history of wildlife conservation ch. iii

8/8/2019 History of Wildlife Conservation Ch. III

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History of wildlife Conservation

Chapter III


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Bellwork

Why is the conservation of natural resources

important? What do we have to gain by protecting our

resources?


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The Beginning

Pilgrims arrived in North America to find a

wilderness of vast forests, broad prairies,and abundant water.

Indians felt wildlife was very important to

them. They did not have large scale farming,

factories, and did not stay in one place longenough to have a negative effect on the

area.


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Impact of European Settlers

European settlers created a almost

immediate impact on the land. They brought livestock and farming

techniques and created towns and cities

similar to those in Europe.

The supply of land seemed endless.


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Wasteful Exploitation

The making unwise use of resources.

Includes killing too much game and noteating it or cutting trees and using them.

Much of the nations wildlife was destroyed

by wasteful exploitation.


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Policies Impacting Wildlife

In 1872, land that later became Yellowstone

NationalP

ark was set aside in Idaho,Montana, and Wyoming.

In 1916, the National Park Service wasestablished.

In 1900, the U.S. Congress passed theGame Bird and Wild Bird Preservation Act.Known as the Lacey Act, the law regulatesthe shipment of illegally killed animals.


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The Migratory Bird Conservation Act of 1929

was the firs major step in protectingmigratory birds such as ducks and geese.

In 1934, the Migratory Bird Hunting stamp

Act was passed. This law obligated all

waterfowl hunters to buy a special huntingstamp in addition to the cost of state hunting

license.


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In 1966, A Wildlife Refuge System was

organized as part of the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service.

These contain vast land areas. Some are

occasionally open for hunting and other

uses.


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The U.S. Forest Service, an agency in the

U.S. Department of Agriculture, has 156national forests throughout the nation.

These vast areas were originally set up to

protect timber and water as part of the

federal forest conservation policy of 1891.


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State Actions

1852, Maine had a person in each county to

enforce deer and moose hunting regulations. 1895, North Dakota was the first state to

have a law requiring hunters to buy licenses.

1900, many states had agencies to manage

areas related to wildlife, especially game

animals.


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Leaders in Wildlife Conservation

John James Audubon studied birds of

North America. He learned to draw birds while growing up in

Pennsylvania. Later published a book of 435

life-sized birds.

The American Audubon Society was formed

and named for the famed naturalist.


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John Muiris known as an explorer, naturalist, and

writer. Spent years hiking the forests of the United States

and other nations.

His encouragement ofPresident Theodore

Roosevelt resulted in the two parks being set up in

1890.

Founded the Sierra Club in 1892 to promote

conservation.


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Theodore Roosevelt served as president of theU.S. using his power to influence wildlife

conservation. The U.S. Forest Service expanded and five national

parks were set up.

Also 18 national monuments were established and51 bird reservations were set up.

He supported irrigation projects to open dry areas inthe western U.S. for crop farming.

He is considered the father of the conservationmovements.


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Gifford Pinchot promoted the conservation

of forest lands in the U.S. He became president of the National

Conservation Committee.

He wrote the book, The Fight for

Conservation, which was published in 1910. He later served as the governor ofPennsylvania.


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Aldo Leopold was a pioneer in applying ecology towildlife management

He felt people should enjoy natural areas withoutdamaging the presence of these areas.

He organized and set up an educational departmentthat evolved as wildlife ecology.

He became the first professor of wildlifemanagement in the U.S.

He stressed the need to understand and respond topredators and disease.


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Jay Norwood Darling was a writer and cartoonist

who took great interest in the conservation of naturalresources.

He used cartoons to promote his interest in wildlife.

His cartoon are classics that depict shameful waste

of wildlife.

He later became president of the National Wildlife

Federation.


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Examples ofWildlife Management

Bird banding is the placing a band around

the leg of a bird to identify it for study. Trapping and transplanting is a process

used to boost low wildlife populations or

develop new populations.

Land management is used to provide a

secure habitat for species that require

special protected areas.


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Examples ofWildlife Management

Wildlife population survey is counting the numberof wildlife in an area.

Vegetation survey is determining the kinds andamounts of vegetation present in important wildlifeareas.

Wildlife extension work focuses on educational

programs for the public. Implementation of regulations about wildlife are

made by state and federal agencies based oninformation on wildlife numbers and conditions.


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Wildlife Management and Productivity

Threat Three: Animal species that are large

in size and often described as a predator areparticularly threatened.

Threat Four: Animal species that have

limited numbers of offspring, characterized

by long gestation or incubation periods andoften requiring extensive care are especially

threatened.


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Wildlife Management and Productivity

Threat Five: Animal species that are highly

specialized with physical or behavioraladaptations are often threatened.


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Successful Game Management

Hunting restrictions

Predator control Game land reservation, such as forests and parks

Replenishing wildlife species through artificial

restocking and game farm methods.

Environmental controls, such as food sources,habitat, disease, and other special factors.


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Wildlife Productivity

The rate at which mature wildlife organism

are produced. Uses strategies that consider animal

populations and productivity impacted by

natural caused, hunting, introduced

predators, nonpredatory exotic species, andhabitat modification.

history of wildlife conservation ch. iii

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