home automation using powerline
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HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM USING POWER LINE COMMUNICATION
DARLENE BINTI MOHAMAD DOUGLAS
A report submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the
Degree of Bachelor of Electrical Engineering (Electronics)
Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Universiti Malaysia Pahang
NOVEMBER 2008
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG
BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS TESIS
JUDUL:
SESI PENGAJIAN:________________
Saya ________________________________________________________________(HURUF BESAR)
mengaku membenarkan tesis (Sarjana Muda/Sarjana /Doktor Falsafah)* ini disimpan di Perpustakaan dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut:
1. Tesis adalah hakmilik Kolej Universiti Kejuruteraan & Teknologi Malaysia. 2. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja.3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan tesis ini sebagai bahan pertukaran antara institusi
pengajian tinggi.4. **Sila tandakan ( )
(Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan SULIT atau kepentingan Malaysia seperti yang termaktub
di dalam AKTA RAHSIA RASMI 1972)
TERHAD (Mengandungi maklumat TERHAD yang telah ditentukan oleh organisasi/badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan)
TIDAK TERHAD
Disahkan oleh:
___________________________ ___________________________ (TANDATANGAN PENULIS) (TANDATANGAN PENYELIA)
Alamat Tetap:
NO.4, LRG DESA DAHLIA 1/6, ROSMADI BIN ABDULLAHTMN. DESA DAHLIA, SENAWANG,
70450 SEREMBAN, N. SEMBILAN. ( Nama Penyelia )
Tarikh: 17 NOVEMBER 2008 Tarikh: : 17 NOVEMBER 2008
CATATAN: * Potong yang tidak berkenaan.** Jika tesis ini SULIT atau TERHAD, sila lampirkan surat daripada pihak berkuasa/organisasi berkenaan dengan menyatakan sekali tempoh tesis ini perlu dikelaskan sebagai atau TERHAD. Tesis dimaksudkan sebagai tesis bagi Ijazah doktor Falsafah dan Sarjana secara
Penyelidikan, atau disertasi bagi pengajian secara kerja kursus dan penyelidikan, atau Laporan Projek Sarjana Muda (PSM).
2008/2009
DARLENE BINTI MOHAMAD DOUGLAS ( 861031-59-5268 )
HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM USING POWER LINE COMMUNICATION
“I hereby acknowledge that the scope and quality of this thesis is qualified for the
award of the Bachelor Degree of Electrical Engineering (Electronics)”
Signature : _________________________
Name : ROSMADI BIN ABDULLAH
Date : 17 NOVEMBER 2008
ii
“All the trademark and copyrights use herein are property of their respective owner.
References of information from other sources are quoted accordingly; otherwise the
information presented in this report is solely work of the author.”
Signature : ____________________________________
Author : DARLENE BINTI MOHAMAD DOUGLAS
Date : 17 NOVEMBER 2008
iii
Specially dedicated to my beloved parents, Mohamad Douglas Bin Abdullah and Che Minah Binti Daik who’s been with me through all the years, my precious friends and those people who have guided and inspired me throughout my journey of education.
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah, invocation and greetings to adoration of Nabi Muhammad
(S.A.W.), thanks to God because giving me strength and patience in finishing this Final
Year Project (Projek Sarjana Muda). Alhamdulillah.
In particular, I wish to express my sincere appreciation to my supervisor, Mr.
Rosmadi Bin Abdullah, for encouragement, guidance, critics and friendship. My fellow
friends under the same supervisor should also be recognized for their support and ideas.
In addition, my sincere appreciation also extends to all my colleagues and others
who have provided assistance at various occasions. Their views and tips are useful
indeed. I would also like to thank to all UMP’s lecturers and electrical technicians whom
had helped directly or indirectly. Unfortunately, it is not possible to list all of them in
this limited space. I sincerely appreciated all of the efforts and precious time to be spent
together in making this final year project educational, enjoyable and memorable. Not to
be forgotten, my deepest thanks to my parents for all the support and blessings.
The great cooperation and kindheartedness to share worth experiences that have
been shown by them will be always appreciated and treasured by me, thank you.
v
ABSTRACT
In recent years, for its convenient installation and low cost, the power line
increasingly become a popular transmission medium in creating residential network. In
houses, lamp switches normally located at a high location and it is hard to reach for the
switches without help for kids and disable person including people who unable to move
a lot due to accident cases. These problems can be overcome by using the Home
Automation System Using Power Line Communication (PLC) at home which is user
friendly and cost efficient. It requires only electricity to run the system. Hence this
system is very simple and cheap. The objective of this project is to build a home
automation system using a PLC modem and applying PIC microcontroller to control and
automate lamps and gates. A simple home automation system using power line
communication (PLC) which is convenient for people with disabilities and elderly to
control lamps and gates using a computer at home is showed in this paper. The computer
operates as a host station, connecting to the PLC modem serially using Recommended
Standard 232 (RS232) and a transceiver MAX232. User will automate the home
appliance based on the Graphical User Interface (GUI) by selecting the button appeared
on their computer screen. The buttons are designed using the Visual Basic 6.0. The PLC
modem (TDA5051A) operates by modulating in a carrier wave of between 20-200 kHz
into the household wiring at the transmitter. This modem is plugged into regular power
outlet. The carrier is modulated by digital signals (Amplitude Shift Keying). The
receiver demodulates the carrier wave and sends the signal to the micro controller which
is the PIC16F877. The receiver has an address and can be commanded by the signals
transmitted over the household wiring and decoded at the receiver. The PIC controls the
home appliances to function. In this project, the home appliance specified is the gate and
the lamp.
vi
ABSTRAK
Talian elektrik telah menjadi semakin popular sebagai medium pemancar
dalam mewujudkan rangkaian perumahan. Dalam sesebuah rumah, suis lampu biasanya
terletak pada paras yang sukar dicapai oleh kanak-kanak dan golongan orang kurang
upaya termasuklah golongan yang menghadapi kesukaran untuk bergerak akibat
kemalangan. Masalah ini boleh diselesaikan dengan menggunakan Sistem Automasi
Kediaman yang menggunakan komunikasi talian elektrik (PLC) yang mudah digunakan
dan kos efisien. Sistem ini hanya memerlukan bekalan elektrik untuk menjalankannya.
Maka, sistem ini sangat mudah dan murah. Objektif projek ini adalah untuk membina
satu sistem automasi kediaman menggunakan modem PLC dan mengaplikasikan
pengawal mikro PIC untuk mengawal dan mengautomasikan lampu dan pagar rumah.
Satu sistem automasi kediaman mudah yang menggunakan PLC yang sesuai untuk
golongan kurang upaya dan warga emas untuk mengawal lampu dan pagar dengan
menggunakan computer di rumah ditunjukkan. Komputer berfungsi sebagai stesen
utama, menghubungkan modem PLC secara siri dengan menggunakan RS232 dan
MAX232. Pengguna akan mengautomasi peralatan elektrik di rumah berasaskan
Antaramuka Pengguna Bergrafik (GUI) dengan menekan butang pada skrin computer.
Butang-butang ini direka dengan menggunakan Visual Basic 6.0. Modem PLC
(TDA5051A) berfungsi dengan mengubahsuaikan gelombang pembawa diantara 20-200
kHz pada pemancar ke pendawaian di kediaman. Gelombang pembawa ini diubahsuai
oleh isyarat digital (ASK). Penerima pula mendapat alamat dan boleh diarahkan oleh
isyarat yang telah dipanncarkan ke pendawaian dan kod ditafsir pada penerima.
Pengawal mikro mengawal peralatan elektrik untuk berfungsi.
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
DECLARATION ii
DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
ABSTRACT v
ABSTRAK vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
LIST OF FIGURES x
LIST OF TABLES xii
LIST OF SYMBOLS xiii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xiv
LIST OF APPENDICES xvi
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Objective 2
1.3 Scopes of Project 2
1.4 Problem Statement 3
1.5 Thesis Overview 3
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1 Power-line Communication in Home Automation 5
2.2 PLC Modem 6
2.3 Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) 8
2.4 Microcontroller 8
viii
2.4.1 PIC 16F877 9
2.5 Graphical user interface (GUI) 11
2.5.1 Visual Basic 11
2.6 RS232 12
3 METHODOLOGY 13
3.1 Block Diagram of the System 13
3.2 General Description of the System 14
3.3 Hardware Development 14
3.3.1 PIC Module 14
3.3.1.1 PIC16F877 14
3.3.1.2 PIC LED Test 15
3.3.2 Modem Module 16
3.3.2.1 TDA5051A 16
3.3.2.2 “Bug” Problem 19
3.3.3 Transmitter Module 21
3.3.3.1 Transmission mode of TDA5051A 21
3.3.3.2 Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) 22
3.3.3.3 Voltage Regulator 22
3.3.3.4 Coupler circuit 23
3.3.3.5 Dual D Flip Flop CD74HCT74 23
3.3.4 Receiver Module 24
3.3.4.1 Reception mode of TDA5051A 24
3.3.4.2 Improve sensitivity circuit 24
3.4 Software Development 25
3.4.1 PIC Programming 25
3.4.1.1 LED Test 25
3.4.1.2 Serial Test 28
3.4.2 GUI 28
3.4.1.1 Visual Basic Design 28
3.4.1.2 Visual Basic Programming 31
3.4.1.2.1 VBCom parameter setting 31
3.4.1.2.2 VBCom port setting 31
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4 RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS 32
4.1 PIC Module 32
4.1.1 LED Test 33
4.1.2 Serial Test 33
4.2 Transmitter Module 35
4.3 Receiver Module 38
4.4 Modem Module 39
4.5 GUI 42
5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT 45
5.1 Conclusion 45
5.2 Future Development 46
5.3 Coasting and Commercialization 46
5.3.1 Project Coasting 46
5.3.2 Commercialization 48
REFERENCES 49
APPENDICES A - K 52-93
x
LIST OF FIGURE
FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE
2.1 A binary ASK signal (lower), together with the binary
sequence which initiated it (upper)
8
2.2 PIC16F877 10
3.1 Block diagram of the transmitter circuit 13
3.2 Block diagram of the receiver circuit 13
3.3 Pin configuration of PIC16F877 15
3.4 Block Diagram TDA5051A 17
3.5 Typical Configuration for on-chip clock circuit 17
3.6 Pin Configuration 18
3.7 Cases when DATAIN signal being completely
asynchronous with the digital clock
19
3.8 Normal behavior (left) and the missing information of
the modulated wave (right)
20
3.9 The usage of same clock for microcontroller or modem 21
3.10 The usage of an external D-Latch 21
3.11 Parts of the coupler circuit 23
3.12 Parts of the improved sensitivity 25
3.13 Microcode Studio 26
3.14 meProg Configuration 26
3.15 meProg Program Downloader 27
3.16 meLabs U2 programmer (hardware) 27
3.17 meLabs U2 programmer hardware 27
3.18 Serial-In Program 28
xi
3.19 Test RS232.exe 29
3.20 Lamp controller.exe 30
3.21 VBCom parameter setting 30
3.22 VBCom port setting 31
4.1 PCB layout of PIC module 32
4.2 LED test 33
4.3 Serial test 34
4.4 Transmitter module 35
4.5 Measurement at 1D CD74HCT74 36
4.6 Measurement at 1Q CD74HCT74 36
4.7 Measurement at TXOUT TDA5051A 36
4.8 Measurement at TXOUT before sending a character 37
4.9 Measurement at TXOUT while sending a character 37
4.10 PCB layout of transmitter module 37
4.11 Measurement at RXIN TDA5051A 38
4.12 Measurement at DATAOUT TDA5051A 38
4.13 PCB layout of receiver module 39
4.14 PCB layout of modem module 40
4.15 TDA5051A 40
4.16 Measurement of the CLKOUT TDA5051A 40
4.17 Lamp control icon 42
4.18 VBCom parameter setting 43
4.19 Comport setting 44
4.20 A green light indicator shown after the COM is ON 44
xii
LIST OF TABLE
TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE
3.1 Pin Configuration 18
4.1 Calculation of parameter depending on the clock
frequency
41
5.1 The cost of components 46
xiii
LIST OF SYMBOLS
Hz - Hertz
s - Seconds
m - Meters
Ω - Ohms
dB - Decibel
V - Volts
F - Farad
H - Henry
A - Ampere
W - Watt
m - mili
k - kilo
M - Mega
µ - Micro
p - Pico
n - Nano
f - frequency
xiv
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
PLC - Power Line Communication
PIC - Peripheral Interface Controller
GUI - Graphical User Interface
VB - Visual Basic
ASK - Amplitude Shift Keying
AGC - Automatic Gain Control
DAM - Digital Amplitude Modulation
RKE - Remote Keyless Entry
TPM - Tire Pressure Monitoring
I/O - Input/Output
LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
IC - Integrated Circuit
RAM - Random Access Memory
CPU - Central Processing Unit
RAD - Rapid Application Development
TTL - Transistor-transistor Logic
CMOS - Complementary-metal-oxide Semiconductor
PC - Personal Computer
TX - Transmit
RX - Receive
ROM - Read Only Memory
NRZ - Non-Return-to-Zero
TDH - Total Harmonic Distortion
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
xv
ADC - Analog to Digital
DC - Direct Current
AC - Alternating Current
LED - Light Emitting Diode
VPP - Peak to peak Voltage
RMS - Root Mean Square
xvi
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX TITLE PAGE
A PIC LED Blinking Test Schematic Circuit 52
B PIC Serial Communication Test Schematic Circuit 54
C PIC Module Schematic Circuit 56
D Transmitter Module Schematic Circuit 58
E Receiver Module Schematic Circuit 60
F Lamp Control Schematic Circuit 62
G Motor Control Schematic Circuit 64
H Source Code for PIC LED Blinking 66
I Source Code for PIC Serial Communication 68
J Source Code for VB parameter setting 70
K Source Code for VB Port Setting 87
1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
In houses, lamp switches normally located at a high location and it is hard to
reach for the switches without help for kids and disable person including people who
unable to move a lot due to accident cases. For example; paralyzed and wheeled
chaired person. Furthermore, closing gates might be a problem for disable people,
elders and it might be dangerous for kids or ladies for social problems like
kidnapping and rape cases in this country increases. These problems can be
overcome by using the Home Automation System Using Power Line Communication
(PLC) at home which is user friendly and cost efficient. It requires only electricity to
run the system. Hence this system is very simple and cheap.
Nowadays, most houses already installed the automatic gate system using
remote control. With this additional installation of this Home Automation System
Using PLC to the original automatic gate system, user can control the gates by using
their personal computer at home besides the remote control. Hence, the remote
control can be leaved in the car while during at home, user can automate the gate
using the computer. Besides the gate, user can also automate the lamps around the
house.
Basically the project is about using the Power Line Communication (PLC) in
a home automation system and applying PIC in the system to control and automate
2
lamps and gates to make life easy at home where users control the systems only by
using the computer.
1.2 Objectives
The objective of this project is to build a home automation system using a
PLC modem and applying PIC microcontroller to control and automate variable
home appliances (lamps and gates).
1.3 Scopes of Project
Several scopes proposed in this project are:
i) To design and fabricate a transmitter module using TDA5051A modem.
ii) To design and fabricate a receiver module using TDA5051A modem.
iii) To design a controller system using PIC16F877.
iv) To design the Graphical User Interface (GUI) using Visual Basic 6.0.
v) To integrate the GUI with the hardware by using power line
communication.
3
1.4 Problem Statement
In houses, lamp switches normally located at a high location and it is hard to
reach for the switches without help for kids and disable person including people who
unable to move a lot due to accident cases such as being paralyzed or wheeled
chaired. Furthermore, closing gates might be a problem for a disable people, elders
and also might be dangerous for kids and women as we heard lots of kidnapping
cases happened in this country these years.
A home automation system using power line communication is proposed to
solve these problems. The system is friendly user and required only electricity to
drive the system therefore it is a low cost type of system.
1.5 Thesis Overview
The Home Automation System using Power line Communication thesis is a
combination of 5 chapters that contains and elaborates specific topics such as the
Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Results and Discussions, Conclusion
and Further Development that can be applied in this project.
Chapter 1: Introduction of the project.
Chapter 2: Literature review for the development of the Home
Automation System Using Power Line Communication.
Chapter 3: Methodology of the project.
Chapter 4: Results obtained, the limitation of the project based on the
performance of the modules fabricated, the costing and the
commercialization of the project.
4
Chapter 5: Conclusion and further development of the project.
5
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Power-line Communication in Home Automation
Home automation, also referred to as home control, smart home, smart
house, or intelligent home is actually a collection of devices, systems, and
subsystems which have the ability to interact with one another or function
independently [1]. Power Line Communication (PLC) is called power-line carrier
or a mains communication. PLC uses electric power lines to carry information over
the power line. It is a technique used in home automation for remote control as it
can use the household electrical power wiring as a transmission medium. PLC has
been a very important interdisciplinary topic for power, communications, industrial,
and automation engineers and researchers since the 1980s. PLC promises to be an
enabling home network technology due to its ability to deliver data over existing
power lines in homes. Similar to RF, the power line is a shared medium that exists
in a noisy environment, although the respective noise sources differ markedly.
Motors, switch-mode power supplies, fluorescent ballasts, and other impairments,
which generate substantial impulse and wideband noise share power lines [15].
Recently, with the explosive growth of the Internet and telecom technology
home automation experience an accelerating growth based on different kinds of
residential network. At the present there are several kinds of transmission medium
in residential network, such as coaxial-cable, radio, microwave, millimeter wave,
power line and fiber optics. Compared with other kinds of transmission medium,
power line has distinct advantage in setting up a network without additional line
6
installation and existing digital devices, including home appliances and information
devices, at a very low cost [2].
Many applications are operating at high speed and a fixed connection is
often preferred. If the power utilities could supply communication over the power-
line to the customers it could make a tremendous breakthrough in communication.
Every household would be connected at any time and services being provided at
real time. Using the power line as a communication medium could also be a cost
effective way compared to other system because it uses an existing infrastructure,
wire exists to every household connected to the power line network [3]. On the
other hand, device power in home automation still can be supplied by power line
itself. So PLC rapidly becomes a popular solution to set up residential network [2].
Concerning the former, one should consider that the targets are conventional
houses, adapted when users have an accident leading to disability or when they get
older [4].
Signal strength or signal attenuation in home electrical line is important for
design of home automation communications circuits. PLC communication signals
via main power lines are transmitted from a part of the home and received at the
other side. Measurements are carried out between general divisions of a home such
as kitchen, bedrooms, living room, hall, and bathroom, etc. Connectors are used to
deliver power lines in the divisions of homes. Connectors are placed at the wall
between two neighbor divisions at home. So power is delivered via these
connectors to every division. Connectors are induced an additional attenuation.
Power-line distances measured for signal attenuations given are between 6–30 m
[15].
2.2 PLC Modem
At the other extreme, we have had the X-10 format power line-based
technology but in this project, the modem will fabricate using the TDA5051A
manufactured by PHILIPS. The TDA5051T was the first chip version, featuring a