HOLONIC ENTERPRISE AS A HOLONIC ENTERPRISE AS A COLLABORATIVE COLLABORATIVE

INFORMATION ECOSYSTEMINFORMATION ECOSYSTEM

INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS GROUPINTELLIGENT SYSTEMS GROUPHEAD: Dr. Douglas NorrieHEAD: Dr. Douglas Norrie

http://isg.enme.ucalgary.cahttp://isg.enme.ucalgary.caThe University of CalgaryThe University of Calgary

CANADACANADA

FIPA Meeting

London, UK 2001

FIPA Meeting

London, UK 2001

MIHAELA ULIERU

HOLONIC ENTERPRISEHOLONIC ENTERPRISE

HOLARCHYHOLARCHY of Collaborative Enterprises of Collaborative Enterprises (Entity: Systems, “things”, AGENTS) - (Entity: Systems, “things”, AGENTS) - holonsholons

BalanceBalance AUTONOMY - COOPERATION AUTONOMY - COOPERATION

ReplicationReplication into self-similar structures at multi-resolution levels (fractalfractal)

HOLONIC ENTERPRISE AS A HOLARCHY

EC

CE CE CE

CC

EC

CE CE CE

CC

EC

CE CE CE

CC

EC

CE CE CE

CC

EC

CE CE CE

CC

ENTERPRISE

RESOURCEr

Field Cluster

RESOURCE

RESOURCERESOURCE

RESOURCEr

EC

CE CE CE

CC

EC

CE CE CE

CC

EC

CE CE CE

CC

ENTERPRISE

RESOURCE

Field Cluster

RESOURCERESOURCEr

HOLONICENTERPRISE

Dynamic Virtual Cluster

COLLABORATIVE COLLABORATIVE LEVELSLEVELS

1. INTER-ENTERPRISE (supply chain)1. INTER-ENTERPRISE (supply chain) 2. INTRA-ENTERPRISE 2. INTRA-ENTERPRISE

(planning/scheduling(planning/scheduling 3. MACHINE CONTROL (manufacturing)3. MACHINE CONTROL (manufacturing)

? What do we ABSTRACT into agents ? What do we ABSTRACT into agents at each Level - to provide the at each Level - to provide the desired functionality/resultsdesired functionality/results

• Group behaviorsGroup behaviors• Task • Agent classes • Interaction patterns• Coordination constraints• Task ordering constraints• Results constraints: task- related information, topics• Execution constraints

• ACLACL message protocols message protocols

• Group behaviorsGroup behaviors• Task • Agent classes • Interaction patterns• Coordination constraints• Task ordering constraints• Results constraints: task- related information, topics• Execution constraints

• ACLACL message protocols message protocolsJavathreads

Javathreads

ConvertConvert

Colored Petri NetsColored Petri Nets

SpecifySpecify

VerifyVerify

DeployDeployConversationConversation

ManagersManagers((centralized orcentralized or

distributeddistributed))

ConversationConversationManagersManagers

((centralized orcentralized ordistributeddistributed))

Conversationschemata

Conversationschemata

ModelModel

Conversation Manager

YP

IE

SchemataLibrary

ANS

I/O

ASP EE

Ready A

Ready B

Ready C

Waiting A

Requested A-B

Waiting B

Reply C

Requested B-C

Reply C

Request B Reply B

Timeout B

Request A

Timeout A

InterfaceAgent

CollaborativeAgent

KnowledgeAgent

Database

Reply

Reply

Re q

u est

Re q

u est

Flow of Information between Flow of Information between the Inter and Intra-Enterprise the Inter and Intra-Enterprise LevelsLevels

Flow of Information between Flow of Information between the Inter and Intra-Enterprise the Inter and Intra-Enterprise LevelsLevels

University of University of CalgaryCalgaryIntelligent Systems GroupIntelligent Systems Group

Calgary, Alberta, CanadaCalgary, Alberta, Canada

University of University of CalgaryCalgaryIntelligent Systems GroupIntelligent Systems Group

Calgary, Alberta, CanadaCalgary, Alberta, Canada

Internal Conceptualization Internal Conceptualization of a Conversation Managerof a Conversation Manager

Production Planning ScenarioProduction Planning Scenario

Abstract Abstract conversationconversation

SchemaSchema

Conversation Schema as Conversation Schema as a Colored Petri Neta Colored Petri NetSchema instantiation and executionSchema instantiation and execution

Schemaclass

Schemainstance

Agentnaming

Rule variableinitialization

Schema instantiation

Message

Schema execution

Recognizing Situation

Selecting a rule

Executing the rule

Sending messages

Updating and Memorizingstate informationIE:

ASP:EE:

ANS:

Inference EngineActive Schema PoolExecution EngineAgent Naming Sub-system

Task

Sub-Task Sub-TaskSub-Task

Machine1 Machine2 Tool1 Tool2

Virtual Cluster 1

Virtual Cluster 2

Task Decomposition

Partial CloningPartial Cloning

ECHolon

CEHolon

CEHolon

CEHolon

CCHolon

Production job sch ed uling lis t

Function blockbased

applicatio n log ic

Executable applicatio n cod e

Job ID Machine ID O-t ime Due date S-t ime Dependant j ob

FB logi cappli cation

Executable app lication code files

DEPLOYMENTMECHANISM

PATTERNS OF HOLONIC PATTERNS OF HOLONIC COLLABORATIONCOLLABORATION

Common mechanisms that characterize the information ecosystem created by the three levels of a holonic enterprise:

Dynamic Virtual Clustering configured to minimize cost and enabling for flexible, re-configurable structures

Mediator Agent (decisions on cluster configuration)

Partial Cloning (enterprises, internal resources, physical machines)

META

aG ENT 1- 1

m1 m2m3

m4n2

n3n4

p1p2

p3p4 p5 q1 q4q2

q3

2-12-2

2-3 2-4

3-1 3-2

3-31-41-3

1-2

n1

1- 1 1-41-31-2

2-12-2

2-3 2-4

3-1 3-23-3

Grouping Configurat ion(GT-ba sed methods)

Ta sk-driven Machine

Groups Ide nt ifie d by (GT-ba sed methods)

RESOURCELEVEL

Dynamic Virtual Clust er

DynamicMediator

Holon

Vir tu al Cluster VCH 2 Community

VCH 1 VCH 3

Per s is t Phy si cal Manuf acturi ng Resour ces Co mmu nity

ENTERPRISELEVEL

Schedule-Cont rolCluster

METAMORPHIC ARCHITECTURE

HOLONIC ENTERPRISE

HOLONIC PATTERNS HOLONIC PATTERNS INTERACTIONINTERACTION

Mediator Design Pattern

Virtual Clustering Pattern

Partial Cloning Pattern

Task Decomposition Pattern

Leads to using

Creates virtual clustering when mediators use

is used to add clone tovirtual cluster

Prototyping Pattern

is used in creatinga clone

Metamorphic Architecture Pattern

TASK DECOMPOSITIONTASK DECOMPOSITION Task distribution among the cluster’s Task distribution among the cluster’s

entities (“outside-in view” from the entities (“outside-in view” from the Mediator to each collaborative entityMediator to each collaborative entity

Task deployment within each entity Task deployment within each entity (“inside-out” view from the entity to (“inside-out” view from the entity to the Mediator)the Mediator)

ONTOLOGY “PATTERN”ONTOLOGY “PATTERN”: : - “peer-to-peer” (task - “peer-to-peer” (task distribution) - distribution) - “inter-level” (task deployment)“inter-level” (task deployment)

INTER-ENTERPRISEINTER-ENTERPRISE

The Networked EconomyThe Networked Economy

Wireless

Portal

eMarketplace

Suppliers

Customers

Partners

Employees

Business Model in the 20th Century

PartnersSuppliers

Customers

Employees

Business Model in the 21st Century

Enterprise Portals enable Integrated and

sharing of Information,

Services and Applications

among Suppliers,

Employees, Partners and Customers.

Content

Communication

Collaboration

Commerce

Customer Care

Employee

Supplier

Partner

Customer

Key Services Aggregated for...Targeted

Communities

Supplier

Partner

Content

Communication

Collaboration

Commerce

Customer Care

Any D

evice Access

Employee

Customer

What is a Portal?

Enterprise Information Portals Transform the Business Value Chain

The Enterprise Information Portal

Supplier FirmChannelPartner Customer

Suppliers Partners

Firm

Cu

stom

er

Traditional Model of Business Value Chain

Portal Enabled Business: “iValue Chain”

Becomes…

INTER-ENTERPRISEINTER-ENTERPRISE

FORCES TO BE BALANCEDFORCES TO BE BALANCED: : - Cost Minimization (maximum - Cost Minimization (maximum synergy: cluster the ‘best’ synergy: cluster the ‘best’ partners) - BALANCE partners) - BALANCE Autonomy-Cooperation - ‘On-Autonomy-Cooperation - ‘On-demand’ tracking; on-line failure demand’ tracking; on-line failure reporting reporting - On-line re-configuration - On-line re-configuration (to keep ‘optimal’ cluster)(to keep ‘optimal’ cluster)

VIRTUAL VIRTUAL ORGANISATIONSORGANISATIONS

SERVICES AND SERVICES AND MECHANISMSMECHANISMS

Metamorphic ArchitectureMetamorphic Architecture: : InteroperabilityInteroperability (FIPA); (FIPA); SecuritySecurity Standards Standards

Virtual ClusteringVirtual Clustering: : MediatorMediator needs needs Grouping PoliciesGrouping Policies (obligation, (obligation, authorization, constraining). authorization, constraining). Contractual Contractual frameworksframeworks that enable nested that enable nested management structures in policy-management structures in policy-restraining contexts and under security restraining contexts and under security constraints (constraints (COOPERATION DOMANINSCOOPERATION DOMANINS))

THE COOPERATION-COMMUNICATION THE COOPERATION-COMMUNICATION LAYERLAYER

infrastructureinfrastructure

An Architecture for Collaborative MAS 23

• • URL: [protocol://] [id@] host : port [/path]

PARTIAL CLONINGPARTIAL CLONING

ATTRIBUTESATTRIBUTES to be abstracted into to be abstracted into agents: agents: which goods and services which goods and services does the enterprise provide and does the enterprise provide and what makes its competitive what makes its competitive advantage?; marketing strategies advantage?; marketing strategies (attributes that enable penetration (attributes that enable penetration into a cluster and be chosen when into a cluster and be chosen when a new cluster is formed)a new cluster is formed)

MEDIATORMEDIATOR

““INSIDE-OUT” - Enterprise-to-cluster INSIDE-OUT” - Enterprise-to-cluster negotiation: ISSUE: obtain and maintain the negotiation: ISSUE: obtain and maintain the TRUST of the mediator in charge with the TRUST of the mediator in charge with the coordination of the collaborative clustercoordination of the collaborative cluster

““Otuside-In” - Cluster-to Enterprise decisions: Otuside-In” - Cluster-to Enterprise decisions: Flexible Utility Function (is cost of keeping the Flexible Utility Function (is cost of keeping the partner worthwhile). [Jennings - “keep partner partner worthwhile). [Jennings - “keep partner whose proposal is most similar to opponent’s whose proposal is most similar to opponent’s last offer, but whose trust degree is higher”last offer, but whose trust degree is higher”

Task Task Distribution/DecompositiDistribution/Decompositi

onon

Mediators can enforce Mediators can enforce Compliance Compliance MechanismsMechanisms (e.g. ‘reputation’ and (e.g. ‘reputation’ and ‘regimentation’) on the partners to ‘regimentation’) on the partners to coerce them to fulfill their obligations.coerce them to fulfill their obligations.

Negotiation FrameworksNegotiation Frameworks (Jennings) (Jennings) using ‘influence’ (Interactive using ‘influence’ (Interactive contractual design)contractual design)

INTRA-ENTERPRISEINTRA-ENTERPRISE FORCES TO BE BALANCEDFORCES TO BE BALANCED:: 1. Need to keep one’s position within the 1. Need to keep one’s position within the

collaborative clustercollaborative cluster 2. Need to stay Competitive2. Need to stay Competitive REQUIRED SERVICESREQUIRED SERVICES:: 1. Dynamic scheduling to accommodate new 1. Dynamic scheduling to accommodate new

orders “on the fly” (re-prioritize; re-configure)orders “on the fly” (re-prioritize; re-configure) 2. Security Policies; Advertising; Bidding; 2. Security Policies; Advertising; Bidding;

Interfacing with each cluster; “look-out”Interfacing with each cluster; “look-out”

PATTERNSPATTERNS Mediator AgentMediator Agent: channels all access to the : channels all access to the

system to ensure security and robustness of system to ensure security and robustness of the collaborative ecosystem inside the the collaborative ecosystem inside the enterprise (Static and Dynamic Mediators)enterprise (Static and Dynamic Mediators)

Dynamic Virtual ClusteringDynamic Virtual Clustering: GT: GT Task DecompositionTask Decomposition: On-line re-scheduling : On-line re-scheduling

of the production resources (e.g. EA) of the production resources (e.g. EA) Work Work flow reconfiguration across the organizationflow reconfiguration across the organization

ONTOLOGIES: ONTOLOGIES: deploy scheduled task down deploy scheduled task down to the machine control level (Jim to the machine control level (Jim Christensen)Christensen)

A Robust, Scalable A Robust, Scalable Infrastructure Platform Infrastructure Platform

MassiveMassiveScaleScale

IntegratableIntegratableStackStack

ContinuousContinuousReal-timeReal-time

H/WH/WS/WS/W

Sun’s Three Main Investment Areas

MACHINE CONTROL LEVELMACHINE CONTROL LEVEL

GOAL: ensure production continuity GOAL: ensure production continuity through machine reliability and rapid through machine reliability and rapid reconfiguration in case of break-downreconfiguration in case of break-down

FORCES: enable user to develop the FORCES: enable user to develop the application by ‘plugging’ function blocks; application by ‘plugging’ function blocks; compile the code and distribute it on the compile the code and distribute it on the appropriate resources for execution; appropriate resources for execution; manage timing and precedence manage timing and precedence relationships while executing the relationships while executing the distributed FB; safety, etc.distributed FB; safety, etc.

MACHINE LEVELMACHINE LEVEL

Self Configuration and Dynamic Reconfiguration of Intelligent Machines (physical holons)

Deployment of self-(re)configuring, intelligent, distributed automation elements.

Ontologies for manufacturing process-task-operation-controller (e.g.function block) mapping (e.g., PSL)

PATTERNS OF HOLONIC PATTERNS OF HOLONIC CONTROLCONTROL

Mapping Holonic Systems Mapping Holonic Systems into MAS via Mediatorsinto MAS via Mediators

PURPOSE OF PD&MPURPOSE OF PD&M

– These patterns have specific particularities within These patterns have specific particularities within each level of the collaborative holarchy. each level of the collaborative holarchy.

– The purpose of our work is to identify these The purpose of our work is to identify these particularities and clearly define the mechanisms particularities and clearly define the mechanisms that would enable their implementation on the that would enable their implementation on the grounds offered by the FIPA architecture:grounds offered by the FIPA architecture:

– E.g. E.g. ONTOLOGIESONTOLOGIES: inter-’thing’ communication: inter-’thing’ communication AgentAgent - ‘peer-to-peer’ - ‘peer-to-peer’ LevelLevel: deployment (‘outside-in’); : deployment (‘outside-in’);

bidding/advertising (‘inside-out’)bidding/advertising (‘inside-out’)

NEXT MEETING OF THE PD&M NEXT MEETING OF THE PD&M WGWG

ACAI 01 – Summer School ACAI 01 – Summer School Multi-Agent Systems and their ApplicationsMulti-Agent Systems and their Applications

http://cyber.felk.cvut.cz/ACAI01 http://cyber.felk.cvut.cz/ACAI01 Prague, July 2-13, 2001Prague, July 2-13, 2001 joint event of AgentLink, ECCAI, CTU and joint event of AgentLink, ECCAI, CTU and

University of Vienna University of Vienna 24 invited lecturers (K. 24 invited lecturers (K. SycaraSycara, E. , E. DurfeeDurfee, M. , M.

WooldridgeWooldridge, M. , M. TambeTambe, S. , S. KrausKraus, Y. , Y. DemazeauDemazeau, F. , F. LabrouLabrou, W. , W. WahlsterWahlster))

accompanied by workshops and student sessionsaccompanied by workshops and student sessions