1. Horse Owner 101:Things EVERY Horse Owner Needs to Know
Monday, January 24, 2011
South Shore Equine Clinic & Diagnostic Center
151 Palmer Road
Plympton, MA
www.ssequineclinic.com

2. Welcome to SSEC Horse Owner Education Series !
Mark T. Reilly, DVM, Diplomate ABVP (Equine)
Linda J. Cimetti, DVM
Travis M. Tull, DVM(surgeon)
Rachel A. Oberholtzer, DVM(intern)
3. TERMS and ANATOMY
Foal
Weanling
Yearling
Coltor Filly
Stallion (Gelding)or Mare
Senior
Geriatric
4. TERMS and ANATOMY
3rd Phalanx-Foot
1st & 2nd Phalanx-Pastern
Fetlock -Ankle
Shin-Cannon Bone
Carpus-Knee
Tarsus -Hock
Stifle -Stifle
Pelvis -Croup
Chest-Barrel
5. TERMS and ANATOMY
6. BASIC INFORMATION
Temperature : 98 101.5
Heart Rate / Pulse :28-44
Respiratory Rate:8-12
Number of Teeth:40 (44)
**Know individual normals**
7. AREAS TO BE COVERED
Foot Care
Deworming
Vaccinating
Emergency Care
8. Foot Care
Coronet = Germinal Layer
Hoof = Fingernail
Continuous Growth
Conformation
Trimming / Shoeing every 5-8 weeks
9. Foot Care
Coronet = Germinal Layer
Hoof = Fingernail
Continuous Growth
Conformation
Trimming / Shoeing every 5-8 weeks
10. 11. DEWORMERS
12. DEWORMING
1960s First dewormer developed
Every 8 weeks (1966)
1970s & 80s New Drug Classes
Rotational Deworming
1990s & 2000s- Adaptations
ERP shortened
Resistance
Small Strongyles > Large Strongyles
2010s New Strategies based on EBM
13. DEWORMING
Evidence Based Medicine (EBM):
The conscientious, explicit and judicious use of the current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients.
Improves the quality of care
Improves the standard of care
14. DEWORMING
Example of EBM:
Sick Horse with bacterial infection
Therapy based on specific diagnosis and the veterinarians clinical experience and knowledge of the recommendations of experts.
Ex: Antibiotic for the sick horse BUT not for the other horses they could develop antibiotic resistance or develop an antibiotic induced problem (diarrhea).
15. DEWORMING
Example of EBM:
Same Barn with no horses showing signs of parasites.What is appropriate therapy?
Deworm all horses with the same dewormer every 6-8 weeks.
Deworm with cheapest one (on sale?)
Only deworm those that move on and off the premises
Use EBM to formulate a plan
16. DEWORMING
Is there a clinical justification for treating this horse?
What parasite am I trying to eliminate?
What stages of that parasite are likely to be present?
Why this dewormer? (3 classes of dewormers)
Will it kill the desired parasite(s) and stage(s)?
Will it work as expected?(Confidence)
Are there better options?
Are there any other management techniques that might help me achieve my goal?
17. DEWORMING STRATEGY
1960s: 90% of colics due to migrating stages
1970s: S. vulgaris 90-100% prevalent
1960s and 70s: Interval dose program
Prevent egg shedding by deworming every 8 weeks year round
Worked against S. vulgaris (large strongyles)
18. DEWORMING STRATEGY
1980s: Large strongyles eliminated
BUT
Now 100% of strongyles are now SMALL strongyles (a change in species)
1990s: Recognize Drug Resistance
Severe weight loss
Chronic diarrhea and edema
19. PARASITE RESISTANCE
1983 most recent dewormer drug class
Name???
IVERMECTIN
Shortening ERP = 1st step in resistance
1995 - MOXIDECTIN (Quest) = same class
2005 -New drug class in cats and dogs (Emodepside)
2009 - New drug class in ruminants in New Zealand (Monepantel)
20. PARASITE RESISTANCE
ROTATION of DEWORMERS
Does NOT prevent resistance
2 of 3 classes already show high resistance
Potentially dangerous, if not illogical
(www.getrotationright.com) = marketing
21. DEWORMING STRATEGY
IS THE DEWORMER EFFECTIVE?
FECAL EGG COUNT REDUCTION TEST
The ONLY way to know
Measure levels before and 14 days after treatment
Failure to achieve high levels of reduction = RESISTANCE on that farm
2 of the 3 classes show high resistance
22. DEWORMING STRATEGY
Step 1 :Fecal Egg Count (FEC)
Before deworming
Step 2 : FEC 2 weeks later
Tests for resistance (> 90%)
If minimal reduction, change drug class and repeat
Step 3 : FEC at Egg Reoccurence Period (ERP)
4-5 weeks Benzimadazoles (Panacur)
6-8 weeks Pyrantel (Strongid)
8-10 weeks Ivermectin/Moxidectin (Zimectrin, Quest)
23. FECAL EGG COUNT
Strongyle eggs
24. DEWORMING STRATEGY
Which drugs are effective?
Which horses require less or more frequent treatment?
Evaluate success by using FEC at regular intervals
** Small numbers of worms do not cause any significant health impairment (