HIV/Hepatitis BPuyallup School District

YEAH, YEAH,WE’VE HEARD IT

A HUNDRED TIMES!WE KNOW ALLABOUT AIDS!

BUTWE ALSO

KNOWSOMETHING

ELSE...

WE’REGONNA

LIVEFOREVER!

Reported Cases of AIDS in the United States

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

800000

900000

81 83 85 87 89 91 94 96 98 00

Reported Cases of AIDS in Washington State

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

<82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00

AIDS: The Global Epidemic

0 5,000,000 1 0,000,000 1 5,000,000 20,000,000 25,000,000

Sub-Saharan Africa

North America

Latin America/Caribbean

Western Europe

South/Southeast Asia

North Africa/Middle East

Australia/Oceania

Eastern Europe/Central Asia

East Asia & Pacific

The World Health Organization says more than 40 million people have been infected with the AIDS virus since 1981. Lowest estimate by region:

26 MILLION

1,000,000

1.8 MILLION

540,000

5.8 MILLION

400,000

15,000

700,000

640,000

STAGES OF HIV INFECTIONH

IV P

osit

ive

{Symptomatic HIV Positive

Serious, debilitating symptomsleading to death

Asymptomatic HIV-Positive

Infected with the virus buthave no symptoms (and often not aware they areHIV positive)

AIDS

STAGES OF HIV INFECTIONSTAGE 1 STAGE 2 Acute infection and

seroconversion 3 weeks to 3 months

after exposure to HIV

STAGE 3

Pulmonary TB Invasive Cervical Cancer Neurological disease Secondary Infectious Diseases Secondary Cancer CD4T Cell Count less than 200 Time After Exposure Unknown

Asymptomatic infection

2 to 12 years after exposure to HIV

How HIV Destroys The Immune SystemStep 1: HIV

“Attacks”

Step 2:HIV Attached to Helper T-Cell

Genetic Material

Genetic MaterialStep 3: HIV invades (Enters)Helper T-Cell

Step 4:HIV Multiplies

Step 5: HIV Breaks Away

“HIV TRANSMITTED IN BODY FLUIDS”

How is the Virus Transmitted?

by exchanging

with a person

who is infected with HIV

Blood Semen Vaginal Secretions

HEPATITISViral infection of the liver causes intestinal “flu-like” symptoms and jaundice (in adults).

Hepatitis is caused by more than one type of virus but the most common types are Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B.

The Five Forms of Viral Hepatitis

Hepatitis A (HAV) Hepatitis B (HBV) Hepatitis C (HCV;Non-A, Non-B) Hepatitis D (HDV;Delta hepatitis) Hepatitis E (HEV;Non-A, Non-B)

Hepatitis BHEPATITIS B VIRUS- SYMPTOMS- damages the liver blood borne infection

TRANSMISSION- sexual contact blood exposure to

open wounds blood exposure to

mucous membranesPROGRESSION- acute hepatitis - 25% carriers - 6-10% of acutely infected adults, 90% of newborns infected with HBV may develop chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, liver cancer, and 25% are infectious to others

Mild to severe to fatal

Loss of appetite, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and jaundice

How HEPATITIS A Differs From HEPATITIS BMODE OF TRANSMISSION

BLOOD

FECES

SALIVA

FOOD/WATER

COURSE OF DISEASELENGTH OF ILLNESS

COMPLICATIONS

CARRIER STATE

SYMPTOMSINTESTINAL FLU-LIKE ILLNESS

LIVER DAMAGE

JAUNDICE

HEPATITIS A HEPATITIS BVERY RARE YES

YES NO

NO RARELY

YES NO

1-2 WEEKS OR MONTHS TO

RARELY, YEARS

SEVERAL MONTHS

RARE CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE &

CANCER CAN BE FATAL

NO YES

YES YES

NO YES

YES, ADULTS YES

How are HIV and HBV Similar? Different?

MODE OF TRANSMISSIONBLOOD

SEMEN

VAGINAL FLUIDS

SALIVA

TARGET IN THE BODY

RISK OF INFECTION

AFTER NEEDLESTICKEXPOSURE TO INFECTED BLOOD

HIGH NUMBER OF VIRUSES IN BLOOD

VACCINE AVAILABLE

HBV HIVYES YES

YES YES

YES YES

MAYBE NO

LIVER IMMUNE SYSTEM

6-30% 0.5%

YES NO

YES NO

Hepatitis B - Prevention Vaccine - Recommended for persons at

risk of exposure Immune Globulin - Following exposure,

temporary protection Proper Use of Condoms, Lubricant and

Spermicide (Not 100% Safe) Don’t use Drugs or Share Needles Ever Universal Precautions

“UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS”

The term “universal precautions” refers to a method of infection control in which all human blood and other potentially infectious materials are treated as if known to be infectious for HIV and HBV. Universal precautions do not apply to feces, nasal secretions, sputum, sweat, tears, urine, or vomitus unless they contain visible blood.

Requirements for Confidentiality Regarding HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis B

Students and Employees cannot be required to: be tested

reveal their HIV/HBV status

Sharing of information about a person’s HIV/HBV status may occur only following written permission.

Strictly Confidential

DisclosureAn employee who knows of another person’s HIV/HBV status may NOT share that information with anyone without the permission of that person or the parent of a person under 14 years of age.

Violation of confidentiality by District employees is a misdemeanor and may place a person at risk of civil suit if such breach of confidentiality results in harm to the person who is HIV or HBV positive.

DiscriminationEMPLOYEES

Employers may not discriminate against an HIV/HBV

infected person in: employment leave job assignment recruitment hiring fringe benefits transfers layoffs rate of pay terminations

STUDENTS

Students with HIV/HVB infection may not be discriminated against in:

placement evaluation activities access to school equipment course of study