Homework Homework Due ThursdayDue Thursday

• Read Ch. 10-2 and answer questions 1(a, Read Ch. 10-2 and answer questions 1(a, b) and 2 (a, b, c) (found on page 297) on a b) and 2 (a, b, c) (found on page 297) on a separate sheet of paper. Please use separate sheet of paper. Please use complete sentences.complete sentences.

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VocabularyVocabulary

• MuhammadMuhammad• NomadsNomads• CaravanCaravan• MeccaMecca• MosqueMosque• QuranQuran• BedouinsBedouins• ScarceScarce• OasisOasis• Submit (two definitionsSubmit (two definitions

• Ka’abaKa’aba• MuezzinMuezzin• Hijra (hejira)Hijra (hejira)• PillarPillar• Hajj (haj)Hajj (haj)• AlmsgivingAlmsgiving• FastingFasting• PilgrimagePilgrimage• Shi’ite (Shi’a)Shi’ite (Shi’a)• SunniSunni

5Ws of Muhammad5Ws of Muhammad

• WHOWHO: Prophet, Messenger, Arab, : Prophet, Messenger, Arab, successful merchant, successful merchant, founder of Islamfounder of Islam

• WHEREWHERE: Mecca, Arabia (Saudi Arabia, : Mecca, Arabia (Saudi Arabia, Asia, Middle East); Yathrib (Medina); Asia, Middle East); Yathrib (Medina); crossroads of two major trade routes; crossroads of two major trade routes; ancient pilgrimage site for Arab religion ancient pilgrimage site for Arab religion before Islambefore Islam

• WHATWHAT: Islam means “submission” to the : Islam means “submission” to the will of Allahwill of Allah

5Ws of Muhammad5Ws of Muhammad

• WHENWHEN::

-- -- 570570 Muhammad born in Mecca Muhammad born in Mecca

-- -- 595595 marries Khadija marries Khadija

-- -- 610610 Gabriel calls on Muhammad Gabriel calls on Muhammad

-- -- 622622 Muhammad fled Mecca for Medina ( Muhammad fled Mecca for Medina (hijrahijra, , ruler, lawgiver)ruler, lawgiver)

-- -- 630630 Muhammad returns to Mecca; becomes Muhammad returns to Mecca; becomes center of Islamcenter of Islam

-- -- 632632 Muhammad dies Muhammad dies

WHYWHY

• One of the 3 major western religionsOne of the 3 major western religions

• 22ndnd largest in the world largest in the world

• Influence extremely important to western Influence extremely important to western history and civilizationhistory and civilization

• Influence important TODAYInfluence important TODAY

IslamAn Abrahamic Religion

IslamAn Abrahamic Religion Muslims are monotheists.

They believe in the Judeo- Christian God, which they call Allah.

Muslims believe that the Torah and the Bible, like the Qur’an, is the word of God.

Peoples of the BookPeoples of the Book

Abraham’s GenealogyAbraham’s Genealogy

ABRAHAMABRAHAM SARAHSARAHHAGARHAGAR

IsaacIsaac

EsauEsauJacobJacob

12 Tribes of Israel

12 Tribes of Israel

Ishmael

Ishmael

12 Arabian Tribes

12 Arabian Tribes

The Prophetic Tradition

The Prophetic Tradition

Adam

Noah

Abraham

Moses

Jesus

Muhammad

The Origins of the Qur’an

The Origins of the Qur’an Muhammad received his first

revelation from the angel Gabriel in the Cave of Hira in 610.

622 Hijrah Muhammed flees Mecca for Medina. * The beginning of the Muslim calendar (1 A.H.)

Muhammad’s revelations were compiled into the Qur’an after his death.

The Qur’anThe Qur’an Muslims believe it contains the word of God.

114 suras (chapters).

In the name of Allah, the compassionate, the merciful. Written in Arabic.

1. The Shahada1. The Shahada

11

The testimony.

The declaration of faith:There is no god worthy of There is no god worthy of worship except God, andworship except God, andMuhammad is HisMuhammad is HisMessenger [or Prophet].Messenger [or Prophet].

There is no god worthy of There is no god worthy of worship except God, andworship except God, andMuhammad is HisMuhammad is HisMessenger [or Prophet].Messenger [or Prophet].

2. The Salat2. The Salat

22

The mandatory prayers performed 5 times a day: * dawn * noon * late afternoon * sunset * before going to bed

Wash before praying.

Face Mecca and use a prayer rug.

2. The Salat2. The Salat

22

The call to prayer by the muezzin in the minaret.

Pray in the mosque on Friday.

3. The Zakat3. The Zakat

33

Almsgiving (charitable donations).

Muslims believe that all things belong to God.

Zakat means both “purification” and “growth.”

About 2.5% of your income.

4. The Sawm4. The Sawm

44

Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan.

Considered a method of self- purification.

No eating or drinking from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan.

Eid MubarakEid Mubarak

End of the Ramadan holiday.

5. The Hajj5. The Hajj

55

The pilgrimage to Mecca.

Must be done at least once in a Muslim’s lifetime.

2-3 million Muslims make the pilgrimage every year.

5. The Hajj5. The Hajj

55

Those who complete the pilgrimage can add the title hajji to their name.

The Dar al-Islam

The Dar al-Islam

11 22 33 44 55

The WorldThe Worldof Islamof Islam

The WorldThe Worldof Islamof Islam

The MosqueThe Mosque The Muslim place of worship.

The Dome of the Rock Mosque in

Jerusalem

The Dome of the Rock Mosque in

Jerusalem

Mount Moriah Rockwhere Muhammad ascended into heaven.

Essential Question:Essential Question:

Why was Islam able to spread so quickly and

convert so many to the new religion?

The Spread of IslamThe Spread of Islam Easy to learn and practice.

No priesthood.

Teaches equality.

Non-Muslims, who were “Peoples of the Book,” were allowed religious freedom, but paid additional taxes.

Easily “portable” nomads & trade routes.

Jihad (“Holy War”) against pagans and other non-believers (“infidels”).

Muslims in the WorldToday

Muslims in the WorldToday

Countries with the Largest Muslim

Population

Countries with the Largest Muslim

Population1. Indonesia 183,000,00

06. Iran 62,000,000

2. Pakistan 134,000,000

7. Egypt 59,000,000

3. India 121,000,000

8. Nigeria 53,000,000

4. Bangladesh

114,000,000

9. Algeria 31,000,000

5. Turkey 66,000,000 10. Morocco 29,000,000

* Arabs make up only 20% of the total Muslim population of the

world.

The Spread of IslamThe Spread of Islam

• Byzantine Empire – Syria (Damascus), Palestine Byzantine Empire – Syria (Damascus), Palestine (Jerusalem)(Jerusalem)

• Persian Empire – IraqPersian Empire – Iraq• Egypt – CairoEgypt – Cairo• North Africa – MoroccoNorth Africa – Morocco• Europe – Spain, FranceEurope – Spain, France• Asia – India, China (later spread to Southeast Asia – India, China (later spread to Southeast

Asia)Asia)• East Africa (Ethiopia)East Africa (Ethiopia)

Why rapid success?Why rapid success?

• Byzantine and Persian empires fought Byzantine and Persian empires fought each other so long, couldn’t withstand each other so long, couldn’t withstand attack; those living under Bs and Ps attack; those living under Bs and Ps welcomed Arabs!welcomed Arabs!

• Arab fighting techniques – Bedouin Arab fighting techniques – Bedouin tradition – excellent on camels and horsestradition – excellent on camels and horses

• Common Faith – Islam unified them; also Common Faith – Islam unified them; also belief that paradise was promised to those belief that paradise was promised to those who fell in battle.who fell in battle.

Sunni vs. Shiite (Shia)Sunni vs. Shiite (Shia)

• Sunnis believe that Sunnis believe that caliphcaliph chosen by chosen by leaders of Muslim leaders of Muslim communitycommunity

• Pious (upstanding) Pious (upstanding) MuslimMuslim

• Leader, NOT religious Leader, NOT religious authorityauthority

• 90 % of Muslims 90 % of Muslims todaytoday

• Caliph should be Caliph should be descendants of descendants of MuhammadMuhammad

• Caliph is Caliph is divinely divinely inspiredinspired

• Fatima (Muhammad’s Fatima (Muhammad’s daughter) and her daughter) and her husband, Alihusband, Ali

• Today: Lebanon, Iran, Today: Lebanon, Iran, Iraq and YemenIraq and Yemen

Islam Becomes UniversalIslam Becomes Universal

• Umayyad DynastyUmayyad Dynasty until 750 CE from Damascus until 750 CE from Damascus• Abbasid DynastyAbbasid Dynasty (Baghdad; non-Arab) until (Baghdad; non-Arab) until

1258; made Islam 1258; made Islam truly universal religiontruly universal religion; ; Golden Age of Islam; Caliph Harun al-RashidGolden Age of Islam; Caliph Harun al-Rashid

• Seljuk TurksSeljuk Turks, 900s, from Central Asia, took over , 900s, from Central Asia, took over Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire

• By 1200s, empire fragmented but Islam By 1200s, empire fragmented but Islam continued to unite all independent states. That continued to unite all independent states. That area is known as “area is known as “Dar al-IslamDar al-Islam” (House of ” (House of Islam)Islam)