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Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
2016 Nectar, Pollen, and Propolis source plants
Apis mellifera, or European Honey Bee is only able to take food from
250-300 plants in any given location, Grenada is no different. This
manual is to help with plant identification, advice on planning
propagation and if the plant is a nectar, pollen, or propolis bearing.
Compiled and designed by Megan Wannarka
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
2 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This book would not have been possible without the help of many beekeepers of
Grenada and others around the Caribbean lending their local knowledge combined
with the few books and websites I could find dedicated to plans on the island of
Grenada.
Also many other locals on busses helpfully gave local names of trees, stories and
additional information when I simply pointed at a tree and asked if anyone knew its
name to a full bus of people. This book is not the end all of knowledge for honey
bee plants on the island but a start of hopefully a larger conversation.
Thank you for your support, patience and advice.
BACKGROUND
Megan Wannarka served in Senegal, West Africa as Peace Corps Sustainable
Extension Agent from 2012 to 2014 working with local farmers there to improve
techniques, find best practices and worked with local beekeepers and African
honey bees. In Grenada she served again in 2015-2016 with Peace Corps
Response as a Beekeeping Trainer and Specialist partnering with the Grenada
Association of Beekeepers, Ministry of Agriculture, Lands Forestry, Fishers and the
Environment of Grenada and beekeepers throughout the island.
Trainings and one-on-one was her primary focus to communicate best practices
found on the island and Grenada specific information to beekeepers, partners and
interested people starting in beekeeping. This plant idenfication manual is focused
for beekeepers, farmers and those interested in supporting beekeeping on
Grenada and through the Caribbean to be an identification manual, documentation
of known plant knowledge on the island and a place to note additional known
valuable species.
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................... 2
BACKGROUND ............................................................................................ 2
HISTORY OF BEES IN GRENADA ................................................................. 9
DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................. 11
Honey ..................................................................................................................... 11
Honeydew ............................................................................................................. 11
Nectar .................................................................................................................... 11
Pollen ...................................................................................................................... 12
Propolis .................................................................................................................. 12
BEE PLANTS & HOW TO USE THE MANUAL .............................................. 13
Acajou-bois .............................................................................................................. 14
Akee ......................................................................................................................... 14
Allspice ..................................................................................................................... 15
Almond ..................................................................................................................... 15
Anatto....................................................................................................................... 16
Angel's trumpet ....................................................................................................... 16
Avocado ................................................................................................................... 17
Bamboo palm.......................................................................................................... 17
Barbados Aloes ...................................................................................................... 18
Bastard Cedar ........................................................................................................ 18
Beach Morning Glory ............................................................................................ 19
Begoniae ................................................................................................................. 19
Berlliric myrobalan ................................................................................................. 20
Black eye pea ......................................................................................................... 20
Black Mangrove ..................................................................................................... 21
Black Sage .............................................................................................................. 22
Bonavist bean ......................................................................................................... 22
Bottle gourd ............................................................................................................ 23
Bread nut ................................................................................................................. 23
Breadfruit ................................................................................................................ 24
Briar .......................................................................................................................... 24
Butterfly flower ....................................................................................................... 25
Butterfly lily ............................................................................................................. 25
Button Mangrove .................................................................................................... 26
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
4 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Cabbage ................................................................................................................. 26
Cacolay ................................................................................................................... 27
Campheche ............................................................................................................. 27
Caneficer batard ................................................................................................... 28
Carambola .............................................................................................................. 28
Cardamom .............................................................................................................. 29
Cashew .................................................................................................................... 29
Cassie-Flowers ........................................................................................................ 30
Castor ...................................................................................................................... 30
Century Plant .......................................................................................................... 31
Cerises a cotes ....................................................................................................... 31
Chew Stick ............................................................................................................... 32
Chilli ......................................................................................................................... 32
Christmas bush ........................................................................................................ 33
Christophene ........................................................................................................... 33
Citron ....................................................................................................................... 34
Clove ........................................................................................................................ 34
Cockscomb .............................................................................................................. 35
Cockspur .................................................................................................................. 35
Coconut .................................................................................................................... 36
Coco-ravet .............................................................................................................. 36
Coffee ..................................................................................................................... 37
Corallita .................................................................................................................. 37
Corn ......................................................................................................................... 38
Cotonnier ................................................................................................................. 38
Cotton ...................................................................................................................... 39
Cousin Mahoe ......................................................................................................... 39
Crackopen ............................................................................................................... 40
Crepe flower .......................................................................................................... 40
Cutlette .................................................................................................................... 41
Damsel ..................................................................................................................... 41
Divi-Divi ................................................................................................................... 42
Eggplant .................................................................................................................. 42
False heather .......................................................................................................... 43
Pork fat .................................................................................................................... 43
Flamboyante ........................................................................................................... 44
Flame vine ............................................................................................................... 44
Flax leaf .................................................................................................................. 45
Four o'clock ............................................................................................................. 45
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 5
Frangipani ............................................................................................................... 46
Ganjah ..................................................................................................................... 46
Ginger Thomas ....................................................................................................... 47
Gliricidia .................................................................................................................. 48
Golden apple ......................................................................................................... 48
Golden Shower ....................................................................................................... 49
Governor plum ........................................................................................................ 49
Gram ........................................................................................................................ 50
Grape ...................................................................................................................... 50
Grapefruit ............................................................................................................... 51
Grommier blanc ...................................................................................................... 51
Grugru ..................................................................................................................... 52
Guava ...................................................................................................................... 52
Gum .......................................................................................................................... 53
Hibiscus..................................................................................................................... 53
Hog plum ................................................................................................................. 54
Honeysuckle ............................................................................................................. 54
Honeysuckle Caoe .................................................................................................. 55
Horse cassia ............................................................................................................ 55
Horse radish tree .................................................................................................... 56
Jack plum ................................................................................................................. 56
Jamaican nettletree ............................................................................................... 57
Jerusalem thorn ...................................................................................................... 57
Kannik ....................................................................................................................... 58
Kola nut .................................................................................................................... 58
Kudjoe root .............................................................................................................. 59
L'angelin ................................................................................................................... 59
Lemon grass ............................................................................................................. 60
Liane-savon ............................................................................................................. 60
Lignum vitae ............................................................................................................ 61
Lime .......................................................................................................................... 61
Liseron bleu ............................................................................................................. 62
Litchi .......................................................................................................................... 62
Locus ......................................................................................................................... 63
Loofah ...................................................................................................................... 63
Lucky nut .................................................................................................................. 64
Madagascar jasmine ............................................................................................. 64
Madras thorn .......................................................................................................... 65
Mahogany ............................................................................................................... 65
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
6 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Malay apple .......................................................................................................... 66
Maljoe...................................................................................................................... 66
Manchineel .............................................................................................................. 67
Mango ..................................................................................................................... 67
Maube bark ............................................................................................................ 68
Medecin plant ........................................................................................................ 68
Mesquite .................................................................................................................. 69
Monkey bush ........................................................................................................... 69
Moses-in-the-cradle ............................................................................................... 70
Mother-in-law's tongue ......................................................................................... 71
Mountain Cabbage ............................................................................................... 71
Musk Ochra............................................................................................................. 72
Nim ........................................................................................................................... 72
Noni .......................................................................................................................... 73
Nutmeg .................................................................................................................... 73
Palmiste chou .......................................................................................................... 74
Pawpaw................................................................................................................... 74
Petrea ...................................................................................................................... 75
Physic nut ................................................................................................................. 75
Pigeon berry ........................................................................................................... 76
Pigeon pea ............................................................................................................. 76
Pink poui .................................................................................................................. 77
Plantain .................................................................................................................... 77
Poinsettia ................................................................................................................. 78
Pois Doux ................................................................................................................. 78
Pomegranate .......................................................................................................... 79
Pomme malac.......................................................................................................... 79
Pomme rose ............................................................................................................. 80
Port St. John creeper ............................................................................................. 80
Prickly pear ............................................................................................................ 81
Prickly poppy ......................................................................................................... 81
Pride of India ......................................................................................................... 82
Princess flower ........................................................................................................ 82
Pudding bush .......................................................................................................... 83
Purple allamanda .................................................................................................. 83
Rabbit meat ............................................................................................................ 84
Red ixora................................................................................................................. 84
Red mangrove ........................................................................................................ 85
Samann .................................................................................................................... 85
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Sand dragon ........................................................................................................... 86
Santa maria ............................................................................................................ 86
Sapodilla ................................................................................................................. 87
Sausage tree ........................................................................................................... 87
Scarlet cordia ......................................................................................................... 88
Seaside grapes ...................................................................................................... 88
Shaddock ................................................................................................................. 89
Showy combretum .................................................................................................. 89
Silk cotton tree ........................................................................................................ 90
Sisal .......................................................................................................................... 90
Skin-up ..................................................................................................................... 91
Sleeping Hibiscus .................................................................................................... 91
Slipper plant ........................................................................................................... 92
Small wild cucumber .............................................................................................. 92
Soapberry ............................................................................................................... 93
Sorghum ................................................................................................................... 93
Sorrell ....................................................................................................................... 94
Sour Orange ........................................................................................................... 94
Spider flower .......................................................................................................... 95
Star apple ............................................................................................................... 95
Star clusters ............................................................................................................. 96
Sticky cherry ........................................................................................................... 96
Sugar cane .............................................................................................................. 97
Surette ...................................................................................................................... 97
Sweet orange.......................................................................................................... 98
Sweet potato .......................................................................................................... 98
Sweet wood ............................................................................................................ 99
Sweetheart .............................................................................................................. 99
Tallow plum ........................................................................................................... 100
Teak ....................................................................................................................... 100
Thyme .................................................................................................................... 101
Tobacco ................................................................................................................. 101
Tuberose................................................................................................................ 102
Tulip tree ............................................................................................................... 102
Turpentine tree ..................................................................................................... 103
Ven-Ven ................................................................................................................. 103
Wandering Jew ................................................................................................... 104
West Indian Mimosa ........................................................................................... 104
White cedar ......................................................................................................... 105
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
8 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
White mangrove .................................................................................................. 105
Wild Tobacco ....................................................................................................... 106
Wireweed ............................................................................................................. 106
Yellow (shade) Cassia ......................................................................................... 107
Yellow Ader .......................................................................................................... 107
Yellow Flamboyante ............................................................................................ 108
Yellow silk shell seed ........................................................................................... 108
Zuti ......................................................................................................................... 109
TABLE 1: GRENADA NECTAR SOURCES BY COMMON NAME ............... 110
TABLE 2: GRENADA NECTAR SOURCES BY VALUE ................................. 127
TABLE OF FIGURES .................................................................................. 145
REFERENCES ............................................................................................ 152
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HISTORY OF BEES IN GRENADA
It is believed that the honey bee was brought to Grenada in the year 1688. The
German bee (Apis mellifera), referred to locally as Black Bees, was the species first
introduced. The Italian variety was introduced in the 1940’s by beekeeper Aubrey
Blackman of Sauteurs, St. Patrick, who imported bees from the Walter T. Kelley
Company of the USA. Since then, beekeepers have been steadily importing queen
bees, earlier from the USA mainland and lately from Hawaii. Most of these imports
have been Italian varieties, but there have also been instances of other varieties
(Starline, for example) being imported. One beneficial result of the importation of
different varieties is that inter-breeding of bees in Grenada has occurred, resulting
in hybrids which have proved to be highly productive.
Initially, information on beekeeping was obtained through and from expatriates,
particularly Roman Catholic priests serving in Grenada. Over the years more
Grenadians got involved in beekeeping (Apiculture): some as commercial
beekeepers, but the majority as hobbyists. As a result, the supply of local honey was
on an intermittent basis. Of course, there were always persons who hunted bees in
the wild and sold the honey collected. During that time, the industry grew very
slowly as was to be expected.
Five beekeepers are contributed with the initial interest in honey bees being shown
on the island: Amir Salem, John Abraham, Paul Salem, Jacob Kanhigh, Aman Nyack,
and Jimmy Beaulieu, respectfully. Most if not all of these men lived in the north of
the island. More research needs to be done into their life and family histories of
honey that are still alive in well in Grenada. (Kanhigh, T. September 28, 2016
personal communication.)
In the 1990s, organizations such as the Agency for Rural Transformation (ART), the
National Development Foundation (NDF) and, the Inter-American Institute for Co-
operation on Agriculture (IICA) were very instrumental in transforming the industry
and converting it into a more organized and business oriented operation. This is not
in any way to be interpreted as a denigration of the role played by earlier
beekeepers who over the years were responsible for the preservation of the skills
involved in, and the existence of a bee industry. (Ermine, 2011)
History of Grenada Association of Beekeeping
Formed in 1998, Grenada Beekeeping Association (GAB) was formed from
fourteen young persons who took a 2-week beekeeping course organized by Inter-
American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA).
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
10 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Initial funding came from Agency for Rural Transformation (ART) and the National
Development Foundation (NDF). Until 2009, the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) also
provided subvention and a technical officer from the Veterinary and Livestock
Division of the MoA had been assigned full time to assist GAB members. They have
a small office at the Ministry of Agriculture Extension sub-office in Grenville.
“Over the period 2002 to 2008, the number of registered
beekeepers increased from twenty-seven to fifty-seven; the number
of hives in use increased from 810 to 1710 units; and honey
production increased from 13,324lb to 28,129lb. (These figures can
be verified from official statistics.) Present estimates indicate that
the number of hives has dropped to 1400, but the yield per colony
has increased because of better beekeeping practices. This is
mainly due to the efforts of GAB to improve the ability of
beekeepers and to have beekeeping equipment and materials
available at most times, and at reasonable costs to beekeepers.”
(Thomas, Lewis, & Delsol, 2013)
Previously the association co-host the Caribbean Beekeeping Congress (2011),
participated in World Food Day Celebrations (2009) and the week of Agriculture
(2010) along with producing a GAB news bulletin (2009) but this has not been
sustained. In the past, the Association ordered wood goods (hive & hive products)
and equipment in mass, stored it in a container which sold it to beekeepers as
needed. A small profit was made from resale of honey and goods. On April 1,
2011 became a registered incorporated body.
Currently, and for the past 5 years, GAB has faced many challenges. First, the lack
of subvention from the Ministry of Agriculture and the increase of tariffs on imports
has made purchasing a bulk order of goods nearly impossible. Asa result, many
beekeepers have started to import goods themselves (typically from Trinidad or the
United States) or make them on the island.
Since 2010, there has been a change of policy on the import of ‘breeder queens’
from outside of the island. This is still a challenge that is a topic of conversation
between GAB and MoA presently and as of October 2015, 200+ queens have
been purchased and brought in via GAB and MoA and purchased by beekeepers
on the island.
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DEFINITIONS
Honey
Honey is the natural sweet substance produced by honey bees from the nectar of plants or from secretions of living parts of plants or excretions of plant sucking insects on the living parts of plants, which the bees collect, transform by combining with specific substances of their own, deposit, dehydrate, store and leave in the honey comb to ripen and mature. 2.1.1 Blossom Honey or Nectar Honey is the honey which comes from nectars of plants. (Codex Alimentarius Commission, 2001)
1 CAPPED HONEY ON THE TOP PORTION WHILE NECTAR IS ON THE BOTTOM UNCAPPED, PHOTO BY AUTHOR
Therefore, by this definition feeding bees with sugar syrup to the point where they are able to have a surplus is not honey because it does not come from a flower or nectar source. Also in with sugar cane, the cane juice is sugar not nectar there for bees do not make honey with it.
Honeydew
Results from the liquid eliminated by certain groups of homopterous insects. (Malumphy, 1997) Typically from aphids or coccids (sucking insects) and will see this in years where there is high aphid or coccid population. Consistency is typically thicker and sweeter than honey.
Nectar
Nectar can be produced on all aerial parts of plants, attracts important animals to plants and forms the basis for honey production. (Lüttge, Beyschlag, Francis, & Cushman, 2012) In the hive is noted as uncapped in the cells, see example in Figure 1.
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
12 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Pollen
A plant sperm cell. i.e. The movement of pollen from the anther to the stigma is necessary for seed to form in the flowering plant. (Cameron & Craig, 2009) For bees pollen is protein for them, pollen ranges typically from low (10%) to high (25%) As long as honey bees are able to consume sufficient quantiles, they will be able to obtain the nutrients they require. (Somerville, 2005)
2 HONEY BEES WITH POLLEN ON BACK LEGS ENTERING A HIVE 3 POLLEN DRYING FROM GRENADA VIA AUTHOR 4 PROPOLIS ON THE UPPER LEFT OF THE FRAMES
Pollen seems to be one of the factors governing the initiation and maintenance of brood rearing; however, day length, pheromones, physical and chemical stimuli ad the commencement of nectar and pollen collection may also play an important role in the brood-rearing actives of the honey bee colonies Drying Fresh Pollen Pellets. Fresh pellets collected from a pollen trap can be dried in the sun for a few days, in a warm oven, or with a lamp or food drier. Heat up to 120F (49C) for the first hour to kill yeast spores, then dry for 24 hours at 95 to 97F (35-36C). The pellets are ready when they do not crush when rolled between the fingers and do not stick to each other when squeezed. Store them in closed containers at room temperature. (Sammataro, Avitabile, & Caron, 2011)
Propolis
Propolis or “bee glue” … Propolis is formed from resinous excretions of the buds
and bark of trees and shrubs, which bees gather with their mandibles and transport
to their nest or hive for various uses. (Ghisalberti, 1979) Bees use propolis to help
seal up cracks and keeps the hive healthy due to its disinfection properties. (Food
and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2006) Propolis can be taken
from latex of fruit and or resin from bark. Propolis also contains persistent lipophilic
acaricides, a natural pesticide that deters mite infestations. (Wikipedia Contributors,
2016)
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 13
BEE PLANTS & HOW TO USE THE MANUAL
Please note that the information is compiled from literary sources, personal
conversations and other local books. Not all information will be accurate but a
starting point for information. For example, Star fruit might be more commonly used
name in your region/village of Grenada. Please note that information and forward
it on to me at [email protected] so I can update future editions of this
booklet.
In some plants, no further information is given other than honey bees visit the plant.
The assumption is that are using it for something, but to figure that out takes lots of
observations over time.
The margins are based on printing the booklet double-sided and binding it on the
left.
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
14 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Acajou-bois Cigar-box cedar | Cigar box wood, Barbados cedar, Cedar,
Mexican cedar, Red cedar, Spanish cedar, Zwamp cedar, West Indian Cedar
Cedrela odorata
2 DRIED SEED HEAD OF CEDRELA ODORATA VIA HERBARIO.UP.AC.PA 3 TREE & LEAVES OF CEDRELA ODORATA VIA KEYS.LUCIDCENTRAL.ORG
Very widely planted light timber tree in the tropics (Hawthorne et al 2005 p. 224)
Nectar: Yes January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Akee | Akee
Blighia sapida
4 BLIGHIA SAPIDA FRUIT VIA AUTHOR 5 BLIGHIA SAPIDA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Allspice Pimento | Allspice
Pimenta dioica
6 PIMENTA DIOICA BARK VIA EOL.ORG 7 PIMENTA DIOICA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Almond , Indian almond, Seaside almond | Tropical Almond, Indian almond
Terminalia catappa
8 TERMINALIA CATAPPA ALMOND FLOWER AND NUT VIA AUTHOR
Typically close to the seagrapes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
16 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Anatto Rourou, Roucouyer, Rucu, Coucu, Woucou, Lipstick tree | Annatto, Roucou,
Roucoyer, Rucu, Woucou, Achiote, Lipstick plant, Roucou, Urucum Bixa orellana
9 BIXA ORELLANA VIA EOL.ORG
Pink flower shrub, seeds used as body paint and insect repellent (esp mosquitos)(P.
100 Barlow 1993) Fast growing in any soil. The young plant blooms as early as it's
second year. Propagated by seeds. (p. 94 Le Corre 1985)
Nectar: not annual
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Angel's trumpet | White Angel Trumpet, Angel's Trumpet tree, Angel's tears
Brugmansia suaveoens
Small tree, white flowers (p. 68 Hawthorn et al 2004) Nectar: Good
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Avocado Pear, Zaboca, Zabocaud |Avocado, Pear, Butter fruit
Persea americana
8 PERSEA AMERICANA FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG 9 PERSEA AMERICANA FLOWER VIA EOL,ORG
Best fruit from grafted stock, annual flower and pollen.
Nectar: High Pollen: Good, High Quality Propolis: Yes Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: 2-4/ha
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Bamboo palm | Golden Cane Palm, Golden Butterfly Palm, Madagascar palm,
Yellow butterfly palm Dypsis lutescens
10 DYPSIS LUTESCENS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 11 DYPSIS LUTESCENS TREE VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Yes January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Barbados Aloes |Aloe, West Indian Aloe, Babosa, Burn plant, Coastal Aloe
Aloe vera
12 ALOE VERA VIA AUTHOR
Grows wild throughout the West Indies and is perfectly at home on thin dry soils.
Aloes flower annually and agaves take many years to flower. (p. 62 Barlow 1993)
Nectar: <Low0% January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Bastard Cedar , Bois L'Orme, Hetre orme | Pigeon wood, Bastard cedar,
Mutamba, West Indian elm Guazuma ulmifolia
13 GUAZUMA ULMIFOLIA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 13 GUAZUMA ULMIFOLIA FRUIT AND LEAVES VIA EOL.ORG 15 GUAZUMA ULMIFOLIA BARK VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Yes January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Beach Morning Glory | Railroad vine, Beach morning glory
Ipomoea pescaprae
16 IPOMOEA PESCAPRAE FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG
Seeds are dispursed by ocean currents and will spout after being soaked in
seawater for up to six months. (p.15-16 Barlow 1993)
Nectar: Yes Pollen: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Begoniae | Purple begonia, Begonias
Begonia
14 BEGONIA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG
These plants thrive in the shade and in humid climates. They are ideally suited for
borders or busy shrubberies. Propogated by seeds, cutting or divisions of tubers. (p.
19 La Corre 1985)
Nectar: Good Pollen: Good
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Berlliric myrobalan | Behda, Belleric myrobalan, Beach Almond, Bedda nut
tree Terminalia bellerica
18 TERMINALIA BELLERICA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 19 TERMINALIA BELLERICA FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG
A large old tree remains in the old botanic garden, St. George's. (p. 58 Hawthorn
et al. 2004)
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Black eye pea | Cowpea
Vigna unguiculata subsp. Unguiculata
15 VIGNA UNGUICULATA SUBSP. UNGUICULATA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 16 VIGNA UNGUICULATA SUBSP. UNGUICULATA SEED AND LEAF VIA EOL.ORG
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
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Black Mangrove | Black mangrove
Avicennia germinans
22 AVICENNIA GERMINANS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 23 AVICENNIA GERMINANS SEED VIA EOL.ORG
Usually find black mangrove on the shore side of the a swampa area. They range
farther to the north and south that other mangroves. Black mangroves get rid of salt
by excreting it on the leaf surface. (p.49 Barlow 1993) Honey from black
mangrove granulates quickly.
Nectar: Yes January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Black Sage Wild sage, Yellow sage, Mille Fleurs, Sauge, Ramgoat Bush, Bwa wa
tout, Pis-a-bed, Jiwof fle, Bwise, Lantana, Red sage | Lantana, Yellow sage, Wild sage, Bwa wa tout, Pis-a-bed, Jiwof fle, Bwise, West Indian Lantana Lantana camara
22 LANTANA CAMARA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 23 LANTANA CAMARA PLANT VIA EOL.ORG
Plant toxic to grazing animals; butterflies pollinate the flowers, seeds dispersed by
birds. (p. 98 Barlow 1993) Blooms year around. Tolerates most soils, but thrives best
in rich, well drained soil and in a sunny location. Propagated by cuttings (p. 46)
Nectar: Yes January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Bonavist bean , Bonavist | Hyacinth Bean, Antaque, Banner bean, Carmelita,
Lablab bean Lablab purpureus
24 LABLAB PURPUREUS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 17 LABLAB PURPUREUS BEAN VIA EOL.ORG 26 LABLAB PURPUREUS VINE/BUSH VIA EOL.ORG
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Bottle gourd | Hue, Bottle Gourd, Calabash, White flower gourd
Lagenaria siceraria
18 LAGENARIA SICERARIA FLOWER ON VINE AND GREEN GOURD VIA EOL.ORG 19 LAGENARIA SICERARIA DRIED GOURD VIA EOL.ORG
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Bread nut Jackfruit | Jack fruit
Artocarpus heterophyllus
20 ARTOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLUS NUT VIA AUTHOR 21 ARTOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLUS FRUIT VIA AUTHOR 22 ARTOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLUS TREE & LEAVES VIA AUTHOR
Tree looks much like Breadfruit but leaves are much larger.
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Breadfruit Breadnut | Bread fruit
Artocarpus altilis
23 ARTOCARPUS ALTILIS FLOWER VIA AUTHOR 24 ARTOCARPUS ALTILIS FRUIT AND LEAVES VIA EOL.ORG 25 ARTOCARPUS ALTILIS LATEX ON FRUIT USED BY BEES FOR PROPOLIS VIA EOL.ORG
Is at home in the humid tropical lowlands. New trees are made from pieces of root which are induced to sprout. (p. 116 Barlow 1993) Propolis: Latex from fruit
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Briar Piquant Jacques-á-chat, Cassie, Babul | Egyptian Thorn, Scented-pod
acacia, Gum Arabic tree Acacia nilotica
26 ACACIA NILOTICA FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG 27 ACACIA NILOTICA BEANS VIA EOL.ORG
Acacias are among the most common trees in dry scrubby areas and are armed
with long sharp spines. Shed most or all their leaves durning the dry season. (p.64
Barlow 1993)
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 25
Butterfly flower Wild ipecacuanha | Tropical milkweed, Blood flower, Red
head plant, Scarlet milkweed, Silkweed, Wild Ipecacuanha Asclepias curassavica
26 ASCLEPIAS CURASSAVICA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 27 ASCLEPIAS CURASSAVICA PLANT VIA EOL.ORG
Tolerates most soils and dry climate, but requires bright sunlight. Propogated by seeds and division. (p. 16 La Corre 1985) A common weed poisonious to livestock. (p. 148 Hawthorne et al 2005)
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Butterfly lily | Camia, White garland-lily, Butterfly ginger, Garland flower,
Ginger lily Hedychium coronarium
28 HEDYCHIUM CORONARIUM FLOWER VIA AUTHOR 29 HEDYCHIUM CORONARIUM PLANT VIA AUTHOR
Blooms Aug to Nov. Tolerates poor soil, but needs liberal watering and requires
sunlight at least part of the day to produce nectar
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
26 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Button Mangrove Grey mangrove | Buttonwood, Caribbean mangrove, Button
Mangrove, Silver-leaved buttonwood Conocarpus erectus
30 CONOCARPUS ERECTUS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 31 CONOCARPUS ERECTUS BARK VIA EOL.ORG
This species grows where the soil is only moderately salt and where tides only
occasionally flood the surface. Bees that feed from the flowers of white and black
mangrove are reputed to produce very good honey. (p. 49-50 Barlow 1993)
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Cabbage Kale, Turnip, Pak choy, Pork chives | Mustard, Cabbage
Brassica
32 BRASSICA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 33 BRASSICA GROUP OF FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 27
Cacolay Pois doux | Pois doux, Ice cream bean
Inga edulis
34 INGA EDULIS VIA EOL.ORG 35 INGA EDULIS FRUIT VIA AUTHOR 36 INGA EDULIS FRUIT INTERIOR VIA AUTHOR 37 INGA EDULIS TREE VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Campheche Campeachy wood, Kampech, Champish, Bloodwood tree |
Logwood, Campseche, Kampech, Bloodwood tree Haematoxylum campechianum
38 HAEMATOXYLUM CAMPECHIANUM FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG 39 HAEMATOXYLUM CAMPECHIANUM SEEDS VIA EOL.ORG
Important source of dye, clusters of yellow flowers are one to three inches long. Shrubby small tree with rough gray bar. It grows along roadsides and tolerates drought and poor soils. Logwoods are in bloom mostly from December to May. (p.69 Barlow 1993)
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
28 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Caneficer batard | False sicklepod
Senna multijuga
40 SENNA MULTIJUGA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 41 SENNA MULTIJUGA VIA EOL.ORG
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Carambola Star fruit, Five finger | Carambola, Five fingers, Star fruit
Averrhoa carambola
42 AVERRHOA CARAMBOLA FRUIT AND FLOWER VIA AUTHOR
Slow growth rate. Propogation is from seed, budding or grafting.
Nectar: Major, High Pollen: None Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 29
Cardamom | Cardamom
Elettaria cardamomum
43 ELETTARIA CARDAMOMUM FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 44 ELETTARIA CARDAMOMUM PLANT VIA EOL.ORG
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Cashew | Cashew nut
Anacardium occidentale
45 ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE LEAF, FRUIT AND FLOWER VIA AUTHOR
Nectar: Yes Pollen: minor Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
30 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Cassie-Flowers Sweet cassia | Sweet acacia
Acacia farnesiana
46 ACACIA FARNESIANA FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG 47 ACACIA FARNESIANA SEEDS VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Yes Pollen: Major
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Castor Carapate, Ricin, Gwen makwisti, Pye gwen, Palma Christi | Caster bean,
Castor Oil Plant, Ricin Ricinus communis
48 RICINUS COMMUNIS PLANT VIA EOL.ORG
Male and female flowers are borne on the same plant. Seeds are poisonous (p. 98 Barlow 1993) Blooms Jan to Dec. Tolerates a dry climate by requires bright sunlight. Propagated by seeds (p. 101 Le Corre 1985) Nectaries on stems, leafstalks, base of leaf-blade Nectar: Low Pollen: Good
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 31
Century Plant | Century plant
Agave caribaeicola
49 AGAVE CARIBAEICOLA IN BLOOM VIA GOOGLE
After 10-20 years flower stalk emerges. It grows very rapidly, to a height of 20 ft
or more. Yellow flowers typically in April (p.61 Barlow 1993)
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Cerises a cotes Suninam cherry | Surinam Cherry, Brazil cherry, Pitanga
Eugenia uniflora
50 EUGENIA UNIFLORA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 51 EUGENIA UNIFLORA FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG 52 EUGENIA UNIFLORA TREE VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
32 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Chew Stick | Bejuco de indio, Indian vine, Chewstick Gouania lupuloides
53 GOUANIA LUPULOIDES FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG 54 GOUANIA LUPULOIDES FLOWERED BRANCH VIA EOL.ORG 55 GOUANIA LUPULOIDES SEEDLINGS VIA EOL.ORG
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Chilli Red chilli, Sweet Chilli, Paprika | Bell pepper, Green pepper, Sweet
pepper, Chili pepper Capsicum annuum
56 CAPSICUM ANNUUM FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 57 CAPSICUM ANNUUM PEPPER VIA EOL.ORG
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 33
Christmas bush | Jack In The Bush, Bitter Bush, Christmas flower, Christmas
bush, Common floss flower, Siamweed, White snake root Chromolaena odorata
58 CHROMOLAENA ODORATA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 59 CHROMOLAENA ODORATA VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Christophene Cho-Cho | Chayote, Chistophfine, cho-cho
Sechium edule
60 SECHIUM EDULE FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 61 SECHIUM EDULE FRUIT VIA AUTHOR 62 SECHIUM EDULE VINE VIA EOL.ORG
Male and female flowers have10 glands secreting nectar in abundance and some beekeepers believe the vine one of the best honey plants in the world Nectar: high
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
34 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Citron | Citron, Buddha's hand
Citrus medica
63 CITRUS MEDICA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 64 CITRUS MEDICA FRUIT VARITALS VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Yes Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per:1-2/ha
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Clove | Clovetree, Clove
Syzygium aromaticum
65 SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG 66 SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG 67 SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM LEAVES VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 35
Cockscomb | Crested Cockscomb, Cock's comb, Cultivated cockscomb
Celosia cristata
68 CELOSIA CRISTATA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Good
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Cockspur | Iguana hackberry, Cock spur
Celtis iguanaea
69 CELTIS IGUANAEA FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG
Common in dry vegetation (p. 86 Hawthorn et al 2005)
Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
36 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Coconut | Coconut
Cocos nucifera
70 COCOS NUCIFERA FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG 71 COCOS NUCIFERA DWARF VARIETY VIA EOL.ORG 72 COCOS NUCIFERA TALL VARIETY VIA EOL.ORG
Honey is known to granulate in three months
Nectar: Yes Propolis: Yes Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: Shown to increase yield
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Coco-ravet Jumbie apple | Wild honeytree
Casearia decandra
73 CASEARIA DECANDRA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 74 CASEARIA DECANDRA FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG
Disturbed, open moist areas. (p. 54 Hawthorn et al 2004)
Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 37
Coffee | Coffee
Coffea arabica
75 COFFEA ARABICA FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG 76 COFFEA ARABICA BERRIES VIA EOL.ORG 77 COFFEA ARABICA TREE VIA EOL.ORG
Blooms May to Sept. Requires rich, fertile, well watered soil. Propagated by seeds and cuttings. (p. 114 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: Yes Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: Shown to increase yield
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Corallita Coral vine, La belle Mexicane, Bride's tears, Cemetary vine | Coral
creeper, Coralita Miss Rebecca, Chain of love, Confederate vine Antigonon leptotus
78 ANTIGONON LEPTOTUS VIA AUTHOR
Copious nectar in the morning and all day when cloudy. Blooms Jan to Dec. Prefers
a sunny, warm and moist enviroment, requires rich soil in order to bloom adundantly.
Propagated by seeds or division of tubers. (p. 147 Le Corre 1985)
Nectar: Yes Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
38 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Corn Maize | Corn
Zea mays
79 ZEA MAYS FLOWER STALK VIA EOL.ORG 80 ZEA MAYS SILK VIA EOL.ORG 81 ZEA MAYS EAR VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Low Pollen: Low quality
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Cotonnier , Coton, Cottonie, Coton pays, Sea island cotton | Long-staple cotton,
Sea-island cotton Gossypium barbadense
82 GOSSYPIUM BARBADENSE FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 83 GOSSYPIUM BARBADENSE COTTON VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: higher than upland cotton Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per:2/ac 5/ha
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 39
Cotton | Cotton
Gossypium
84 GOSSYPIUM FLOWER AND COTTON VIA EOL.ORG
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Cousin Mahoe (Aramina fibre) | Caesar bur, Caesar's weed, Cockle-bur
Urena lobata
85 URENA LOBATA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 86 URENA LOBATA FRUIT DETAIL VIA EOL.ORG 87 URENA LOBATA PLANT VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
40 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Crackopen | Crackopen
Casearia sylvestris
88 CASEARIA SYLVESTRIS FLOWER DETAIL VIA EOL.ORG 89 CASEARIA SYLVESTRIS FLOWER CLUSTER VIA EOL.ORG 90 CASEARIA SYLVESTRIS BRANCH VIA EOL.ORG
Mostly in moist forest at high altitues, especially in distubed areas. (p. 54 Hawthorn et al. 2004) Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Crepe flower Queen's crepe myrtle | Crape myrtle
Lagerstroemia indica
91 LAGERSTROEMIA INDICA FLOWER VIA AUTHOR 92 LAGERSTROEMIA INDICA BUSH VIA AUTHOR
Do not confuse with Queen’s flower tree (same species different variety) Blooms May to August. Fast growing tree, requires warm and humid climate and sunlight. Propagated by seed. (p. 74 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: Good Pollen: Good
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 41
Cutlette Fiddlewood, Pendula, Cutlet, Bois cocklet, Kiklet, Figbush, Fairy tree, Bois
carre | Cutlet, Fiddlewood, Flordia fiddlewood, Bois fidele, Pendula, Bois cocklet, Koklet, Figbush, Fairy tree, Bois carre Citharexylum spinosum
93 CITHAREXYLUM SPINOSUM FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 94 CITHAREXYLUM SPINOSUM FRUIT ON BRANCH VIA EOL.ORG 95 CITHAREXYLUM SPINOSUM TREE VIA EOL.ORG
Leafstalks are pink to orange, small, sweet smelling flowers are borne on upright
spikes and are visited by bees. (p. 68 Barlow 1993)
Nectar: Good January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Damsel Damson | Otaheite Gooseberry, Gooseberry Phyllanthus acidus
96 PHYLLANTHUS ACIDUS FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG 97 PHYLLANTHUS ACIDUS FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
42 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Divi-Divi | Divi divi, American sumac, Cascolate
Caesalpinia coriaria
98 CAESALPINIA CORIARIA FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG 99 CAESALPINIA CORIARIA SEEDPODS VIA EOL.ORG 100 CAESALPINIA CORIARIA BARK VIA EOL.ORG
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Eggplant Aubergine | Eggplant, Aubergine
Solanum melongena
101 SOLANUM MELONGENA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 102 SOLANUM MELONGENA FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG
Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: Increase yeild
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 43
False heather | Mexican heather, Elfin herb, False heather
Cuphea hyssopifolia
103 CUPHEA HYSSOPIFOLIA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG
Blooms year around, requires rich, well-watered soil and a sunny to semi shady
location. Propogated by cuttings, seeds. (p, 35 La Corre 1985)
Nectar: Low
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Pork fat Hog Plum Coco plum, Cacos | Coco plum, Hog plum
Chrysobalanus icaco
104 CHRYSOBALANUS ICACO FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 105 CHRYSOBALANUS ICACO FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
44 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Flamboyante Poinciana, Flame Tree | Royal ponciana, Flamboyant, Flametree,
Gold mohar Delonix regia
106 DELONIX REGIA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 107 DELONIX REGIA BRANCH VIA EOL.ORG
Blooms May to August. A fast growing tree it requires a deep soil, but tolerates a dry climate. Propagated by seed. (p. 70 La Corre 1985) Nectar: Not annual
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Flame vine | Golden shower, Flame vine
Pyrostegia venusta
108 PYROSTEGIA VENUSTA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 109 PYROSTEGIA VENUSTA VIA EOL.ORG
Blooms Dec to March. A slow growing plant, it requires a sunny location, thrives and walls or rooftops facing south. Needs plenty of water and fertilizer. Propagated by cuttinngs. (p. 132 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 45
Flax leaf Paperback | Flax-leaved paperbark, Cajeput Tree
Melaleuca linariifolia
110 MELALEUCA LINARIIFOLIA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 111 MELALEUCA LINARIIFOLIA TREE VIA EOL.ORG
Blooms Jan to April. Tolerates sea spray and dry climate. Propagated by seed or
cuttings. (p. 81 Le Corre 1985)
Nectar: Low
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Four o'clock | Four O'Clock Plant, Marvel-of-peru, Beauty of the night
Mirabilis jalapa
112 MIRABILIS JALAPA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 113 MIRABILIS JALAPA BUDS VIA EOL.ORG 114 MIRABILIS JALAPA PLANT VIA EOL.ORG
Blooms year around. This hardy plant toleares poor soil, aridity and a semi-shady
location. Propogated by seed (p. 43 Le Corre 1985)
Nectar: Low
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
46 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Frangipani | Frangipani, Red Frangipani, Nosegay, Pagoda Tree, Temple tree
Plumeria rubra
115 PLUMERIA RUBRA FLOWER VIA AUTHOR 116 PLUMERIA RUBRA PLANT VIA AUTHOR
Grown from cuttings but need to dry out for a day or two before planted (p. 69
Barlow 1993)
Propolis: Latex January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Ganjah Hemp | Hemp
Cannabis sativa
117 CANNABIS SATIVA BUDS VIA EOL.ORG 118 CANNABIS SATIVA PLANT VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Little to none Pollen: Good
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 47
Ginger Thomas Christmas Hope, Yellow Cedar, Yellow Elder, Coribee, Bois |
Caraibe, Bois pissenlit, Bois fleur jaunes, Flambeaux, Yellow elder, Yellow Trumpet flowers Tecoma stans
119 TECOMA STANS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 120 TECOMA STANS SEED PODS VIA EOL.ORG 121 TECOMA STANS TREE VIA EOL.ORG
Poor soil, a dry climate and sea spray do not deter this little tree. Its prolific bright
yellow flowers..and their sweet smell draws bees. (p. ? Barlow) Blooms Oct to April.
Tolerates poor soil and a dry climate and sea spary. Requires bright sunlight.
Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
48 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Gliricidia Quick stick | Mother of cocoa, Gliricidia, Quick stick Gliricidia sepium
122 GLIRICIDIA SEPIUM FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 123 GLIRICIDIA SEPIUM SEED POD & FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG 124 GLIRICIDIA SEPIUM TREE VIA EOL.ORG
Pink flowers bllom in the dry season when trees are leafless.(p. 97 Barlow 1993) Fast growth rate. Great to add to biodiversity of plantings. Related to soybean (Glycine max.) subject to regular pesticide use. Blooms Jan on. Propagated by seeds or cuttings. Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Golden apple Pomecythere, June plum, Yellow plum, Golden apple, Otaheite
plum | Golden apple Spondias dulcis
125 SPONDIAS DULCIS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 126 SPONDIAS DULCIS FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Good
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 49
Golden Shower | Golden shower, Purging cassia
Cassia fistula
127 CASSIA FISTULA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 128 CASSIA FISTULA TREE VIA EOL.ORG
Blooms March to June. Tolerates any soil but requres birght sunlight. Propagated by
seeds or cuttings. (p. 68 Le Corre 1985)
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Governor plum | Ramontchi, Governor's plum, Batokoa palm
Flacourtia ramontchii
129 FLACOURTIA RAMONTCHII FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 130 FLACOURTIA RAMONTCHII FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
50 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Gram | Chick pea, Garbanzo bean
Cicer arietinum
131 CICER ARIETINUM FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 132 CICER ARIETINUM SEED POD VIA EOL.ORG
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Grape Grape
Vitis
133 VITIS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 134 VITUS FRUIT AND LEAF VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 51
Grapefruit | Grapefruit
Citrus x paradisi
135 CITRUS X PARADISI FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG
Pure Grapefruit honey can become thixotrophic-need to be vibrated to removed from comb Nectar: Yes Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: More info needed
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Grommier blanc Mountin gommier, Bois gommier, Gommier a canots |Butter
fruit, Safou, Bush mango, African pear, African plum, Bush butter, Eben tree, Native Pear Dacryodes edulis
136 DACRYODES EDULIS FLOWERS VIA FLICKR 137 DACRYODES EDULIS FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG
Must have good deep root systems, for they often grown on steep slopes and when
blasted by hurricanes, the tops usually break before the tree is uprooted. (p. 137
Barlow 1993)
Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
52 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Grugru | Grou grou palm, Yellow Coconut, Coyol Palm
Acrocomia aculeata
138 ACROCOMIA ACULEATA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 139 ACROCOMIA ACULEATA SMALL FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG 140 ACROCOMIA ACULEATA TRUNK VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Guava |Guava
Psidium guayava
141 PSIDIUM GUAYAVA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 142 PSIDIUM GUAYAVA YOUNG FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG
Grows along roadisdes, in gardens and in the dry bush. Fast growing, annual pollen, five-petalled flower (p. 117 Barlow 1993) Nectar: High Propolis: Yes Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 53
Gum , Clammy cherry | Clammy cherry
Cordia obliqua
Climbing shrub, in moister areas at all altitudes, but not very common. (p. 94 Hawthorn et al 2005) Nectar: ? Pollen: ?
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Hibiscus Chinese hibiscus | Shoe-flower, Chinese hibiscus, Shoeblackplant,
Chinese roose, Double rose hibiscus, Rose of china Hibiscus rosa sinensis
143 HIBISCUS ROSA SINENSIS FLOWER VIA AUTHOR 144 HIBISCUS ROSA SINENSIS PLANT VIA EOL.ORG
Blooms Jan to Dec. Tolerates most soils but needs sunlight and liberal watering to bloom abundantly. Propagated by cutting (p. 106 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: minor Propolis: mucilage Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: Bumble bees
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
54 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Hog plum Mombain | Java plum, Hog plum
Spondias mombin
145 SPONDIAS MOMBIN FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 146 SPONDIAS MOMBIN LEAVES AND FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honeysuckle | Honeysuckle, Chinese honeysuckle, Hall's honeysuckle, Japanese
honeysuckle Lonicera japonica
147 LONICERA JAPONICA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 148 LONICERA JAPONICA PLANT VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Good Pollen: Good
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 55
Honeysuckle Caoe Trumpet flower | Cape Honeysuckle
Tecoma capensis
149 TECOMA CAPENSIS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 150 TECOMA CAPENSIS PLANT VIA EOL.ORG
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Horse cassia | Capote, Pink shower, Stinking toe
Cassia grandis
151 CASSIA GRANDIS BOTANICAL VIA EOL.ORG 152 CASSIA GRANDIS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 153 CASSIA GRANDIS SEED PODS VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
56 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Horse radish tree (oil of ben), Moonga | Moringa, Horseradish tree, Drumstick
tree, Ben oil tree Moringa oleifera
154 MORINGA OLEIFERA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 155 MORINGA OLEIFERA PLANT WITH SEED PODS VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Jack plum Jamun, Jamon | Jambolan, Java plum
Syzygium cumini
156 SYZYGIUM CUMINI FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 157 SYZYGIUM CUMINI FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG 158 SYZYGIUM CUMINI PLANT VIA EOL.ORG
Next to largest producer (mesquite) in all Hawaiian islands
Nectar: Yes January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 57
Jamaican nettletree | Jamaican nettletree
Trema micrantha
159 TREMA MICRANTHA FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG
A pioneer tree of open, distrubed areas (p. 92 Hawthorn et al. 2005) Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Jerusalem thorn | Jerusalem thorn, Horsebean, Mexican Palo Verde, Acacia,
Barbados flowerfence, Espinillo, Retaima Parkinsonia aculeata
160 PARKINSONIA ACULEATA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 161 PARKINSONIA ACULEATA SEED & POD EOL.ORG
Nectar: not attractive
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
58 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Kannik Horse Nicker, Gray nickerbean, Warri, Canique grise, Grey nicker,
Bahama braziletto, Konik, Gwu sak borik, Gwenzye bonwikt, z'yuex a chatte, kach kach, Donkey eye |Nicker nut, Gray nickernbean, Bonduc, Divi-divi Caesalpinia bonduc
162 CAESALPINIA BONDUC SEED POD VIA EOL.ORG 163 CAESALPINIA BONDUC FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG
Kannik is a scarmbling shrub or vine, stem and leaves are covered with vicious prickles and the seed pod is a miniature porcupine. This plant is often found in the dry zone above beaches. The seeds are washing from place to place by the sea. Pollen: minor Propolis: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Kola nut | Kola nut, Abata Cola
Cola acuminate
164 COLA ACUMINATE FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 165 COLA ACUMINATE BOTANICAL VIA EOL.ORG 166 COLA ACUMINATE NUT VIA EOL.ORG
Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: More info needed
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Kudjoe root Garlic root, Gully root, Conga root, Da | Gully root, Guinea
Henweed Petiveria alliacea
167 PETIVERIA ALLIACEA VIA EOL.ORG 168 PETIVERIA ALLIACEA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG
Common weed in damp disturbed vegetation. (p. 64 Hawthorn et al 2004) Nectar: ?
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
L'angelin Jamaican cabbage tree |Angelin, Cabbagebark tree, Batseed,
Jumbie Bead, Palo De Burro, West Indian Walnut Andira inermis
169 ANDIRA INERMIS FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG 170 ANDIRA INERMIS PLANT VIA EOL.ORG 171 ANDIRA INERMIS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG
Extremely common across Grenada, especially along rivers and streams, but also roadsides. (p. 252 Hawthorne et al 2005) Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
60 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Lemon grass | Lemon grass, Citronella grass
Cymbopogon nardus
172 CYMBOPOGON NARDUS PLANT VIA AUTHOR
Not a fodder plant for bees, but works well to ‘bait’ capture hives with.
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Liane-savon | Rattan, Liane Savon
Gouania polygama
173 GOUANIA POLYGAMA SEED VIA EOL.ORG 174 GOUANIA POLYGAMA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 175 GOUANIA POLYGAMA PLANT VIA EOL.ORG
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
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Lignum vitae Tree of Life |Lignum vitae, Guaiac tree
Guaiacum officinale
176 GUAIACUM OFFICINALE FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 177 GUAIACUM OFFICINALE GRENADIAN POSTAGE STAMP VIA EOL.ORG 178 GUAIACUM OFFICINALE SEED VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: ?
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Lime |Lime, Key lime, Citron, Mexican lime, West Indian lime
Citrus aurantiifolia
179 CITRUS AURANTIIFOLIA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 180 CITRUS AURANTIIFOLIA PLANT AND FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG
Moderate growth rate, annual flower & pollen, flower in the 2nd year of planting,
more regular after 4 years.
Nectar: Minor from fruit Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
62 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Liseron bleu | Campanita, Ivy-leaved Morning Glory, Japanese morning glory,
Pharbitis seeds, Red Star Glory Ipomoea nil
181 IPOMOEA NIL FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 182 IPOMOEA NIL PLANT VIA EOL.ORG 183 IPOMOEA NIL SEEDS VIA EOL.ORG
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Litchi | Lychee
Litchi chinensis
184 LITCHI CHINENSIS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 185 LITCHI CHINENSIS FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: major Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Locus Stinking toe |Locust, Stinkingtoe
Hymenaea courbaril
186 HYMENAEA COURBARIL FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 187 HYMENAEA COURBARIL FRUIT/SEED POD VIA EOL.ORG
Propolis: Resin
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Loofah | Sponge gourd, Climbing okra, Dishcloth gourd, Loofa
Luffa aegyptiaca
188 LUFFA AEGYPTIACA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 189 LUFFA AEGYPTIACA PLANT VIA EOL.ORG 190 LUFFA AEGYPTIACA SEEDS AND SPONGE VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
64 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Lucky nut Yellow oleander | Lucky nut, Yellow Oleander
Thevetia peruviana
191 THEVETIA PERUVIANA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 192 THEVETIA PERUVIANA SEED VIA EOL.ORG
Plant toxic; seeds very dangerous. Blooms Jan-Dec, tolerated a dry climae, sea spray. Propagated by seeds or cuttings. (p. 55 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Madagascar jasmine | Madagascar Jasmine
Stephanotis floribunda
193 STEPHANOTIS FLORIBUNDA BUDS AND LEAVES VIA EOL.ORG 194 STEPHANOTIS FLORIBUNDA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG
Requires hot and humid environment, but tolerates some shade. Propagated by seeds, cutting or grafting. (p. 131 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: Low
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Madras thorn | Madras thorn, Manila tamarind, Black beard, Monkey pod
Pithecellobium dulce
195 PITHECELLOBIUM DULCE FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 196 PITHECELLOBIUM DULCE SEED POD VIA EOL.ORG
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Mahogany | Barbados Mahogny, West indian mahogany, Small-leaved
Mahogany Swietenia mahagoni
197 SWIETENIA MAHAGONI FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 198 SWIETENIA MAHAGONI SEED POD VIA EOL.ORG 199 SWIETENIA MAHAGONI TREE VIA EOL.ORG
Grows in both dry and humid forests. (p. 101 Barlow 1993) Nectar: ? Pollen: ?
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
66 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Malay apple Wax apple | Mountain apple, Watery Rose Apple Syzygium aqueum
200 SYZYGIUM AQUEUM FLOWER VIA WIKIPEDIA 201 SYZYGIUM AQUEUM FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG
Blooms Feb to March. Requires a warm and humid climate. Propagated by seed (p.
79 Le Corre 1985)
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Maljoe (grudge pea) Jamaican Horse bean, Sword bean | Jack bean, Horse
bean, Garde place, Wonder bean Canavalia ensiformis
202 CANAVALIA ENSIFORMIS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 203 CANAVALIA ENSIFORMIS SEED POD AND PLANT VIA EOL.ORG
Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: Known to pollinate
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Manchineel Poison apple | Manchineel
Hippomane mancinella
204 HIPPOMANE MANCINELLA PLANT VIA AUTHOR 205 HIPPOMANE MANCINELLA VIA EOL.ORG 206 HIPPOMANE MANCINELLA FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG
Manchineel is so toxic that the sap was used by the Caribs to poison their arrows and so caustic it can take the paint off a car. Grows alogn many beaches. The best imnediate first aid is probably a thorough washing in the sea. (p. 18 Barlow 1993) Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Mango |Mango
Mangifera indica
207 MANGIFERA INDICA FLOWER VIA AUTHOR 208 MANGIFERA INDICA FRUIT VIA AUTHOR
Nectar: Yes Pollen: major Propolis: Resin Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per:8-15/ha or
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
68 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Maube bark Soap bush |Snakebark, Soaptree, Greenheart
Colubrina arborescens
209 COLUBRINA ARBORESCENS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 210 COLUBRINA ARBORESCENS LEAF VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: minor
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Medecin plant | Spanish bayonet, Bear grass, Aloe yucca, Dagger plant,
Spanish bayonet Yucca aloifloila
211 YUCCA ALOIFLOILA IN BLOOM VIA EOL.ORG
Blooms Jan to Dec, tolerates any well-drained soil and a dry climate, but requires sunlight. Propogated by offsets. (p. 34 La Corre 1985) Nectar: minor
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 69
Mesquite | River algarrobo, Alaroba, Mesquite, Ironwood
Prosopis juliflora
212 PROSOPIS JULIFLORA FLOWER AND SEED POD VIA EOL.ORG 213 PROSOPIS JULIFLORA THORN AND BRANCH VIA EOL.ORG
It can be grown from seed but also reproduced from rool suckers or stem cuttings.
Under ideal conditions produces seed within 3 years.
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Monkey bush Velvet leaf | `uhaloa, Sleepy morning
Waltheria indica
214 WALTHERIA INDICA FLOWER AND PLANT VIA EOL.ORG
Yellow pollen Pollen: Some
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
70 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Moses-in-the-cradle | Oyster plant, Moses-in-a-boat, Three Men In A Boat,
Boat lily Tradescantia spathacea
215 TRADESCANTIA SPATHACEA FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG 216 TRADESCANTIA SPATHACEA IN BLOOM VIA EOL.ORG
Sap may cause skin rash. Grows in sunlight, tolerates dry climate and the poorest
soil but grows vigoursly in the fertile ground. Propogated by seeds, divison of
suckers. (p. 26 La Corre 1985)
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Mother -in-law's tongue Ladies tounge, Langua-a-via-femme, Siris |
Lebbeck, East Indian walnut, Women's tongue, Mother-in-law's tongue, Ladies
tongue, Shack-shack, Langua-a-via-femme, Siris
Albizia lebbeck
217 ALBIZIA LEBBECK FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 218 ALBIZIA LEBBECK SEED POD VIA EOL.ORG
Cream colored flowers are fragrant and are like tiny feather dusters, typically in dry areas and well suited for poor soils (p. 100 Barlow 1993) Blooming Aug to Nov. Fast-Growing, it tolerates a dry climate but requires bright sunlight. Propagated by seed Nectar: Scarce
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Mountain Cabbage | Mountain Cabbage
Euterpe broadwayi
Pollen: High
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
72 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Musk Ochra | Okra, Gumbo, Lady's fingers, Quiabo
Abelmoschus esculentus
219 ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 220 ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS PLANT VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Low Pollen: Low
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Nim Neem | Neem, Indian lilac, Margosa Tree, Yepa
Azadirachta indica
221 AZADIRACHTA INDICA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 222 AZADIRACHTA INDICA SEED VIA EOL.ORG
Pollen: Minor
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Noni Pain killer tree (Guyana), Monkey dumpling (Barbados) | Noni, Dog
dumpling, Awl Tree, Great morinda, Indian mulberry, Pain killer, Yaw weed Morinda citrifolia
223 MORINDA CITRIFOLIA FLOWER AND FRUIT VIA AUTHOR
Nectar: ? Pollen: ?
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Nutmeg | Nutmeg
Myristica fragans
224 MYRISTICA FRAGANS FRUIT AND SEED VIA AUTHOR
Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: More info needed
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
74 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Palmiste chou Mountain palm |Mountain cabbage, Palmiste chou, Sierran Palm
Prestoea acuminata var. montana
225 PRESTOEA ACUMINATA VAR. MONTANA BERRIES
Pink, brushy flower cluster spouts from below the leaves
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Pawpaw | Papaya, Mamon, Melon tree, Paw paw,
Carica papaya
226 CARICA PAPAYA FLOWER AND FRUIT VIA AUTHOR
Nectar: Minor Pollen: Minor
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Petrea Lilac, Sandpaper vine | Queen's wreath, Sandpaper vine
Petrea volubilis
227 PETREA VOLUBILIS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG
Blooms Jan to Oct. Requires bright sunlight but tolerates a dry climate. Propagated by cutting or grafting. (p. 150 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: Yes Pollen: Minor
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Physic nut Bellyache bush, Coral plant | Physic nut, Jatropha, Barbados nut
Jatropha curcas
228 JATROPHA CURCAS FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG 229 JATROPHA CURCAS SEEDS VIA EOL.ORG
Seeds poisonous. Blooms Jan to Dec. Requires warmth and sun, but tolerates a dry climate and a poor soil. Propagated by cuttings (p. 101 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
76 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Pigeon berry | Gold dew drop, Golden dew drop, Forget me not tree, Pigeon
berry, Skyflower Duranta erecta
230 DURANTA ERECTA PLANT, FLOWERS AND BERRIES VIA AUTHOR
Tolerates poor and dry soil and should be trimmed regularly. Berries ediable by birds. Propagated by seeds or cutting. (p. 123 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Pigeon pea | Pigeon pea, Tropical green pea, Congo pea, Gungo pea, Red
gram Cajanus cajan
231 DURANTA ERECTA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 232 DURANTA ERECTA SEEDPOD AND FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG
Bear continulally and are 2 varietals yellow & yelllow streaked with red (p. 116 Barlow 1993) Nectar: minor Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: ?
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Pink poui | Pink Trumpet Tree, Pink poui
Tabebuia rosea
233 TABEBUIA ROSEA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 234 TABEBUIA ROSEA SEEDPOD VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: gathered from ground flowers
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Plantain |Plantain
Musa paradisiaca
235 MUSA PARADISIACA PLANT VIA EOL.ORG 236 MUSA PARADISIACA FLOWER DETAIL VIA EOL.ORG
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
78 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Poinsettia | Poinsettia, Christmas flower
Euphorbia pulcherrima
237 EUPHORBIA PULCHERRIMA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG
Sap toxic. Propagated by cutting. (p. 97 Le Corre 1985) Externally and internally Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Pois Doux |Guamá, Sacky sac bean, Poix doux
Inga laurina
238 INGA LAURINA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 239 INGA LAURINA SEED POD VIA EOL.ORG
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Pomegranate | Pomegranate
Punica granatum
240 PUNICA GRANATUM FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 241 PUNICA GRANATUM FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG
Blooming Jan to Dec. Requires bright sunlight a dry and warm climate and a rich and well drained soil. Propagated by seeds, cutting, or grafting. (p. 112 Le Corre 1985)
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Pomme malac Pomerac, French cashew | Malay apple, Malaysian apple,
Ohia, Pomerac Syzygium malaccense
242 SYZYGIUM MALACCENSE FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 243 SYZYGIUM MALACCENSE FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
80 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Pomme rose Malabar plum | Rose apple, Jambos, Malabar plum
Syzygium jambos
244 SYZYGIUM JAMBOS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 245 SYZYGIUM JAMBOS FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Por t St. John creeper | Zimbabwe Creeper, Pandora vine, Pink trumpet tree
Podranea ricasoliana
246 PODRANEA RICASOLIANA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG
Blooms Sept to June, in rich soil and in a sunny location it will rapidly cover its support. Propagated by seeds or grafting (p. 132 le Corre 1985) Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Prickly pear Dildo |Prickly Pear, Sweet Prickly-pear
Opuntia stricta var. dillenii
247 OPUNTIA STRICTA VAR. DILLENII FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 248 OPUNTIA STRICTA VAR. DILLENII PLANT VIA EOL.ORG
Pretty yellow flowers grow from the edges of the pads, usually in the spring. (p.65 Barlow 1993)
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Prickly poppy |Mexican poppy, Mexican prickly poppy, Prickly Poppy
Argemone mexicana
249 ARGEMONE MEXICANA PLANT VIA EOL.ORG
Plant toxic; seeds fatal to chickens. Blooms year around, tolerates dry climate and sea spray. Propograted by seed(p. 42 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: Minor Pollen: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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82 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Pride of India |Chinaberry, White cedar, Chinaberry tree,
Persian lilac, Tree of Heaven Melia azedarach
250 MELIA AZEDARACH FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 251 MELIA AZEDARACH FRUIT/SEED VIA EOL.ORG
Blooms March to Nov. Propogated by seed (p. 77 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: Low Pollen: Low
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Princess flower | Glory Bush, Purple Glory Tree
Tibouchina semidecandra
252 TIBOUCHINA SEMIDECANDRA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG
Blooms Jan to Dec. Requires rick and well watered soil, and prefers a sunny or semi-shady location. Propagated by cutting. (p. 112 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: Good Pollen: Good
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Pudding bush Snake vine | Water liana, Seasonvine, Snake bitters, Snake vine
Cissus verticillata
253 CISSUS VERTICILLATA FLOWERBUD VIA AUTHOR 254 CISSUS VERTICILLATA BERRIES VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Purple allamanda Rubber vine, Pen plant | Rubbervine, Indian rubbervine,
Palay rubbervine, Purple allamanda Cryptostegia grandiflora
255 CRYPTOSTEGIA GRANDIFLORA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 256 CRYPTOSTEGIA GRANDIFLORA SEED POD VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
84 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Rabbit meat | Slender joyweed, Island Joyweed
Alternanthera ficoidea
257 ALTERNANTHERA FICOIDEA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 258 ALTERNANTHERA FICOIDEA PLANT VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Red ixora Jungle flame | Jungle Flame, Ixora, Scarlet Jungleflame, Flame of the
woods, Jungle geranium, Needle flower, Sacred ixora Ixora coccinea
Blooms year around. Requires well drained soil and a sunny location. It grows fast. Propogated by seed or cuttings (p. 117 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Red mangrove | Red mangrove
Rhizophora mangle
259 RHIZOPHORA MANGLE FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 260 RHIZOPHORA MANGLE PLANT WITH PANICLE VIA EOL.ORG
This is a tree that has seedlings but no seeds - the phase of a plat that involves sitting around doing nothing. (p. 48 Barlow 1993)
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Samann Raintree, Massav, Cocoas tamarind, Arbre a la pluie, Cow tambran |
Saman tree, Raintree, Massav, Cocos tamarind, Arbre a la pluie Albizia saman
261 ALBIZIA SAMAN FLOWERVIA EOL.ORG 262 ALBIZIA SAMAN LEAF AND SEED VIA EOL.ORG
Tens of thousands of pin powder puff flowers. (p. 101 Barlow 1993)
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
86 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Sand dragon | Fragrant dracaena, Forest dracaena
Dracaena fragrans
263 DRACAENA FRAGRANS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 264 DRACAENA FRAGRANS PLANT VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Santa maria Barbados Sage | Bushy lippia, Bushy matgrass
Lippia alba
265 LIPPIA ALBA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Sapodilla Naseberry | Sapote, Sapodilla
Manilkara zapota
266 MANILKARA ZAPOTA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 267 MANILKARA ZAPOTA FRUIT AND TREE VIA AUTHOR
Nectar: Major
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Sausage tree | Sausage tree
Kigelia pinnata
268 KIGELIA PINNATA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 269 KIGELIA PINNATA FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG
Blooms Jan to May. Used along road-sides for shade. Propagated by seed. (p. 56 Le Corre 1985)
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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88 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Scarlet cordia Geiger tree | Geiger Tree, Largeleaf geigertree, Anacahuita,
Broadleaf Cordia sebestena
270 CORDIA SEBESTENA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 271 CORDIA SEBESTENA FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Yes Pollen: Minor
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Seaside grapes | Sea grape, Shore grape, Seaside grape
Coccoloba uvifera
272 COCCOLOBA UVIFERA FLOWER DETAIL VIA EOL.ORG 273 COCCOLOBA UVIFERA FLOWERING PLANT VIA EOL.ORG 274 COCCOLOBA UVIFERA FRUIT
..Found both on calm leeward beaches and on low-lying eastern beaches that are exposed to full force of trade winds. Male and female flowers of the seagrape grow on seperate plants. (p. 16-17 Barlow 1993) Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Shaddock Forbidden Fruit | Pomelo, Citron, Shaddock
Citrus maxima
275 CITRUS MAXIMA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 276 CITRUS MAXIMA FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Yes Pollen: Yes Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per:1-2/ha
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Showy combretum | Chapamiel
Combretum latifolium
277 COMBRETUM LATIFOLIUM FLOWER VIA WIKIPEDIA COMMONS
278 COMBRETUM LATIFOLIUM SEED POD VIA IDTOOLS.ORG
Blooms Feb to April. Needs little care, grows in bright sunlight. Propagated by seeds or cuttings. (p. 134 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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90 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Silk cotton tree Kapok | Silk-cotton tree, Devil's tree, Fromager, Mapou,
Kapokier, Pin tree, Fonmaje Ceiba pentandra
279 CEIBA PENTANDRA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 280 CEIBA PENTANDRA SEED VIA EOL.ORG 281 CEIBA PENTANDRA BUTRESSES AND TRUNK VIA AUTHOR
Pinkish flowers pollinated by bats 15 min after sunset in winter, when the tree is leafless. Seeds can pressed for oil and is used for lamp oil or for making soap. (p. 66-67 Barlow 1993) Nectar: Yes Pollen: Major
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Sisal | Century plant
Agave
282 AGAVE FLOWERVIA EOL.ORG 283 AGAVE BLOOMING PLANT VIA EOL.ORG
Pollen: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Skin-up Genip | Mamoncillo, Spanish lime, Ackee, Genip, Skinup
Melicoccus bijugatus
284 MELICOCCUS BIJUGATUS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 285 MELICOCCUS BIJUGATUS FRUIT VIA AUTHOR
Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Sleeping Hibiscus | Turkscap, Sleeping Hibiscus, Wax Mallow
Malvaviscus arboreus
286 MALVAVISCUS ARBOREUS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 287 MALVAVISCUS ARBOREUS LEAF AND SEED VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
92 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Slipper plant | Slipper flower, Bird Cactus, Redbird flower
Pedilanthus tithymaloides
288 PEDILANTHUS TITHYMALOIDES FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 289 PEDILANTHUS TITHYMALOIDES PLANT VIA EOL.ORG
Plant toxic; has very irritant sap. Blooms year around, A fast growing plant, it tolerartes a dry and poor soil, but requires sunlight. Propagated by cutting. (p. 29 La Corre 1985) Nectar: Minor
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Small wild cucumber | Melonette, Wild cucumber, Creeping Cucumber
Drooping melonnette, Gaudeloupe cucumber Melothria pendula
290 MELOTHRIA PENDULA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 291 MELOTHRIA PENDULA FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: minor
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Soapberry | Soapberry, Wingleaf soapberry, Western soapberry
Sapindus saponaria
292 SAPINDUS SAPONARIA FLOWER DETAIL VIA EOL.ORG 293 SAPINDUS SAPONARIA FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG 294 SAPINDUS SAPONARIA FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Sorghum Millet, Guinea grain | Sorghum
Sorghum bicolor
295 SORGHUM BICOLOR FLOWERING HEAD VIA EOL.ORG 296 SORGHUM BICOLOR FIELD VIA EOL.ORG
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Sorrell Red sorrell | Sorrel, Roselle
Hibiscus sabdariffa
297 HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA FLOWER 298 HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: ? Pollen: ?
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Sour Orange Seville | Seville orange, Gospo, Sour Orange, Bitter Orange
Citrus aurantium
299 CITRUS AURANTIUM FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 300 CITRUS AURANTIUM FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG
Pollen: minor Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per:1-2/ha
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Spider flower |Spider flower, Spiny spiderflower
Tarenaya spinose
301 TARENAYA SPINOSA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 302 TARENAYA SPINOSA PLANT VIA EOL.ORG
Tolerates a dry climate and poor soil. Propograted by seed (p. 26 La Corre 1985) Nectar: High Pollen: Low
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Star apple | Star apple
Chrysophyllum cainito
303 CHRYSOPHYLLUM CAINITO FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG 304 CHRYSOPHYLLUM CAINITO FLOWER VIA WWW.PLANTCREATIONS.COM
Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Star clusters | Egyptian star cluster
Pentas lanceolata
305 PENTAS LANCEOLATA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 306 PENTAS LANCEOLATA BUSH VIA AUTHOR
Blooms year around. Requires sunny location, a righ, well-drained, well-watered soil. Propogated by seed or cuttings (p. 45 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: High Pollen: Low
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Sticky cherry Arbre a raisins | Tiguilote, Florida trema
Trema micranthum
307 TREMA MICRANTHUM FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 308 TREMA MICRANTHUM FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Sugar cane | Sugar cane
Saccharum officinarum
309 SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM CUT CANE VIA WWW.SUGARINDUSTRYOFBELIZE.COM 310 SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM FIELD VIA EOL.ORG
Sap cut from cane as it bleeds for the first 3 days, is able to feed bees but excess does not produce honey as it is not a nectar source Nectar: Food source from sap of cut cane
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Surette Pomme surrette, Jujube, Stink tree, Dunk, Apple dum | Ber, Indian jujube,
Dunks, Chinese jujube, Surette, Pomme Ziziphus maurtiana
311 ZIZIPHUS MAURTIANA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 312 ZIZIPHUS MAURTIANA FRUIT FRESH TO DRY (L TO R) VIA EOL.ORG
The frequently grown along roads, either planted or naturalized. (p. 102 Barlow 1993) Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Sweet orange | Sweet orange, Naval orange
Citrus sinensis
Blooms Jan to Dec. Tolerates any soil. Propagated by seeds or cutting. (p. 80 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: High Pollen: Good Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per:1-2/ha
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Sweet potato | Sweet potato
Ipomoea batatas
313 IPOMOEA BATATAS FLOWER AND LEAVES VIA EOL.ORG 314 IPOMOEA BATATAS ROOTS VIA EOL.ORG
Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Sweet wood | Bustic cassada, White Bully
Sideroxylon salicifolium
315 SIDEROXYLON SALICIFOLIUM FLOWER DETAIL VIA EOL.ORG 316 SIDEROXYLON SALICIFOLIUM FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG
Lowland, dry vegetation, esp on hills. (p, 26 Hawthorn et al. 2004) Nectar: ?
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Sweethear t | Florida beggarweed, Tick trefoil, Dixie Tricktrefoil, Beggarweed,
Dickie tick trefoil, Pega-pega Desmodium tortuosum
317 DESMODIUM TORTUOSUM VIA EOL.ORG 318 DESMODIUM TORTUOSUM SEED POD VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Tallow plum | Yellow plum, Sea lemon, Hog plum
Ximenia americana
319 XIMENIA AMERICANA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 320 XIMENIA AMERICANA FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG
Most likely pollinated by wind (National Research Council 2008) Very common along road side. Sometimes used as firebreaks. They are resistant to hurricanes and can withstand long dry periods. They do less well where the soil is always wet. (p. 98 Barlow)
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Teak | Teak
Tectona grandis
321 TECTONA GRANDIS FLOWER DETAIL VIA EOL.ORG 322 TECTONA GRANDIS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 323 TECTONA GRANDIS FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: ? Pollen: ?
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Thyme | Common thyme, Thyme
Thymus vulgaris
324 THYMUS VULGARIS FLOWER WITH BEE VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: 3 Pollen: Good, major
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Tobacco | Tobacco
Nicotiana tabacum
325 NICOTIANA TABACUM FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 326 NICOTIANA TABACUM PLANT VIA EOL.ORG
Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Tuberose |Tuberose
Polianthes tuberosa
327 POLIANTHES TUBEROSA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Low January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Tulip tree Catalpa, Seaside mahoe | Annadine, Seaside mahoe, Portia tree
Thespesia populneoides
328 THESPESIA POPULNEOIDES FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 329 THESPESIA POPULNEOIDES SEEDS VIA EOL.ORG
The wood smells of roses when fresh, the heartwood is dark red often with purple veining. Often planted for erosion control near tropical coasts. (p. 100 Hathorne et all 2005) Nectar: ? Pollen: ?
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Turpentine tree West Indian birch, Naked Indian, Gommier rouge, Tourist tree
|Gumbo limbo, Turpentine tree, West indian birch, Gommier rouge, Tourist tree Bursera simaruba
330 BURSEA SIMARUBA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 331 BURSEA SIMARUBA FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG
Is a medium-sized tree of both the very dry and the moist forests, it is sometimes seen quite near the beach and can withstand some salt spray. It is most common on dry, rocky, limestone hills. Tiny flowers grow in clusters at ends of branches (p.64 Barlet) Nectar: Yes Propolis: Lipo
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Ven-Ven Vervain | Blue porterweed, Spikeweed
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis
332 STACHYTARPHETA JAMAICENSIS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 333 STACHYTARPHETA JAMAICENSIS PLANT VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Wandering Jew Cockroach grass | Wandering Jew Tradescantia zebrina var. zebrina
334 TRADESCANTIA ZEBRINA VAR. ZEBRINA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 335 TRADESCANTIA ZEBRINA VAR. ZEBRINA PLANT VIA EOL.ORG
Pollen: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
West Indian Mimosa Shack-shack, Wild tamarind, Wild Mimosa, Monval,
Tamrin batard, Macata, Macata-Bourse | Leucaena, Wild tamarind, Macata, White Leadtree Leucaena leucocephala
336 LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA FLOWERS VIA AUTHOR
It has a deep central taproot which helps in dry spells. The fluffy white balls are made up many tiny flowers. (p. 94 Barlow 1993) Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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White cedar White poui | White cedar, West Indies cedar, Pink Trumpet tree
Tabebuia heterophylla
337 TABEBUIA HETEROPHYLLA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 338 TABEBUIA HETEROPHYLLA SEED POD VIA EOL.ORG
Showy, fragrant tubular pink flowers, early spring and smaller #'s throughout the year. (p. 19 Barlow 1993) Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
White mangrove | White mangrove
Laguncularia racemosa
339 LAGUNCULARIA RACEMOSA FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG 340 LAGUNCULARIA RACEMOSA SEEDS VIA AUTHOR 341LAGUNCULARIA RACEMOSA SEEDLING VIA AUTHOR
White mangroves typically grow on the mud that black and red mangroves have consolidated. They are less tolerant of endless soaking in salt water. (p. 49 Barlow 1993) Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Wild Tobacco | Hollowheart
Acnistus arborescens
342 ACNISTUS ARBORESCENS FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG 343 ACNISTUS ARBORESCENS FLOWERS AND BERRIES VIA EOL.ORG
Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Wireweed Sweet broom | Wireweed, Tea weed, Broomweed, Souther sida,
Horn bean leave sida Sida acuta
344 SIDA ACUTA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 345 SIDA ACUTA PLANT
Productive in wetlands Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Yellow (shade) Cassia Kas | Yellow cassia, Siamese cassia, Kassod tree
Senna siamea
346 SENNA SIAMEA FLOWER VIA PAUL SHEPPARD 347 SENNA SIAMEA SEED PODS VIA EOL.ORG
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Yellow Ader | Buttercup plant, West Indian holly, Yellow alder, Elm leaved
turnera Turnera angustifolia
348 TURNERA ANGUSTIFOLIA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG
Blooms Jan to Dec, tolerates a dry climate, sea spray and poor soil. Propagated by seeds or cuttings (p. 44 La Corre 1985) Do not confuse with Politician's flower (Hawthorn 2004) Nectar: Yes Pollen: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Yellow Flamboyante Tamarin, Tamarinier, Tamarin bord-de-mer, Tanmawen |
Tamarind, Tamarin Bord-de-mer, Tanmanwen Tamarindus indica
349 TAMARINDUS INDICA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 350 TAMARINDUS INDICA SEEDPOD VIA EOL.ORG
Most likely pollinated by wind (National Research Council 2008) Very common along road side. Sometimes used as firebreaks. They are resistant to hurricanes and can withstand long dry periods. They do less well where the soil is always wet. (p. 98 Barlow 1 Nectar: Low Pollen: Major
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
Yellow silk shell seed | Buttercup tree, Silk cottontree, Bototo
Cochlospermum vitifolium
351 COCHLOSPERMUM VITIFOLIUM FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG
Blooms Feb to April. Requires a well-drained soil and a sunny location, well sheltered from strong windes because of it's brittle branches. Propagated by seeds or cuttings. (p. 61 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: Yes
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
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Zuti Common Nettle, Stinging Nettle |
Urtica dioica
Not a nectar, pollen or propolis plant but good to use in smoker to calm bees.
Typically grows in areas around bananas, where is also a good place to keep bees.
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TABLE 1: GRENADA NECTAR SOURCES BY COMMON NAME
Sorted by Grenada common name Latin Synonym Grenada
Common Name
US/Euro Common Name
Nectar Propalis Pollen
Tecoma capensis
"Honeysuckle" Caoe Trumpet flower
Cape Honeysuckle
x
Tamarindus indica
"Yellow Falmboyante", Tamarin, tamarinier, Tamarin bord-de-mer, Tanmawen
Tamarind, Tamarin Bord-de-mer, Tanmanwen
Low major
Cedrela odorata Cedrela adenophylla
Acajou-bois, cigar-box cedar
Cigar box wood, Barbados cedar, Cedar, Mexican cedar, Red cedar, Spanish cedar, Zwamp cedar, West Indian Cedar
Yes
Blighia sapida Cupania sapida Akee Akee Yes
Pimenta dioica Allspice, Pimento
Allspice
Terminalia catappa
Almond, Indian almond, Seaside almond
Tropical Almond, Indian almond
Unknown
?
Bixa orellana Orellana americana var. leiocarpa
Anatto, Rourou, Roucouyer, Rucu, Coucu, Woucou, Lipstick tree
Annatto, Roucou, Roucoyer, Rucu, Woucou, Achiote, Lipstick plant, Roucou, Urucum
not annual
Brugmansia suaveolens
Datura suaveolens
Angel's trumpet
White Angel Trumpet, Angel's Trumpet tree, Angel's tears
Good 1
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Latin Synonym Grenada Common Name
US/Euro Common Name
Nectar Propalis Pollen
Persea americana
Persea gratissima
Avacaco, Pear, Zaboca, Zabocaud
Avocado, Pear, Butter fruit
High x 24.4, high
Dypsis lutescens
Chrysalidocarpus lutescens
Bamboo palm Golden Cane Palm, Golden Butterfly Palm, Madagacar palm, Yellow butterfly palm
Yes
Aloe vera Aloe barbadensis
Barbadoes Aloes
Aloe, West Indian Aloe, Babosa, Burn plant, Coastal Aloe
<10%
Guazuma ulmifolia
Guazuma guazuma
Bastard Cedar, Bois L'Orme, Hetre orme
Pigeon wood, Bastard cedar, Mutamba, West Indian elm
Yes
Ipomoea pescaprae
Beach Morning Glory
Railroad vine, Beach morning glory
Yes x
Begonia Begoniae Purple begonia, Begonias
Unknown
?
Terminalia bellerica
Berlliric myrobalan
Behda, Belleric myrobalan, Beach Almond, Bedda nut tree
minor
Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata
Vigna sinensis Black eye pea Cowpea
Avicennia germinans
Avicennia nitida Black Mangrove
Black mangrove
Yes minor
Lantana camara Black Sage, Wild sage, Yellow sage, Mille Fleurs, Sauge, Ramgoat Bush, Bwa wa tout, Pis-a-bed, Jiwof fle, Bwise, Lantana, Red sage
Lantana, Yellow sage, Wild sage, Bwa wa tout, Pis-a-bed, Jiwof fle, Bwise, West Indian Lantana
Yes
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Latin Synonym Grenada Common Name
US/Euro Common Name
Nectar Propalis Pollen
Lablab purpureus
Dolichos lablab Bonavist bean, Bonavist
Hyacinth Bean, Antaque, Banner bean, Carmelita, Lablab bean
Low 1
Lagenaria siceraria
Cucurbita lagenaria
Bottle gourd Hue, Bottle Gourd, Calabash, White flower gourd
Artocarpus heterophyllus
Artocarpus integrifolius
Bread nut, Jackfruit
Jack fruit latex
Artocarpus altilis
Artocarpus communis
Breadfruit, Breadnut
Bread fruit latex
Acacia nilotica Briar, Piquant, Jacques-á-chat,
Cassie, Babul
Egyptian Thorn, Scented-pod acacia, Gum Arabic tree
Asclepias curassavica
Asclepias nivea var. curassavica
Butterfly flower, Wild ipecacuanha
Tropical Milkweed, Blood Flower, Red head plant, Scarlet milkweed, Silkweed, Wild Ipecacuanha
Good 2
Hedychium coronarium
Amomum filiforme
Butterfly lily Camia, White Garland-lily, Butterfly ginger, Garland flower, Ginger lily
Conocarpus erectus
Button Mangrove, Grey mangrove
Buttonwood, Caribbean mangrove, Button Mangrove, Silver-leaved Buttonwood
Brassica Cabbage, kale, turnip, pak choy, pork chives
Mustard, Cabbage
Inga edulis Inga vera sensu Cacolay, Pois doux
Pois doux, Ice cream bean
Yes
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Latin Synonym Grenada Common Name
US/Euro Common Name
Nectar Propalis Pollen
Haematoxylum campechianum
Haematoxylon campechianum
Campheche, Campeachy wood, Kampech, Champish, Bloodwood tree
Logwood, Campseche, Kampech, Bloodwood tree
not good
Senna multijuga Caneficer batard
False Sicklepod Yes
Averrhoa carambola
Averrhoa acutangula
Carambola, Star fruit, Five finger
Carambola, Five fingers, Star fruit
Major, high
none
Elettaria cardamomum
Amomum cardamomum
Cardamon Cardamom
Anacardium occidentale
Anacardium curatellifolium
Cashew Cashew nut Yes minor
Acacia farnesiana
Cassie-Flowers, Sweet cassia
Sweet acacia Yes major
Ricinus communis
Castor, Carapate, Ricin, Gwen makwisti, Pye gwen, Palma Christi
Caster bean, Castor Oil Plant, Ricin
Low 2
Agave caribaeicola
Agave grenadina Century Plant Century plant
Eugenia uniflora Eugenia micheli Cerises a cotes, Suninam cherry
Surinam Cherry, Brazil cherry, Pitanga
Yes major
Gouania lupuloides
Banisteria lupuloides
Chew Stick Bejuco de indio, Indian vine, Chewstick
minor
Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum var. conoide
Chilli, Red chilli, Sweet Chilli, Paprika
Bell pepper, Green pepper, Sweet pepper, Chili pepper
minor
Chromolaena odorata
Eupatorium odoratum
Christmas bush
Jack In The Bush, Bitter Bush, Christmas flower, Christmas bush, Common floss flower, Siamweed,
Yes not good
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White snake root
Latin Synonym Grenada Common Name
US/Euro Common Name
Nectar Propalis Pollen
Sechium edule Christophene, Cho-Cho
Chayote, Chistophfine, cho-cho
High
Citrus medica Aurantium medicum
Citron Citron, Buddha's hand
Yes minor
Syzygium aromaticum
Eugenia caryophyllata, Eugenia aromatica
Clove Clovetree, Clove
Yes minor
Celosia cristata Celosia argentea var. cristata
Cockscomb Crested Cockscomb, Cock's comb, Cultivated cockscomb
Good 2
Celtis iguanaea Celtis brasiliensis, Momisia iguanaea
Cockspur Iguana hackberry, Cock spur
Yes
Cocos nucifera Coconut Coconut Yes x major
Casearia decandra
Anavinga parvifolia
Coco-ravet, Jumbie apple
Wild honeytree Yes
Coffea arabica Coffee Coffee Yes minor
Antigonon leptotus
Corculum leptopum
Corallita, Coral vine, La belle Mexicane, Bride's tears, Cemetary vine
Coral creeper, coralita Miss Rebecca, Chain of love, Confederate vine,
Yes major
Zea mays Corn, Maize Corn Low 4, 14.63
Gossypium barbadense
Gossypium barbadense var. acuminatum
Cotonnier, Coton, Cottonie, Coton pays, Sea island cotton
Long-staple cotton, Sea-island cotton
Higher than upland cotton
minor
Gossypium Cotton Cotton
Urena lobata Cousin Mahoe (Aramina fibre)
Caesar bur, Caesar's weed, Cockle-bur
Yes
Casearia sylvestris
Anavinga samyda
Crackopen Crackopen Yes
Lagerstroemia indica
Lagerstroemia chinensis,
Crepe flower, Queen's crepe
Crape myrtle Good 3
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Lagerstroema speciosa
myrtle
Latin Synonym Grenada Common Name
US/Euro Common Name
Nectar Propalis Pollen
Phyllanthus acidus
Damsel, Damson
Otaheite Gooseberry, Gooseberry
Yes
Caesalpinia coriaria
Libidibia coriaria Divi-Divi Divi divi, American sumac, Cascolate
minor
Solanum melongena
Eggplant, Aubergine
Eggplant, Aubergine
Cuphea hyssopifolia
False heather Mexican heather, Elfin herb, False heather
Low high
Chrysobalanus icaco
Chrysobalanus icaco var. pellocarpus
Fat pork, Coco plum, cacos
Coco plum, Hog plum
Yes
Citharexylum spinosum
Citharexylum fruticosum
Fiddlewood, Cutlette, Pendula, Cutlet, Bois cocklet, Kiklet, Figbush, Fairy tree, Bois carre
Cutlet, Fiddlewood, Flordia fiddlewood, Bois fidele, Pendula, Bois cocklet, Koklet, Figbush, Fairy tree, Bois carre
Unknown
Delonix regia Poinciana regia Flamboyante, Poinciana, Flame Tree
Royal ponciana, Flamboyant, Flametree, Gold mohar
not annual
Pyrostegia venusta
Pyrostegia ignea Flame vine Golden shower, Flame vine
Yes
Melaleuca linariifolia
Flax leaf, Paperback
Flax-leaved paperbark, Cajeput Tree
Low high
Mirabilis jalapa Four o'clock Four O'Clock Plant, Marvel-of-peru, Beauty of the night
Low 1
Plumeria rubra Frangipani Frangipani, Red Frangipani, Nosegay, Pagoda Tree, Temple tree
latex
Cannabis sativa Cannabis sativa var. indica
Ganjah, Hemp Hemp None 3
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Latin Synonym Grenada Common Name
US/Euro Common Name
Nectar Propalis Pollen
Tecoma stans Stenolobium stans
Ginger thomas, Christmas Hope, Yellow Cedar, Yellow Elder, Coribee, Bois Caraibe, Bois pissenlit, Bois fleur jaunes, Flambeaux
Yellow elder, Yellow Trumpet flowers
Yes
Gliricidia sepium
Gliricidia, Quick stick
Mother of cocoa, Gliricidia, Quick stick
Yes not good
Spondias dulcis Spondias cytherea
Golden apple, Pomecythere, June plum, Yellow plum, Golden apple, Otaheite plum
Golden apple Unknown
Cassia fistula Golden Shower
Golden shower, Purging cassia
Flacourtia ramontchii
Flacourtia indica Governor plum
Ramontchi, Governor's plum, Batokoa palm
Yes
Cicer arietinum Ononis crotalarioides
Gram Chick pea, Garbanzo bean
minor
Vitis Grape Grape Yes x
Citrus x paradisi Grapefruit Grapefruit Yes minor
Dacryodes edulis
Grommier blanc, Mountin gommier, Bois gommier, Gommier a canots
Butter fruit, Safou, Bush mango, African pear, African plum, Bush butter, Eben tree, Native Pear
Yes
Acrocomia aculeata
Grugru Grou grou palm, yellow coconut, Coyol Palm
Yes x
Psidium guayava
Guava Guava High x major, high
Cordia obliqua Gum, Clammy cherry
Clammy cherry Unknown
?
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Latin Synonym Grenada Common Name
US/Euro Common Name
Nectar Propalis Pollen
Hibiscus rosa sinensis
Hibiscus, Chinese hibiscus
Shoe-flower, Chinese hibiscus, Shoeblackplant, Chinese roose, Double rose hibiscus, Rose of china
Minor mucilage
Spondias mombin
Spondias lutea Hog plum, mombain
Java plum, Hog plum
Yes minor
Lonicera japonica
Honeysuckle Honeysuckle, Chinese honeysuckle, Hall's honeysuckle, Japanese honeysuckle
Good 2
Cassia grandis Bactyrilobium grande
Horse cassia Capote, Pink shower, Stinking toe
Yes
Moringa oleifera
Horse radish tree (oil of ben), moonga
Moringa, horseradish tree, Drumstick tree, Ben oil tree,
Yes major
Syzygium cumini
Jack plum, Jamun, Jamon
Jambolan, java plum
Yes major
Parkinsonia aculeata
Jerusalem thorn
Jerusalem thorn, Horsebean, Mexican Palo Verde, Acacia, Barbados flowerfence, Espinillo, Retaima
not attractive
minor
Caesalpinia bonduc
Guilandina crista Kannik, Horse Nicker, Gray nickerbean, Warri, Canique grise, Grey nicker, Bahama braziletto, Konik, Gwu sak borik, Gwenzye
Nicker nut, Gray nickernbean, Bonduc, Divi-divi
x minor
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bonwikt, z'yuex a chatte, kach kach, Donkey eye
Latin Synonym Grenada Common Name
US/Euro Common Name
Nectar Propalis Pollen
Cola acuminata Sterculia acuminata
Kola nut Kola nut, Abata Cola
Petiveria alliacea
Kudjoe root, Garlic root, Gully root, Conga root, Da
Gully root, Guinea Henweed
Unknown
Andira inermis Andira jamaicensis
L'angelin, Jamaican cabbage tree
Angelin, Cabbagebark tree, Batseed, Jumbie Bead, Palo De Burro, West Indian Walnut
Yes
Cymbopogon nardus
Andropogon nardus
Lemon grass Lemon grass, Citronella grass
Gouania polygama
Gouania sepiaria Liane-savon Rattan, Liane Savon
minor
Guaiacum officinale
Lignum vitae, Tree of Life
Lignum vitae, Guaiac tree
Unknown
Citrus aurantiifolia
Citrus lima Lime Lime, Key lime, Citron, Mexican lime, West Indian lime
Minor from fruit
minor
Ipomoea nil Convolvulus hederaceu
Liseron bleu Campanita, Ivy-leaved Morning Glory, Japanese morning glory, Pharbitis seeds, Red Star Glory,
Litchi chinensis Litchi Lychee Major minor
Hymenaea courbaril
Hymenaea courbaril
Locus, Stinking toe
Locust, Stinkingtoe
resin
Luffa aegyptiaca Luffa cylindrica Loofah Sponge gourd, Climbing okra, Dishcloth gourd, Loofa
Yes
Thevetia peruviana
Thevitia nerifolia Lucky nut, Yellow oleander
Lucky nut, Yellow Oleander
Yes
Stephanotis floribunda
Madagascar jasmine
Madagascar Jasmine
Low 1
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
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Latin Synonym Grenada Common Name
US/Euro Common Name
Nectar Propalis Pollen
Pithecellobium dulce
Madras thorn Madras thorn, Manila tamarind, Black beard, Monkey pod
minor
Swietenia mahagoni
Mahogany Barbados Mahogny, West indian mahogany, Small-leaved Mahogany
Unknown
?
Syzygium aqueum
Eugenia malaccensis, Eugenia aquea
Malay apple Mountain apple, Watery Rose Apple
Canavalia ensiformis
Canavalia ensiformis var.
Maljoe (grudge pea), Jamaican Horse bean, Sword bean
Jack bean, Horse bean, Garde place, Wonder bean,
Hippomane mancinella
Hippomane dioica
Manchineel, Poison apple
Manchineel Yes
Mangifera indica
Mango Mango Yes resin major
Colubrina arborescens
Colubrina ferruginosa, Colubrina colubrina
Maube bark, soap bush
Snakebark, Soaptree, Greenheart
Minor
Prosopis juliflora
Mesquite River algarrobo, alaroba, mesquite, Ironwood,
major
Waltheria indica
Monkey bush, Velvet leaf
`uhaloa, Sleepy morning
Tradescantia spathacea
Rhoeo spathacea, Rhoeo discolor
Moses-in-the-cradle
Oyster plant, Moses-in-a-boat, Three Men In A Boat, Boat lily
major
Albizia lebbeck Mimosa lebbeck Mother-in-law's tongue, Ladies tounge, Langua-a-via-femme, Siris
Lebbeck, East Indian walnut, Women's tongue, Mother-in-law's tongue, Ladies tongue, Shack-shack,
scarce
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
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langua-a-via-femme, siris
Latin Synonym Grenada Common Name
US/Euro Common Name
Nectar Propalis Pollen
Euterpe broadwayi
Euterpe dominicana, Euterpe hagleyi
Mountain cabbage
Mountain Cabbage
high
Abelmoschus esculentus
Hibiscus esculentus
Musk Ochra Okra, Gumbo, Lady's fingers, Quiabo
Low 1
Azadirachta indica
Antelaea azadirachta
Nim, Neem Neem, Indian lilac, Margosa Tree, Yepa
minor
Morinda citrifolia
Noni, Pain killer tree (Guyana), Monkey dumpling (Barbados)
Noni, Dog dumpling, Awl Tree, Great morinda, Indian mulberry, Pain killer, Yaw weed
Unknown
?
Myristica fragans
Nutmeg Nutmeg
Prestoea acuminata var. montana
Prestoea montana
Palmiste chou, Mountain palm
Mountain cabbage, palmiste chou, Sierran Palm
x
Carica papaya Papaya carica Pawpaw Papaya, Mamon, Melon tree, Paw paw,
Minor minor
Petrea volubilis Petrea subserrata
Petrea, Lilac, Sandpaper vine
Queen's wreath, Sandpaper vine
Yes minor
Jatropha curcas Curcas curcas Physic nut, Bellyache bush, Coral plant
Physic nut, Jatropha, Barbados nut,
Yes
Duranta erecta Duranta repens Pigeon berry Gold dew drop, Golden dew drop, Forget me not tree, Pigeon berry, Skyflower
Yes
Cajanus cajan Pigeon pea Pigeon pea, Tropical green pea, Congo pea, Gungo pea, Red gram,
Minor
Tabebuia rosea Tabebuia pentaphylla
Pink Poui Pink Trumpet Tree, Pink poui
Gathered from
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 121
ground flowers
Latin Synonym Grenada Common Name
US/Euro Common Name
Nectar Propalis Pollen
Musa paradisiaca
Plaintain Plantain
Euphorbia pulcherrima
Poinsettia pulcherrima
Poinsettia Poinsettia, Christmas flower
Yes
Inga laurine Inga fagifolia Pois Doux Guamá, Sacky sac bean, Poix doux
major
Punica granatum
Pomegranate Pomegranate x
Syzygium malaccense
Eugenia malaccensis
Pomme Malac, Pomerac, Frensh cashew
Malay apple, Malaysian apple, Ohia, Pomerac
Syzygium jambos
Eugenia jambos, Jambosa jambos
Pomme rose, Malabar plum
Rose apple, Jambos, Malabar plum
minor
Podranea ricasoliana
Port St. John creeper
Zimbabwe Creeper, Pandora vine, Pink trumpet tree
Yes
Opuntia stricta var. dillenii
Opuntia dillenii Prickly pear, Dildo
Prickly Pear, Sweet Prickly-pear
Argemone mexicana
Argemone leiocarpa
Prickly poppy Mexian poppy, Mexican prickly poppy, Prickly Poppy
Minor x
Melia azedarach
Pride of India Chinaberry, White cedar, Chinaberry tree, Indian lilac, Persian lilac, Tree of Heaven
Low low
Tibouchina semidecandra
Princess flower
Glory Bush, Purple Glory Tree
Good 2
Cissus verticillata
Cissus sicyoides Pudding bush, Snake vine
Water liana, Seasonvine, Snake bitters, Snake vine
Yes
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
122 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Latin Synonym Grenada Common Name
US/Euro Common Name
Nectar Propalis Pollen
Cryptostegia grandiflora
Nerium grandiflorum
Purple Allamanda, Rubber vine, Pen plant
Rubbervine, Indian rubbervine, Palay rubbervine, Purple alamanda,
Yes
Alternanthera ficoidea
Alternanthera polygonoides, Alternanthera bettzickiana
Rabbit meat Slender joyweed, Island Joyweed
Yes
Ixora coccinea Ixora coccinea var. intermedia
Red Ixora, Jungle flame
Jungle Flame, Ixora, Scarlet Jungleflame, Flame of the woods, Jungle geranium, Needle flower, Sacred ixora
Yes
Rhizophora mangle
Red mangrove Red mangrove
Albizia saman Samanea saman, Pithecellobium saman
Samann, Raintree, Massav, Cocoas tamarind, Arbre a la pluie, Cow tambran
Saman tree, Raintree, Massav, Cocos tamarind, Arbre a la pluie
Dracaena fragrans
Aletris fragrans, Sansevieria fragrans
Sand dragon Fragrant dracaena, Forest dracaena
Yes
Lippia alba Santa maria, Barbados Sage
Bushy lippia, Bushy matgrass
Yes
Manilkara zapota
Calocarpum mammosum, Achras sapota
Sapodilla, Naseberry
Sapote, Sapodilla,
Major
Kigelia pinnata Kigelia africana Sausage tree Sausage tree
Cordia sebestena
Sebesten sebestena
Scarlet Cordia, Geiger tree
Geiger Tree, Largeleaf geigertree, Anacahuita, Broadleaf
Yes minor
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
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Latin Synonym Grenada Common Name
US/Euro Common Name
Nectar Propalis Pollen
Coccoloba uvifera
Polygonum uvifera
Seaside grapes
Sea grape, Shore grape, Seaside grape
Yes
Citrus maxima Citrus grandis Shaddock, Forbidden Fruit
Pomelo, Citron, Shaddock
Yes x
Combretum latifolium
Combretum fruticosum, Combretum platyphyllum
Showy combretum
Chapamiel Yes
Ceiba pentandra
Bombax pentandrum
Silk cotton tree, Kapok
Silk-cotton tree, Devil's tree, Fromager, Mapou, Kapokier, Pin tree, Fonmaje
Yes Major
Agave Sisal Century plant x
Melicoccus bijugatus
Melicoccus bijuga
Skin-up, Genip Mamoncillo, Spanish lime, Ackee, Genip, skinup
Yes
Malvaviscus arboreus
Malvaviscus graniflorus, Achania malvaviscus
Sleeping Hibiscus
Turkscap, Sleeping Hibiscus, Wax Mallow
Yes
Pedilanthus tithymaloides
Slipper plant Slipper flower, Bird Cactus, Redbird flower
Minor
Melothria pendula
Small wild cucumber
Melonette, Wild cucumber, Creeping Cucumber Drooping melonnette, Gaudeloupe cucumber
Minor
Sapindus saponaria
Soapberry Soapberry, Wingleaf soapberry, Western soapberry
Yes
Sorghum bicolor
Sorghum, millet, Guinea grain
Sorghum
Hibiscus sabdariffa
Hibiscus cruentus
Sorrell, Red sorrell
Sorrel, Roselle Unknown
?
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
124 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Latin Synonym Grenada Common Name
US/Euro Common Name
Nectar Propalis Pollen
Citrus aurantium
Sour Orange, Seville
Seville orange, Gospo, Sour orange, Bitter Orange
minor
Tarenaya spinosa
Cleome spinosa Spider flower Spider flower, Spiny spiderflower,
High 1
Chrysophyllum cainito
Chrysophyllum bicolor
Star apple Star apple
Pentas lanceolata 'Butterfly Deep Pink'
Star clusters Egyptian star cluster
High 1
Trema micranthum
Cordia alba, Cordia dentata, Trema micranthum, Calyptracordia alba
Sticky cherry, Arbre a raisins
Tiguilote, Florida trema
Saccharum officinarum
Sugar cane Sugar cane Yes minor
Ziziphus maurtiania
Ziziphus jujua Surette, Pomme surrette, Jujube, Stink tree, Dunk, Apple dum
Ber, Indian jujube, Dunks, Chinese jujube, surette, pomme
minor
Citrus sinensis Citrus aurantium var. sinensis
Sweet Orange Sweet orange, Naval orange
High 2
Ipomoea batatas
Sweet potato Sweet potato
Sideroxylon salicifolium
Dipholis salicfolia
Sweet wood Bustic Cassada, White Bully
Unknown
Desmodium tortuosum
Desmodium annuum
Sweetheart Florida beggarweed, Tick trefoil, Dixie Tricktrefoil, Beggarweed, Dickie tick trefoil, Pega-pega
Yes x
Ximenia americana
Tallow plum Yellow plum, Sea lemon, Hog plum
Tectona grandis Teak Teak Unknown
?
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 125
Latin Synonym Grenada Common Name
US/Euro Common Name
Nectar Propalis Pollen
Thymus vulgaris Thyme Common thyme, Thyme
High 2, major
Nicotiana tabacum
Tobacco Tobacco major
Prunus caudata Trema micrantha
Trema micrantha
Jamican nettletree
Yes
Polianthes tuberosa
Polianthes gracilis
Tuberrose Tuberose Low 1
Thespesia populnea
Tulip tree, Catalpa, Seaside mahoe
Annadine, Seaside mahoe, Portia tree
Unknown
?
Bursea simaruba
Elaphrium simaruba
Turpernetine tree, West Indian birch, Naked Indian, Gommier rouge, Tourist tree
Gumbo limbo, Turpentine tree, West indian birch, Gommier rouge,Tourist tree
Yes lipo
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis
Valerianoides jamaicensis
Ven-Ven, Vervain
Blue porterweed, spikeweed
Yes
Tradescantia zebrina var. zebrina
Zebrina pendula Wandering jew, Cockroach grass
Wandering Jew x
Leucaena leucocephala
Leucaena glauca , Mimosa leucocephala
West Indian Mimosa, Shack-shack, Wild tamarind, wild mimosa, Monval, Tamrin batard, Macata, Macata-Bourse
Leucaena, Wild tamarind, Macata, White leadtree
Yes x
Tabebuia heterophylla
White cedar, White poui
White cedar, West Indies cedar, Pink Trumpet tree
Yes
Laguncularia racemosa
Conocarpus racemosa
White mangrove
White mangrove
Yes
Acnistus arborescens
Wild Tobacco Hollowheart Yes
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
126 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Latin Synonym Grenada Common Name
US/Euro Common Name
Nectar Propalis Pollen
Sida acuta Wireweed, sweet broom
Wireweed, Tea weed, Broomweed, Souther sida, Horn bean leave sida
Yes x
Senna siamea Cassia siamea Yellow (shade) Cassia, Kas
Yellow cassia, Siamese cassia, Kassod tree
Turnera ulmifolia
Yellow Ader Buttercup plant, West Indian holly, Yellow alder, Elm leaved turnera
Yes x
Cochlospermum vitifolium
Bombax vitifolium
Yellow silk shell seed
Buttercup tree, Silk cottontree, Bototo
Yes minor
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 127
TABLE 2: GRENADA NECTAR SOURCES BY NECTAR VALUE
Latin Synonym Grenada Common name
Other Common Name
Nectar Propalis Pollen
Persea
americana
Persea gratissima Avacaco, Pear,
Zaboca, Zabocaud
Avocado, Pear,
Butter fruit High x
24.4,
high
Averrhoa
carambola
Averrhoa
acutangula
Carambola, Star
fruit, Five finger
Carambola, Five
fingers, Star fruit
Major,
high none
Sechium edule Christophene, Cho-
Cho
Chayote,
Chistophfine, cho-
cho
High
Gossypium
barbadense
Gossypium
barbadense var.
acuminatum
Cotonnier, Coton,
Cottonie, Coton
pays, Sea island
cotton
Long-staple cotton,
Sea-island cotton
Higher
than
upland
cotton
minor
Psidium guayava Guava Guava High x
major,
high
Litchi chinensis Litchi Lychee Major
minor
Manilkara
zapota
Calocarpum
mammosum,
Achras sapota
Sapodilla, Naseberry Sapote, Sapodilla,
Major
Tarenaya
spinosa
Cleome spinosa Spider flower Spider flower, Spiny
spiderflower, High
1
Pentas
lanceolata
'Butterfly Deep
Pink'
Star clusters Egyptian star
cluster High
1
Citrus sinensis Citrus aurantium
var. sinensis
Sweet Orange Sweet orange,
Naval orange High
2
Thymus vulgaris Thyme Common thyme,
Thyme High
2,
major
Brugmansia
suaveolens
Datura suaveolens Angel's trumpet White Angel
Trumpet, Angel's
Trumpet tree,
Angel's tears
Good
1
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
128 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Latin Synonym Grenada Common
name
Other Common
Name Nectar Propalis Pollen
Asclepias
curassavica
Asclepias nivea
var. curassavica
Butterfly flower,
Wild ipecacuanha
Tropical Milkweed,
Blood Flower, Red
head plant, Scarlet
milkweed,
Silkweed, Wild
Ipecacuanha
Good
2
Lagerstroemia
indica
Lagerstroemia
chinensis,
Lagerstroema
speciosa
Crepe flower,
Queen's crepe
myrtle
Crape myrtle
Good
3
Lonicera
japonica
Honeysuckle Honeysuckle,
Chinese
honeysuckle, Hall's
honeysuckle,
Japanese
honeysuckle
Good
2
Tibouchina
semidecandra
Princess flower Glory Bush, Purple
Glory Tree Good
2
Tamarindus
indica
"Yellow
Falmboyante",
Tamarin, tamarinier,
Tamarin bord-de-
mer, Tanmawen
Tamarind, Tamarin
Bord-de-mer,
Tanmanwen Low
major
Cedrela odorata
Cedrela adenophylla
Acajou-bois, cigar-box cedar
Cigar box wood, Barbados cedar, Cedar, Mexican cedar, Red cedar, Spanish cedar, Zwamp cedar, West Indian Cedar
Yes
Blighia sapida Cupania sapida Akee Akee Yes
Bixa orellana Orellana
americana var.
leiocarpa
Anatto, Rourou,
Roucouyer, Rucu,
Coucu, Woucou,
Lipstick tree
Annatto, Roucou,
Roucoyer, Rucu,
Woucou, Achiote,
Lipstick plant,
Roucou, Urucum
not
annual
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 129
Latin Synonym Grenada Common
name
Other Common
Name Nectar Propalis Pollen
Dypsis lutescens
Chrysalidocarpus
lutescens
Bamboo palm Golden Cane Palm,
Golden Butterfly
Palm, Madagacar
palm, Yellow
butterfly palm
Yes
Aloe vera Aloe barbadensis Barbadoes Aloes Aloe, West Indian
Aloe, Babosa, Burn
plant, Coastal Aloe
<10%
Guazuma
ulmifolia
Guazuma
guazuma
Bastard Cedar, Bois
L'Orme, Hetre orme
Pigeon wood,
Bastard cedar,
Mutamba, West
Indian elm
Yes
Ipomoea
pescaprae
Beach Morning
Glory
Railroad vine,
Beach morning
glory
Yes
x
Avicennia germinans
Avicennia nitida Black Mangrove Black mangrove Yes minor
Lantana camara Black Sage, Wild
sage, Yellow sage,
Mille Fleurs, Sauge,
Ramgoat Bush, Bwa
wa tout, Pis-a-bed,
Jiwof fle, Bwise,
Lantana, Red sage
Lantana, Yellow
sage, Wild sage,
Bwa wa tout, Pis-a-
bed, Jiwof fle,
Bwise, West Indian
Lantana
Yes
Lablab
purpureus
Dolichos lablab Bonavist bean,
Bonavist
Hyacinth Bean,
Antaque, Banner
bean, Carmelita,
Lablab bean
Low
1
Inga edulis Inga vera sensu Cacolay, Pois doux Pois doux, Ice
cream bean Yes
Senna multijuga Caneficer batard False Sicklepod Yes
Anacardium
occidentale
Anacardium
curatellifolium
Cashew Cashew nut Yes
minor
Acacia
farnesiana
Cassie-Flowers,
Sweet cassia
Sweet acacia Yes
major
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
130 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Latin Synonym Grenada Common
name
Other Common
Name Nectar Propalis Pollen
Ricinus
communis
Castor, Carapate,
Ricin, Gwen
makwisti, Pye gwen,
Palma Christi
Caster bean, Castor
Oil Plant, Ricin Low
2
Eugenia uniflora Eugenia micheli Cerises a cotes,
Suninam cherry
Surinam Cherry,
Brazil cherry,
Pitanga
Yes
major
Chromolaena
odorata
Eupatorium
odoratum
Christmas bush Jack In The Bush,
Bitter Bush,
Christmas flower,
Christmas bush,
Common floss
flower, Siamweed,
White snake root
Yes
not
good
Citrus medica Aurantium
medicum
Citron Citron, Buddha's
hand Yes
minor
Syzygium aromaticum
Eugenia caryophyllata, Eugenia aromatica
Clove Clovetree, Clove
Yes minor
Celtis iguanaea Celtis brasiliensis,
Momisia iguanaea
Cockspur Iguana hackberry,
Cock spur Yes
Cocos nucifera Coconut Coconut Yes x major
Casearia
decandra
Anavinga
parvifolia
Coco-ravet, Jumbie
apple
Wild honeytree Yes
Coffea arabica Coffee Coffee Yes
minor
Antigonon
leptotus
Corculum
leptopum
Corallita, Coral vine,
La belle Mexicane,
Bride's tears,
Cemetary vine
Coral creeper,
coralita Miss
Rebecca, Chain of
love, Confederate
vine,
Yes
major
Zea mays Corn, Maize Corn
Low
4,
14.63
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
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Latin Synonym Grenada Common
name
Other Common
Name Nectar Propalis Pollen
Urena lobata Cousin Mahoe
(Aramina fibre)
Caesar bur,
Caesar's weed,
Cockle-bur
Yes
Casearia
sylvestris Anavinga samyda Crackopen
Crackopen Yes
Phyllanthus
acidus
Damsel, Damson Otaheite
Gooseberry,
Gooseberry
Yes
Cuphea
hyssopifolia
False heather Mexican heather,
Elfin herb, False
heather
Low
high
Chrysobalanus
icaco
Chrysobalanus
icaco var.
pellocarpus
Fat pork, Coco plum,
cacos
Coco plum, Hog
plum Yes
Pyrostegia venusta
Pyrostegia ignea Flame vine Golden shower, Flame vine
Yes
Melaleuca
linariifolia
Flax leaf, Paperback Flax-leaved
paperbark, Cajeput
Tree
Low
high
Mirabilis jalapa Four o'clock Four O'Clock Plant,
Marvel-of-peru,
Beauty of the night
Low
1
Tecoma stans Stenolobium stans Ginger thomas,
Christmas Hope,
Yellow Cedar,
Yellow Elder,
Coribee, Bois
Caraibe, Bois
pissenlit, Bois fleur
jaunes, Flambeaux
Yellow elder,
Yellow Trumpet
flowers
Yes
Gliricidia sepium Gliricidia, Quick stick Mother of cocoa,
Gliricidia, Quick
stick
Yes
not
good
Flacourtia
ramontchii
Flacourtia indica Governor plum Ramontchi,
Governor's plum,
Batokoa palm
Yes
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
132 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Latin Synonym Grenada Common
name
Other Common
Name Nectar Propalis Pollen
Vitis Grape Grape Yes
x
Citrus x paradisi Grapefruit Grapefruit Yes
minor
Dacryodes edulis Grommier blanc,
Mountin gommier,
Bois gommier,
Gommier a canots
Butter fruit, Safou,
Bush mango,
African pear,
African plum, Bush
butter, Eben tree,
Native Pear
Yes
Acrocomia
aculeata
Grugru Grou grou palm,
yellow coconut,
Coyol Palm
Yes
x
Hibiscus rosa sinensis
Hibiscus, Chinese hibiscus
Shoe-flower, Chinese hibiscus, Shoeblackplant, Chinese roose, Double rose hibiscus, Rose of china
Minor mucilage
Spondias
mombin
Spondias lutea Hog plum, mombain Java plum, Hog
plum Yes
minor
Cassia grandis Bactyrilobium
grande
Horse cassia Capote, Pink
shower, Stinking
toe
Yes
Moringa oleifera Horse radish tree
(oil of ben), moonga
Moringa,
horseradish tree,
Drumstick tree, Ben
oil tree,
Yes
major
Syzygium cumini Jack plum, Jamun,
Jamon
Jambolan, java
plum Yes
major
Andira inermis Andira
jamaicensis
L'angelin, Jamaican
cabbage tree
Angelin,
Cabbagebark tree,
Batseed, Jumbie
Bead, Palo De
Burro, West Indian
Walnut
Yes
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 133
Latin Synonym Grenada Common
name
Other Common
Name Nectar Propalis Pollen
Citrus
aurantiifolia
Citrus lima Lime Lime, Key lime,
Citron, Mexican
lime, West Indian
lime
Minor
from fruit minor
Luffa aegyptiaca Luffa cylindrica Loofah Sponge gourd,
Climbing okra,
Dishcloth gourd,
Loofa
Yes
Thevetia
peruviana
Thevitia nerifolia Lucky nut, Yellow
oleander
Lucky nut, Yellow
Oleander Yes
Stephanotis
floribunda
Madagascar jasmine Madagascar
Jasmine Low
1
Hippomane
mancinella
Hippomane dioica Manchineel, Poison
apple
Manchineel Yes
Mangifera indica Mango Mango Yes resin major
Colubrina
arborescens
Colubrina
ferruginosa,
Colubrina
colubrina
Maube bark, soap
bush
Snakebark,
Soaptree,
Greenheart Minor
Abelmoschus
esculentus
Hibiscus
esculentus
Musk Ochra Okra, Gumbo,
Lady's fingers,
Quiabo
Low
1
Carica papaya Papaya carica Pawpaw Papaya, Mamon,
Melon tree, Paw
paw,
Minor
minor
Petrea volubilis Petrea subserrata Petrea, Lilac,
Sandpaper vine
Queen's wreath,
Sandpaper vine Yes
minor
Jatropha curcas Curcas curcas Physic nut,
Bellyache bush,
Coral plant
Physic nut,
Jatropha, Barbados
nut,
Yes
Duranta erecta Duranta repens Pigeon berry Gold dew drop,
Golden dew drop,
Forget me not tree,
Pigeon berry,
Skyflower
Yes
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
134 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Latin Synonym Grenada Common
name
Other Common
Name Nectar Propalis Pollen
Cajanus cajan Pigeon pea Pigeon pea,
Tropical green pea,
Congo pea, Gungo
pea, Red gram,
Minor
Tabebuia rosea Tabebuia
pentaphylla
Pink Poui Pink Trumpet Tree,
Pink poui
Gathered
from
ground
flowers
Euphorbia pulcherrima
Poinsettia pulcherrima
Poinsettia Poinsettia, Christmas flower
Yes
Podranea
ricasoliana
Port St. John
creeper
Zimbabwe Creeper,
Pandora vine, Pink
trumpet tree
Yes
Argemone
mexicana
Argemone
leiocarpa
Prickly poppy Mexian poppy,
Mexican prickly
poppy, Prickly
Poppy
Minor
x
Melia azedarach Pride of India Chinaberry, White
cedar, Chinaberry
tree, Indian lilac,
Persian lilac, Tree
of Heaven
Low
low
Cissus verticillata
Cissus sicyoides Pudding bush, Snake
vine
Water liana,
Seasonvine, Snake
bitters, Snake vine
Yes
Cryptostegia
grandiflora
Nerium
grandiflorum
Purple Allamanda,
Rubber vine, Pen
plant
Rubbervine, Indian
rubbervine, Palay
rubbervine, Purple
alamanda,
Yes
Alternanthera
ficoidea
Alternanthera
polygonoides,
Alternanthera
bettzickiana
Rabbit meat Slender joyweed,
Island Joyweed Yes
Ixora coccinea Ixora coccinea
var. intermedia
Red Ixora, Jungle
flame
Jungle Flame, Ixora,
Scarlet Jungleflame,
Flame of the
woods, Jungle
Yes
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 135
geranium, Needle
flower, Sacred ixora
Latin Synonym Grenada Common
name
Other Common
Name Nectar Propalis Pollen
Dracaena
fragrans
Aletris fragrans,
Sansevieria
fragrans
Sand dragon Fragrant dracaena,
Forest dracaena Yes
Lippia alba Santa maria, Barbados Sage
Bushy lippia, Bushy matgrass
Yes
Cordia
sebestena
Sebesten
sebestena
Scarlet Cordia,
Geiger tree
Geiger Tree,
Largeleaf
geigertree,
Anacahuita,
Broadleaf
Yes
minor
Coccoloba
uvifera
Polygonum
uvifera
Seaside grapes Sea grape, Shore
grape, Seaside
grape
Yes
Citrus maxima Citrus grandis Shaddock,
Forbidden Fruit
Pomelo, Citron,
Shaddock Yes
x
Combretum
latifolium
Combretum
fruticosum,
Combretum
platyphyllum
Showy combretum Chapamiel
Yes
Ceiba pentandra Bombax
pentandrum
Silk cotton tree,
Kapok
Silk-cotton tree,
Devil's tree,
Fromager, Mapou,
Kapokier, Pin tree,
Fonmaje
Yes
Major
Melicoccus
bijugatus
Melicoccus bijuga Skin-up, Genip Mamoncillo,
Spanish lime,
Ackee, Genip,
skinup
Yes
Malvaviscus
arboreus
Malvaviscus
graniflorus,
Achania
malvaviscus
Sleeping Hibiscus Turkscap, Sleeping
Hibiscus, Wax
Mallow Yes
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
136 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Latin Synonym Grenada Common
name
Other Common
Name Nectar Propalis Pollen
Pedilanthus
tithymaloides
Slipper plant Slipper flower, Bird
Cactus, Redbird
flower
Minor
Sapindus saponaria
Soapberry Soapberry, Wingleaf soapberry, Western soapberry
Yes
Saccharum
officinarum
Sugar cane Sugar cane Yes
minor
Desmodium
tortuosum
Desmodium
annuum
Sweetheart Florida
beggarweed, Tick
trefoil, Dixie
Tricktrefoil,
Beggarweed, Dickie
tick trefoil, Pega-
pega
Yes
x
Prunus caudata Trema micrantha Trema micrantha Jamican nettletree Yes
Polianthes
tuberosa
Polianthes gracilis Tuberrose Tuberose Low
1
Bursea simaruba Elaphrium
simaruba
Turpernetine tree,
West Indian birch,
Naked Indian,
Gommier rouge,
Tourist tree
Gumbo limbo,
Turpentine tree,
West indian birch,
Gommier
rouge,Tourist tree
Yes lipo
Stachytarpheta
jamaicensis
Valerianoides
jamaicensis
Ven-Ven, Vervain Blue porterweed,
spikeweed Yes
Leucaena
leucocephala
Leucaena glauca ,
Mimosa
leucocephala
West Indian
Mimosa, Shack-
shack, Wild
tamarind, wild
mimosa, Monval,
Tamrin batard,
Macata, Macata-
Bourse
Leucaena, Wild
tamarind, Macata,
White leadtree
Yes
x
Tabebuia
heterophylla
White cedar, White
poui
White cedar, West
Indies cedar, Pink
Trumpet tree
Yes
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 137
Latin Synonym Grenada Common
name
Other Common
Name Nectar Propalis Pollen
Laguncularia
racemosa
Conocarpus
racemosa
White mangrove White mangrove Yes
Acnistus arborescens
Wild Tobacco Hollowheart Yes
Sida acuta Wireweed, sweet
broom
Wireweed, Tea
weed, Broomweed,
Souther sida, Horn
bean leave sida
Yes
x
Turnera ulmifolia Yellow Ader Buttercup plant,
West Indian holly,
Yellow alder, Elm
leaved turnera
Yes
x
Cochlospermum
vitifolium
Bombax vitifolium Yellow silk shell
seed
Buttercup tree, Silk
cottontree, Bototo Yes
minor
Tecoma capensis "Honeysuckle" Caoe
Trumpet flower
Cape Honeysuckle
x
Pimenta dioica Allspice, Pimento Allspice
Terminalia
bellerica
Berlliric myrobalan Behda, Belleric
myrobalan, Beach
Almond, Bedda nut
tree
minor
Vigna
unguiculata
subsp.
unguiculata
Vigna sinensis Black eye pea Cowpea
Lagenaria
siceraria
Cucurbita
lagenaria
Bottle gourd Hue, Bottle Gourd,
Calabash, White
flower gourd
Artocarpus
heterophyllus
Artocarpus
integrifolius Bread nut, Jackfruit
Jack fruit
latex
Artocarpus altilis Artocarpus
communis
Breadfruit, Breadnut Bread fruit
latex
Acacia nilotica Briar, Piquant, Jacques-á-chat,
Cassie, Babul
Egyptian Thorn, Scented-pod acacia, Gum Arabic tree
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
138 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Latin Synonym Grenada Common
name
Other Common
Name Nectar Propalis Pollen
Hedychium
coronarium
Amomum
filiforme
Butterfly lily Camia, White
Garland-lily,
Butterfly ginger,
Garland flower,
Ginger lily
Conocarpus
erectus
Button Mangrove,
Grey mangrove
Buttonwood,
Caribbean
mangrove, Button
Mangrove, Silver-
leaved Buttonwood
Brassica Cabbage, kale,
turnip, pak choy,
pork chives
Mustard, Cabbage
Haematoxylum
campechianum
Haematoxylon
campechianum
Campheche,
Campeachy wood,
Kampech,
Champish,
Bloodwood tree
Logwood,
Campseche,
Kampech,
Bloodwood tree
not
good
Elettaria
cardamomum
Amomum
cardamomum
Cardamon Cardamom
Agave
caribaeicola
Agave grenadina Century Plant Century plant
Gouania
lupuloides
Banisteria
lupuloides
Chew Stick Bejuco de indio,
Indian vine,
Chewstick minor
Capsicum
annuum
Capsicum annuum
var. conoide
Chilli, Red chilli,
Sweet Chilli, Paprika
Bell pepper, Green
pepper, Sweet
pepper, Chili
pepper
minor
Gossypium Cotton Cotton
Caesalpinia coriaria
Libidibia coriaria Divi-Divi Divi divi, American sumac, Cascolate
minor
Solanum
melongena
Eggplant, Aubergine Eggplant,
Aubergine
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 139
Latin Synonym Grenada Common
name
Other Common
Name Nectar Propalis Pollen
Delonix regia Poinciana regia Flamboyante,
Poinciana, Flame
Tree
Royal ponciana,
Flamboyant,
Flametree, Gold
mohar
not
annual
Plumeria rubra Frangipani Frangipani, Red
Frangipani,
Nosegay, Pagoda
Tree, Temple tree
latex
Cannabis sativa Cannabis sativa
var. indica
Ganjah, Hemp Hemp None
3
Spondias dulcis Spondias cytherea Golden apple,
Pomecythere, June
plum, Yellow plum,
Golden apple,
Otaheite plum
Golden apple
Unknown
Cassia fistula Golden Shower Golden shower,
Purging cassia
Cicer arietinum Ononis
crotalarioides
Gram Chick pea,
Garbanzo bean minor
Cordia obliqua Gum, Clammy
cherry
Clammy cherry Unknown
?
Parkinsonia
aculeata
Jerusalem thorn Jerusalem thorn,
Horsebean,
Mexican Palo
Verde, Acacia,
Barbados
flowerfence,
Espinillo, Retaima
not
attractive minor
Caesalpinia bonduc
Guilandina crista Kannik, Horse Nicker, Gray nickerbean, Warri, Canique grise, Grey nicker, Bahama braziletto, Konik, Gwu sak borik, Gwenzye bonwikt, z'yuex a chatte, kach kach, Donkey eye
Nicker nut, Gray nickernbean, Bonduc, Divi-divi
x minor
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
140 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Latin Synonym Grenada Common
name
Other Common
Name Nectar Propalis Pollen
Cola acuminata Sterculia
acuminata
Kola nut Kola nut, Abata
Cola
Petiveria alliacea Kudjoe root, Garlic
root, Gully root,
Conga root, Da
Gully root, Guinea
Henweed Unknown
Cymbopogon
nardus
Andropogon
nardus
Lemon grass Lemon grass,
Citronella grass
Gouania
polygama
Gouania sepiaria Liane-savon Rattan, Liane Savon
minor
Guaiacum
officinale
Lignum vitae, Tree
of Life
Lignum vitae,
Guaiac tree Unknown
Ipomoea nil Convolvulus
hederaceu
Liseron bleu Campanita, Ivy-
leaved Morning
Glory, Japanese
morning glory,
Pharbitis seeds, Red
Star Glory,
Hymenaea
courbaril
Hymenaea
courbaril
Locus, Stinking toe Locust, Stinkingtoe
resin
Pithecellobium
dulce
Madras thorn Madras thorn,
Manila tamarind,
Black beard,
Monkey pod
minor
Syzygium
aqueum
Eugenia
malaccensis,
Eugenia aquea
Malay apple Mountain apple,
Watery Rose Apple
Canavalia
ensiformis
Canavalia
ensiformis var.
Maljoe (grudge
pea), Jamaican
Horse bean, Sword
bean
Jack bean, Horse
bean, Garde place,
Wonder bean,
Prosopis juliflora Mesquite River algarrobo,
alaroba, mesquite,
Ironwood, major
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 141
Latin Synonym Grenada Common
name
Other Common
Name Nectar Propalis Pollen
Waltheria indica Monkey bush,
Velvet leaf
`uhaloa, Sleepy
morning
Tradescantia
spathacea
Rhoeo spathacea,
Rhoeo discolor
Moses-in-the-cradle Oyster plant,
Moses-in-a-boat,
Three Men In A
Boat, Boat lily
major
Albizia lebbeck Mimosa lebbeck Mother-in-law's
tongue, Ladies
tounge, Langua-a-
via-femme, Siris
Lebbeck, East
Indian walnut,
Women's tongue,
Mother-in-law's
tongue, Ladies
tongue, Shack-
shack, langua-a-via-
femme, siris
scarce
Euterpe
broadwayi
Euterpe
dominicana,
Euterpe hagleyi
Mountain cabbage Mountain Cabbage
high
Azadirachta
indica
Antelaea
azadirachta
Nim, Neem Neem, Indian lilac,
Margosa Tree, Yepa minor
Morinda
citrifolia
Noni, Pain killer tree
(Guyana), Monkey
dumpling
(Barbados)
Noni, Dog
dumpling, Awl Tree,
Great morinda,
Indian mulberry,
Pain killer, Yaw
weed
Unknown
?
Myristica fragans Nutmeg Nutmeg
Prestoea
acuminata var.
montana
Prestoea montana Palmiste chou,
Mountain palm
Mountain cabbage,
palmiste chou,
Sierran Palm x
Musa
paradisiaca
Plaintain Plantain
Inga laurine Inga fagifolia Pois Doux Guamá, Sacky sac
bean, Poix doux major
Punica granatum Pomegranate Pomegranate
x
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
142 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Latin Synonym Grenada Common
name
Other Common
Name Nectar Propalis Pollen
Syzygium malaccense
Eugenia malaccensis
Pomme Malac, Pomerac, Frensh cashew
Malay apple, Malaysian apple, Ohia, Pomerac
Syzygium jambos Eugenia jambos,
Jambosa jambos
Pomme rose,
Malabar plum
Rose apple,
Jambos, Malabar
plum
minor
Opuntia stricta
var. dillenii
Opuntia dillenii Prickly pear, Dildo Prickly Pear, Sweet
Prickly-pear
Rhizophora
mangle
Red mangrove Red mangrove
Albizia saman
Samanea saman,
Pithecellobium
saman
Samann, Raintree,
Massav, Cocoas
tamarind, Arbre a la
pluie, Cow tambran
Saman tree,
Raintree, Massav,
Cocos tamarind,
Arbre a la pluie
Kigelia pinnata Kigelia africana Sausage tree Sausage tree
Agave Sisal Century plant x
Sorghum bicolor Sorghum, millet,
Guinea grain
Sorghum
Hibiscus
sabdariffa
Hibiscus cruentus Sorrell, Red sorrell Sorrel, Roselle Unknown ?
Citrus aurantium Sour Orange, Seville Seville orange,
Gospo, Sour
orange, Bitter
Orange
minor
Chrysophyllum
cainito
Chrysophyllum
bicolor
Star apple Star apple
Cordia dentata Cordia alba,
Trema
micranthum,
Calyptracordia
alba
Sticky cherry, Arbre
a raisins
Tiguilote, Florida
trema
Ziziphus
maurtiania
Ziziphus jujua Surette, Pomme
surrette, Jujube,
Stink tree, Dunk,
Apple dum
Ber, Indian jujube,
Dunks, Chinese
jujube, surette,
pomme
minor
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 143
Latin Synonym Grenada Common
name
Other Common
Name Nectar Propalis Pollen
Ipomoea batatas Sweet potato Sweet potato
Sideroxylon
salicifolium
Dipholis salicfolia Sweet wood Bustic Cassada,
White Bully Unknown
Ximenia
americana
Tallow plum Yellow plum, Sea
lemon, Hog plum
Tectona grandis Teak Teak Unknown ?
Nicotiana
tabacum
Tobacco Tobacco major
Thespesia
populnea
Tulip tree, Catalpa,
Seaside mahoe
Annadine, Seaside
mahoe, Portia tree Unknown ?
Tradescantia
zebrina var.
zebrina
Zebrina pendula Wandering jew,
Cockroach grass
Wandering Jew
x
Senna siamea Cassia siamea Yellow (shade)
Cassia, Kas
Yellow cassia,
Siamese cassia,
Kassod tree
Terminalia
catappa
Almond, Indian
almond, Seaside
almond
Tropical Almond,
Indian almond Unknown ?
Begonia Begoniae Purple begonia,
Begonias Unknown ?
Celosia cristata Celosia argentea
var. cristata
Cockscomb Crested
Cockscomb, Cock's
comb, Cultivated
cockscomb
Good 2
Citharexylum
spinosum
Citharexylum
fruticosum
Fiddlewood,
Cutlette, Pendula,
Cutlet, Bois cocklet,
Kiklet, Figbush, Fairy
tree, Bois carre
Cutlet, Fiddlewood,
Flordia fiddlewood,
Bois fidele,
Pendula, Bois
cocklet, Koklet,
Figbush, Fairy tree,
Bois carre
Unknown
Swietenia
mahagoni
Mahogany Barbados Mahogny,
West indian Unknown ?
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
144 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
mahogany, Small-
leaved Mahogany
Melothria
pendula
Small wild
cucumber
Melonette, Wild
cucumber,
Creeping Cucumber
Drooping
melonnette,
Gaudeloupe
cucumber
Minor
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 145
TABLE OF FIGURES 1 Capped honey on the top portion while nectar is on the bottom uncapped, photo by Author .......................... 11 2 Dried seed head of Cedrela odorata via herbario.up.ac.pa ............................................................................... 14 3 Tree & leaves of Cedrela odorata via keys.lucidcentral.org .............................................................................. 14 4 Blighia sapida fruit via Author .......................................................................................................................... 14 5 Blighia sapida flower via eol.org ...................................................................................................................... 14 6 Pimenta dioica bark via eol.org ........................................................................................................................ 15 7 Pimenta dioica flower via eol.org ..................................................................................................................... 15 8 Brugmansia suaveolens flower and plant via eol.org .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 9 Persea americana fruit via eol.org .................................................................................................................... 17 10 Persea americana flower via eol,org .............................................................................................................. 17 11 Dypsis lutescens flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 17 12 Dypsis lutescens tree via eol.org ..................................................................................................................... 17 13 Aloe vera via author ....................................................................................................................................... 18 14 Guazuma ulmifolia fruit and Leaves via eol.org............................................................................................. 18 15 Begonia flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................................. 19 16 Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata flower via eol.org .............................................................................. 20 17 Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata seed and leaf via eol.org ................................................................... 20 18 Lablab purpureus bean via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 22 19 Lagenaria siceraria flower on vine and green gourd via eol.org .................................................................... 23 20 Lagenaria siceraria dried gourd via eol.org .................................................................................................... 23 21 Artocarpus heterophyllus nut via author ......................................................................................................... 23 22 Artocarpus heterophyllus Fruit via author ....................................................................................................... 23 23 Artocarpus heterophyllus tree & leaves via author ......................................................................................... 23 24 Artocarpus altilis flower via author ................................................................................................................ 24 25 Artocarpus altilis fruit and leaves via eol.org ................................................................................................. 24 26 Artocarpus altilis latex on fruit used by bees for propolis via eol.org ............................................................. 24 27 Asclepias curassavica flower via eol.org ........................................................................................................ 25 28 Asclepias curassavica plant via eol.org .......................................................................................................... 25 29 Hedychium coronarium flower via author ...................................................................................................... 25 30 Hedychium coronarium plant via author ........................................................................................................ 25 31 Conocarpus erectus flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 26 32 Conocarpus erectus bark via eol.org ............................................................................................................... 26 33 Brassica flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................................. 26 34 Brassica group of flowers via eol.org ............................................................................................................. 26 35 Inga edulis via eol.org .................................................................................................................................... 27 36 Inga edulis fruit via author ............................................................................................................................. 27 37 Inga edulis fruit interior via author ................................................................................................................. 27 38 Inga edulis tree via eol.org ............................................................................................................................. 27 39 Haematoxylum campechianum flowers via eol.org ....................................................................................... 27 40 Haematoxylum campechianum seeds via eol.org .......................................................................................... 27 41 Senna multijuga flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 28 42 Senna multijuga via eol.org ............................................................................................................................ 28 43 Averrhoa carambola fruit and flower via author ............................................................................................ 28 44 Elettaria cardamomum flower via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 29 45 Elettaria cardamomum plant via eol.org ......................................................................................................... 29 46 Anacardium occidentale leaf, fruit and flower via author ............................................................................... 29 47 Acacia farnesiana flowers via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 30 48 Acacia farnesiana seeds via eol.org ............................................................................................................... 30 49 Ricinus communis plant via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 30 50 Agave caribaeicola in bloom via Google ....................................................................................................... 31 51 Eugenia uniflora flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 31 52 Eugenia uniflora fruit via eol.org .................................................................................................................... 31
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
146 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
53 Eugenia uniflora tree via eol.org .................................................................................................................... 31 54 Gouania lupuloides flowers via eol.org ......................................................................................................... 32 55 Gouania lupuloides flowered branch via eol.org ........................................................................................... 32 56 Gouania lupuloides seedlings via eol.org ...................................................................................................... 32 57 Capsicum annuum flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 32 58 Capsicum annuum pepper via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 32 59 Chromolaena odorata flower via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 33 60 Chromolaena odorata via eol.org ................................................................................................................... 33 61 Sechium edule flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................... 33 62 Sechium edule fruit via author ........................................................................................................................ 33 63 Sechium edule vine via eol.org ...................................................................................................................... 33 64 Citrus medica flower via eol.org..................................................................................................................... 34 65 Citrus medica fruit varitals via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 34 66 Syzygium aromaticum flowers via eol.org ..................................................................................................... 34 67 Syzygium aromaticum fruit via eol.org .......................................................................................................... 34 68 Syzygium aromaticum leaves via eol.org ...................................................................................................... 34 69 Celosia cristata flower via eol.org .................................................................................................................. 35 70 Celtis iguanaea fruit via eol.org ..................................................................................................................... 35 71 Cocos nucifera flowers via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 36 72 Cocos nucifera dwarf variety via eol.org........................................................................................................ 36 73 Cocos nucifera tall variety via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 36 74 Casearia decandra flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 36 75 Casearia decandra fruit via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 36 76 Coffea arabica flowers via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 37 77 Coffea arabica berries via eol.org .................................................................................................................. 37 78 Coffea arabica tree via eol.org ....................................................................................................................... 37 79 Antigonon leptotus via author ........................................................................................................................ 37 80 Zea mays flower stalk via eol.org .................................................................................................................. 38 81 Zea mays silk via eol.org ............................................................................................................................... 38 82 Zea mays ear via eol.org ............................................................................................................................... 38 83 Gossypium barbadense flower via eol.org..................................................................................................... 38 84 Gossypium barbadense cotton via eol.org ..................................................................................................... 38 85 Gossypium flower and cotton via eol.org ...................................................................................................... 39 86 Urena lobata flower via eol.org ..................................................................................................................... 39 87 Urena lobata fruit detail via eol.org ............................................................................................................... 39 88 Urena lobata plant via eol.org ........................................................................................................................ 39 89 Casearia sylvestris flower detail via eol.org .................................................................................................. 40 90 Casearia sylvestris flower cluster via eol.org ................................................................................................. 40 91 Casearia sylvestris branch via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 40 92 Lagerstroemia indica flower via author .......................................................................................................... 40 93 Lagerstroemia indica bush via author ............................................................................................................ 40 94 Citharexylum spinosum flower via eol.org .................................................................................................... 41 95 Citharexylum spinosum fruit on branch via eol.org ....................................................................................... 41 96 Citharexylum spinosum tree via eol.org ......................................................................................................... 41 97 Phyllanthus acidus flowers via eol.org .......................................................................................................... 41 98 Phyllanthus acidus fruit via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 41 99 Caesalpinia coriaria flowers via eol.org ......................................................................................................... 42 100 Caesalpinia coriaria seedpods via eol.org .................................................................................................... 42 101 Caesalpinia coriaria bark via eol.org............................................................................................................ 42 102 Solanum melongena flower via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 42 103 Solanum melongena fruit via eol.org ........................................................................................................... 42 104 Cuphea hyssopifolia flower via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 43 105 Chrysobalanus icaco flower via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 43 106 Chrysobalanus icaco fruit via eol.org ........................................................................................................... 43 107 Delonix regia flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................... 44 108 Delonix regia branch via eol.org .................................................................................................................. 44
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 147
109 Pyrostegia venusta flower via eol.org .......................................................................................................... 44 110 Pyrostegia venusta via eol.org ..................................................................................................................... 44 111 Melaleuca linariifolia flower via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 45 112 Melaleuca linariifolia tree via eol.org ........................................................................................................... 45 113 Mirabilis jalapa flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................... 45 114 Mirabilis jalapa buds via eol.org .................................................................................................................. 45 115 Mirabilis jalapa plant via eol.org .................................................................................................................. 45 116 Plumeria rubra flower via author .................................................................................................................. 46 117 Plumeria rubra plant via author .................................................................................................................... 46 118 Cannabis sativa buds via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 46 119 Cannabis sativa plant via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 46 120 Tecoma stans flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................... 47 121 Tecoma stans seed pods via eol.org ............................................................................................................. 47 122 Tecoma stans tree via eol.org ....................................................................................................................... 47 123 Gliricidia sepium flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................. 48 124 Gliricidia sepium seed pod & flowers via eol.org ......................................................................................... 48 125 Gliricidia sepium tree via eol.org .................................................................................................................. 48 126 Spondias dulcis flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 48 127 Spondias dulcis fruit via eol.org ................................................................................................................... 48 128 Cassia fistula flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................... 49 129 Cassia fistula tree via eol.org ....................................................................................................................... 49 130 Flacourtia ramontchii flower via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 49 131 Flacourtia ramontchii fruit via eol.org ........................................................................................................... 49 132 Cicer arietinum flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 50 133 Cicer arietinum seed pod via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 50 134 Vitis flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................................. 50 135 Vitus fruit and leaf via eol.org ...................................................................................................................... 50 136 Citrus x paradisi flower via eol.org .............................................................................................................. 51 137 Dacryodes edulis flowers via flickr ............................................................................................................... 51 138 Dacryodes edulis fruit via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 51 139 Acrocomia aculeata flower via eol.org ......................................................................................................... 52 140 Acrocomia aculeata small fruit via eol.org ................................................................................................... 52 141 Acrocomia aculeata trunk via eol.org ........................................................................................................... 52 142 Psidium guayava flower via eol.org............................................................................................................. 52 143 Psidium guayava young fruit via eol.org ..................................................................................................... 52 144 Cordia obliqua via author ..................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 145 Hibiscus rosa sinensis flower via author ...................................................................................................... 53 146 Hibiscus rosa sinensis plant via eol.org ........................................................................................................ 53 147 Spondias mombin flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 54 148 Spondias mombin leaves and flowers via eol.org ........................................................................................ 54 149 Lonicera japonica flower via eol.org............................................................................................................. 54 150 Lonicera japonica plant via eol.org ............................................................................................................... 54 151 Tecoma capensis flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................. 55 152 Tecoma capensis plant via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 55 153 Cassia grandis botanical via eol.org ............................................................................................................. 55 154 Cassia grandis flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 55 155 Cassia grandis seed pods via eol.org ........................................................................................................... 55 156 Moringa oleifera flower via eol.org .............................................................................................................. 56 157 Moringa oleifera plant with seed pods via eol.org ....................................................................................... 56 158 Syzygium cumini flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................. 56 159 Syzygium cumini fruit via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 56 160 Syzygium cumini plant via eol.org ............................................................................................................... 56 161 Trema micrantha flowers via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 57 162 Parkinsonia aculeata flower via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 57 163 Parkinsonia aculeata seed & pod eol.org ...................................................................................................... 57 164 Caesalpinia bonduc seed pod via eol.org ..................................................................................................... 58
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
148 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
165 Caesalpinia bonduc flower via eol.org ......................................................................................................... 58 166 Cola acuminate flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................... 58 167 Cola acuminate botanical via eol.org ........................................................................................................... 58 168 Cola acuminate nut via eol.org .................................................................................................................... 58 169 Petiveria alliacea via eol.org ........................................................................................................................ 59 170 Petiveria alliacea flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................. 59 171 Andira inermis fruit via eol.org .................................................................................................................... 59 172 Andira inermis plant via eol.org ................................................................................................................... 59 173 Andira inermis flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 59 174 Cymbopogon nardus plant via author .......................................................................................................... 60 175 Gouania polygama seed via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 60 176 Gouania polygama flower via eol.org ......................................................................................................... 60 177 Gouania polygama plant via eol.org ........................................................................................................... 60 178 Guaiacum officinale flower via eol.org ........................................................................................................ 61 179 Guaiacum officinale Grenadian postage stamp via eol.org ......................................................................... 61 180 Guaiacum officinale seed via eol.org ........................................................................................................... 61 181 Citrus aurantiifolia flower via eol.org........................................................................................................... 61 182 Citrus aurantiifolia plant and fruit via eol.org .............................................................................................. 61 183 Ipomoea nil flower via eol.org ..................................................................................................................... 62 184 Ipomoea nil plant via eol.org ....................................................................................................................... 62 185 Ipomoea nil seeds via eol.org ...................................................................................................................... 62 186 Litchi chinensis flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 62 187 Litchi chinensis fruit via eol.org .................................................................................................................... 62 188 Hymenaea courbaril flower via eol.org ........................................................................................................ 63 189 Hymenaea courbaril fruit/seed pod via eol.org ............................................................................................ 63 190 Luffa aegyptiaca flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................. 63 191 Luffa aegyptiaca plant via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 63 192 Luffa aegyptiaca seeds and sponge via eol.org ........................................................................................... 63 193 Thevetia peruviana flower via eol.org ......................................................................................................... 64 194 Thevetia peruviana seed via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 64 195 Stephanotis floribunda buds and leaves via eol.org .................................................................................... 64 196 Stephanotis floribunda flower via eol.org .................................................................................................... 64 197 Pithecellobium dulce flower via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 65 198 Pithecellobium dulce seed pod via eol.org ................................................................................................... 65 199 Swietenia mahagoni flower via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 65 200 Swietenia mahagoni seed pod via eol.org ................................................................................................... 65 201 Swietenia mahagoni tree via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 65 202 Syzygium aqueum Flower via wikipedia ..................................................................................................... 66 203 Syzygium aqueum fruit via eol.org .............................................................................................................. 66 204 Canavalia ensiformis flower via eol.org ...................................................................................................... 66 205 Canavalia ensiformis seed pod and plant via eol.org .................................................................................. 66 206 Hippomane mancinella plant via author ...................................................................................................... 67 207 Hippomane mancinella via eol.org .............................................................................................................. 67 208 Hippomane mancinella fruit via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 67 209 Mangifera indica flower via author .............................................................................................................. 67 210 Mangifera indica fruit via author .................................................................................................................. 67 211 Colubrina arborescens flower via eol.org ..................................................................................................... 68 212 Colubrina arborescens leaf via eol.org ......................................................................................................... 68 213 Yucca aloifloila in bloom via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 68 214 Prosopis juliflora flower and seed pod via eol.org ....................................................................................... 69 215 Prosopis juliflora thorn and branch via eol.org ............................................................................................ 69 216 Waltheria indica flower and plant via eol.org .............................................................................................. 69 217 Tradescantia spathacea flowers via eol.org ................................................................................................. 70 218 Tradescantia spathacea in bloom via eol.org ............................................................................................... 70 219 Albizia lebbeck flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................... 71 220 Albizia lebbeck seed pod via eol.org ........................................................................................................... 71
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 149
221 Abelmoschus esculentus flower via eol.org .................................................................................................. 72 222 Abelmoschus esculentus plant via eol.org .................................................................................................... 72 223 Azadirachta indica flower via eol.org ........................................................................................................... 72 224 Azadirachta indica seed via eol.org ............................................................................................................. 72 225 Morinda citrifolia flower and fruit via author ................................................................................................ 73 226 Myristica fragans fruit and seed via author .................................................................................................. 73 227 Prestoea acuminata var. montana berries ..................................................................................................... 74 228 Carica papaya flower and fruit via author .................................................................................................... 74 229 Petrea volubilis flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 75 230 Jatropha curcas flowers via eol.org .............................................................................................................. 75 231 Jatropha curcas seeds via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 75 232 Duranta erecta plant, flowers and berries via author .................................................................................... 76 233 Duranta erecta flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 76 234 Duranta erecta seedpod and flower via eol.org ............................................................................................ 76 235 Tabebuia rosea flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 77 236 Tabebuia rosea seedpod via eol.org ............................................................................................................. 77 237 Musa paradisiaca plant via eol.org .............................................................................................................. 77 238 Musa paradisiaca flower detail via eol.org .................................................................................................. 77 239 Euphorbia pulcherrima flower via eol.org .................................................................................................... 78 240 Inga laurina flower via eol.org ..................................................................................................................... 78 241 Inga laurina seed pod via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 78 242 Punica granatum flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................. 79 243 Punica granatum fruit via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 79 244 Syzygium malaccense flower via eol.org ..................................................................................................... 79 245 Syzygium malaccense fruit via eol.org ......................................................................................................... 79 246 Syzygium jambos flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 80 247 Syzygium jambos fruit via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 80 248 Podranea ricasoliana flower via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 80 249 Opuntia stricta var. dillenii flower via eol.org .............................................................................................. 81 250 Opuntia stricta var. dillenii plant via eol.org ................................................................................................ 81 251 Argemone mexicana plant via eol.org .......................................................................................................... 81 252 Melia azedarach flower via eol.org .............................................................................................................. 82 253 Melia azedarach fruit/seed via eol.org ......................................................................................................... 82 254 Tibouchina semidecandra flower via eol.org ................................................................................................ 82 255 Cissus verticillata flowerbud via author ....................................................................................................... 83 256 Cissus verticillata berries via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 83 257 Cryptostegia grandiflora flower via eol.org .................................................................................................. 83 258 Cryptostegia grandiflora seed pod via eol.org .............................................................................................. 83 259 Alternanthera ficoidea flower via eol.org ..................................................................................................... 84 260 Alternanthera ficoidea plant via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 84 261 Rhizophora mangle flower via eol.org ......................................................................................................... 85 262 Rhizophora mangle plant with panicle via eol.org ....................................................................................... 85 263 Albizia saman flowervia eol.org .................................................................................................................. 85 264 Albizia saman leaf and seed via eol.org ...................................................................................................... 85 265 Dracaena fragrans flower via eol.org ........................................................................................................... 86 266 Dracaena fragrans plant via eol.org ............................................................................................................. 86 267 Lippia alba flower via eol.org ....................................................................................................................... 86 268 Manilkara zapota flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 87 269 Manilkara zapota fruit and tree via author ................................................................................................... 87 270 Kigelia pinnata flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 87 271 Kigelia pinnata fruit via eol.org .................................................................................................................... 87 272 Cordia sebestena flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................. 88 273 Cordia sebestena fruit via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 88 274 Coccoloba uvifera flower detail via eol.org .................................................................................................. 88 275 Coccoloba uvifera flowering plant via eol.org .............................................................................................. 88 276 Coccoloba uvifera fruit.................................................................................................................................. 88
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
150 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
277 Citrus maxima flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 89 278 Citrus maxima fruit via eol.org ..................................................................................................................... 89 279 Combretum latifolium flower via wikipedia commons ................................................................................. 89 280 Combretum latifolium seed pod via idtools.org ............................................................................................ 89 281 Ceiba pentandra flower via eol.org .............................................................................................................. 90 282 Ceiba pentandra seed via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 90 283 Ceiba pentandra butresses and trunk via author .......................................................................................... 90 284 Agave flowervia eol.org .............................................................................................................................. 90 285 Agave blooming plant via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 90 286 Melicoccus bijugatus flower via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 91 287 Melicoccus bijugatus fruit via author ............................................................................................................ 91 288 Malvaviscus arboreus flower via eol.org ..................................................................................................... 91 289 Malvaviscus arboreus leaf and seed via eol.org .......................................................................................... 91 290 Pedilanthus tithymaloides flower via eol.org ............................................................................................... 92 291 Pedilanthus tithymaloides plant via eol.org ................................................................................................. 92 292 Melothria pendula flower via eol.org ........................................................................................................... 92 293 Melothria pendula fruit via eol.org ............................................................................................................... 92 294 Sapindus saponaria flower detail via eol.org ............................................................................................... 93 295 Sapindus saponaria flowers via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 93 296 Sapindus saponaria fruit via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 93 297 Sorghum bicolor flowering head via eol.org ................................................................................................ 93 298 Sorghum bicolor field via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 93 299 Hibiscus sabdariffa flower ........................................................................................................................... 94 300 Hibiscus sabdariffa fruit via eol.org ............................................................................................................. 94 301 Citrus aurantium flower via eol.org .............................................................................................................. 94 302 Citrus aurantium fruit via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 94 303 Tarenaya spinosa flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 95 304 Tarenaya spinosa plant via eol.org .............................................................................................................. 95 305 Chrysophyllum cainito fruit via eol.org ........................................................................................................ 95 306 Chrysophyllum cainito flower via www.plantcreations.com ....................................................................... 95 307 Pentas lanceolata flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 96 308 Pentas lanceolata bush via author ............................................................................................................... 96 309 Trema micranthum flower via eol.org .......................................................................................................... 96 310 Trema micranthum fruit via eol.org .............................................................................................................. 96 311 Saccharum officinarum cut cane via www.sugarindustryofbelize.com ........................................................ 97 312 Saccharum officinarum field via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 97 313 Ziziphus maurtiana flower via eol.org ......................................................................................................... 97 314 Ziziphus maurtiana fruit fresh to dry (l to R) via eol.org .............................................................................. 97 315 Ipomoea batatas flower and leaves via eol.org ........................................................................................... 98 316 Ipomoea batatas roots via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 98 317 Sideroxylon salicifolium flower detail via eol.org ........................................................................................ 99 318 Sideroxylon salicifolium flower via eol.org .................................................................................................. 99 319 Desmodium tortuosum via eol.org ............................................................................................................... 99 320 Desmodium tortuosum seed pod via eol.org ................................................................................................ 99 321 ximenia americana flower via eol.org........................................................................................................ 100 322 ximenia americana fruit via eol.org ........................................................................................................... 100 323 Tectona grandis flower detail via eol.org ................................................................................................... 100 324 Tectona grandis flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................. 100 325 Tectona grandis fruit via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 100 326 Thymus vulgaris flower with bee via eol.org ............................................................................................. 101 327 Nicotiana tabacum flower via eol.org ........................................................................................................ 101 328 Nicotiana tabacum plant via eol.org .......................................................................................................... 101 329 Polianthes tuberosa flower via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 102 330 Thespesia populneoides flower via eol.org ................................................................................................ 102 331 Thespesia populneoides seeds via eol.org ................................................................................................. 102 332 Bursea simaruba flower via eol.org ........................................................................................................... 103
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 151
333 Bursea simaruba fruit via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 103 334 Stachytarpheta jamaicensis flower via eol.org ........................................................................................... 103 335 Stachytarpheta jamaicensis plant via eol.org.............................................................................................. 103 336 Tradescantia zebrina var. zebrina flower via eol.org ................................................................................. 104 337 Tradescantia zebrina var. zebrina plant via eol.org .................................................................................... 104 338 Leucaena leucocephala flowers via Author ................................................................................................ 104 339 Tabebuia heterophylla flower via eol.org ................................................................................................... 105 340 Tabebuia heterophylla seed pod via eol.org ............................................................................................... 105 341 Laguncularia racemosa flowers via eol.org ................................................................................................ 105 342 Laguncularia racemosa seeds via author .................................................................................................... 105 343Laguncularia racemosa seedling via author ................................................................................................ 105 344 Acnistus arborescens flowers via eol.org ................................................................................................... 106 345 Acnistus arborescens flowers and berries via eol.org ................................................................................. 106 346 Sida acuta flower via eol.org ...................................................................................................................... 106 347 Sida acuta plant .......................................................................................................................................... 106 348 Senna siamea flower via Paul Sheppard .................................................................................................... 107 349 Senna siamea seed pods via eol.org .......................................................................................................... 107 350 Turnera angustifolia flower via eol.org ...................................................................................................... 107 351 Tamarindus indica flower via eol.org ......................................................................................................... 108 352 Tamarindus indica seedpod via eol.org ...................................................................................................... 108 353 Cochlospermum vitifolium flower via eol.org ............................................................................................. 108
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
152 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
REFERENCES
Cameron, S., & Craig, C. (2009). Science Vocabulary Building, Grades 3 - 5. Mark Twain Media, Incorporated Publishers. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=ut9pAgAAQBAJ
Codex Alimentarius Commission. (2001). Codex Alimentarius Commission Standards. In Codex Stan 12-1981 (pp. 1–8).
Ermine. (2011). Grenada - Beekeeping. St. George’s Grenada.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2006). Honey bee diseases and pests: a practical guide. FAO Agrictultural and Food Engineering Techincal Reports. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/3/a-a0849e.pdf
Ghisalberti, E. L. (1979). Propolis. A review. Bee World, 60, 59–84.
Lüttge, U., Beyschlag, W., Francis, D., & Cushman, J. (2012). Progress in Botany. New York: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Malumphy, C. P. (1997). Honeydew. In Soft Scale Insects (p. 269). Elsevier Science. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=uCzHDkARfcYC
Sammataro, D., Avitabile, A., & Caron, D. M. (2011). The Beekeeper’s Handbook. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
Somerville, D. (2005). Fat Bees Skinny Bees: A Manual on Honey Bee Nutrition for Beekeepers. Kingston, ACT: Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/clc/1766764
Thomas, K., Lewis, D., & Delsol, G. (2013). 2010-2011 Annual Agriculture Review Grenada W.I. St. George’s Grenada: Ministry of Agriculture.
Wikipedia Contributors. Propolis. Retrieved April 4, 2016, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propolis
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Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 153
INDEX `uhaloa, 69
Abata Cola, 58
Abelmoschus esculentus, 72
Abraham, John, 9
Acacia, 57
Acacia farnesiana, 29
Acacia nilotica, 24
Achiote, 16
Ackee, 91
Acnistus arborescens, 106
Acrocomia aculeata, 52
African pear, 51
African plum, 51
Agave, 90
Agave caribaeicola, 30
Agency for Rural Transformation (ART), 9
Akee, 14
Alaroba, 69
Albizia lebbeck, 71
Allspice, 15
Almond, 15
Beach, 19
Indian, 15
Seaside, 15
Tropical, 15
Aloe, 17
Aloe vera, 17
Aloe yucca, 68
Alternanthera ficoidea, 84
American sumac, 42
Anacahuita, 88
Anacardium occidentale, 29
Anatto, 16
Andira inermis, 59
Angelin, 59
Angel's tears, 16
Angel's trumpet, 16
Angel's Trumpet tree, 16
Annadine, 102
Antaque, 22
Antigonon leptotus, 37
Apis mellifera
Black Bee. See Bee
German Bee. See Bee
Apple dum, 97
Aramina fibre, 39
Arbre a la pluie, 85
Arbre a raisins, 96
Argemone mexicana, 81
Artocarpus altilis, 23
Artocarpus heterophyllus, 23
Asclepias curassavica, 25
Aubergine, 42
Averrhoa carambola, 28
Avicennia germinans, 20
Avocado, 16
Awl Tree, 73
Azadirachta indica, 72
Babosa, 17
Babul, 24
Bahama braziletto, 58
Bamboo palm, 17
Barbados Aloes, 17
Barbados cedar, 14
Barbados flowerfence, 57
Barbados Mahogny, 65
Barbados nut, 75
Barbados Sage, 86
Bastard Cedar, 18
Batokoa palm, 49
Batseed, 59
Beach Almond, 19
Beach morning glory, 18
Beach Morning Glory, 18
Bear grass, 68
Beaulaeu, Jimmy, 9
Beauty of the night, 45
Bedda nut tree, 19
Bee
Species, 9
Beggarweed, 99
Begoniae, 19
Begonias, 19
Behda, 19
Bejuco de indio, 31
Bell pepper, 32
Belleric myrobalan, 19
Bellyache bush, 75
Ben oil tree, 56
Ber, 97
Berlliric myrobalan, 19
Bird Cactus, 92
Bitter Bush, 32
Bitter Orange, 94
Bixa orellana, 16
Black beard, 65
Black eye pea, 20
Black Mangrove, 20
Black Sage, 21
Blackman, Aubrey, 9
Blighia sapida, 14
Blood Flower, 24
Bloodwood tree, 27
Blue porterweed, 103
Boat lily, 70
Bois, 47
Bois carre, 41
Bois cocklet, 41
Bois fidele,, 41
Bois fleur jaunes, 47
Bois gommier, 51
Bois L'Orme, 18
Bois pissenlit, 47
Bonavist, 22
Bonavist bean, 22
Bonduc, 58
Bototo, 109
Bottle gourd, 22
Brassica, 26
Brazil cherry, 31
Bread nut, 23
Breadfruit, 23
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
154 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Breadnut, 23
Briar, 24
Bride's tears, 37
Broadleaf, 88
Broomweed, 106
Brugmansia suaveoens, 16
Buddha's hand, 33
Burn plant, 17
Bursera simaruba, 103
Bush butter, 51
Bush mango, 51
Bushy lippia, 86
Bushy matgrass, 86
Bustic cassada, 99
Butter fruit, 16, 51
Buttercup plant, 107
Buttercup tree, 109
Butterfly flower, 24
Butterfly ginger, 25
Butterfly lily, 25
Button Mangrove, 25
Buttonwood, 25
Bwa wa tout, 21
Bwise, 21
Cabbage, 26
Cabbagebark tree, 59
Cacolay, 26
Cacos, 43
Caesalpinia bonduc, 58
Caesalpinia coriaria, 42
Caesar bur, 39
Caesar's weed, 39
Cajanus cajan, 76
Cajeput Tree, 45
Calabash, 22
Camia, 25
Campanita, 62
Campeachy wood, 27
Campheche, 27
Campseche, 27
Canavalia ensiformis, 66
Caneficer batard, 27
Canique grise, 58
Cannabis sativa, 46
Cape Honeysuckle, 55
Capote, 55
Capsicum annuum, 32
Caraibe, 47
Carambola, 28
Carapate, 30
Cardamom, 28
Caribbean Beekeeping Congress, 10
Caribbean mangrove, 25
Carica papaya, 74
Cascolate, 42
Casearia decandra, 36
Casearia sylvestris, 39
Cashew, 29
Cassia fistula, 49
Cassia grandis, 55
Cassie, 24
Cassie-Flowers, 29
Castor, 30
Castor Oil Plant, 30
Catalpa, 102
Cedar, 14
Cedrela odorata, 14
Ceiba pentandra, 90
Celosia cristata, 34
Celtis iguanaea, 35
Cemetary vine, 37
Century plant, 90
Century Plant, 30
Cerises a cotes, 31
Chain of love, 37
Champish, 27
Chapamiel, 89
Chayote, 33
Chew Stick, 31
Chewstick, 31
Chick pea, 50
Chilli, 32
Chinaberry, 82
Chinaberry tree, 82
Chinese hibiscus, 53
Chinese honeysuckle, 54
Chinese jujube, 97
Chinese roose, 53
Cho-Cho, 33
Christmas bush, 32
Christmas flower, 32, 78
Christmas Hope, 47
Christophene, 33
Chromolaena odorat, 32
Chrysobalanus icaco, 43
Chrysophyllum cainito, 95
Cicer arietinum, 50
Cigar box wood, 14
Cigar-box cedar, 14
Cissus verticillata, 83
Citharexylum spinosum, 41
Citron, 33, 61, 89
Citronella grass, 60
Citrus aurantiifolia, 61
Citrus aurantium, 94
Citrus maxima, 89
Citrus medica, 33
Citrus sinensis, 98
Citrus x paradisi, 51
Clammy cherry, 53
Climbing okra, 63
Clove, 34
Clovetree, 34
Coastal Aloe, 17
Coccoloba uvifera, 88
Cochlospermum vitifolium, 109
Cock spur, 35
Cockle-bur, 39
Cockroach grass, 104
Cock's comb, 34
Cockscomb, 34
Cockspur, 35
Coco plum, 43
Cocoas tamarind, 85
Coconut, 35
Coco-ravet, 36
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Cocos nucifera, 35
Coffea arabica, 36
Coffee, 36
Cola acuminate, 58
Colubrina arborescens, 68
Combretum latifolium, 89
Common floss flower, 32
Common Nettle, 109
Common thyme, 101
Confederate vine, 37
Conga root, 59
Congo pea, 76
Conocarpus erectus, 26
Coral creeper, 37
Coral plant, 75
Coral vine, 37
Corallita, 37
Cordia obliqua, 53
Cordia sebestena, 88
Coribee, 47
Corn, 37
Coton, 38
Coton pays, 38
Cotonnier, 38
Cottonie, 38
Coucu, 16
Cousin Mahoe, 39
Cow tambran, 85
Cowpea, 20
Coyol Palm, 52
Crackopen, 39
Crape myrtle, 40
Creeping Cucumber, 92
Crepe flower, 40
Crested Cockscomb, 34
Cryptostegia grandiflora, 83
Cultivated cockscomb, 34
Cuphea hyssopifolia, 43
Cutlet, 41
Cutlette, 41
Cymbopogon nardus, 60
Da, 59
Dacryodes edulis, 51
Dagger plant, 68
Damsel, 41
Damson, 41
Delonix regia, 44
Desmodium tortuosum, 99
Devil's tree, 90
Dickie tick trefoil, 99
Dildo, 81
Dishcloth gourd, 63
Divi-divi, 58
Divi-Divi, 42
Dixie Tricktrefoil, 99
Dog dumpling, 73
Donkey eye, 58
Double rose hibiscus, 53
Dracaena fragrans, 86
Drooping melonnette, 92
Drumstick tree, 56
Dunk, 97
Duranta erecta, 76
Dypsis lutescens, 17
East Indian walnut, 71
Eben tree, 51
Eggplant, 42
Egyptian star cluster, 96
Egyptian Thorn, 24
Elettaria cardamomum, 28
Elfin herb, 43
Elm leaved turnera, 107
Espinillo, 57
Eugenia uniflora, 31
Euphorbia pulcherrima, 78
Euterpe broadwayi, 71
Fairy tree, 41
False heather, 43
False Sicklepod, 27
Fiddlewood, 41
Figbush, 41
Five finger, 28
Flacourtia ramontchii, 49
Flambeaux, 47
Flamboyante, 44
Flame of the woods, 84
Flame Tree, 44
Flame vine, 44
Flametree, 44
Flax leaf, 45
Flax-leaved paperbark, 45
Flordia fiddlewood, 41
Florida beggarweed, 99
Florida trema, 96
Fonmaje, 90
Forbidden Fruit, 89
Forest dracaena, 86
Forget me not tree, 76
Four o'clock, 45
Four O'Clock Plant, 45
Fragrant dracaena, 86
Frangipani, 46
French cashew, 79
Fromager, 90
Ganjah, 46
Garbanzo bean, 50
Garde place, 66
Garland flower, 25
Garlic root, 59
Gaudeloupe cucumber, 92
Geiger tree, 88
Genip, 91
Ginger lily, 25
Ginger Thomas, 47
Gliricidia, 48
Gliricidia sepium, 48
Glory Bush, 82
Gold dew drop, 76
Gold mohar, 44
Golden apple, 48
Golden Butterfly Palm, 17
Golden Cane Palm, 17
Golden shower, 44
Golden Shower, 49
Gommier a canots, 51
Gommier rouge, 103
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
156 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Gooseberry, 41
Gospo, 94
Gossypium, 38
Gossypium barbadense, 38
Gouania lupuloides, 31
Gouania polygama, 60
Governor plum, 49
Governor's plum, 49
Gram, 50
Grape, 50
Grapefruit, 51
Gray nickerbean, 58
Gray nickernbean, 58
Great morinda, 73
Green pepper, 32
Greenheart, 68
Grenada Beekeeping Association (GAB), 9
Grey mangrove, 25
Grey nicker, 58
Grommier blanc, 51
Grou grou palm, 52
grudge pea, 66
Grugru, 52
Guaiac tree, 61
Guaiacum officinale, 61
Guamá, 78
Guava, 52
Guazuma ulmifolia, 18
Guinea grain, 93
Guinea Henweed, 59
Gully root, 59
Gum, 53
Gum Arabic tree, 24
Gumbo, 72
Gumbo limbo, 103
Gungo pea, 76
Gwen makwisti, 30
Gwenzye bonwikt,, 58
Gwu sak borik, 58
Haematoxylum campechianum, 27
Hall's honeysuckle, 54
Hawaii, 9
Hedychium coronarium, 25
Hemp, 46
Hetre orme, 18
Hibiscus, 53
Hibiscus rosa sinensis, 53
Hibiscus sabdariffa, 94
Hippomane mancinella, 67
Hog plum, 54, 100
Hog Plum, 43
Hollowheart, 106
Honey, 11
Definition, 11
Honeydew
Definition, 11
Honeysuckle, 54
Honeysuckle Caoe, 55
Horn bean leave sida, 106
Horse bean, 66
Horse cassia, 55
Horse Nicker, 58
Horse radish tree, 56
Horsebean, 57
Horseradish tree, 56
Hue, 22
Hyacinth Bean, 22
Hymenaea courbaril, 63
Ice cream bean, 26
Iguana hackberry, 35
Indian jujube, 97
Indian lilac, 72
Indian mulberry, 73
Indian rubbervine, 83
Indian vine, 31
Inga laurina, 78
Inter-American Institute for Co-operation on Agriculture
(IICA), 9
Ipomoea batatas, 98
Ipomoea nil, 62
Ipomoea pescaprae, 18
Ironwood, 69
Island Joyweed, 84
Ivy-leaved Morning Glory, 62
Ixora, 84
Ixora coccinea, 84
Jack bean, 66
Jack In The Bush, 32
Jack plum, 56
Jackfruit, 23
Jacques-á-chat, 24
Jamaican cabbage tree, 59
Jamaican Horse bean, 66
Jamaican nettletree, 57
Jambolan, 56
Jambos, 80
Jamon, 56
Jamun, 56
Japanese honeysuckle, 54
Japanese morning glory, 62
Jatropha, 75
Jatropha curcas, 75
Java plum, 54, 56
Jerusalem thorn, 57
Jiwof fle, 21
Jujube, 97
Jumbie apple, 36
Jumbie Bead, 59
June plum, 48
Jungle flame, 84
Jungle geranium, 84
kach kach, 58
Kale, 26
Kampech, 27
Kanhigh, John, 9
Kannik, 58
Kapok, 90
Kapokier, 90
Kas, 107
Kassod tree, 107
Key lime, 61
Kigelia pinnata, 87
Kiklet, 41
Koklet, 41
Kola nut, 58
Konik, 58
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 157
Kudjoe root, 59
La belle, 37
Ladies tongue, 71
Ladies tounge, 71
Lady's fingers, 72
Lagenaria siceraria, 22
Lagerstroemia indica, 40
Laguncularia racemosa, 105
L'angelin, 59
Langua-a-via-femme, 71
Lantana, 21
Lantana camara, 22
Largeleaf geigertree, 88
Lebbeck, 71
Lemon grass, 60
Leucaena, 104
Leucaena leucocephala, 104
Liane-savon, 60
Lignum vitae, 61
Lilac, 75
Lime, 61
Lippia alba, 86
Lipstick tree, 16
Liseron bleu, 62
Litchi, 62
Litchi chinensis, 62
Locus, 63
Logwood, 27
Long-staple cotton, 38
Lonicera japonica, 54
Loofah, 63
Lucky nut, 64
Luffa aegyptiaca, 63
Lychee, 62
Macata, 104
Macata-Bourse, 104
Madagascar jasmine, 64
Madagascar palm, 17
Madras thorn, 65
Mahogany, 65
Maize, 37
Malabar plum, 80
Malay apple, 66, 79
Malaysian apple, 79
Maljoe, 66
Malvaviscus arboreus, 91
Mamon, 74
Mamoncillo, 91
Manchineel, 67
Mangifera indica, 67
Mango, 67
Manila tamarind, 65
Manilkara zapota, 87
Mapou, 90
Margosa Tree, 72
Marvel-of-peru, 45
Massav, 85
Maube bark, 68
Medecin plant, 68
Melaleuca linariifolia, 45
Melia azedarach, 82
Melicoccus bijugatus, 91
Melon tree, 74
Melonette, 92
Melothria pendula, 92
Mesquite, 69
Mexican cedar, 14
Mexican heather, 43
Mexican lime, 61
Mexican Palo Verde, 57
Mexican poppy, 81
Mexican prickly poppy, 81
Mexicane, 37
Mille Fleurs, 21
Millet, 93
Mirabilis jalapa, 45
Miss Rebecca, 37
Mombain, 54
Monkey bush, 69
Monkey dumpling, 73
Monkey pod, 65
Monval, 104
Moonga, 56
Morinda citrifolia, 73
Moringa, 56
Moringa oleifera, 56
Moses-in-a-boat, 70
Moses-in-the-cradle, 70
Mother of cocoa, 48
Mother-in-law's tongue, 71
Mountain apple, 66
Mountain cabbage, 74
Mountain palm, 74
Mountin gommier, 51
Musa paradisiaca, 77
Musk Ochra, 72
Mustard, 26
Mutamba, 18
Myristica fragans, 73
Naked Indian, 103
Naseberry, 87
National Development Foundation (NDF), 10
Native Pear, 51
Naval orange, 98
Nectar
Definition, 11
Needle flower, 84
Neem, 72
Nicker nut, 58
Nicotiana tabacum, 101
Nim, 72
Noni, 73
Nosegay, 46
Nutmeg, 73
Nyack, Aman, 9
Ohia, 79
Okra, 72
Opuntia stricta var. dillenii, 81
Otaheite Gooseberry, 41
Otaheite plum, 48
Oyster plant, 70
Pagoda Tree, 46
Pain killer tree, 73
Pak choy, 26
Palay rubbervine, 83
Palm
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
158 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Bamboo, 17
Batokoa, 49
Golden Butterfly, 17
Golden Cane, 17
Madagascar, 17
Yellow butterfly, 17
Palma Christi, 30
Palmiste chou, 74
Palo De Burro, 59
Pandora vine, 80
Papaya, 74
Paperback, 45
Paprika, 32
Parkinsonia aculeata, 57
Pawpaw, 74
Pear, 16
Pedilanthus tithymaloides, 92
Pega-pega, 99
Pen plant, 83
Pendula, 41
Pentas lanceolata, 96
Persea americana, 16
Persian lilac, 82
Petiveria alliacea, 59
Petrea, 75
Petrea volubilis, 75
Pharbitis seeds, 62
Phyllanthus acidus, 41
Physic nut, 75
Pigeon berry, 76
Pigeon pea, 76
Pigeon wood, 18
Pimenta dioica, 15
Pimento, 15
Pin tree, 90
Pink Poui, 77
Pink shower, 55
Pink trumpet tree, 80
Pink Trumpet tree, 105
Pink Trumpet Tree, 77
Piquant, 24
Pis-a-bed, 21
Pitanga, 31
Pithecellobium dulce, 65
Plantain, 77
Plumeria rubra, 46
Podranea ricasoliana, 80
Poinciana, 44
Poinsettia, 78
Pois doux, 26
Pois Doux, 78
Poison apple, 67
Polianthes tuberosa, 102
Pomecythere, 48
Pomegranate, 79
Pomelo, 89
Pomerac, 79
Pomme Malac, 79
Pomme rose, 80
Pomme surrette, 97
Pork chives, 26
Pork fat, 43
Port St. John creeper, 80
Portia tree, 102
Prestoea acuminata var. montana, 74
Prickly pear, 81
Prickly poppy, 81
Prickly Poppy, 81
Pride of India, 82
Princess flower, 82
Propolis
Definition, 12
Latex, 12
Resin, 12
Prosopis juliflora, 69
Psidium guayava, 52
Pudding bush, 83
Punica granatum, 79
Purging cassia, 49
Purple Allamanda, 83
Purple begonia, 19
Purple Glory Tree, 82
Pye gwen, 30
Pyrostegia venusta, 44
Queen's crepe myrtle, 40
Queen's wreath, 75
Quiabo, 72
Quick stick, 48
Rabbit meat, 84
Railroad vine, 18
Raintree, 85
Ramgoat Bush, 21
Ramontchi, 49
Rattan, 60
Red cedar, 14
Red chilli, 32
Red Frangipani, 46
Red gram, 76
Red head plant, 24
Red Ixora, 84
Red mangrove, 85
Red sage, 21
Red sorrell, 94
Red Star Glory, 62
Redbird flower, 92
Retaima, 57
Rhizophora mangle, 85
Ricin, 30
Ricinus communis, 30
River algarrobo, 69
Rose apple, 80
Rose of china, 53
Roselle, 94
Roucouyer, 16
Rourou, 16
Royal ponciana, 44
Rubber vine, 83
Rubbervine, 83
Rucu, 16
Saccharum officinarum, 97
Sacky sac bean, 78
Sacred ixora, 84
Safou, 51
Sage
Black, 21
Red, 21
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 159
Wild, 21
Yellow, 21
Salem, Amir, 9
Salem, Paul, 9
Saman tree, 85
Samann, 85
Sand dragon, 86
Sandpaper vine, 75
Santa maria, 86
Sapindus saponaria, 93
Sapodilla, 87
Sapote, 87
Sauge, 21
Sausage tree, 87
Sauteurs, St. Patrick, 9
Scarlet Cordia, 88
Scarlet Jungleflame, 84
Scarlet milkweed, 24
Scented-pod acacia, 24
Sea grape, 88
Sea island cotton, 38
Sea lemon, 100
Sea-island cotton, 38
Seaside grape, 88
Seaside grapes, 88
Seaside mahoe, 102
Seasonvine, 83
Sechium edule, 33
Senna multijuga, 27
Senna siamea, 107
Seville, 94
Seville orange, 94
Shack-shack, 71, 104
Shaddock, 89
Shoeblackplant, 53
Shoe-flower, 53
Shore grape, 88
Showy combretum, 89
Siamese cassia, 107
Siamweed, 32
Sideroxylon salicifolium, 99
Sierran Palm, 74
Silk cotton tree, 90
Silk cottontree, 109
Silk-cotton tree, 90
Silkweed, 24
Silver-leaved Buttonwood, 25
Siris, 71
Sisal, 90
Skin-up, 91
Skyflower, 76
Sleeping Hibiscus, 91
Sleepy morning, 69
Slender joyweed, 84
Slipper flower, 92
Slipper plant, 92
Small wild cucumber, 92
Small-leaved Mahogany, 65
Snake bitters, 83
Snake vine, 83
Snakebark, 68
Soap bush, 68
Soapberry, 93
Soaptree, 68
Solanum melongena, 42
Sorghum, 93
Sorghum bicolor, 93
Sorrell, 94
Sour Orange, 94
Souther sida, 106
Spanish bayonet, 68
Spanish cedar, 14
Spanish lime, 91
Spider flower, 95
Spikeweed, 103
Spiny spiderflower, 95
Spondias dulcis, 48
Spondias mombin, 54
Sponge gourd, 63
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, 103
Star apple, 95
Star clusters, 96
Star fruit, 28
Stephanotis floribunda, 64
Sticky cherry, 96
Stinging Nettle, 109
Stink tree, 97
Stinking toe, 55, 63
Suninam cherry, 31
Surette, 97
Sweet broom, 106
Sweet cassia, 29
Sweet Chilli, 32
Sweet Orange, 98
Sweet pepper, 32
Sweet potato, 98
Sweet Prickly-pear, 81
Sweet wood, 99
Sweetheart, 99
Swietenia mahagoni, 65
Sword bean, 66
Syzygium aqueum, 66
Syzygium aromaticum, 34
Syzygium cumini, 56
Syzygium jambos, 80
Syzygium malaccense, 79
Tabebuia heterophylla, 105
Tabebuia rosea, 77
Tamarin, 108
Tamarin Bord-de-mer, 108
Tamarind, 108
Tamarindus indica, 108
Tamrin batard, 104
Tanmanwen, 108
Tarenaya spinose, 95
Tea weed, 106
Teak, 100
Tecoma capensis, 55
Tecoma stans, 47
Tectona grandis, 100
Temple tree, 46
Terminalia bellerica, 20
Terminalia catappa, 15
Thespesia populneoides, 102
Thevetia peruviana, 64
Three Men In A Boat, 70
Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean
160 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka
Thyme, 101
Thymus vulgaris, 101
Tibouchina semidecandra, 82
Tick trefoil, 99
Tiguilote, 96
Tobacco, 101
Tourist tree, 103
Tradescantia spathacea, 70
Tradescantia zebrina var. zebrina, 104
Tree of Heaven, 82
Tree of Life, 61
Trema micrantha, 57
Trema micranthum, 96
Tropical green pea, 76
Tropical Milkweed, 24
Trumpet flower, 55
Trumpet flowers, 47
Tuberose, 102
Tulip tree, 102
Turkscap, 91
Turnera angustifolia, 107
Turnip, 26
Turpentine tree, 103
Urena lobata, 39
Urtica dioica, 109
Velvet leaf, 69
Ven-Ven, 103
Vervain, 103
Vigna unguiculata subsp. Unguiculata, 20
Vitis, 50
Waltheria indica, 69
Wandering Jew, 104
Warri, 58
Water liana, 83
Watery Rose Apple, 66
Wax apple, 66
Wax Mallow, 91
West Indian Aloe, 17
West indian birch, 103
West Indian birch, 103
West Indian Cedar, 14
West Indian elm, 18
West Indian holly, 107
West Indian Lantana, 21
West Indian lime, 61
West indian mahogany, 65
West Indian Mimosa, 104
West Indian Walnut, 59
West Indies cedar, 105
Western soapberry, 93
White Angel Trumpet, 16
White Bully, 99
White cedar, 82, 105
White flower gourd, 22
White Garland-lily, 25
White Leadtree, 104
White mangrove, 105
White poui, 105
White snake root, 32
Wild cucumber, 92
Wild honeytree, 36
Wild ipecacuanha, 24
Wild Ipecacuanha, 24
Wild Mimosa, 104
Wild sage, 21
Wild tamarind, 104
Wild Tobacco, 106
Wingleaf soapberry, 93
Wireweed, 106
Women's tongue, 71
Wonder bean, 66
World Food Day Celebrations, 10
Woucou, 16
Ximenia americana, 100
Yaw weed, 73
Yellow (shade) Cassia, 107
Yellow Ader, 107
Yellow alder, 107
Yellow butterfly palm, 17
Yellow Cedar, 47
Yellow Coconut, 52
Yellow Elder, 47
Yellow Flamboyante, 108
Yellow oleander, 64
Yellow plum, 48, 100
Yellow sage, 21
Yellow silk shell seed, 109
Yepa, 72
Yucca aloifloila, 68
Zaboca, 16
Zabocaud, 16
Zea mays, 37
Zimbabwe Creeper, 80
Ziziphus maurtiana, 97
Zuti, 109
Zwamp cedar, 14
z'yuex a chatte, 58