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Tuesday 4/3

• Objective: To better understand the 8 stages of genocide through the example of the Holocaust.

• Bell Work: Take out your vocabulary sheets for me to check and for us to go over.

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How is the Holocaust a Genocide?

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Holocaust background

• The Holocaust did not just involve persecuting the Jewish people of Europe

• 12 million people were killed during Its duration

• The Nazi Holocaust also targeted:– Political Opponents, Communists, the Mentally

and Physically Disabled, Jews, Slavs, Gypsies, and Many Other Groups

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1. Classification

People are divided into "us and them".

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Identify the target-Political Opposition

• The First Victims of the Holocaust Were Those Who Opposed/or Could Oppose the Nazi Party– Political Opponents– Church Officials

• Why?– Remove Those Opposed to the

Ideas/Plans of the Nazi Party and Could Hinder or Inhibit the Nazi Vision of Germany from happening

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Identify the target- Mentally & Physically Disabled

• A second group the Nazis targeted were those with mental/physical disabilities

• To rid the Aryan race of these people, the Nazis tried the following…– 1930’s

• Isolated children by sending them to “Care Facilities”

– 1939 • Experimentation in Genocide where Nazis perfected

methods of Genocide

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sity • Another group targeted, and the group

most identify with the Holocaust were the Jews

• Nazis ban Jews from military.

• Nuremberg race laws against Jews decreed.

Identify the target- Jews

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2. SymbolizationWhen combined with hatred, symbols

may be forced upon unwilling members

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Symbolization

• Arm Bands:– Worn over sleeve of jacket

• Yellow Star:– Had to be worn on clothes

• Tattoos– In camps, Jews were identified with

numbers tattooed on their arm

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3. Dehumanization

One group denies the humanity of the other group. Members of it are equated with animals, vermin, insects or diseases.

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4. Organization• Genocide is always organized...

Special army units or militias are often trained and armed– Gestapo: secret police– SS: militia branch of the Nazi Party,

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Gestapo & SS

• Gestapo– 1933 created– Directed by Himmler in

1934– Sought to get rid of

Nazi opposition– 1935 established

concentration camps for incarcerated

– 1939 followed army as death squad to kill Jews

• SS– Had to prove Aryan

ancestry of 150 yrs; 5’11 or taller; good physical condition

– Under Himmler 1929-1945 grew from crowd control to most powerful militia group in Ger.

– Ran concentration camps/death camps

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5. Polarization• Hate groups broadcast polarizing

propaganda• New laws that promote segregation

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Nuremburg Laws

• Laws instituted September 19351. Excluded Jews from Reich citizenship

2. Prohibited Jews from marrying anyone of German decent

3. Identified Jews as anyone with Jewish grandparents

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6. Preparation

• Victims are identified and separated out because of their ethnic or religious identity

Life in the Ghettos

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Ghettos

• Jewish Ghettos were established by the Nazis a. Mostly in Eastern Europe, namely

Poland

b. Neighborhoods where only Jews could live; poor areas; supervised/guarded with limited resources

c. Overcrowded; epidemics and starvation

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Why Ghettos?

• Separate the Jewish population from the non-Jews– Built walls and had guards around

ghettos

– No one could come in or out

• Dehumanize the Jews– Take away human rights and sense of a

normal life: curfews, job restrictions, access to food

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Life Goes On

• Not knowing what was to become of them, Jewish people continued to try and live a “normal” life– Tended to the sick, elderly, and very

young

– Taught the children history, literature, etc– Tried to preserve their faith through

prayer services

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Building a wall around a Jewish Ghetto

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Men in Jewish Ghetto (notice the yellow stars)

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Dachau

• First Concentration Camp

• Opened 1933• Housed Mainly

Political Prisoners• Dachau Served as

the Model for Concentration Camp Organization

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7. Extermination

• It is "extermination" to the killers because they do not believe their victims to be fully human.

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Concentration vs. Death Camps

• Labor in Camps Helped the War Effort

• Nazis Had Work Narrowed Down to a Science– Knew How Long

an Individual Could Work Before Body Breakdown

• Death Camps• Young Men, Old

Men, & Women• Those Who Could

Not Work• “Showers” of

Zyklon -B• Crematories

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The Final Solution• Ghettos were NOT permanent

settlements for Jews– “holding station”

• 1942, Jews in ghettos began to be “resettled”– Others quickly discovered this meant

being transferred to a death camp or immediately to death

– Some strong Jews moved to labor camps for a while before being exterminated

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Solution of the Jewish question. We, the SS, have to carry out this order…”– The Final Solution was to kill the

Jews

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Locations of Death and Concentration Camps

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Auschwitz

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Majdanek

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Belzec

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Chelmno

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Treblinka

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Liquidation

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The Boxcar Ride

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The Boxcar Ride

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Arrival at Camp

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Reception

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Sorting the Inmates

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Sorting the Inmates

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8. Denial• The perpetrators deny that they

committed any crimes – The Nuremberg Trials

• Nazi officials put on trial for their wrong-doings

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The Aftermath of the Holocaust

• Could This Happen Again?– Bosnia, Kosovo, Rwanda, Sudan …

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Poemtake out a piece of paper

First they came for the JewsAnd I did not speak out—Because I was not a Jew.

Then they came for the communists

And I did not speak out—Because I was not a communist.

Then they came for the trade unionists

And I did not speak out—Because I was not a trade

unionist.

Then they came for me—And there was no one left To speak out for me.

~Pastor Niemoeller

1. What is the main idea and meaning of the poem?

2. Why do you think some people in the area do not fight against a genocide that is going on around them?

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