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TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 1
The Systems DevelopmentEnvironment
Modern Systems Analysisand Design
Fifth Edition
Jeffrey A. HofferJoey F. George
Joseph S. Valacich
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2008 by Prentice Hall 3Chapter 1
Introduction
Information Systems Analysis and Design
Complex organizational process.
Used to develop and maintain computer-based information systems.
Used by a team of business and systemsprofessionals.
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Introduction (Cont.)
2008 by Prentice Hall 4Chapter 1
Figure 1-1 An organizational approach to systems analysis and
design is driven by methodologies, techniques, and tools
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2008 by Prentice Hall 5Chapter 1
A Modern Approach to Systems
Analysis and Design (Cont.)Application Software
Computer software designed to support
organizational functions or processes.
Systems Analyst role
Study the problems and needs of an
organization to bring improvements to theorganization
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2008 by Prentice Hall 6Chapter 1
Types of Information Systems
and Systems Development Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
Automate handling of data about business
activities (transactions)Process orientation
Management Information Systems (MIS)
Converts raw data from transactionprocessing system into meaningful form
Data orientation
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2008 by Prentice Hall 7Chapter 1
Types of Information Systems
and Systems Development (Cont.) Decision Support Systems (DSS)
Designed to help decision makers
Provides interactive environment for decisionmaking
Involves data warehouses, executive
information systems (EIS)Database, model base, user dialogue
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2008 by Prentice Hall 8Chapter 1
Summary of Information
Systems Types
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2008 by Prentice Hall 9Chapter 1
Developing Information Systems
System Development Methodology is astandard process followed in an
organization to conduct all the stepsnecessary to analyze, design, implement,
and maintain information systems.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 10Chapter 1
Systems Development Life
Cycle (SDLC) Traditional methodology used to develop,
maintain, and replace information systems.
Phases in SDLC: Planning
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Maintenance
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2008 by Prentice Hall 11Chapter 1
Systems Development Life Cycle
(SDLC) (Cont.) Planningan organizations total
information system needs are identified,
analyzed, prioritized, and arranged. Analysis system requirements are
studied and structured.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 12Chapter 1
Systems Development Life Cycle
(SDLC) (Cont.) Design a description of the
recommended solution is converted into
logical and then physical systemspecifications.
Logical design all functional features ofthe system chosen for development inanalysis are described independently ofany computer platform.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 13Chapter 1
Systems Development Life Cycle
(SDLC) (Cont.) Physical design the logical
specifications of the system from logical
design are transformed into thetechnology-specific details from which all
programming and system construction can
be accomplished.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 14Chapter 1
Systems Development Life Cycle
(SDLC) (Cont.) Implementation the information system
is coded, tested, installed and supported in
the organization. Maintenance an information system is
systematically repaired and improved.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 15Chapter 1
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2008 by Prentice Hall 16Chapter 1
Traditional Waterfall SDLC
One phase begins
when anothercompletes, little
backtracking and
looping
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2008 by Prentice Hall 17Chapter 1
Problems with Waterfall Approach
System requirements locked in after
being determined (can't change).
Limited user involvement (only inrequirements phase).
Too much focus on milestone deadlines of
SDLC phases to the detriment of sounddevelopment practices.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 18Chapter 1
Different Approaches to Improving
Development Prototyping
Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE)
Tools Joint Application Design (JAD)
Rapid Application Development (RAD)
Agile Methodologies eXtreme Programming
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2008 by Prentice Hall 19Chapter 1
Prototyping
Iterative development process:
Requirements quickly converted to a
working system.
System is continually revised.
Close collaboration between users and
analysts.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 20Chapter 1
Prototyping (Cont.)
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2008 by Prentice Hall 21Chapter 1
Computer-Aided Software Engineering
(CASE) Tools
Software tools that provide automated support for someportion of the systems development process.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 22Chapter 1
Computer-Aided Software Engineering
(CASE) Tools (general types)
Diagramming tools enable graphical representation.
Computer displays and report generators helpprototype how systems look and feel.
Analysis tools automatically check for consistencyin diagrams, forms, and reports.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 23Chapter 1
Computer-Aided Software Engineering
(CASE) Tools (general types) Central repository for integrated storage of
diagrams, reports, and project managementspecifications.
Documentation generators standardize technicaland user documentation.
Code generators enable automatic generation ofprograms and database code directly from designdocuments, diagrams, forms, and reports.
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CASE Tools (Cont.)
2008 by Prentice Hall 24Chapter 1
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2008 by Prentice Hall 25Chapter 1
Joint Application Design (JAD)
Structured process involving users,
analysts, and managers.
Several-day intensive workgroup sessions.
Purpose: to specify or review system
requirements.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 26Chapter 1
Rapid Application Development
(RAD)Methodology to radically decrease
design and implementation time.
Involves: extensive user involvement,
prototyping, JAD sessions, integrated
CASE tools, and code generators.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 27Chapter 1
Rapid Application Development
(RAD) (Cont.)
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2008 by Prentice Hall 28Chapter 1
Agile Methodologies
Motivated by recognition of software
development as fluid, unpredictable, and
dynamic. Three key principles
Adaptive rather than predictive.
Emphasize people rather than roles.
Self-adaptive processes.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 29Chapter 1
eXtreme Programming
Short, incremental development cycles.
Automated tests.
Two-person programming teams.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 30Chapter 1
eXtreme Programming (Cont.)
Coding and testing operate together.
Advantages:
Communication between developers.
High level of productivity.
High-quality code.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 31Chapter 1
Object-Oriented Analysis and
Design (OOAD) Based on objects rather than data or
processes.
Combines data and processes (methods)into single entities called objects
Object: a structure encapsulatingattributes and behaviors of a real-worldentity.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 32Chapter 1
Object-Oriented Analysis and
Design (OOAD) (Cont.)Object class: a logical grouping of
objects sharing the same attributes
and behaviors.
Inheritance: hierarchical
arrangement of classes enablesubclasses to inherit properties ofsuperclasses.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 33Chapter 1
Rational Unified Process (RUP)
An object-oriented systems development
methodology.
RUP establishes four phase ofdevelopment: inception, elaboration,
construction, and transition.
Each phase is organized into a number ofseparate iterations.
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2008 by Prentice Hall 34Chapter 1
Phases of OOSAD-based
Development
Figure 1-14 Phases of OOSAD-based development
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2008 by Prentice Hall 35Chapter 1
Summary
In this chapter you learned how to:
Define information systems analysis and
design.
Describe the different types of information
systems.
Describe the information Systems
Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
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2008 by Prentice Hall 36Chapter 1
Summary (Cont.)
Explain Rapid Application Development
(RAD), prototyping, Joint Application
Development (JAD), and Computer Aided
Software Engineering (CASE).Describe agile methodologies and eXtreme
programming.
Explain Object Oriented Analysis and
Design and the Rational Unified Process
(RUP).