horticultural classification weedweed –a misplaced plant! in england, certain daisies are...
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Horticultural ClassificationHorticultural Classification
• WeedWeed– A misplaced plant!A misplaced plant!
• In England, certain daisies are considered a In England, certain daisies are considered a weed and here in the U.S., we cultivate themweed and here in the U.S., we cultivate them
• Previously, sunflowers were considered a Previously, sunflowers were considered a weed in the U.S. and now they are a major weed in the U.S. and now they are a major agronomic crop!agronomic crop!
Horticultural ClassificationHorticultural Classification
• WeedWeed– InvasiveInvasive: a plant introduced to an area : a plant introduced to an area
where it displaces the native vegetation where it displaces the native vegetation in an aggressive mannerin an aggressive manner
• ExoticExotic: a non-native plant, and not : a non-native plant, and not necessarily an invasive or weedy necessarily an invasive or weedy plant!plant!
KudzuKudzu
Introduced in 1876 at the Centennial exposition in Philadelphia, PA.Introduced in 1876 at the Centennial exposition in Philadelphia, PA.Promoted by the US Soil Conservation Service during the 1930’s -Promoted by the US Soil Conservation Service during the 1930’s -They actually paid people to plant it!They actually paid people to plant it!
Horticultural ClassificationHorticultural Classification
• Botanical System of Plant ClassificationBotanical System of Plant Classification
– Based in the belief that plants evolved from Based in the belief that plants evolved from a single organisma single organism
– All plants are somehow relatedAll plants are somehow related
Horticultural ClassificationHorticultural Classification• Domain (a new classification!)Domain (a new classification!)
KingdomKingdom DivisionDivision ClassClass OrderOrder FamilyFamily GenusGenus
SpeciesSpecies
Horticultural ClassificationHorticultural Classification• 3 Domains:3 Domains:
– 1. Eukarya 1. Eukarya • a. Kingdom Animaliaa. Kingdom Animalia• b. Kingdom Plantaeb. Kingdom Plantae• c. Kingdom Fungic. Kingdom Fungi• d. Protists (certain algae, protozoans, slime molds d. Protists (certain algae, protozoans, slime molds
having cell organelles)having cell organelles)
– 2.2. BacteriaBacteria (prokaryotes in multiple kingdoms) (prokaryotes in multiple kingdoms)
– 3. Archaea3. Archaea (prokaryotes that live in Earth’s (prokaryotes that live in Earth’s extreme environments. These also are in extreme environments. These also are in multiple kingdoms)multiple kingdoms)
Horticultural ClassificationHorticultural Classification• 5 Major Divisions of Plantae:5 Major Divisions of Plantae:
– 1. Pterophyta = ferns1. Pterophyta = ferns
– 2. Cycadophyta = cycads2. Cycadophyta = cycads
– 3. Ginkgophyta = ginkgos3. Ginkgophyta = ginkgos
– 4. Coniferophyta = conifers4. Coniferophyta = conifers
– 5. Angiophyta = flowering plants*5. Angiophyta = flowering plants*
*most commonly used as ornamentals by *most commonly used as ornamentals by gardenersgardeners
Horticultural ClassificationHorticultural Classification
• 2 Major Divisions of Angiophyta:2 Major Divisions of Angiophyta:
Monocotyledoneae = monocots (50,000 species)Monocotyledoneae = monocots (50,000 species)
Dicotyledoneae = dicots (200,000 species)Dicotyledoneae = dicots (200,000 species)
Horticultural ClassificationHorticultural Classification
• Binomial System of NomenclatureBinomial System of Nomenclature
– Developed by Linnaeus in 1753Developed by Linnaeus in 1753
– ItalicizeItalicize or or underlineunderline the Latin name the Latin name
– Internationally recognized name Internationally recognized name regardless of languageregardless of language
Horticultural ClassificationHorticultural Classification
• Binomial System of NomenclatureBinomial System of Nomenclature
– Ex: Ex: AcerAcer rubrumrubrum = “red maple” = “red maple”
Horticultural ClassificationHorticultural Classification
• Ex: Ex: – Starrett markStarrett mark– Starrett anneStarrett anne– Starrett bobStarrett bob– Starrett graceStarrett grace
Horticultural ClassificationHorticultural Classification• FamiliesFamilies (end in -aceae) (end in -aceae)
– Pinaceae (pines, hemlock, spruce)Pinaceae (pines, hemlock, spruce)– Ericaceae (rhododendrons, blueberries, Ericaceae (rhododendrons, blueberries,
azaleas)azaleas)
• GenusGenus (genera) (genera)– Similar in structure, chromosome #’sSimilar in structure, chromosome #’s
• SpeciesSpecies– Similar in structure, development and Similar in structure, development and
appearance, can sometimes interbreedappearance, can sometimes interbreed
Horticultural ClassificationHorticultural Classification
• VarietiesVarieties– a distinct character separates this group of a distinct character separates this group of
plants from the speciesplants from the species
– Often come “true-to-type” from seedOften come “true-to-type” from seed
BrassicaBrassica oleraceaoleracea var. var. botrytisbotrytis
“cauliflower”“cauliflower”
BrassicaBrassica oleraceaoleracea var. var. capitatacapitata“cabbage”“cabbage”
BrassicaBrassica oleraceaoleracea var. var. italicaitalica“broccoli”“broccoli”
Horticultural ClassificationHorticultural Classification
• CultivarCultivar– A “cultivated variety”A “cultivated variety”
– Plants have a distinct character that is Plants have a distinct character that is retained when the plant is reproduced retained when the plant is reproduced (generally vegetatively by cuttings)(generally vegetatively by cuttings)
– Name is in ‘single quotes’ and CapitalizedName is in ‘single quotes’ and Capitalized
MalusMalus domesticadomestica ‘Delicious’ ‘Delicious’
MalusMalus domesticadomestica ‘Golden Delicious’ ‘Golden Delicious’
Horticultural ClassificationHorticultural Classification
• CloneClone - a genetically identical plant - a genetically identical plant derived from a single mother plant by derived from a single mother plant by asexual propagation (cuttings or asexual propagation (cuttings or tissue culture)tissue culture)