homework problems chapter 13 –review questions: 1-3, 9-11 –review problems: 1, 2, 7 –web...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Homework Problems Chapter 13 –Review Questions: 1-3, 9-11 –Review Problems: 1, 2, 7 –Web Inquiries: 1, 4 Stellar Clusters](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cda76a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
• Homework Problems Chapter 13– Review Questions: 1-3, 9-11– Review Problems: 1, 2, 7– Web Inquiries: 1, 4
Stellar Clusters
![Page 2: Homework Problems Chapter 13 –Review Questions: 1-3, 9-11 –Review Problems: 1, 2, 7 –Web Inquiries: 1, 4 Stellar Clusters](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cda76a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
An H-R diagram reveals three
significant features.
• The Main Sequence– core hydrogen fusion
• Red Giants– hydrogen shell source– (core helium fusion)
• White Dwarfs– carbon-oxygen core leftovers
This is a snapshot in the life of many,
unrelated stars.
H-R Diagram
O B A F G K M
L/Lsun
![Page 3: Homework Problems Chapter 13 –Review Questions: 1-3, 9-11 –Review Problems: 1, 2, 7 –Web Inquiries: 1, 4 Stellar Clusters](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cda76a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Other areas of the H-R diagram are
sparsely populated either because
stars just don’t exist with those
specific combinations of
luminosity and
temperature, or because the
stars evolve so quickly and
spend so little time in that area
that the probability of seeing
stars located there is very low.
(Example: “Hertzsprung Gap”)
H-R Diagram
O B A F G K M
L/Lsun
![Page 4: Homework Problems Chapter 13 –Review Questions: 1-3, 9-11 –Review Problems: 1, 2, 7 –Web Inquiries: 1, 4 Stellar Clusters](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cda76a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Stars from the same formation epoch (same “birthday”)• Same Age • Similar Chemical Composition• Same Distance from the Earth
Clusters Formation
![Page 5: Homework Problems Chapter 13 –Review Questions: 1-3, 9-11 –Review Problems: 1, 2, 7 –Web Inquiries: 1, 4 Stellar Clusters](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cda76a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• OPEN Cluster– Bright– Hot, Young stars– Thousands of stars– Loose Associations
• GLOBULAR Cluster– Fainter– Cooler, Older stars– Hundreds of Thousands of stars– Tightly Bound Systems
Stellar Clusters
![Page 6: Homework Problems Chapter 13 –Review Questions: 1-3, 9-11 –Review Problems: 1, 2, 7 –Web Inquiries: 1, 4 Stellar Clusters](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cda76a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• OPEN Cluster
Very few evolved
stars.
Double Cluster
![Page 7: Homework Problems Chapter 13 –Review Questions: 1-3, 9-11 –Review Problems: 1, 2, 7 –Web Inquiries: 1, 4 Stellar Clusters](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cda76a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Many evolved stars.
Globular Cluster
![Page 8: Homework Problems Chapter 13 –Review Questions: 1-3, 9-11 –Review Problems: 1, 2, 7 –Web Inquiries: 1, 4 Stellar Clusters](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cda76a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
H-R diagrams
revealing
a variety of
ages among
clusters.
Who is the youngest?
Who is the oldest?
Cluster HR Diagrams
![Page 9: Homework Problems Chapter 13 –Review Questions: 1-3, 9-11 –Review Problems: 1, 2, 7 –Web Inquiries: 1, 4 Stellar Clusters](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cda76a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Young Cluster
![Page 10: Homework Problems Chapter 13 –Review Questions: 1-3, 9-11 –Review Problems: 1, 2, 7 –Web Inquiries: 1, 4 Stellar Clusters](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cda76a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Young Cluster HR Diagram
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Cluster Evolution
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Combined Cluster H-R diagrams
![Page 13: Homework Problems Chapter 13 –Review Questions: 1-3, 9-11 –Review Problems: 1, 2, 7 –Web Inquiries: 1, 4 Stellar Clusters](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cda76a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Hyades
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M44 Cluster
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M41 Cluster
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M2001 Cluster
![Page 17: Homework Problems Chapter 13 –Review Questions: 1-3, 9-11 –Review Problems: 1, 2, 7 –Web Inquiries: 1, 4 Stellar Clusters](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cda76a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Globular Cluster M5
![Page 18: Homework Problems Chapter 13 –Review Questions: 1-3, 9-11 –Review Problems: 1, 2, 7 –Web Inquiries: 1, 4 Stellar Clusters](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cda76a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Since stellar evolution
is highly dependent
upon the mass of a star,
the turn-off point
of a clusters
main-sequence
is a measure of the
clusters age.
Main Sequence Turnoff
![Page 19: Homework Problems Chapter 13 –Review Questions: 1-3, 9-11 –Review Problems: 1, 2, 7 –Web Inquiries: 1, 4 Stellar Clusters](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cda76a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Horizontal Giant Branch
![Page 20: Homework Problems Chapter 13 –Review Questions: 1-3, 9-11 –Review Problems: 1, 2, 7 –Web Inquiries: 1, 4 Stellar Clusters](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cda76a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Pulsating Variable Stars
![Page 21: Homework Problems Chapter 13 –Review Questions: 1-3, 9-11 –Review Problems: 1, 2, 7 –Web Inquiries: 1, 4 Stellar Clusters](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cda76a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Instability Strip
![Page 22: Homework Problems Chapter 13 –Review Questions: 1-3, 9-11 –Review Problems: 1, 2, 7 –Web Inquiries: 1, 4 Stellar Clusters](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cda76a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The Pulsating Stars
![Page 23: Homework Problems Chapter 13 –Review Questions: 1-3, 9-11 –Review Problems: 1, 2, 7 –Web Inquiries: 1, 4 Stellar Clusters](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cda76a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Cepheid Pulsation Sequence
![Page 24: Homework Problems Chapter 13 –Review Questions: 1-3, 9-11 –Review Problems: 1, 2, 7 –Web Inquiries: 1, 4 Stellar Clusters](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cda76a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Light curves for two
different Cepheid
variables showing
the periodic changes
in brightness.
Pulsating Variables
![Page 25: Homework Problems Chapter 13 –Review Questions: 1-3, 9-11 –Review Problems: 1, 2, 7 –Web Inquiries: 1, 4 Stellar Clusters](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cda76a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Cepheids
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The interplay
of Radius
and Temperature.
L = 4R2T4
Cepheid Pulsation
![Page 27: Homework Problems Chapter 13 –Review Questions: 1-3, 9-11 –Review Problems: 1, 2, 7 –Web Inquiries: 1, 4 Stellar Clusters](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cda76a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Period - Luminosity Relation
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Cepheid Period - LuminosityObserve apparent magnitude (m)
Observe Period of pulsation (P)
Utilize P-L relation to infer absolute magnitude (M)
Use distance modulus to
obtain distance:
m-M = 5 log D - 5
![Page 29: Homework Problems Chapter 13 –Review Questions: 1-3, 9-11 –Review Problems: 1, 2, 7 –Web Inquiries: 1, 4 Stellar Clusters](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cda76a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
The Milky Ways two irregular satellite galaxies.
SMC and LMC
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Distance Determinations
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Distance Indicators