holt, rinehart and winston world geography today holt 1 the united states section 1: history and...

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

World World Geography Geography TodayToday

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The United StatesThe United StatesSection 1:Section 1: History and Culture History and Culture

Section 2:Section 2: Regions of the United States Regions of the United States

Section 3:Section 3: Geographic Issues Geographic Issues

CHAPTER 8CHAPTER 8



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Key events in American history:Key events in American history: Earliest inhabitants arrived at least 14,000 years ago Earliest inhabitants arrived at least 14,000 years ago

from Asia.from Asia. Europeans began arriving 500 years ago: first Europeans began arriving 500 years ago: first

Spanish, then English and French.Spanish, then English and French. British established 13 colonies.British established 13 colonies. After independence, in 1776, U.S. established a After independence, in 1776, U.S. established a

federal system of government.federal system of government.

Section 1 Section 1

History and CultureHistory and Culture



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Key events in American history: Key events in American history: (continued) Westward expansion in the 1800s gained new lands but caused Westward expansion in the 1800s gained new lands but caused

conflict with American Indians.conflict with American Indians. North industrialized, while South developed plantation economy. North industrialized, while South developed plantation economy.

Differences caused Civil War.Differences caused Civil War. Settlers occupied interior plains; immigration swelled eastern Settlers occupied interior plains; immigration swelled eastern

cities.cities. Great Depression Early 1900’sGreat Depression Early 1900’s U.S. fought in two world wars; emerged as a major power.U.S. fought in two world wars; emerged as a major power. Cold War 1950-early 1990’sCold War 1950-early 1990’s

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Unique elements of American culture:Unique elements of American culture: great diversity of people and languagesgreat diversity of people and languages variety of religionsvariety of religions broad public educationbroad public education distinctive forms of popular culture: movies, jazz, distinctive forms of popular culture: movies, jazz,

sportssports Immigration trendsImmigration trends

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Objectives:Objectives: What is the economy of the Northeast like?What is the economy of the Northeast like? Why is the Midwest such an important farming area?Why is the Midwest such an important farming area? How is the geography of the South changing?How is the geography of the South changing? How have environmental conditions influenced the How have environmental conditions influenced the

history of the West?history of the West?

Section 2Section 2

Regions of the United StatesRegions of the United States



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Features of Northeastern economy:Features of Northeastern economy: first region to industrializefirst region to industrialize thriving commerce in port citiesthriving commerce in port cities industrial decline in the late 1900sindustrial decline in the late 1900s now a mix of industry, commerce, and finance.now a mix of industry, commerce, and finance.

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Strength of Midwestern agriculture:Strength of Midwestern agriculture: one of the world’s most productive farming areasone of the world’s most productive farming areas abundant arable landabundant arable land Corn Belt—corn for export, livestock feedCorn Belt—corn for export, livestock feed Dairy Belt—major producer of butter and cheeseDairy Belt—major producer of butter and cheese

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Changes in the South:Changes in the South: shift away from rural farm economyshift away from rural farm economy growth of industry, prompted by low wages, cheap growth of industry, prompted by low wages, cheap

land, laws land, laws substantial immigration from Latin Americasubstantial immigration from Latin America urbanizationurbanization

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Influence of the Western environment:Influence of the Western environment: harsh conditions limited early settlementharsh conditions limited early settlement ranching, wheat farming on plainsranching, wheat farming on plains abundant minerals fueled mining economyabundant minerals fueled mining economy natural beauty stimulates tourismnatural beauty stimulates tourism California agriculture based on irrigationCalifornia agriculture based on irrigation

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Objectives:Objectives: What are some important environmental issues in the What are some important environmental issues in the

United States?United States? What natural hazards affect the lives of Americans?What natural hazards affect the lives of Americans? How are cities and population patterns in the United How are cities and population patterns in the United

States changing?States changing? How is the U.S. economy tied to other countries How is the U.S. economy tied to other countries

around the world?around the world?

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Geographic IssuesGeographic Issues



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Environmental issues:Environmental issues: huge energy consumption huge energy consumption great waste and pollutiongreat waste and pollution population growth and economic development add to population growth and economic development add to

problems (e.g., acid rain)problems (e.g., acid rain) fertilizer runoff harms marine lifefertilizer runoff harms marine life dams and competition for scarce water—key issues in dams and competition for scarce water—key issues in

WestWest

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Natural hazards:Natural hazards: earthquakes on west coastearthquakes on west coast flooding in many areasflooding in many areas tornadoes in Midwest and Southtornadoes in Midwest and South hurricanes along east coast and Gulf of Mexicohurricanes along east coast and Gulf of Mexico

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Changes in cities and population Changes in cities and population patterns:patterns: shift of population and business from center cities to shift of population and business from center cities to

suburbssuburbs some gentrification in inner cities, forcing out low-some gentrification in inner cities, forcing out low-

income residentsincome residents major impact of immigration on ethnic and cultural major impact of immigration on ethnic and cultural

mix, notably in West and Southmix, notably in West and South

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Global economy:Global economy: reliance on world tradereliance on world trade shifting emphasis from tariff protections to free tradeshifting emphasis from tariff protections to free trade pros and cons of free trade agreements (e.g., NAFTA)pros and cons of free trade agreements (e.g., NAFTA)

Political Issues:Political Issues: Middle East (Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan)Middle East (Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan) TerrorismTerrorism Economy(debt, taxes, jobs, housing market)Economy(debt, taxes, jobs, housing market)

Social Issues:Social Issues: Racial IssuesRacial Issues Rich vs. Poor (the gap between them is huge)Rich vs. Poor (the gap between them is huge)

Section 3Section 3


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