Horses welfare

Suphannika Phutthachalee, DVM, MSc

Department of Surgery and Theriogenology,

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 40002

Fetlock joint

Carpal joint

Hoof

Tendon

Respiratory noises in the exercising

horse

http://www.horseracingkills.com

Clinical signs Number of horses %

Clinical signs of respiratory tract Clinical signs with URT disorders: Respiratory noise Non-exercise tolerance Cough/discharge Epistaxis No clinical signs of respiratory tract No clinical signs with URT disorder

44

42

14

21

16

7

39

30

53

95.5

16.9

25.3

19.3

8.4

47

76.9

Table 1: Relationship between clinical signs and resting endoscopic finding in 83 horses

Phutthachalee et al., 2015

Barakzai S. 2007, Slovis NM. 2004.

PLH

EE

DDSP

RLN

Figure Abnormality of upper respiratory in 118 disorders

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

PLH RLN DDSP EE Rhinitis GPE Nasal Polyp Epigottitis Pharyngitis

%

Abnormalities of URT

Phutthachalee et al., 2015

Diagnosis Number of horse (%)

Diagnosis Number of horse (%)

Upper airway abnormalities Single abnormality observation: PLH RLN DDSP EE Rhinitis GPE Nasal polyp Epiglottitis Pharyngitis

72 (86.8%) 38 (45.8%) 9 20 - 1 3 1 - 2 2

Multiple abnormality observation: PLH + RLN PLH + DDSP RLN + DDSP RLN + Rhinitis RLN + Pharyngitis RLN + GPE PLH + Nasal polyp PLH + EE PLH + Pharyngitis GPE + Pharyngitis PLH + RLN + DDSP PLH + RLN + Epiglottitis PLH + RLN + Rhinitis PLH + RLN + Pharyngitis PLH + DDSP + Pharyngitis RLN + DDSP + Rhinitis PLH + RLN +DDSP + Pharyngitis Normal upper airway observation

34 (41%) 9 1 1 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 1 1 1 11 (13.2%)

Table 2: Resting videoendoscopic findings in 83 horses

Phutthachalee et al., 2015

To alveoli Within 0.25 seconds

From nostril

18 L

airflow 1.5 meters

200 BPM HR 240 BPM 6,300 ml/min Oxygen use 100,000 ml/min

www.horseandcountry

Fibrinopurulent-hemorrhagic pleuropneumonia “Transport-stress”