hofstede’s cultural dimensions individualism-collectivism masculinity-femininity power distance...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Individualism-collectivism Masculinity-femininity Power distance Uncertainty avoidance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061614/56649da25503460f94a8ee3e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions
Individualism-collectivism
Masculinity-femininity
Power distance
Uncertainty avoidance
![Page 2: Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Individualism-collectivism Masculinity-femininity Power distance Uncertainty avoidance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061614/56649da25503460f94a8ee3e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions (cont’d)
Work-related value dimensions
Most influential effort to group by cultural values
Surveyed over 116,000 employees in more than 70 countries
Created maps of pairs of dimensions
![Page 3: Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Individualism-collectivism Masculinity-femininity Power distance Uncertainty avoidance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061614/56649da25503460f94a8ee3e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Individualism-Collectivism
Self-perception as individual or part of a group
Most widely studied
Most complex
Dimensions different across cultures i.e., Asian vs Latin American collectivism
![Page 4: Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Individualism-collectivism Masculinity-femininity Power distance Uncertainty avoidance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061614/56649da25503460f94a8ee3e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Individualism-Collectivism (cont’d)
IndividualismHigh value on
autonomyIndividual
achievementPrivacy
CollectivismHigh value on group
Family, clan, organization
LoyaltyDevotionConformity
![Page 5: Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Individualism-collectivism Masculinity-femininity Power distance Uncertainty avoidance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061614/56649da25503460f94a8ee3e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Masculinity-FemininityDescribes Importance of
Achievement versus Relationships
Success
Assertive acquisition of money/power
achievement
Equality of genders
Caring for disadvantaged
harmony
![Page 6: Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Individualism-collectivism Masculinity-femininity Power distance Uncertainty avoidance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061614/56649da25503460f94a8ee3e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Power Distance
Acceptance of differences in power
High-Power Distance
Accept position
Follow authority
Concentrated & centralized authority
Hierarchical
Low-Power Distance
Avoid concentration of authority
Decentralized
Fewer layers of management
![Page 7: Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Individualism-collectivism Masculinity-femininity Power distance Uncertainty avoidance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061614/56649da25503460f94a8ee3e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Uncertainty Avoidance
Reaction to ambiguous events
Low UncertaintyAvoidanceEmbrace
unpredictableLess adherence to
rules, procedures, or hierarchies
Risk taking desirable
High UncertaintyAvoidanceThreatened by
ambiguityNeed stable &
predictable workplace
Reliance on rules
![Page 8: Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Individualism-collectivism Masculinity-femininity Power distance Uncertainty avoidance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061614/56649da25503460f94a8ee3e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Cultural Maps
Individualism-Collectivism & Power Distance
Uncertainty Avoidance & Masculinity-Femininity
Uncertainty Avoidance & Power Distance
![Page 9: Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Individualism-collectivism Masculinity-femininity Power distance Uncertainty avoidance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061614/56649da25503460f94a8ee3e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Individualism-Collectivism & Power Distance
Large power distance and collectivism Asia and Latin America
Small power distance and individualism Northern Europe and Anglo countries
![Page 10: Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Individualism-collectivism Masculinity-femininity Power distance Uncertainty avoidance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061614/56649da25503460f94a8ee3e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Culture Map for Power
Distance and Individualis
m
![Page 11: Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Individualism-collectivism Masculinity-femininity Power distance Uncertainty avoidance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061614/56649da25503460f94a8ee3e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Uncertainty Avoidance & Masculinity-Femininity
Achievement oriented-weak uncertainty avoidance & masculine values
Security Motivation-high uncertainty avoidance & masculinity
Social Motivation-feminine values & high uncertainty avoidance
![Page 12: Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Individualism-collectivism Masculinity-femininity Power distance Uncertainty avoidance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061614/56649da25503460f94a8ee3e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Culture Map for
Uncertainty
Avoidance and
Masculinity-
Femininity
![Page 13: Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Individualism-collectivism Masculinity-femininity Power distance Uncertainty avoidance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061614/56649da25503460f94a8ee3e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Uncertainty Avoidance & Power Distance
Family-large power distance & weak uncertainty avoidance
Pyramid of People-large power distance & strong uncertainty avoidance
Well-Oiled Machine-small power distance & strong uncertainty avoidance
Village Market-small power distance & low uncertainty avoidance
![Page 14: Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Individualism-collectivism Masculinity-femininity Power distance Uncertainty avoidance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061614/56649da25503460f94a8ee3e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Culture Map for Power Distance
and Uncertainty Orientation
![Page 15: Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Individualism-collectivism Masculinity-femininity Power distance Uncertainty avoidance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061614/56649da25503460f94a8ee3e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Limitation of Hofstede’s Dimensions
Missing countries Estimates values
Ignores differences within clusters
![Page 16: Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Individualism-collectivism Masculinity-femininity Power distance Uncertainty avoidance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061614/56649da25503460f94a8ee3e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Trompenaars’s Alternative Dimensions
Focus on values and relationships
Survey of 15,000 managers Over 10-year period From 28 countries
Bipolar cultural dimensions
![Page 17: Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Individualism-collectivism Masculinity-femininity Power distance Uncertainty avoidance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061614/56649da25503460f94a8ee3e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Trompenaars’s Alternative Dimensions (cont’d)
Outer-directed—Inner-directed
Universalism—Particularism
Neutral—Emotional
Specific—Diffuse
Achievement—Ascription
Individualism—Communitarianism