honors biology: populations
TRANSCRIPT
Fig. 53-4a
(a) Clumped
Fig. 53-4b
(b) Uniform
Fig. 53-4c
(c) Random
Concept Check
• One Species of forest bird is highly territorial, while a second lives in flocks. What is each species’ likely pattern of dispersion? Explain
Fig. 53-3
Births
Births and immigrationadd individuals toa population.
Immigration
Deaths and emigrationremove individualsfrom a population.
Deaths
Emigration
Concept Check
• Each female of a particular fish species produces millions of eggs per year. What is the likely survivorship pattern? Explain.
Semelparity or Iteroparity
Concept Check
• Consider two rivers. One is spring fed and is constant in water volume and temperature year-round; the other drains a desert landscape and floods and dries out as unpredictable intervals. Which is more likely to support many species of iteroparous animals? Why?
Evolution and Life History Diversity
• Life histories are very diverse• Species that exhibit semelparity, or big-bang
reproduction, reproduce once and die• Species that exhibit iteroparity, or repeated
reproduction, produce offspring repeatedly• Highly variable or unpredictable environments likely favor
big-bang reproduction, while dependable environments may favor repeated reproduction
Resource Partioning
Concept Check
• Where is exponential growth by a plant population more likely – one a newly formed volcanic island or in a mature, undisturbed rain forest? Why?
Fig. 53-13b
Nu
mb
er
of Daphnia
/50
mL
0
30
60
90
180
150
120
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Time (days)
(b) A Daphnia population in the lab
Concept Check
• Indentify three density-dependent factors that limit population size, and explain how each exerts negative feedback.
Metapopulaiton
Fig. 53-22
8000B.C.E.
4000B.C.E.
3000B.C.E.
2000B.C.E.
1000B.C.E.
0 1000C.E.
2000C.E.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
The Plague
Hu
man
po
pu
lati
on
(b
illio
ns)
7
Fig. 53-23
2005
Projecteddata
An
nu
al p
erc
ent
incr
ease
Year
1950 1975 2000 2025 2050
2.2
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Fig. 53-24
1750 1800 1900 1950 2000 2050
Year
1850
Sweden MexicoBirth rate Birth rate
Death rateDeath rate0
10
20
30
40
50B
irth
or
dea
th r
ate
per
1,0
00 p
eop
le
Concept Check
• During the demographic transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates, countries usually undergo rapid population growth. Explain why.
Fig. 53-25
Rapid growthAfghanistan
Male Female Age AgeMale Female
Slow growthUnited States
Male Female
No growthItaly
85+80–8475–7970–74
60–6465–69
55–5950–5445–4940–4435–3930–3425–2920–2415–19
0–45–9
10–14
85+80–8475–7970–74
60–6465–69
55–5950–5445–4940–4435–3930–3425–2920–2415–19
0–45–9
10–14
10 10 8 866 4 422 0Percent of population Percent of population Percent of population
66 4 422 08 8 66 4 422 08 8
Fig. 53-27
Log (g carbon/year)
13.49.85.8
Not analyzed