horticulture of herbs - growing at risk medicinals in the midwest

7/27/2019 Horticulture of Herbs - Growing at risk Medicinals in the Midwest

1/22

Jane Hawley Stevens

Four Elements Organic HerbalsNorth Freedom, WI.

UPS conference 2013

Horticulture of Herbs:Growing At-Risk Herbs in theMidwest

Jane Hawley Stevens

Four Elements Organic

Herbals

North Freedom, WI.


2/22

Woodland Plants-

taken from the UPS at risk list

American Ginseng, Panex cinquefolius

Goldenseal, Hydrastis canadensis

Bloodroot, Sanguinaria canadensis

Black Cohosh, Actaea racemosa

Blue Cohosh, Caulophyllum thalicroides

Trillium spp.

Maidenhair Fern , Adiantum pendatum Pipsissewa, Chimphila umbellata

Spikenard, Aralia racemosa

Turkey Corn, Dicentra canadensis

Mayapple, Podophyllum peltatum

Goldthread, Coptis trifolia

Slippery Elm, Ulmnus rubra

Rhamnus cathartica

American Ginseng - PanaxquinquefoliusBloodroot - SanguinariacanadensisBlack Cohosh - Actaea racemosaL.Blue Cohosh - CaulophyllumthalictroidesEchinacea - Echinaceaspp.Eyebright - Euphrasia spp.False UnicornRoot - Chamaelirium luteumGoldenseal -Hydrastis canadensisLadys Slipper Orchid -

Cypripedium spp.Lomatium - LomatiumdissectumOsha - Ligusticum porteri, L.spp.Peyote - LophophorawilliamsiiSandalwood - Santalum spp.(Hawaii only)Slippery Elm - UlmusrubraSundew - Drosera spp.Trillium, BethRoot -Trillium spp.True Unicorn - AletrisfarinosaVenus Fly Trap - DionaeamuscipulaVirginina Snakeroot - Aristolochia

serpentariaWild Yam - Dioscorea villosa, D
http://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/326-Species-at-Risk-American-Ginsenghttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/428-Bloodroothttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/428-Bloodroothttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/432-Black-Cohoshhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/432-Black-Cohoshhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/432-Black-Cohoshhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/426-Echinaceahttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/426-Echinaceahttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/426-Echinaceahttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/327-Species-at-Risk-Goldenseal%22%20target=%22_tophttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/426-Echinaceahttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/327-Species-at-Risk-Goldenseal%22%20target=%22_tophttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/363-Lady-Slipperhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/363-Lady-Slipperhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/363-Lady-Slipperhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/363-Lady-Slipperhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/363-Lady-Slipperhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/363-Lady-Slipperhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/363-Lady-Slipperhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/363-Lady-Slipperhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/363-Lady-Slipperhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/438-Slippery-Elmhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/363-Lady-Slipperhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/363-Lady-Slipperhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/363-Lady-Slipperhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/363-Lady-Slipperhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/363-Lady-Slipperhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/363-Lady-Slipperhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/363-Lady-Slipperhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/363-Lady-Slipperhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/363-Lady-Slipperhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/363-Lady-Slipperhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/363-Lady-Slipperhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/363-Lady-Slipperhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/363-Lady-Slipperhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/363-Lady-Slipperhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/363-Lady-Slipperhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/363-Lady-Slipperhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/363-Lady-Slipperhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/363-Lady-Slipperhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/363-Lady-Slipperhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/363-Lady-Slipperhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/363-Lady-Slipperhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/363-Lady-Slipperhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/363-Lady-Slipperhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/327-Species-at-Risk-Goldenseal%22%20target=%22_tophttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/327-Species-at-Risk-Goldenseal%22%20target=%22_tophttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/327-Species-at-Risk-Goldenseal%22%20target=%22_tophttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/327-Species-at-Risk-Goldenseal%22%20target=%22_tophttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/327-Species-at-Risk-Goldenseal%22%20target=%22_tophttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/327-Species-at-Risk-Goldenseal%22%20target=%22_tophttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/426-Echinaceahttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/426-Echinaceahttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/426-Echinaceahttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/426-Echinaceahttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/426-Echinaceahttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/426-Echinaceahttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/426-Echinaceahttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/426-Echinaceahttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/426-Echinaceahttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/426-Echinaceahttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/426-Echinaceahttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/426-Echinaceahttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/426-Echinaceahttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/426-Echinaceahttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/432-Black-Cohoshhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/432-Black-Cohoshhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/432-Black-Cohoshhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/432-Black-Cohoshhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/432-Black-Cohoshhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/432-Black-Cohoshhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/432-Black-Cohoshhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/432-Black-Cohoshhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/432-Black-Cohoshhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/432-Black-Cohoshhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/432-Black-Cohoshhttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/428-Bloodroothttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/428-Bloodroothttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/428-Bloodroothttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/428-Bloodroothttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/428-Bloodroothttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/428-Bloodroothttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/326-Species-at-Risk-American-Ginsenghttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/326-Species-at-Risk-American-Ginsenghttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/326-Species-at-Risk-American-Ginsenghttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/326-Species-at-Risk-American-Ginsenghttp://www.unitedplantsavers.org/content.php/326-Species-at-Risk-American-Ginseng


3/22

Woodland Plants from Seed

Seeds, developed insidefruits, take a few yearsto germinate.

Remove germination-inhibiting fruits fromseeds

Stratify for 2 years in

refrigerator. These plants like around

80% shade

Goldenseal

Ginseng

Blue Cohosh

Black Cohosh Spikenard


4/22

Prairie Plants/

Wetlands

usually grow wellfrom seed

Wild Indigo, Baptisia tinctora

Butterfly Weed, Asclepias tuberosa

Gentian, Gentiana spp.

Goldthread, Coptis trifolia

Arnica spp. Echinacea spp.

Lobelia spp.

Turkey Corn, Dicentra canadensis


5/22

Edge Species

Wild Yam

Ladies Slipper

Virginia Snakeroot Mayapple

Partridgeberry

Cultivated Wild YamDioscorea villosa


6/22

Out of our Range

Sandalwood,

Kava, Piper methysticum

Lomatium

Osha

Cascara sagrada, Frangula purshiana

Chaparro, Castela emory Elephant tree, Bursera microphylla

Oregon Grape, Mahonia spp.

Aralia racemosa, A californica

White Sage, Salvia apiana

Yerba Mansa, Anemopsis californica

Pinkroot, Spegalia marilandica Stoneroot, Collinsonia canadensis

Stream Orchid, Epipactis gigantea

Peyote


7/22

We will cover:

Starting seeds, taking cuttings, dividing perennials, site selection, soil improvement,

various tricks of the trade and then take cuttings.


8/22

Freshness and quality

You know the species istrue to type, usually.

Quality control

You can harvest at peak

potency

You really get to knowthe plants, Grow it to

Know it

Why growyour own?


9/22

Soil Fertility

Add organic matter; addswater holding capacity tolight, sandy soils, and addsair to heavy, clay soils.

Use cover crops whenever

possible. Buckwheat, Oats, Alfalfa,

Dutch red clover, winter ryeand vetch.

Aged manure should beadded100 days beforeharvest.

Can add a bit of compost toeach hole at transplantingtime.


10/22

Starting Seeds

Start 6 -8 weeks beforetransplanting time

Use a sterile medium Pot up when seedlings

get large enough tohandle Plants are ready to go

when roots show out thebottom of pot

Harden off beforeplanting in field Make sure and put a date

on the label.


11/22

Taking Cuttings

Use a very sharp knife

Take cuttings from juvenilegrowth not too woody, not toosoft.

Cuttings are 4-6 inches

Remove bottom leaves Use a light medium like 2 parts

perlite to 1 part peat

Make a hole with a stick beforeplacing cutting in.

Carefully place cutting inmedium

Keep very humid for about aweek, slowly acclimate.

When roots are developed, pot

into your potting mix.


12/22


13/22

Transplanting into Field

Make sure plants arehardened off

Cool, overcast, still dayideal

Plant is straight rows foreasier cultivation

Water in immediatelyafter planting

Can pick microclimates toaccommodate differentplant requirements

Make sure plants are hardened offCool, overcast, still day ideal

Plant in straight rows for easier

cultivationWater in immediately after planting

Can pick microclimates to accommodate

different plant requirements


14/22

Black Cohosh

Cimicifugaracemosa

Woodland herbs

planted underthe shade ofHickory Trees:

Goldenseal

Wild Yam

Black Cohosh

Solomons Seal

SITE SELECTION


15/22

Your

efforts payoff with

incredible

harvests-

3 year

Astragaluscrop


16/22

Burdock

Poke Root

Bupleurum

Balloon Flower

Wild Yam


17/22

D

Dried HerbsThe Still Room

Store herbs in a darkplace in airtightcontainers.

Colored glass or tinswork well.

Identify plant name,date and lot numberon label.


18/22


19/22

Janes Gardening Tips b Start slow growing or cool season plants

first, usually around Valentines Day. b

Stratify some perennial seeds in refrigerator, ifthey have not been treated yet.

b Use heat mats then lights to conserve on

space and boost germination. b

Root cuttings in a mixture of 1 part peat to 2

parts perlite b Move

plants outside to harden off before planting,

preferable on a still, overcast day.

b Be attentive of days till harvest for annual

vegetables. Some crops can be planted every

week or 2 for continual harvest.


20/22

b Let annuals re-seed in same place for up to 3years to conserve energy!

(Like dill, cilantro, chamomile and calendulaeven

lettuce will) b Harvestflowers every couple days, to twice a week.

b Keep sowing seeds on beneficial days

throughout the season.

b Heavily mulch perennials! You can usecardboard under the mulch for extra re-

enforcement. Realize that even with the best of

care, perennial areas may need to be replanted

every 3-5 years to reduce weed pressure.

b Soil improvement is key. Keep addingorganic matter yearly. Occasionally take soil out of

production and cover crop.

More Gardening Tips


21/22

.

Lets preserve

Nature with its

beauty andhealing for the

future

generations!


22/22

Four Elements

Herbal Teas

Contain:Nettles

Basswood Flowers

Sumac Berries

Mullein

And more

horticulture of herbs - growing at risk medicinals in the midwest

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