history vocabulary. primary sources historical evidence that comes directly from the period being...
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History Vocabulary
Primary Sources
Historical evidence that comes directly from the period being studied Arrowhead from the Palaeolithic period The story of Gilgamesh and Enkidu My picture from high school
Secondary Sources
Evidence that is produced “after the fact”
Is an interpretation of primary evidence A biography on Trudeau A reproduction of a sword A lecture about Socrates
Artifact Artifacts are human-made objects from
the time being studied They are also a kind of primary source
Pottery shard from Troy Jewellery from the Titanic My leather tie from the 80s
Document Documents are primary source
writings from the period being studied
Words are considered “alive”; therefore, even a translation or copy of the original words is still considered to be a primary source An autobiography Your birth certificate This note that you are taking
Chronology Anything that is in order of time
Your planner A collection of yearbooks A timeline
What year is it?
Different cultures have different starting points for their chronologies.
Ancient Greeks – 1st Olympics
Romans – Birth of Rome’s founders
This year could be: Muslims: 1434 Christians:
2013 Chinese: 4650 Jews: 5773
Terms For consistency a single system has
been adopted worldwide. Old term BC (Before Christ) is
replaced with BCE (Before Common Era)
Old term AD (Anno Domini) is replaced with CE (Common Era)
Use either set of terms, but do so consistently
Anachronism Something that is in the
wrong time Machine gun in a gladiator
movie A crane building the
pyramids A maple leaf Canadian flag
in WWII
Fact A statement of verified information
which can be shown to be true Even facts can be misleading – context,
interpretation and completeness all contribute to the real veracity of the fact in question
Opinion A personal belief or preference that is
not necessarily founded on evidence Not all opinions are equal (see
Judgement)
Judgement (reasoned judgement)
Often mistaken for opinion This can be called an opinion or
viewpoint but is supported with evidence
Bias A view that prevents objective consideration of an
issue or situation Also relates to perspective We are all biased Always look for this!
Unbias?
Types of Evidence
Statistical evidence: has been compiled and studied from a larger body of data.
(Non-smokers will live 10-15 years longer than smokers, statscan 2011)
Types of Evidence
Anecdotal evidence: is a case study, or true story which helps illuminate the issue and should only be used when it supports the statistical evidence.
My grandma smoked a pack a day and lived to be 100. –some kid in my class
The slide you were waiting for Technology – invention and innovation Social – the lives of ordinary people Political – government, leaders and movements Economic – trade, commerce, money, jobs Religious – in/formal spiritual beliefs and practices Military – defense, conquest – methods and events