22086108uaschemistry.pbworks.com/f/chemistry+hl+paper+2+nov.+2008+tz1.pdfchemistry higher level...

2208-6108 13 pages

M08/4/CHEMI/HP2/ENG/TZ1/XX

Thursday 8 May 2008 (afternoon)

CHEMISTRYHIGHER lEvElPaPER 2

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• Write your session number in the boxes above.• Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.• Section A: answer all of Section A in the spaces provided.• Section B: answer two questions from Section B. Write your answers on answer sheets. Write

your session number on each answer sheet, and attach them to this examination paper and your cover sheet using the tag provided.

• At the end of the examination, indicate the numbers of the questions answered in the candidate box on your cover sheet and indicate the number of sheets used in the appropriate box on your cover sheet.

2 hours 15 minutes

Candidate session number

0 0

© International Baccalaureate Organization 2008

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Section a

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

1. ThevalueofxinFe(NH ) (SO )4 2 4 2.xH O2 canbefoundbydeterminingtheamount,inmoles,ofsulfateinthecompound.A0.982gsamplewasdissolvedinwaterandexcessBaCl (aq)2 wasadded.TheprecipitateofBaSO4wasseparatedanddriedandfoundtoweigh1.17g.

(a) Calculatetheamount,inmolesofBaSO4inthe1.17gprecipitate.

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[2]

(b) Calculate the amount, in moles, of sulfate in the 0.982 g sample ofFe(NH ) (SO )4 2 4 2.xH O2 .

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[1]

(c) Calculatetheamount,inmoles,ofironinthe0.982 gsampleofFe(NH ) (SO )4 2 4 2.xH O2 .

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[1]

(d) Determine the mass of the following present in the 0.982 g sample ofFe(NH ) (SO )4 2 4 2.xH O2 . [3]

(i) Iron

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(ii) Ammonium

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(iii) Sulfate

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(Question 1 continued)

(e) Useyouranswerfrompart(d)todeterminetheamount,inmoles,ofwaterpresentinthe0.982gsampleofFe(NH ) (SO )4 2 4 2.xH O2 .

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[2]

(f) Determinetheamount,inmoles,ofFe(NH ) (SO )4 2 4 2andhencethevalueofx.

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[2]

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2. (a) The mass spectrometer is used to investigate the isotopic composition of elements.Thalliumhastwoisotopes 81

203Tland 81205Tl.

(i) State the symbols of the two singly charged ions that would form in themassspectrometer.

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[1]

(ii) StatewhichionwillfollowthepathmarkedXonthediagram. [1]

detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(iii) Somedoublychargedionsforminthemassspectrometer.Suggestwithareasonwhether they would be deflected less than or more than the ions at XandY.

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[2]

(b) Naturallyoccurringboronconsistsofthetwoisotopes,10 Band11B.Therelativeatomicmassofboronis10.81.Determinethepercentageabundanceoftheseisotopes.

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[2]

X

Y

magnetic field

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3. Lacticacid,CH CH(OH)COOH� ,isaweakmonoproticacid(Ka�moldm= × − −1 40 10 4. .).

(a) Writeanequationforthereactionoflacticacidwithwater.

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[2]

(b) Statetheionizationconstantexpression,Ka,forlacticacid.

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[1]

(c) Calculatethe[ ]H+ ofa0.2�0moldm−�solutionoflacticacid.

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[2]

(d) Calculatethe[ ]H+ ofabuffersolutionof1.00dm�volume,containing0.2�0moldm−�oflacticacidand0.12�moldm−�ofsodiumlactate.

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[2]

(e) Explain why the two values of[ ]H+ in (c) and (d) are different using Le Chatelier’sprinciple.

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[2]

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4. (a) Explainwhatismeantbythetermisomers?

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[1]

(b) Drawtwostructuralisomersforeachofthefollowingwithdifferent functional groups.Ineachcase,describeachemicaltestandtheresultsobtained,whichwoulddistinguishbetweenthetwostructuralisomers.

(i) C H O� 6

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[4]

(ii) C H O� 6 2

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[4]

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5. Two1 00 3. dm containersaandBeachcontain2.00gofthegasindicatedat2� 0. °C.

O2

a B

(a) CalculatethepressureincontainerB.

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[3]

(b) Deducewithout calculationwhetherthepressureinaishigherorlowerthancontainerBandexplainyouranswer.

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[2]

H2

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Section B

Answer two questions. Write your answers on the answer sheets provided. Write your session number on each answer sheet, and attach them to this examination paper and your cover sheet using the tag provided.

6. (a) Thedecompositionofsolidbariumcarbonateisgivenbythefollowingequation:

BaCO (s) BaO (s) CO (g)3 � + 2

Compound BaCO (s)� CO (g)2 BaO(s)

∆H f kJmolÖ / −1 –1219 –�94 –��8

SÖ / JK mol−1−1 +112 +214 +70

(i) Calculatethevalueof∆GÖ inkJmol−1at2�°C. [6]

(ii) Statewithareasonwhetherthereactionisspontaneousat2�°C. [1]

(iii) Determine the minimum temperature above which this reaction is spontaneous.Explainyouranswer. [4]

(b) DrawtheLewisstructuresofthefollowingmolecules.UsetheVSEPRtheorytopredicttheshapeofeachmolecule.

(i) XeF4andXeO4 [4]

(ii) PF�andIF� [4]

(c) Transitionelementsformcomplexessuchas[Fe(Cl) ]4−and[Fe(CN) ]6

4−.

(i) IdentifythefeatureofbothCl−andCN−thatenablesthemtoformthesecomplexesandnamethetypeofbondformed. [2]

(ii) Deducetheoxidationstateofironineachofthecomplexions. [2]

(iii) State two characteristic properties of transition metals other than complexformationandvariableoxidationstate. [2]

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7. (a) Theoxidationofnitrogenmonoxidetakesplaceasfollows:

2NO (g) O (g) 2NO (g)2 2+ →

Thefollowingexperimentaldatawasobtainedataconstanttemperature.

Experiment Initial[NO]/moldm−� Initial[ ]O2 /moldm−� Initialrate/moldm s− −� 1

1 � �0 10 2. × − 1 7� 10 2. × − � 7� 10 �. × −

2 � �0 10 2. × − � �0 10 2. × − 7 �0 10 �. × −

� 7 00 10 2. × − 7 00 10 2. × − 6 00 10 2. × −

(i) DeducetheorderofreactionwithrespecttoO2andwithrespecttoNO. [2]

(ii) Statetherateexpressionforthereaction. [1]

(iii) Calculatethevalueoftherateconstantandstatetheunits. [2]

(iv) Calculate the expected rate of reaction if the reactants from experiment 2 wereplacedinacontaineroftwicetheoriginalvolume.Explainyouranswer. [2]

(v) Suggestapossibletwostepmechanismthatisconsistentwiththerateexpression.Identifytherate-determiningstep. [3]

(b) Thereactionin(a)isfasterat�2�Kthanat298K.ExplaintheincreaseinrateintermsofcollisiontheoryandMaxwell-Boltzmannenergydistributioncurves. [5]


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(c) The following equilibrium is involved in the industrial productionof nitric acid fromammonia.

4 4 910 1NH (g) �O (g) NO(g) 6H O(g) kJmol� 2 2+ + = − − ∆H Ö

Describe the effect, if any, of each of the following changes on the equilibriumconcentrationofnitrogenmonoxideinaparticularequilibriummixture,giveareasonineachcase.

(i) Increasingthepressure,atconstanttemperature [2]

(ii) Increasingthetemperature,atconstantpressure [2]

(iii) Additionofaheterogeneouscatalyst,atconstantpressureandtemperature [2]

(d) Deducetheequilibriumconstantexpression,Kc,includingunitsfortheforwardreactioninpart(c). [2]

(e) Identifywhichofthechangesinpart(c)willaffectthevalueofKcandpredictwhetherthevalueofKcwillincreaseordecrease. [2]

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8. (a) Electrolysisofanaqueoussolutionofcopper(II)sulfate,CuSO4,canbecarriedoutusingplatinumelectrodes.

(i) Stateanequationforthehalf-reactionoccurringatthepositiveelectrode(anode)andoneobservationthatcouldbemadeasaresult. [2]

(ii) Stateanequationforthehalf-reactionoccurringatthenegativeelectrode(cathode)andoneobservationthatcouldbemadeasaresult. [2]

(iii) Describe two changes or observations in the electrolyte as result of thesehalfreactions. [2]

(iv) Determinetherelativeamount,inmoles,ofproductsformedateachelectrode. [1]

(v) Identifyanothercompoundwhichwillformthesameproductsatthepositiveandnegativeelectrodes. [1]

(vi) Thesameprocessiscarriedoutusingcopperelectrodesinsteadoftheplatinumelectrodes. Describe the changes or observations that take place at both theelectrodesandintheelectrolyte. [3]

(b) Identifytwofactorsthataffectthequantityofcopperproducedduringtheelectrolysisofanaqueouscopper(II)sulfatesolution. [1]

(c) Considerthefollowinghalfcellreactionsandtheirstandardelectrodepotentials.

Ni (aq) e Ni(s) V2+ −+ = −2 0 2� EÖ . MnO (aq) 8H (aq) �e Mn (aq) 4H O (l) V2

24 1 �1− + − ++ + + = + EÖ .

(i) State the conditions needed for the electrode potentials to be described asstandard. [1]

(ii) Deduceabalancedequationfortheoverallreactionwhichwilloccurspontaneouslywhenthetwohalfcellsareconnected. [2]

(iii) Identify the reducing agent in the above reaction and determine the change inoxidationnumberfortheoxidizing agent. [2]

(iv) Determinethecellpotentialwhenthetwohalfcellsareconnected. [1]

(v) Drawand label a diagramof thevoltaic cell frompart (c). Indicate the anode,cathode, the direction of the electron movement and ion flow. [5]

(d) Outlinetwodifferencesbetweenanelectrolyticcellandavoltaiccell. [2]

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9. (a) Ahydrocarboncontains8�.6%bymassofcarbonandhasamolarmassof�6.1gmol−1.

(i) Determinetheempiricalandmolecularformulasofthehydrocarbon. [3]

(ii) Drawthestructureoftheunsaturatedbranchedisomerandpredicttheratioofthepeakareasinits1HNMRspectrum. [2]

(iii) Thesecondstructuralisomerofthehydrocarbonisunsaturatedandsymmetrical.Drawitsstructureandstateitsname. [2]

(iv) Draw the structure of the third structural isomer of this hydrocarbon which isunsaturated, unbranched and unsymmetrical. This isomer is formed when analcohol is heatedwith concentrated sulfuric acid. Identify the typeof reactionoccurringanddeducethestructureofanalcoholthatformsthisisomer. [3]

(b) The hydrolysis of 2-bromo-2-methylbutane by 0.10 mol dm−� potassium hydroxidesolutiontoform2-methylbutan-2-olisanexampleofanS 1N reaction.

(i) ExplainhowthisS 1N reactionoccurs,usingcurlyarrowstorepresentthemovementofelectronpairs,andshowingthestructureoftheorganicintermediate. [4]

(ii) Identifytheratedeterminingstepandstateareasonforyourchoice. [1]

(c) State and explain whether the rate of each of the following reactions is greater than,lessthanorequaltotherateofthereactioninpart(b).

(i) 2-chloro-2-methylbutane is reacted with 0.10 mol dm−� KOH (aq) at thesametemperature. [1]

(ii) 2-bromo-2-methylbutane is reacted with 0.20 mol dm−� KOH (aq) at the sametemperature. [1]


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(d) (i) Discuss the structure of benzene including the hybridization and bondanglespresent. [4]

(ii) State, with a reason, the number of main peaks in the 1HNMR spectrum ofbenzene. [2]

(e) (i) Cyclohexenereactswithhydrogentoformcyclohexane.

Calculate the enthalpy change of hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexane,assumingithasthecyclohexatriene structure.

[1]

(ii) The experimental value for the hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexane is–207kJmol−1.Explainwhythisvaluediffersfromthevaluecalculatedin(e)(i). [1]

→H2+ ∆H Ö = −–120 1 kJ mol

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22086108uaschemistry.pbworks.com/f/chemistry+hl+paper+2+nov.+2008+tz1.pdfchemistry higher level...

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