HIV and AIDS

Derrick Willard

Providence Day School

Objectives Define HIV and AIDS Understand Infection Learn History Learn Statistics Learn Treatments

Definitions HIV=Human Immunodeficiency

Virus AIDS=Acquired Immune Deficiency

Syndrome

Other Facts

A person can be infected with HIV and not have AIDS

99% of those infected with HIV will eventually develop AIDS

HIV does not kill, secondary infections usually kill

Most people with HIV do not have AIDS

Infection (cellular) HIV invades human T-lymphocyte

cells (special white blood cells) These “Helper T-cells” usually

bind to infected cells and release enzymes which destroy the cell and viruses inside

Lysogenic (latent or dormant) type virus so symptoms of AIDS may not appear for many years

Retrovirus

Infection (body) Sexual Intercourse (vaginal, anal,

or oral) Blood to blood contact (needle

sharing or transfusion) Mother to child during/after

pregnancy NOT BY SWEAT, TEARS, URINE,

OR SALIVA (OR INSECTS)!

History Recent genetic research suggests HIV

jumped species from chimpanzees to humans around 1926

Some researchers say first known case in African man in 1959

Gay men in US, Sweden, Africa, and Haiti show signs of AIDS in 1978

Death rate explodes in 1980s

Statistics (US)-Cumulative Dead

1980: 31dead of AIDS 1981: 422 cases, 159 dead 1982: 1,614 cases, 619 dead 1985: 22,996 cases, 12,592 dead 1990: 198,466 cases, 121,255 dead 1995: 534,806 cases, 332,249 dead 1998: 665,357 cases, 401,028 dead 2006: 531,000 dead

US Trends

Statistics(Global)

1997: Approximate number of HIV positive people is 22 million

1997: Approximate death count due to AIDS is 6.4 million

Miller texts states between 1981 and 2006 that 37 million died of AIDS-related diseases?

Global TrendsSub-Saharan Africa 1985-2004

*Typical graph for Africa and Asia

2008 Global Figures

Treatments No known vaccine or cure HIV mutates glycoproteins too fast to

make an effective vaccine 3 Drug “cocktail” currently in use can

lower amount of HIV in blood and prolong life

Best strategy is prevention Abstinence Avoid blood to blood contact Safe sex

Sources

AEGIS (AIDS Education Global Information System). On the web at: www.aegis.com

www.unaids.org DiSpezio, Michael. The Science of

HIV. National Science Teachers Association. Arlington, VA. 1997.

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