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Improving the Effectiveness of Canister Based PAMS and Air Toxics
Continuous Monitoring Systems
D.B. Cardin, V. Shetty, K.L. Langford
Entech Instruments, Inc.
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Objectives
• Identify Strengths and Weaknesses of Canister Based Continuous Monitoring Systems
• Describe a new Faster, Easier, and more Efficient Approach using Canisters
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Canister Sampling Advantages Over AutoGCs
• Allows Centralized Location for Analysis / Analyst
– More Efficient use of Analyst’s Time
– Better Availability of Supplies
– More Sophisticated Equipment (GCMS instead of GC)
• No Inter-Instrument Bias - 3 Sites analyzed by 1 System
• Fewer Analytical Systems to Maintain and Calibrate
• Potential for Multiple Analyses
• Less Data Loss
– Analyst Responds faster to Problems.
– Sampler Continues Collecting Samples if GC System is Down
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Centralized Lab
Analyzers
1 2
CS6
CS5
CS4
CS1
CS2
CS3
Six Sites Monitored with Just 2 Analyzers
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Canister Sampling Disadvantages Over AutoGCs
• No Samplers with Over 16 Positions
• Too Much Time Needed to Attach Canisters to Sampler, Cleaner, Laboratory Analyzer
• Canisters Are Large and Expensive
– Requires 56 Canisters per week per site to monitor continuously every 3 hours
• No Room at Monitoring Sites to Accommodate Large Numbers of 6L Canisters
• Canisters must be Cleaned
– Limited to 8 6L Canisters at a Time on Most Cleaning Systems
– 1 in 8 Canisters (12.5%) must be Reanalyzed After Cleaning
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• No Samplers with Over 16 Positions
• Too Much Time Needed to Attach Canisters to Sampler, Cleaner, Laboratory Analyzer
• Canisters Are Large and Expensive
– Requires 56 Canisters per week per site to monitor continuously every 3 hours
• No Room at Monitoring Sites to Accommodate Large Numbers of 6L Canisters
• Canisters must be Cleaned
– Limited to 8 6L Canisters at a Time on Most Cleaning Systems
– 1 in 8 Canisters (12.5%) must be Reanalyzed After Cleaning
Canister Sampling Disadvantages Over AutoGCs
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1320 32-Position Field Sampler and 1L MiniCansBridging The Gap Between Tubes and Canisters
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Quick Connect Fittings Speed Up Canister Connection
• Only 15 Minutes to Replace Canisters During Site Visits
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Inlet
0-15 psia AbsolutePressure Sensor
Isolatch Valve(Pos 17-32)
Isolatch Valve (Pos 1-16)
Cans 1-16 Cans 17-32
0-50 sccm MFC
1320 Sampling into 32 Canisters
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Advantages of Non-Pressurized Sampling
• No Pumps to Add Contamination to Canisters
• No Pumps to Wear Out - Reduced Maintenance
• No Condensation of Water
– No Chance for Fouling up Inlet MFC
– No Analyte Loss in Condensed Water
– Less Opportunity for Analyte Carryover
– Less Contaminant Formation
– Canisters Remain Clean Longer
• Sample Remains Homogeneous
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PC Controlled Software
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Example 4 Site Servicing Schedule for 3 Hour Continuous Monitoring
Site Day Time # Cans #Cases
1 Tues 9 AM 24 3
2 Tues 11 AM 24 3
3 Tues 1 PM 24 3
4 Tues 3 PM 24 3
1 Fri 11 AM 32 4
2 Fri 1 PM 32 4
3 Fri 3 PM 32 4
4 Fri 4:30 PM 32 4
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• No Samplers with Over 16 Positions
• Too Much Time Needed to Attach Canisters to Sampler, Cleaner, Laboratory Analyzer
• Canisters Are Large and Expensive
– Requires 56 Canisters per week per site to monitor continuously every 3 hours
• No Room at Monitoring Sites to Accommodate Large Numbers of 6L Canisters
• Canisters must be Cleaned
– Limited to 8 6L Canisters at a Time on Most Cleaning Systems
– 1 in 8 Canisters (12.5%) must be Reanalyzed After Cleaning
Canister Sampling Disadvantages Over AutoGCs
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18 6L Canisters vs 18 1L MiniCans in Carrying Cases
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9 1L MiniCans in Carrying Cases
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32 MiniCans Consume Less SpaceIn Monitoring Stations
• Rack Mountable, Keeping Canisters out of the Way
• Requires Much Less Space than AutoGC Systems
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Are 1 Liter Canisters Large Enough?
Instrument: 7100 Preconcentrator
Application Detector Sample Vol. LOD
PAMS FID 400cc 0.1 PPB(c)
PAMS 5973 MS 400cc 0.05 PPB(v)
Air Toxics 5973 MS 400cc 0.05 PPB(v)
Air Toxics (SIMS) 5973 MS 400cc 0.005 PPB(v)
Limited to Single Analysis - OK for Continuous Monitoring
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• No Samplers with Over 16 Positions
• Too Much Time Needed to Attach Canisters to Sampler, Cleaner, Laboratory Analyzer
• Canisters Are Large and Expensive
– Requires 56 Canisters per week per site to monitor continuously every 3 hours
• No Room at Monitoring Sites to Accommodate Large Numbers of 6L Canisters
• Canisters must be Cleaned
– Limited to 8 6L Canisters at a Time on Most Cleaning Systems
– 1 in 8 Canisters (12.5%) must be Reanalyzed After Cleaning
Canister Sampling Disadvantages Over AutoGCs
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Clean 21 (or 42) Canisters Simultaneously
• 3 Batches a day equals 63 Canisters
• Supports 7 sites with single 21 position manifold
• Supports 14 sites with two 21 position manifolds
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Heat Canisters up to 150 C During Cleaning
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Analyzing 1L MiniCans
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MiniCan Filling with 5 Component Sulfur Standard.
• Blended Sulfur Standard being Introduced into a MiniCan Through a Front Quick Connect Fitting
• Used for Sulfur Stability Study
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MiniCan Vacuum Samplers Allow Direct Collection of Ingredient and Process Headspace
• Collection of Remote Headspace Samples Improves Monitoring Efficiency.
• MiniCan Samplers are SiloniteTM Coated to reduce surface losses.
• Monitor Process Streams, Holding Tanks, Rail Cars, Reactors, etc.
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1 Week TO14 Stability Test
1 Liter MiniCanConcentration: 10 PPBVolume: 400ccInstrument: 7100/5973 GCMSColumn: HP1, 60m, 0.32ID, 1umColumn Start Temp: 35 deg. C
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TO14 Chromatogram, Front End
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PAMS C2-C10 GC/FID Analysis - Light Ends
GC: 5890Column: 60m, 0.32mmID, 1um, DB1Preconc: MP&T, 400cc, 30ppbc StdGC Start Temp: -50 for 4 minutes
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counts
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
FID1 A, (99121403.D)
n -C 7n -C 6
n -C 8n -C 9
n -C 1 0
n -C 11
n -C 1 2C 6 -C 1 2 N o rm a l A lk an es7032-L/5890 GC/FID15m DB1, 0.53mm ID, 1um500 PPB1 Week Holding Time
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H2S (3 PPB)
COSMESH
DMS
CS2
1 PPB Sulfur Standard
MC400 MiniCan5 Day Holding Time7100/5973 GCMS
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Conclusion
• Continuous Monitoring with 1 Liter MiniCans retains the advantages of canister based methods while eliminating most of the disadvantages
• Transportation to and from sampling sites can be done in virtually any sized vehicle
• Keeps the analyst in the lab, rather than on the road
• May eliminate the Need for separate carbonyl samplers, which currently require site visits every few days regardless of whether canisters or an AutoGC is being used.