Mrunalhttp://mrunal.org[GS1]FreedomStruggleIndianHistory:Answerkey&AnalysisofMains2013QuestionsDalhousie,Women,Foreigners&Studyplan,BooklistforUPSCMains2014PostedByOn06/01/2014@10:30pmInHistory|68Comments1. Prologue1. Q.DalhousiethefounderofModernIndia2. Q.MaulanaAzad3. Q.ForeignersinFreedomstruggle4. Q.WomeninFreedomStruggle2. DifficultylevelandBackbreakingTM3. EvenlySpreadQuestions4. TheNatureofHistoryquestions5. Studyplan/Approach/StrategyforMains2014(GSHistory)PrologueInthelastarticlewesawtheIndianCulturerelatedquestionsinGSMainspaper1theiranswers,analysisandfuturestrategyforMains2014.clickmeNowletsmovetonextsection:Thefreedomstruggle/Indianhistory.Followingquestionscamefor10marksand200wordseach(InMains2013):1. Defyingthebarriersofage,genderandreligion,theIndianwomenbecamethetorchbearerduringthestruggleforfreedominIndia.Discuss.2. SeveralforeignersmadeIndiatheirhomelandandparticipatedinvariousmovements.AnalyzetheirroleintheIndianstruggleforfreedom.3. Inmanyways,LordDalhousiewasthefounderofmodernIndia.Elaborate.4. DiscussthecontributionofMaulanaAbulKalamAzadtopreandpostindependentIndia.Anyanalysis/observation/commentaryisshallowwithoutsolvingthequestionssoletsdothatfirst:Sources/BooksusedTypr Book DALHOUSIE FOREIGNERWOMENM.AZADSchoolTextbooksNewNCERT No No No NooldNCERT(10,12) Yes No No NoTNStateBoardClass12Yes,VerbatimNo No NoCompetitiveTMHGeneralStudiesManual No No No NoSpectrumFreedomFighters No Yes Yes YesSpectrumBriefhistoryModernIndia Yes No Yes NoKrishnaReddy:IndianHistory Yes No Yes YesAcademicBipinChandra,IndiasstruggleforindependenceNo No Yes NoSumitSarkar:ModernIndia No No Yes NoYesmeansatleast60%contentavailabletowritetheanswer.Yesdoesntautomaticallymean100%contentavailable.Nomeansanyofthethreethings:A. BookhasinsufficientContenttowritedecent200words.YouvetorephraseandrewritethesamesentenceoverandoverdraggingthepointswithfloweryEnglishlikeachewinggumtoreach200wordslimit.B. Answerdidnotexistatall.C. Ididnotcheckthebookcarefully.Q.DalhousiethefounderofModernIndiaQ.Inmanyways,LordDalhousiewasthefounderofmodernIndia.Elaborate.(10m|200words)Canbesolvedusinganyoneofthese:1. (TNT)TamilnaduTextbookHistoryClass12,Chapter6.2. Spectrum:AbriefhistoryofModernIndia,RajivAhir.InthelastpartofthebookunderReadyreferencedatasection.3. KrishnaReddy:IndianHistory.Chapter15BritishExpansion.4. OldNCERTClass12(BipinChandra,HistoryofModernIndia)chapteronThestructureofgovernmentandeconomicpolicies.Firstletscollectthepoints,thenwecompress:TransformedthemapofIndiaAnnexed Punjab,LowerBurma,CentralProvincesandOudh.AppliedDoctrineofLapse Satara,JhansiandNagpurDalhousiediditforfollowingreasons:Strategic:Imperialdefense,endingthemisruleofPrincestowingoodwillofpeople.Commercial:sourceofrawmaterial,newmarketmanufacturedgoodsAnyhow,DalhousieincreasedtheextentofBritishIndia.HisterritorialacquisitiontransformedthemapofIndia.HadhenotacquiredtheseterritoriesthenmanymoreHyderabad,JamnagarandKashmirlikecrisiswouldhavehappenedinthoseareas,immediatelyafterfreedom.Administrativereforms@DistrictandStatelevelDalhousiewaslayingdowntheseedsofdistrictadministration/IASunderhisNonregulationsystem.Observe:AfterannexingPunjab,Dalhousiedidfollowing1. OrganizedPunjabprovinceintosmalldistricts.2. EachdistrictundercontrolofanAdministrativeofficercalledDeputyCommissioner.3. CombinedRevenueandJudicialdepartments.4. Thelawsandprocedureweresimplifiedinaccordancewiththecustomofthepeople.5. TheoveralladministrationofPunjabinthehandsofaChiefCommissioner.Thus,Dalhousiehadstartedmoldingtheprovincesintoamoderncentralizedstates.RailwaysDalhousieintroducedrailwaysinIndia,withthreefoldobjectives:1. CommercialexploitationofrawmaterialfrominteriorpartsofIndia2. Administrativemaintainingconnectivitywithallregions.3. Defenseforquicklytransportingtroopsfromonelocationtoanother,duringrebellions.1853 Bombaytothane1854 CalcuttatotheRaniganjcoalfields1856 MadrastoArakkonamCommunicationDalhousie=fatherofPost+telegraphbecause:Telegraph1853:FirsttelegraphlinefromCalcuttatoAgra.Overall,Dalhousielaidmorethan4000mileslongtelegraphlineconnectingPeshawar,Bombay,Madras,CalcuttaandmanyotherpartsofIndia.PostalFoundedmodernpostalsysteminIndia.Introducedpostalstampsforthefirsttime.Reducedthepostalrates.UniformpostalchargethroughoutIndia(halfanna),irrespectiveofthedistancebetweentwoplaces.Education1854:CharlesWoodspreparedadispatchoneducationalsysteminIndia.Herecommendedfollowing1. governmentshouldassumeresponsibilityofspreadingeducationtomasses2. hierarchyofeducationalinstitutesa. Primaryschools@Villages(Vernacularmedium)b. Highschoolsandanaffiliatedcollege@district(Englishmedium)c. Universities@presidencytownsofCalcutta,BombayandMadras.(Englishmedium)3. Stressonfemaleeducation,vocationaleducationandteacherstraining.4. Educationshouldbesecularinnature.5. Grantinaidstoprivateeducationalinstitutions.DalhousiefullyacceptedtheviewsofCharlesWoodandtookstepstocarryoutthenewscheme.PublicWorksDepartmentBeforeDalhousie,thejobofthePublicWorksDepartmentwasdonebytheMilitaryBoard.ButDalhousiecreatedaseparatePublicWorksDepartmentandallottedmorefundsforcuttingcanalsandroadsandthus,laidfoundationoftheEngineeringserviceinIndia.CompletedUpperGangesCanal.Constructedmanybridges.Others1. PassedtheWidowremarriageact(1856)2. DalhousieshiftedtheheadquartersofBengalArtilleryfromCalcuttatoMeerut.3. Simlawasmadethepermanentheadquartersofthearmy.butthisis~500words.HavetocompressAnswerKeypointsQ.Inmanyways,LordDalhousiewasthefounderofmodernIndia.Elaborate.(10m|200words)Duringhisterm,DalhousieincreasedtheextentofBritishIndiatoPunjab,Oudh,Satara,JhansiandotherpartsofIndia.HisterritorialacquisitiontransformedthemapofIndia.Hewasnotonlyaconquerorbutalsoagreatadministrator.1. Hestartedmoldingthemedievalprovincesintomoderncentralizedstateswithhisnonregulationsystem.PunjabwasdividedintosmallerdistrictsupervisedbyDeputyCommissioners,whowereinturnsupervisedbyaChiefCommissioner.2. IntroducedrailwaysinIndiaforcommercial,strategicandAdministrativepurpose.3. Introducedpostalstamps,uniformchargesandmodernPostalSystem.4. Laidmorethan4000milesoftelegraphline.5. CreatedseparatePublicWorksdepartment,allottedmorefundsforroadscanalconstruction.6. ImplementedWoodsDispatch,assumedtheresponsibilityofeducatingthemasses,createdhierarchyofeducationalinstitutesfromprimaryschoolsatvillages,highschoolsandcollagesatdistrictlevelanduniversitiesinpresidencytowns.TheModernIndiastandsonthepillarsofstatedistrictadministration,RailPostTelecominfrastructureandthreetiereducationsystem.Dalhousiedirectlyinvolvedinallofthem,henceaptlycalledthefounderofModernIndia.~180words.Q.MaulanaAzadQ.DiscussthecontributionofMaulanaAbulKalamAzadtopreandpostindependentIndia.(10m|200words)Canbeeasilyassembledfromanyofthefollowingsources:Spectrumsfreedomfighterbook:Page251252PIBnewsreleaseinNovember2013forhis125thAnniversary.Letsdirectlyframetheanswer:Duringfreedomstruggle:RanAlHilalandAlBalaghweeklies.HeadofKhilafatCommitteeSupportedGandhiduringNoncooperationmovementpresidedovercongresssessionsArrestedduringQuitIndiamovement.NegotiatedwithBritishCabinetmissionforIndiasindependence.OpposedtwonationtheoryofJinnah.AdvocatedHinduMuslimunity.WroteabookIndiaWinsfreedom,togivefirsthandaccountoftheevents.Postindependence:MemberofConstitutionassemblyFirstUnionministerofeducation,laterheldportfoliosofNaturalresourcesandscientificresearch.PivotalroleinfoundationofIIT,UGC,AICTE,CSIR,SahityaAcademy,LalitKalaAcademy,SangeetNatakAcademyandmanyothereducationalandscientificresearchlaboratoriesinIndia.Forhisservicetothenation,hewasposthumouslyawardedcountryshighestcivilianaward,theBharatRatna.~130words,butwhenyouelaboratethestatementsandexpandtheabbreviations,itautomaticallycoverstheremaininggapof70words.Q.ForeignersinFreedomstruggleQ.SeveralforeignersmadeIndiatheirhomelandandparticipatedinvariousmovements.AnalyzetheirroleintheIndianstruggleforfreedom.(10m|200words)Inmostofthebooks,thisanswerisnotavailabledirectly.(ExceptAnnieBesantpart)TheQuickestreferencesourceIcanthinkof,isSpectrumsfreedomfighterbook.(GandhiNehruTagoreandothereminentpersonalitiesofModernIndia.)firstletsgatherthepoints:AOHumeDebatablebecausehedidnotmakeIndiahishomeland.HehadleftIndiain1894anddiedinLondon(1912).DavidHareDoesntcountbecauseheisrelatedtointroductionofwesterneducation,rationalismandliberalthinking.Besideshediedin1842,beforethemutinyof1857.HenryVivianDerozioDoesntcount,becausehesnotforeigner.HewasanAngloIndianborninCalcutta.WilliamJonesDoesntcountbecausehediedin1746,waybeforeeventhefirststruggleofindependence(1857).BesideshismaininterestwastranslationofSanskritscripts.Anyways,letschecktheforeignerswhocontributedinFreedomstruggle:AnnieBesantIrishwoman,cametoIndiaasapartofTheosophicalsociety.CentralHinduSchool@Benaras,laterbecameBenarasHinduuniversitySuratSplithadweakenedtheCongress,Gandhiwasyettocome.DuringthistimeBesantspoliticalentryprovidedthemuchneededmomentumtofreedomstruggle.DemandedselfruleforIndia,withoutwaitingfortheendofWW1.SetupaHomeruleleaguein1915.SpreadherideasthroughNewIndiaandCommonwealMovedthecongressresolutionagainstJaliawallamassacre.AlsoservedasPresidentofCongresssessionSheandGandhihaddifferenceofopiniononMontaguechelmsfordreforms,Noncooperationmovementandboycottofforeigngoods.Inthelast10yearsofherlife,Ms.Beasantquitactivepoliticsandfreedomstrugglealtogether.CharlesFreerDinbandhuAndrewsEnglishmissionaryphilanthropist.ExtendedhiswholeheartedsupporttothefreedomstruggleandcriticizedtheBritishfortheirunjustandracialpolicies.TookpartinpoliticalandsocialmovementslaunchedbyIndianleaders.championedtherightsoflabourers,railwayworkersandcottonweaversactivelyworkedwithBRAmbedkarforHarijandemands,campaignedagainstuntouchabilityGandhigavethetitleofDinbandhuforhiscompassionforpoor.AdvocatedtherightsofIndiansettlerinSouthAfrica,EastAfrica,WestIndies,FijiandtheEnglishcoloniesinotherpartsoftheworld.usedhisinfluenceinEnglandtoarousepublicopinionagainstcolonialexploitation.EvennegotiatedwiththegovernmentinEnglandforGandhisreleasefromprison.Miraben(MadeleinSlade)FromaristocraticEnglishfamily.InfluencedbyGandhianphilosophy,joinedSabarmatiAshram,tookpartinGandhissociopoliticalcampaigns.touredthroughoutIndiatopromoteKhadiandSatyagrahaWrotemanyarticlesinYoungIndia,Harijan,TheStateman,TimesofIndiaandHindustanTimes.MajorroleinsettingupSevagramnearWardha.AccompaniedGandhitoRoundtableconferenceinLondon.DuringWW2,askedOrissapeopletoopposeJapaneseinvasionnonviolently.PlacedunderdetentionduringQuitIndiamovement.SatyanandStokesNotgiveninanybooksbutTheHinduranastoryonhim(August2013).SamuelEvansStokesJr.wasscionofaWealthyAmericanfamily.CametoIndiatoworkinaleaperhomeinHimachal.foughtrelentlesslyagainstlabourexploitationintheShimlahillsOnlyAmericantoattendCongresssessioninNagpur(1920)OnlyforeignertosignCongressmanifestoin1921thatcalleduponIndianstogiveupgovernmentserviceandjointhefreedommovement.ArrestedonchargesofSedition,jailedforsixmonths.Diedin46inShimla.SaralaBenOriginallyKatherineMaryHeilaman,discipleofGandhi.Socialworker,setupashraminUttarakhand,helpedthefamiliesofpoliticalprisoners.MargaretElizabethNoble(SisterNivedita)FromIreland.JoinedSwamiVivekanandasRamakrishnaMission.CriticizedtheracialpoliciesoftheBritish,helpedduringBengalfamineandplagueepidemics,workedforupliftmentofWomen.MiraAlphonse(Mother)Frenchwoman,associatedofShriAurobindo,roleinsettingupAurovilletownnearPondicherry.MotivatedAnnieBeasant,NaliniSenguptaandmanyotherwomentofightforIndia.NaliniSenguptaBorninCambridgetoFredrickandEdithGrey.CametoIndiaaftermarryingJatindraMohanSengupta.Activelyparticipatedinboycottandnoncooperationmovements,arrestedseveraltimes.PresidentofIndianNationalCongressnotableachievementforawomanfromBritain.ElectedunopposedtoBengallegislativeassembly.VerrierElwinBritishbybirth,cametoIndiain27.associatedwithSevaSanghofPuna.OnGandhisadvice,workedfortribalupliftment,setupGondSevaMandal.Morenamescanbedugthroughgoogle,butinareallifescenario,anaspirantcannotaffordtodoPh.Doneverytopic.Soletsjustassembletheanswerfromtheinformationavailablesofar.~650words.HavetocompressAnswerkeypointsQ.SeveralforeignersmadeIndiatheirhomelandandparticipatedinvariousmovements.AnalyzetheirroleintheIndianstruggleforfreedom.(10m|200words)[Sidenote:sincethisisananalysequestion,multipleanswersandinterpretationspossible.]WhilemanyAmericansandEuropeansempathizedwithIndiasstruggleforIndependence,fewofthemcametoIndiaandactivelyparticipated.Notableare:AnnieBeasant,KatherineHeilaman(Saralaben),MiraAlphonse(Mother),MadelinSlade(Miraben),NaliniSenguptaCF,DinbandhuAndrews,SatyanandStokesandVerrierAlvin.Overalltheirrolecanbesummarizedasfollowing:MostofthemcametoIndiawithprimaryaimofsocialservice.ButtheirheartsweremovedbythebrutalexploitationoftheBritishraj,hencejoinedIndiasstruggleforIndependence.Noneadvocatedrevolutionaryterrorismorviolentmethods.AlmostallassociatedwithCongress.AnnieBeasantandNaliniSenguptaevenpresidedovertheCongresssessionsdespitetheirforeignnationality.Mostofthemnotimprisonedforlongtime,becausetheywerewhite.focusedondifferentareas:Religion:SisterNivedita,MotherMiraAlphonseEducationandculture:BeasantSocialwork:NaliniSengupta,Miraben,SarlabenLaborrights:Dinbandhu,SatyanandaStokeTribalrights:V.AlvinSomecloselyassociatedwithGandhiMiraben,SarlabenandDinbandhu.SomeinfluencedbyGandhiV.Alvin,N.Sengupta,SatyanandStokes.SomeevenhaddifferenceswithGandhiAnnieBesant.ButallofthemfoughtagainstthetyrannyofBritishImperialismandhelpedIndiaattainherindependence.~200words.Q.WomeninFreedomStruggleQ.Defyingthebarriersofage,genderandreligion,theIndianwomenbecamethetorchbearerduringthestruggleforfreedominIndia.Discuss.(10marks|200words)Answercanbeassembledfromanyofthefollowingsources:1. SpectrumFreedomfighters(GandhiNehruTagoreandOtherpersonalities)2. SpectrumBriefHistoryofModernIndiabyRajivAhir3. BipinChandra:IndiasstruggleforIndependence.Pointsscatteredthroughoutthebook.4. KrishnaReddy.ChapterGandhiandhisthoughts:subtopicRoleofwomeninnationalistmovement.NCERT,TNTextbook,GSManual=hardlyusefulbecausetheircontentistoosmall/toogeneric/tooscatteredtoservethepurpose.Anyways,firstletsmakeatableofnotablewomenfreedomfighters,toseeapattern/trend.Abbreviationsusedinfollowingtable:R=rich,M=middleclass,P=poor,?=notmentionedinbook,andIdidnotbothergoogling(Becauseinreallifepreparation,acandidatewouldnthavethatmuchtimetodoPh.Doneverything.)NV=nonviolent.R=Revolutionary/violentmethods.ArunaAsafAliM NVBreakingthesocialconventions,marriedtoaMuslimCongressmanAsafAli.WenttoprisonduringCDMandIndividualSatyagraha.Hoistedtricolor@GowaliatankafterMaulanaAzadsarrest.EditorofInquilabamonthlyjournalofCongressBegumSafiaAbdulWajidRNVRichMuslimFamily,PostgraduatefromAllahabadUniv.LostgovernmentlecturerjobbecauseofherparticipationinQuitIndiamovement.DurgabaiDeshmukhM NVMiddleclassfamily,initiallycouldntaffordeducationbutgraduatedfromAndhra.Studiedlaw,practicedinMadrasHighcourt.JailedforsaltsatyagrahaAndhraMahilasabhaforwelfareofwomen.JyotirmoyeeGanguli? NVleftGovernmentjobduringcivildisobediencemovement.tookpartintheBritishdemonstrationsDemandedthereleaseofjailedINAsoldiers.KilledbytheBritishduringaprocession.Kasturba ? NVTookpartinalltheprogramsofGandhi,jailedduringQuitIndiamovementanddiedinPoonajailtwoyearslater.MadamBhikaijiCamaNVherselfinfluencedbyDadabhaiNaoroji,sheInspiredIndianyouthinUK,rannewsletterBandeMataramandorganizationfreeIndiasociety.UnfurledfirstnationalflagofIndiainGermany.MatanginiHajraP NVborninapoorpeasantfamilyofBengalexploitedbybothZamindarsandtheBritish.DandiMarch,campaignedfornonpaymentofChowkidaritaxarrested.DuringQuitIndiamovement,plannedanAttackonpolicestationbutkilledwhilehoistingthenationalflag.Nehru RNVJawaharlalsmom:SwarupRaniNehru,providedmoralsupportandfoughtforfreedomstruggle.HissisterVijayLaxmiPandit:jailedthriceduringCDMWifeKamalaNehru:participatedinCDMandNotaxcampaign.RajkumariAmritaKaurRNVRoyalfamilyfromPunjabGrad.fromEngland,influencedbyGandhiJailedforquitIndiamovementRehanaTyabjeeRNVAffluentfamily,herfatherwasaJudge.influencedbyGandhi,joinedSabarmatiAshram,NCM,opposedUntouchability+childmarriagePresidentofYouthcongressJailedforQIMFirstmuslimladytosingVandemataraminCongresssessionGraduatedfromLondonSarojiniNaidu? NVoneofthefirstwomentoparticipateinFreedomstruggleundermentorshipofG.K.GokhalelaterparticipatedinallprogramsofGandhi,includingDandiMarchservedasPresidentofIndiannationalcongress.EvenherdaughterPadmajaNaidu,21,wasarrestedforQuitIndiamovement.Cpt.LaxmiSahgal? RyoungmedicalstudentBecameCaptainofallwomanRaniofJhansiregimentoftheIndianNationalArmy(INA)underSubhashChandraBose.LedthetroopsinBurmaduringWW2,butcaughtbytheBritisharmy.KalpanaDuttJoshi? RRevolutionaryfromBengal.partofSuryaSensChittagongrepublicationarmy.Caughtandtransportedforlife,laterreleased.Nanibaladevi? RBrahminfamily.Widowed@thetenderageof16JoinedJugandharparty,associatedwithrevolutionarymovements.ArrestedfortransportingweaponsandammunitionwasthefirstandonlywomantobetorturedbythepoliceunderRegulationIIIof1818Calcuttajailsfirstwomanprisoner.PreetilataWaddedar? RPartofChittagaongrevolutionariesofSuryaSen.OrganizedattacksonBritishestablishmentsinBengal.ConsumedPostassiumcyanidetoevadedetentionandinterrogation.RaniGaidinliu? RNagaTribal,whoorganizedrebelliontooverthrowBritishfromManipur.Jailedfor14years,freedafterindependence.GiventitleRaniofNagas~1000words.Evenmorecanbegatheredifwerefereachbookwordbywordanddiggoogle.Butinreallifepreparation,thatisimpractical.Soletsjusttrytoassembleananswerfromthedatagatheredsofar.KeypointsWomeninFreedomstruggleQ.Defyingthebarriersofage,genderandreligion,theIndianwomenbecamethetorchbearerduringthestruggleforfreedominIndia.Discuss.(10marks|200words)[Sidenote:SincethisisaDiscussquestion,multipleanswerspossible.]Forthefirststrugglein1857tothelaststrugglein1942,WomenhaveplayedaninstrumentalroleinIndiasstruggleforindependence.Womenwerenotmerefootsoldiers,theyprovidedleadershipanddirectionaswell.BeitSarojiniNaiduinSaltMarch,VijayaLaxmiinCDM,KasturbainQIM,MadamBhikaijiCamaamongIndiansinUK,RehanaTyabjeeasPresidentofYouthCongress,CaptainLaxmiSahgalinINAorRaniGidinliuduringManipurrebellion.KalpanaDutt,NanibalaDeviandPreetilataWaddedarevenjoinedrevolutionarymovements,disregardingthethreatofpolicebrutality,deportationanddeath.ManylikeJyotirmoyeeGangulievenleftgovernmentjobstoboycotttheBritishoppression.MatanginiHajra,DurgabaiDeshmukhandmanyothersfrompoorandmiddleclassfamiliesparticipated.BegumSafiaWajid,RehanaTyabjeeandRajkumariAmritaKaurandmanyotherfromaffluentMuslimfamiliesandroyallineagecameout.Fromliberalhomestoconservativefamilies,urbancenterstoruralhamlets,HinduandMuslim,singleandmarried,youngandold,mothersanddaughters,wivesandsistersallwomencameforwardtohelpIndiaattainitsindependence.~210words.QuestionAnswerfinished.Nowtimeforanalysis/observation/commentary/ramblings.DifficultylevelandBackbreakingTMFrommid90stomid2000,theGSMains(History)trendwasasfollowing:7,10or15freedomfightersfortwomarkseach=2030marks.Twotothreelongquestionsonfreedomstruggleforaround152025markseach.andwithinthis:theyProvidedalternativese.g.writeanyoneoftwooranytwoamonggiventhree.sometimesthefocuswouldbeontheinitialphase(from1857toGandhiIrwin)Sometimesthefocuswouldbeontheendphase(fromGandhiIrwintovariousoffersandmissionsforIndiaspartition.)Inthatera,youcouldeasilysailthroughthequestionsbyrelyingonjusttwobooks(SpectrumsfreedomFighter+RajivAhir),andatmostBipinChandra.Butintherecentyears,UPSCchairmanhasbeenrunningacampaigntobreakthebacksofcoachingclasses,rotlearners(andseniorplayers).HencethecomplexityofGShistoryhaskeptincreasingwitheachyear.Observe:2009 quotesbasedquestions.Youweregivensomerandomstatementsandyouhadtocommentonthem.2010 Onlytwofreedomfighters(4marks)andatoughquestiononDalhousie.2011 RINmunity(atopicthatalmostnobodyprepares)+womensorg.+afewrandomtermsthatwerehardtorecall.2012 Drasticallyreducedthehistoryportion.MorefocusonCulture.Nofreedomfighters.Eventhe25markerrequiredyoutomakesignificantbrainstormingforideasbeforeattemptingtheanswer.Sametypeofcomplexityunpredictabilityhasprevailedin2013aswell.Playershadhopedthatjustlikein2012,UPSCwillaskmorefromcultureandlessfromfreedomstrugglein2013.ButUPSCdidthereverse:morequestionsfromFreedomstruggle(12%)andlessquestionsfromCulture(8%).EvenlySpreadQuestionsInthepastexams,thequestionfocuswouldbeonaparticularblockoffreedomstruggleonly:2010:Dalhousie Beforefreedomstruggle.2011:RINMutiny lastpartofFreedomstruggleComparedtothat,2012shadamoreeven/balancecoverageofentirefreedomstruggle.Observethequestion:Q.TheIndianindependencemovementwasamassbasedmovementthatencompassedvarioussectionsofsociety.Italsounderwenttheprocessofconstantideologicalevolution?Criticallyexamine.2013continuedonthatpatternoftestingyouunderstandingentirefreedomstruggleperiod.Observe:DalhousieBeforefreedomstruggleTestedyourmemory/recallingpower.(youjusthadtoreproducethepointsfromyourbraintothepieceofpaper)roleofwomenDuringfreedomstruggleTestedyourunderstanding.Youhadtobrainstormforideas,arrangetheminanordertoframetheanalysis/discussion.roleofforeignersDuringfreedomstruggleSameasabove.MaulanaAzadDuringandafterfreedomstruggle.SameasDalhousiequestion.Thusfor40marks,youhadtocoveralmostentirestruggleforIndiasindependencewithbothyourmemorypowerandyourunderstanding/analysispower.TheNatureofHistoryquestionsDalhousie:DalhousieisnotatotallynewguyforMains.Inpast,UPSChasaskedabouthimbutinadifferentcontext:1. Dalhousiespredecessorshadactedonthegeneralprinciplesofavoidingannexations,ifthesecouldbeavoided.Dalhousieactedontheprinciplesofannexation,ifhecoulddosolegitimately.Hisannexationswerebothofwarandpeace.Analyze.(12marks|GS1Mains2010)2. DalhousiechangedthemapofIndiawithspeedandthoroughnessnocampaigncouldequal.(20marks|Historyoptional2001)Butdifficulttosolveinactualexamhallof2013because:Intherecenttimes,formostaspirants,freedomstrugglesyllabusmeant=1857andafterwards.So,noonehaseverpaidmuchattentiontoDalhousieformainsbecauseheleftin1856.BipinChandraandNCERTdonttalkabouthimmuch.Besides,thereare50dozenothernames,placesandeventstobememorizedsowhohastimeforthingsbefore1856?EveninCSATPrelims,UPSChasceasedaskingGovernorGeneral/ViceroyrelatedGKMCQs.SomostpeoplecouldntrecallanythingexceptafewbasicpointsaboutDalhousie=railways,telegraph,SataraandJhansi=highqualityanswerdifficult.MaulanaAzadIvecountedMaulanaAzadquestionforPostIndependenceIndiatopic.Becauseintheoriginal2013questionpaper,thisquestionwasaskedafterBhoodanandJaiJawan,JaiKisanquestions.(Meaningwhoeverarrangedthequestions,hewasinthemoodforpostindependence.)Anyways,AzadcannotbecountedasaBackbreakingTMquestionbecause:1. 2013=125thanniversaryofAzad.andifsomeone/somebodysbirthordeathanniversaryisinthemultipleof25thenitisautomaticallyimportantforUPSCforbothGSaswellasliterature.2. inNovember2013,hewasinnewsbecause:a. Governmentlaunchedanewwebportalmaulanaazadheritage.orgb. ModibloggingthatRahulbabasfamilyhaserasedallheroesfrompublicmemoryincludingMaulanaAzadandKriplani.AllthiswasinnewsduringsecondweekofNovember2013.SomecandidatesmaynotbeawareofthisdevelopmentbecauseinNovembertheywouldhavestoppedreadingnewspaperbecauseMains2013wasjustafewdaysawayinthefirstweekofDecember.Lesson:Aplayermustnotstopfollowingnewspaperswhenexamisnear.RoleofwomeninFreedomstruggle:UPSChasaskedWomenandFreedomstrugglequestionsinpast,butinalittledifferentcontext:1. HowdidthemovementforliberationofwomenreceiveagreatstimulusfromtheriseandgrowthofnationalistmovementinIndia?15marks2001GSMains2. Evaluatetheinfluenceofthreeimportantwomensorganizationsofearly20thCenturyinIndiaonthecountryssocietyandpolitics.10marks2011GSMainsAssuchthis2013questionhasnotfellfromsky.Invariousbooks,essays,andcolumns,youvereadabouttheroleofwomenduringfreedomstruggle.Butinthereallifeexamitbecomesdifficultbecause:QuestionPaperstartedwithculturequestionsandtheyretoughbecauseyouhadto100200words.Noalternativesweregiven=Mindalreadyfilledwithfearandstress.So,evenforthiswomenroleanswer,Candidatecannotimmediatelyrecallallthepoints.Havetobrainstormforideas,whattowrite,whattoskip=takesmoretimeandenergy(comparedtosomethingdirectnonanalyticallikeroleofMaulanaAzad.)RoleofForeignersinFreedomstruggle:IdidnotfindthisquestioninanyofthepreviousGSmainspaper,exceptAnnieBesant/Homerulespecificquestions.(ormaybeIdidnotlookcarefully)Assuch,thestandardbooksforhistorypreparation(Bipin,RajivAhirorGSManual)donthavemuchonforeigners,exceptAnnieBesant.EvenMirabenandDinbandhugetonlypassingmention=difficulttorecollectpointsforanalysistypequestion.AlthoughinAugust2013,TheHindudidrunastoryonSatyanandStokes.Butthenonecouldnthaveanticipatedthatafullblownquestiononallforeignfreedomfighterscouldbeasked.BesidesevenifyoucouldanticipateitthereweredozensofotherthingstobepreparedforfourpapersofnewGSsyllabus=hardlymuchtimelefttocoverallfreedomfighters.ObservethisMCQfromCSAT2013:TheChinesetravellerYuanChwang(HiuenTsang)whovisitedIndiarecordedthegeneralconditionsandcultureofIndiaatthattime.Inthiscontext,whichofthefollowingstatementsis/arecorrect?1. Theroadsandriverrouteswerecompletelyimmunefromrobbery.2. Asregardspunishmentforoffences,ordealsbyfire,waterandpoisonweretheinstrumentsfordeterminingtheinnocenceorguiltofaperson.3. Thetradesmenhadtopaydutiesatferriesandbarrierstations.Selectthecorrectanswerusingthecodesgivenbelow.a. 1onlyb. 2and3onlyc. 1and3onlyd. 1,2and3Nowtheusercommentspostedonitsanswerkeyarticle:User1TheQuestiononHuanTsangwascurrentaffairsrelated.AReportcameonHinduthatatemplerelatedtoHuanTsangwasbeingdemolishedinChina.UPSCrocks!!User2(responds)AndacandidateisexpectedtodigoutthearchivesandframepointsaboutwhatHuanTsangsaidandwhatheleftunsaid.UPSCrockswithyousir.Lesson:sometimesitisnothumanlypossibletocovereverythingevenifthetopicishintedinTheHindu.Anyways,whatshouldbetheStudyplan/Approach/StrategyforMains2014(GSHistory)GSpreparationislikeKungfu,everymasterdevelopshisownstyle.youdonthavetoreadallofthesefollowingbooks,justmixmatchtweakasperyourrequirements.Source detailsforGS(Mains)History?(new)NCERTQuitegoodforgeographyandsciencetheorybasedMCQs.ButfreedomstrugglerelatedcoverageisnotgiveninadetailedwaythatwouldhelpinMCQs/Descriptive.Uselessforfreedomstruggle.(old)NCERT(class10and12).Helpinonlythree(women,Dalhousie,Azad).Butcontentscattered.UsefulbutTNTbetteralternative(intermsofeyecandyfonts,bullets,boldeffectsonimportantterms).besides,BipinChandrawroteClass12soldNCERT,somanyideasrepeatwhenyoureadhisotherbookonIndiasstruggleforindependenceusefulTamilNaduTextbooks(TNT)TheHistorycoverageisbothusefulinMCQanddescriptivecoverageforcompetitiveexams.DetailingisSimilartoOldNCERTbutwitheyecandyfontsandpictures.availableforfree:ClickMEforfreedomstruggle:useClass12textbook.usefulGSManualHasitsutilitiesinstaticMCQsinprelims(CSAT)butinsufficientcontenttotacklethese100200worddescriptivequestionsonHistory.notmuchNIOS Historycoursenotuploaded IGNOU Sitestoppedworking. BipinChandra:Indiasstruggleforindependence(PenguinPublication)Itstillhasutilitiesinprelims(CSAT)MCQs,particularlythe2statementtrue/falsetypequestions.InMains2013assuchdidnothelpmuchdirectly,butBipinsfoddermaterialhasindirectusesinEssayandinterviews,includingtheMains2013essayonGandhi.ForMains2014?Useful,shouldberead.ItllbeamistaketothrowitofftooquickyjustbecauseUPSCdidnotaskdirectquestionsinonemainsexams.SpectrumsFreedomfighterbookAfterobservingthelasttwomains,Ihadgivenuphopeonthisbook.ButLuckbychancethreequestionsinMains2013couldbesolvedfromthisbook(Azad,women,foreigners)So,willitbehelpfulinMains2014?Wellthatdependsonthequestion:willUPSCcontinueasksimilargroup/categorybasedquestionsin2014?e.g.analysetheroleofParsi/SouthIndianpoets/xyzgroupinfreedomstruggle.Assuchagoodtoolbecauseifyouknowthecontributionofafewdozenfreedomfightersfromvariousarea/religion/ideology,youcanprettymuchcoveruptheremaininggapina100200wordsquestiononmostfreedomfightingquestionbycitingthemasexamples.RajivAhir:AbriefhistoryofModernIndia(SpectrumPublication)HehaswrittenthebooklikeanotesimilartoLaxmikanthsPolity.OnlydifferenceisLaxmikanthhelpsverymuchinMCQs,Rajivnotthatmuch.Afterlasttwomains,Ihadgivenuphopeonthisbookaswell.ButHelpedintwoquestions(Dalhousie,women).WillithelpinMains2014?wellthatDepends1. IfyoureappearinginsomeStateserviceexamthenyesbecauseRajivsgoodforthosegenericstaticdirectquestionbecauseofitsreadyrevisionnotetypeofcoverage.2. Otherwise,yourebetteroffwithothercombosinvolving(TNT/OldNCERT)+(Bipin/Sumit).etc.SumitSarkar:ModernIndia(18851947)AssuchthisbookismeantforHistoryoptional,butsomeseniorplayersevenuseitforGeneralstudies.DirectlyitdidnothelpmuchinMains2013buthasitsutilitiesinessay,interview(evenMCQs).IfyourealreadyaseniorplayerwithalreadygoodgripoverBipin,thenyoumayuseittogainadditionalfodderpoints,wisdomandenlightenmentaboutfreedomstruggle.otherwise,notrecommendedfornewplayers.KrishnaReddy,IndianHistory(TMHPublication)Directlyhelpedinthreequestions(Exceptforeigners)butitsaverybulkybooksolelywrittenforhistoryoptionalsubject(forprelimsinpreCSATera).Notrecommendedforplayerswithouthistoryoptional.Coaching/Postal/CorrespondencematerialUsuallyassembledbycopypastingpassagesfromstandardreferencebooksandmakingfancybullets,numbering,tables,bold/italiceffectsandaverydarkwatermarktopreventxeroxing.ItdoesnthelpbeyondGKandveryeasystatictypequestions.Fortheanalyse/discuss/evaluate/examine/comment/essayishtypequestions,theydonthelpmuch.Inshort,tooexpensiveforwhatitisworth.SodontbotherevenXeroxingsuchreadymadematerial.Bettersticktostandardreferencebooks.JholacchapNGOsPublicationhouses2014:Electionyear=manystateservicevacancieswillcome,beforethemodelcodeofconductcomesintoeffect.SothisalsomeansDiwaliyearforJholacchappublicationhouses,theyllfloodmarketwithlotofnewbooksonhistory,polity,geographyeverything.Atmostjustusethemforgettingterminologiesofpolity/geography/economicsinyourmothertongue.oratmostsomespecifictopicslikeGK/geographyofyourstate.Otherwise,alwaysrelyonstandardreferencebooks.Avoidjholachhappublisherslikehell.OverallTableonlyforillustration,multiplecombospossibleotherwise:LEVEL combo#1 combo#2NEWGUYOnlyTNTuntilheclearsprelims.(Usealltheremainingtimeandenergytomasterotherstaticareasofprelimsi.e.polity,science,economy,geographyandaptitude.)ifhehasmasteredallofthem,thenheshouldbotherwithBipinetc.TNT+RajivAhir(ifhesplanningforstateservicein2014)TNT+BipinChandra.Bipinshouldbereadwithhighlightersandmakekeywordnotesonitsmargins.(thatwayafterprelims,itdoesnttakemuchtimeinsecondthirdrevision.)Ifyouaretakingabreakin2014,tofocusonstateINTERN*Untilprelimisover,heshouldnotbotherwithMainsanswerwritinginsteadpourallthatenergyintheaptitude(PaperII)preparationcomprehension,Mathsandreasoning+allthestaticareasofGSprelimswherehefaultedlasttime+maintainingcurrentnotesfromnewspapers.servicespreparation:1. ReligiouslyMugupRajivAhir+whateverbookgoesforyourstaterelatedhistory.2. Spectrumsfreedomfighters+dignettogetlistofallfreedomfightersfromyourstate.3. WriteanswertoallstaticdescriptivemainsQs.ofStatePSCbyyourself.Ifyoucantfindthemonline/inmarket,thenfileRTI.SENIORPLAYERAnyoneClass12textbook:OldNCERTorTNTAnyoneacademicbook:BipinChandra/SumitSarkar.(orboth)Usehighlightersandmakekeywordnotesonitsmargins.IgnoreRajivAhir,becauseithasnothingnewthatyoudontknowalreadyforUPSClevelquestions.(especiallyaftergoingthroughonetextbookandoneacademicbook)Answerwritingofmaximumnumberofstatichistoryquestionsfrompreviouspapersparticularlythosesimilarto2012and2013(i.e.questionsdemandingyourknowledgeofentirestruggle).InamoviecalledSnakeintheEaglesshadow,JackieChanfirstlearnsEaglestylekungfu.ButthemainvillaineasilydefeatshimwithSnakestyle.ThenJackieobserveshowacatkillsthesnake.So,Hedevelopsanewstyle:EagleCATkungfuandwinsthelastfight.Pointbeing,ifyouwanttodefeatthemainvillain(UPSC)youvetodevelopyourowncombos.Newguy=completerookieplayer.Neverappearedinanyprelims.*Intern:someonewhohasappearedinoneormoreprelimsbutfailedbyasmallmargin.Seniorplayer:Hasclearedoneormoreprelims.Otherpoints/analysis/observationsaresameasfromCultureanalysis:1. Causalrevision=#Epicfail2. FocusonDramaticpart=also#EPICFAIL3. Workingprofessionalsdontwastesalary4. Mains2013playersdontcryoverthespilledmilkInthenextarticle,wellWorldHistoryquestionsfromGS1paper,theiranswers,analysisandplanfor2014.ArticleprintedfromMrunal:http://mrunal.orgURLtoarticle:http://mrunal.org/2014/01/gs1freedomstruggleindianhistoryanswerkeyanalysisofmains2013questionsdalhousiewomenforeignersstudyplanbooklistforupscmains2014.htmlCopyright2014Mrunal.Allrightsreserved.