honors anatomy/physiology human tissues 2016
TRANSCRIPT
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Human TissuesTissue Differentiation
Anatomy and Physiology 1A. DeVault
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Tissue Defined
•Tissues are a group of cells that have a similar shape and purpose.•Tissues become organs that become organ systems.•Tissues begin to form as embryonic stem cells.
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Tissue Types
•Epithelial•Connective•Muscle•Nervous
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Epithelial Tissue
3 types of epithelial tissue•Squamous•Cuboidal•Columnar
Descriptive layersSimple – one layerStratified – more than one layer
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Characteristics of Epithelium
• Polar surfaces•Apical free surface• Basement membraneAvascularPronounced nucleusMitotic activityClosely packed together
Identifies by number of cells and shape of cell
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Epithelial Cell Shapes
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Simple Squamous Epithelia
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Simple Cuboidal Epithelia
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Simple Columnar Epithelia
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Stratified Squamous Epithelia
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Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia
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Glandular Epithelial
•A gland is one or more cells that produce and secrete a specific product. •The product is always a water-based fluid (aqueous) and usually contains proteins (the product is referred to as a secretion).
•Secretion is considered an active process.
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Glands are Classified
• Endocrine • Endocrine glands are also called ductless glands because eventually, they lose their ducts. • They produce hormones (chemical messengers ) and secrete them directly into the bloodstream.
• Exocrine • Exocrine glands secrete their products onto the skin or into body cavities. • Products secreted by exocrine glands include sweat, oil, mucous, bile, and milk*.
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Modes of Secretion
•Merocrine glands– secrete their products by exocytosis during production (the pancreas and most mucus/salivary glands belong to this class).•Apocrine: sweat gland
•Holocrine glands– accumulate their products until they rupture and die. •Holocrine glands secrete dead cell fragments along with their main product. (oil glands)
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Glandular Epithelial
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Connective Tissue
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Characteristics of Connective Tissue•Connective tissue supports and binds other
tissues of the body.•All connective tissue apart
from blood and lymph consists of three main components: • fibers (elastic and collagenous fibers),• ground substance and cells.
• The cells of connective tissue include fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages, mast cells and leucocytes.
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Connective Tissue
6 Types• Loose connective tissue• Dense connective tissue• Adipose• Blood• Cartilage• Bone
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Loose Connective Tissue
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Areolar C.T.
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Dense Connective Tissue
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Fibrous C.T.
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Adipose Tissue
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Blood
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Blood smear
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Cartilage
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Cartilage types
•Hyaline•Elastic•Fibrocartilage
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Hyaline
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Elastic
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Fibrous
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Bone
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Muscle Tissue
3 types of muscle tissue
•Cardiac –heart
•Skeletal – attached to bones
•Smooth – internal organs and blood vessels
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Cardiac Muscle
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Skeletal Muscle
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Smooth Muscle
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Nerve Tissue
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