Holmes Chapter 2 OutlineLanguage Choice in Multilingual Communities

1. Code / Language Choice

2. Diglossia

3. Code-Switching and Code-Mixing

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Holmes, Janet. 2013. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, 4th edition. Chapter 2. London: Pearson.

Domains of Language Use

Participants

Setting

Topic

Holmes, Janet. 2013. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, 4th edition. London: Pearson, p. 21.

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Language Choice Decision Tree

Fasold, Ralph. 1984. The Sociolinguistics of Society. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, p. 201.

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Drawback of the Domain Approach

“The domain-based approach allows for only one choice of language per domain, namely the language used most of the time in that domain. Clearly more than one language may occur in any domain. Different people may use different languages in the same domain.”

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Holmes, Janet. 2013. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, 4th edition. London: Pearson, p. 47.

Diglossia—Narrow Definition

1. Two distinct varieties of the same language are used in the community. (One is regarded as High, the other as Low.)

2. Each variety is used for quite distinct functions; H and L complement each other.

3. No one uses the H variety in everyday conversation.

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Holmes, Janet. 2013. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, 4th edition. London: Pearson, p. 27.

Factors Affecting Code-Switching

Situational Switching

Topic

For Affective Functions

Metaphorical Switching

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Holmes, Janet. 2013. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, 4th edition. London: Pearson, pp. 34-43.

Thesis Topic: Lexical Borrowing in Chinese

1. How much borrowing is there in Chinese (or Mandarin)? (e.g., from English)

2. What kinds of borrowing?

3. What do the borrowed words look like after borrowing? Has the pronunciation changed? Has the meaning changed?

4. Are people aware that a word is borrowed?

5. Is borrowing necessary? 7/8

Questions for Discussion

1. Describe your Linguistic Repertoire. (List format is OK.)

2. List the varieties you used yesterday: give domain, participants, setting (as appropriate).

3. Think back to the last (most recent) time you code-switched. What kind of switching did you do? Why?

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