ground level

→ Feeding activity in xylem vessel confirmed

→ May rather act as a vector of X. fastidiosa for suckers/seedlings

CONCLUSION –RISKS FOR VINEYARDS AND PRUNUS ORCHARDS IN DE

spittlebugs froghoppers sharpshooters

P.

spum

ari

us

N.

cam

pestr

is

N.

lineatu

s

L.

cole

optr

ata

A.

aln

i

A.

salicin

a

A m

ajo

r

C.

vuln

era

ta

C.

sanguin

ole

nta

H.

dors

ata

E.

accum

inatis

E.

inte

ruptu

s

C.

vir

idis

G.

fennahi

X X X (X) X (X) (X) X X (X) (X) X X (X) wild vegetation

X X X X X X (X) Prunus sp. orchard

X X X X (X) X ( X) (X) X vineyard

This studies have been funded by

the Horizon 2020 project

XF-ACTORS (Ref 727987)

… JKI, Epidemiology

… Dr. Michael Maixner… Sandra Biancu… Sanela Kugler… Dunja Kröhner… Yvonne Kappel

… CSIC, ICA

… Prof. Dr. Alberto Fereres… Dr. Daniele Cornara

host plant affiliation of xylem-feeders within central …...host plant affiliation of xylem-feeders...

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