history of the volunteers of ireland 1778-1783

History of the Volunteers of Ireland

1778-1783

Revised: 19 March 2011

History of the Volunteers of Ireland 2010

Pre-Formation

5 August 1776, Letter by Lord Rawdon in Bickley

“The fresh meat our men have got here has made them as riotous as satyrs. A girl cannot step into the bushes to pluck a rose without running the most imminent risk of being ravished, and are so little accustomed to these methods that they don’t bear them with the proper resignation.”

1778

Formation of the Volunteers of Ireland, May: Aide-de-Camp to General Sir Henry Clinton – and former Captain of the 63rd Regiment of Foot – Francis Lord Rawdon is authorized to raise a corps of Loyalists from the Irish inhabitants around the Philadelphia area. Recruits would primarily come from Continental Army deserters and the disbanded Roman Catholic volunteers.

Recruiting Notice

ALL Gentlemen, Natives of Ireland, who are zealous for the Honour and Prosperity of their Country, are hereby informed, that a Corps, to be stiled the VOLUNTEERS of IRELAND, is now raising by their Countryman, LORD RAWDON.

Those who wish to seize this favourable Opportunity, of manifesting their Attachment to their Native Land, are desired to apply to Captain BOURNE, at his Quarters, opposite to Coenties Market-place, or to Lieutenant MOFFAT, at the Lines, Kingsbridge; Lieutenant BINGHAM, Long-Island; Lieutenant DALTON, Powles-Hook, or at Mr. DEAN's, at the Sign of the Ship, near the Fly Market, where they shall be honourably entertained.

Any person who shall bring an approved good Recruit, shall receive Half a Guinea for each.

Good Men of any Country will be received.

GOD SAVE THE KING.

(Source: The Royal Gazette, (New York), May 9, 1778)

3 September: Clothing for the Volunteers of Ireland

Sept 3d, 1778

Sir Henry Clinton has been pleased to signify his pleasure that such fresh provision which in Lt. Col. Clifton's R C Volln. as are desirous to serve with Lord Rawdon in the Volunteers of Ireland have his Excellency's leave to join Lord Rawdon and are to be delivered to Lt. Col. Doyle [Volunteers of Ireland] the 100 suits of clothing sent to camp for Lt. Col. Chalmers [Md Loyalist Commanding Officer] and Lt. Col. Clifton's Battalion [PA Loyalists], will be delivered between

2 Compiled by Sherri Rapp


those corps, the respective Quarter Master giving receipts to the Inspector General of Provincial Forces for the same...,

(Source: Orderly Book of The Maryland Loyalists) http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Revlist/message/123788

General Clinton assures Lord Germain that the Volunteers of Ireland exceed expectations, October:

Clinton to Germain

Copy No. 23.

New York October 23d 1778

My Lord

In your Lordships Instructions to me, dated the 8th of March, I find myself directed to try all Means which should appear to me likely to draw off from the American Army, the Number of Europeans which constituted its principal Force.

It was difficult to hold forth Terms of sufficient advantage to excite those People to Defection from the Rebels, without giving cause of disatisfaction to such of the Natives of the Country as had, uninvited by Reward, manifested their Attachment to their King by taking up Arms in the first Provincial Corps that were formed.

The Emigrants from Ireland were in general to be looked upon as our most serious Antagonists. They had fled from the real or fancied Oppression of their Landlords: Thro' Dread of prosecution for the Riots which their Idea of the Oppression had occasioned, they had transplanted themselves into a Country where they could live without Apprehension; and had estraged themselved from all Solicitude for the Welfare of Britain.

From their Numbers, however, national Customs were kept up amongst them; & the pride of having sprung in the Old Country, notwithstanding the Connection of Intrests, prevented them from entirely Assimilating with the Americans.

To work up on these latent Seeds of national Attachment appeared to me the only Means of inciting these Refugees to a measure, contrary perhaps to the particular Intrests of most of them. On this ground I formed the Plan of raising a Regiment whose Officers as well as Men should be entirely Irish.

Lord RAWDON being the person of that Nation in the Army whose Situation pointed him out the most strongly for the Command, I placed him at the head of the Corps: He was flattered with the preference, and, happy in contributing to the public Service, undertook it with Zeal.

Great Pains have been taken to propagate the Advertisement of this new Establishment among the Enemy, and they have not been unsuccessful. Under many disadvantages of Situation, above 380 Deserters from the Rebel Army have been collected; and are now in Arms in that Regiment, contented with their Situation, and attached to their Officers.

I may assure your Lordship that they are a fine Body of Men, zealous on Service, and notwithstanding the short time they have been embodied, perfectly obedient and well disciplined. They were with Lord CORNWALLIS in Jersey; and were honored by his Lordship with the


http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Revlist/message/123788


advanced Post both in Camp and in March: His Lordship has complimented their behaviour in both Situations.

Their loss by Desertion was very trifling, and one man being taken in the Attempt, the rigorous Punishment which his Comrades inflicted upon him shewed the Abhorrence in which his Crime was held by the generality of the Battalion.

The Advantages attending this Corps led me to strengthen it with near 80 Men from the Regiment of Roman Catholic Volunteers, which from the inattention of the Officers to the Terms of their Warrant and their utter disregard of all Discipline I found it necessary to reduce.

The Regiment has been clothed, and is now completely appointed, at the sole Expence of the Officers. The Commissions have been filled in a manner very different from what had been adopted with regard to other Corps on the Provincial Establishment. This Corps has been Officered principally from the regular Regiments one Step alone of Promotion being allowed except in the case of the Lieut. Colonel who was only Capt. Lieut. in the 55th Regiment.

My motive for permitting so many regular Officers to serve in this Regiment will I trust be approved by his Majesty, as the present Discipline of this regiment will answer that those Officers could not have been more serviceably employed. Some Commission have been filled from the Provincial Line, and as those Officers were chosen for meritorious Service, their Appointment will I hope be thought no Bar to the Application I am about to make.

From the peculiar Circumstances of this Corps, I beg leave to submit to your Lordship whether the establishing it as a Regular Regiment may not be a mark of Approbation which would be attended with very beneficial Consequences.

There are many reasons to be urged in favor of the measure. The Motives on which it was levied, and the light in which it stands, speak strongly for it. The Expence of appointing the Regiment so as to have taken the Field within four Months after the date of their Warrant, has been very heavy upon the Officers: The Discipline and serviceable State of the Corps argue a strict attention to Duty: And the promotion in general has not been extravagant.

All the Officers have shewn themselves equal to the Duties of the Ranks they hold. The Colonel & Lieut. Colonel only, cannot from their former Situation have any expectation of being confirmed. The latter would be highly contented with the Rank of Major; the former will not apply for any thing for himself: He would think himself favored in being appointed Lieut. Colonel to it, but would not be disappointed were the Post otherwise disposed of.

The Regiment is regarded by the other Provincials as upon so different a footing from theirs that its Establishing could create no Murmers. I enclose to your Lordship a List of the Officers; by which your Lordship will see that some have resigned their Commissions in the Regular Service, in consequence of my ordering such Officers of the Regiments under General GRANT as held Provincial Commissions to decide by which they would abide.

It would be a powerful temptation to the Irish, were I authorised to hold forth to them His Majesty's Pardon for all Crimes heretofore committed by them in Ireland, except Murder. The prospect of returning home without Apprehension to their Families, might have very extensive Influence: And under such Restrictions as your Lordship may judge advisable, I humbly conceive could produce no Evil to the State.

There may be Objections to this measure which do not immediately occur to me. I only start it as a Hint which may suggest to your Lordship, further and more determinate Ideas on the Subject: Both this and the propriety of establishing the Volunteers of Ireland I submit with great deference



to your Lordship: In the mean time I shall give all Encouragement to the Recruiting of that Corps, which I think may probably increase to a Second Battalion.

I have the honor to be

With the greatest Respect

Your Lordships,

Most obedient and

Most humble Servant

(Signed) H: CLINTON

[To Lord George GERMAIN]

(Source: University of Michigan, William L. Clements Library, Sir Henry Clinton Papers, Volume 44, item 7) [Acquired from Todd Braisted on www.royalprovincial.com]

Roster of the initial officers and gentleman volunteers:

Lieutenant Colonel Wilbore Ellis DOYLE – Captain Lieut. in the 55th Regt. which Commission he resigned without any pecuniary Consideration.

Major John DESPARD- Captain in the English Fusileers

Captains,

John CAMPBELL- Lieutenant 44th Regiment

John DOYLE- Resigned a Lieutenancy in the 40th without any pecuniary Consideration.

James KING- Three Years Ensign in the 57th Regiment. Afterwards a Lieut. in the Queen's Rangers, where his Behaviour strongly pointed him out for Promotion.

William BARRY- Having been presented to Sir Henry CLINTON at Boston, he resigned a Lieutenancy in the Prussian Service, upon His Excellency being appointed Commr. in Chief, and came over to America. Behaved with great Attention as Lieut. in this Regt.

3 Companies vacant.

Captain Lieutenant David DALTON- 3 Years Ensign in the 55th. Purchased a Lieutenancy, and his Bills being protested thro' the failure of a Banker was obliged to sell out behaved well as Lieut. in this Regt. to which Step he was first appointed.

Lieutenants

Charles VALLANCEY- Ensign in the 16th Regiment.

Charles BINGHAM- Resigned his Ensigncy in the 35th Regt. without any Pecuniary Consideration.

Edward FITZGERALD- Ensign 26th Regiment.

James MOFFAT- Ensign in DeLanceys 3d Battalion.

Thomas PROCTOR- Ensign in Governor Legge's Volunteers.



Samuel BRADSTREET-Ensign in the Queens Rangers.

Thomas GILLESPIE- Volunteer in the 7th Regiment.

Harmon BLACK- Cadet in the Royal Artillery.

One Vacant-

Ensigns

John JEWELL- Serjt. Major in the 1st Regiment, Afterwards in the Adjutant General's Office in this Country.

John STEWART- Quarter Master Serjt. to the 35th Regiment.

Thomas WILSON- Midshipman strongly recommended by Commodore ELLIOTT.

Thomas FLYN- Volunteer in the Light Infantry.

Edward GILBOURNE- Ensign in the Prince of Wales' American Volunteers.

John WHITLEY- Serjeant in the Fuzileers.

Joseph THOMPSON- Volunteer well recommended.

John CUNNINGHAM- Lieut. in Carolina under governor MARTIN.

Thomas SARGENT- Volunteer in the Light Infantry.

Adjutant John JEWELL-

Quarter Master John STEWART

Surgeon George ARMSTRONG- Hospital Mate

Surgeon's Mate John HILL- Acted as Mate to the 27th Regt. during one Campaign whilst the proper mate was absent.

Having recommended those Officers at different Times to your Excellency for the Ranks they now hold, I must take this Opportunity of repeating that I have ever impartially pointed out to your Excellency such Men Men [sic] as I thought would forward His Majesty's Service by attending seriously to the Disciplilne of the Corps. Whether or not I have erred in my Judgment upon them; the present State of the Regt. must decide.

(Signed) RAWDON

Colonel Volunteers of Ireland

To His Excellency the Commander in Chief

New York

(University of Michigan, William L. Clements Library, Sir Henry Clinton Papers, Volume 44, item 8.) [Acquired from Todd Braisted on www.royalprovincial.com]



Clothing originally bound for the Maryland Loyalists are diverted to the Volunteers of Ireland. New recruits for the Royal Catholic Volunteers are permitted to transfer to the Volunteers of Ireland.

HEAD QUARS. WITBERRY SEPT 3D, 1778.

…, Sir Henry Clinton has been pleased to Signify his pleasure that Such Fresh Provision [newly enlisted men] which in Lieut Colo Cliftons R C Volunteers as are Desirous to Serve with Lord Rawdon in the Volunteer of Ireland have his Excellencies Leave to join Lord Rawden [,] and are to be Delivered to Lieut. Colo. [Welbore E.] Doyle [of the V of I] the 100 suits of Clothing Sent to Camp for Lieut. Coll. Chalmers [Md Loyalists] and Lieut Colo. Cliftons Battns will be Delivered Between those Corps the Respective Quars Mastrs Giving Receipts to the Inspector Genl of Provincial forces for the Same.

(Orderly Book kept by Captain Caleb Jones, 1st Battalion Maryland Loyalists)

[Acquired from David Woolsey, Recreated 1st Battalion Maryland Loyalists. Says Dave, “So the way I read this is that the Md Loyalists and the RC Volunteers are to send to the V of I 100 suits of clothing…, and that the quarter masters of all three units are to then send over receipts to the IG of the provincial forces. Also anybody new to the RC Volunteers who wants to transfer to the V of I may do so.”]

1779

The Volunteers of Ireland celebrate Saint Patrick’s Day in style, March:

St. Patrick's Day Celebration

New York, March 20 [1779]

Last Wednesday, the Anniversary of Saint Patrick, the Tutelar Saint of Ireland, was celebrated in New York by the Natives of that Kingdom, with their accustomed Hilarity.

The Volunteers of Ireland, preceded by their Band of Music, marched into the City, and formed before the House of their Colonel, LORD RAWDON, who put himself at their Head, and, after paying his compliments to his Excellency General KNYPHAUSEN, and to General JONES, accompanied them to the BOWERY, where a Dinner was provided, consisting of five hundred Covers; after the Men were seated, and had proceeded to the enjoyment of a noble Banquet, the Officers returned to Town, and dined with his Lordship.

The soldierly Appearance of the men, their Order of March, Hand in Hand, being all NATIVES OF IRELAND, had a striking effect; and many of their Countrymen have since joined them.

This single Battalion, though only formed a few Months ago, marched four hundred strapping Fellows, neither influenced by Yankee or Ague—

A Number, perhaps equal to all the Recruits forced into the Rebel Army in the same Space of Time; which shews how easily Troops may be formed on this Continent, from the People who have been seduced into America, and spurn at the Treason and Tyranny of the Congress; providing proper Measures are followed, and they are headed by Men of their Choice;



And, also, that such Men, however long they may have remained in the Haunts of Hypocrisy, Cunning, and Disaffection, being naturally gallant and loyal, crowd with Ardour to stand forth in the Cause of their King, of their country, and of real, honest, general Liberty, whenever an Opportunity offers.

(The New York Gazette and the Weekly Mercury, March 22, 1779.)

29 May:

May 31.—Day before yesterday, fifteen hundred men, consisting of British and Hessian grenadiers, light infantry, volunteers of Ireland and Yagers, landed on Teller’s Point, eight miles below Peekskill, on the North River [in the State of New York], and the following day another party landed on the west side of the river, where they burnt some houses, and opened two small batteries, from which they threw shells, and cannonaded Fort de la Fayette across the river, all day; at the same time two galleys kept up a severe fire on the fort. They have continued their firing till eleven o’clock to-day. Meanwhile their army marched from Teller’s to Verplanck’s Point, on which the fort stands. By a flag they demanded a surrender; the parley continued two hours, when Captain Armstrong thought fit to surrender. General McDougall has not yet received a justifiable reason why the fort was given up.

This little fort was built on purpose to secure King’s ferry from the insults of the enemy’s vessels, which frequently interrupted the American boats in crossing. It was small, and would contain, with conveniency, about a company of men. The redoubt was strong, and covered a barbette battery, mounting three pieces of cannon. We had in the barbette a company of artillery; they were all drawn off but a sergeant, a corporal, and twelve privates. In the redoubt were a captain, two subalterns, three sergeants, and forty-four rank and file. They had provisions and water sufficient to serve them thirty days.

(New Jersey Gazette, June 9, 1779)

May: Volunteers of Ireland is promoted to the American Establishment and numbered the 2nd American Regiment.

14 August: The Volunteers of Ireland are confirmed as being issued overalls or trowsers for summer wear.

Letter from Col. Lewis Nicola to Joseph Reed, President of Pennsylvania , dated Aug. 14, 1779: Sir, Three deserters part of the five mentioned in the pass the other two having staid in the Jerseys from the Loyal Volunteers of Ireland left York island last Saturday evening by swimming over the North River, for which purpose they put their clothes in the overalls & tied those round their necks...”

(Source: PENNSYLVANIA ARCHIVES, SELECTED AND ARRANGED FROM ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS, Series 1, Vol. VII, By Samuel Hazard, Joseph Severns & Co., Philadelphia, 1853, p. 646) http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Revlist/message/99754




Prisoners' Petition, August:

To the Honourable and most Respectable

Gentlemen the Members of Congress-

The Humble Petitioners Craveth that as we have been taken prisoners of War & is now Confined in the New Goal & Whereas Capt. McPherson is now fitting out some privateers & as your Humble Pettitioners is willing & and has a Desire to go with the Said Capt. McPherson we have Humbley petitioned for your Excellencies Permission as we always Expects to Behave ourselves true & faithfully to these States.

So Remains your Excellencies Humble Petitioners

Saml. WILLIAMS

Roger SWINEY

Abraham HAMTON

Wm. BAISTOW

John [illegible]

New Goal August 11th, 1779-

(Papers of the Continental Congress, M 247, r 56, i 42, V 8, page 183.) [Acquired from Todd Braisted on www.royalprovincial.com]

Chipman to Innes (Copy):

New York 21st Septr. 1779

Sir

I beg leave to enclose to you a State of the Vols. of Ireland taken from the Muster Rolls by which you will see that this Regiment is more than compleat to the Establishment. I have only to observe that it appears to me to be compleat in every respect, and that the good appearance of the men is by no means inferior to it's strength.

I have the honor to be

with great respect

your most Obedt. Servt.

W. CHIPMAN



Dy. M M G

Col. INNES Inspector Genl.

(National Archives of Canada, Ward Chipman Papers, M.G. 23, D 1, Series I, Volume 30, part 1, page 158.) [Acquired from Todd Braisted on www.royalprovincial.com]

Rawdon’s Corps submits a muster roll, September:

State of the Volunteers of Ireland, commanded by the Right Honorable Lord RAWDON, taken from the Muster Rolls Septr. 20th 1779.

Colonel's Company

1 Colonel, 1 Captain, 1 Ensign, 1 Chaplain, 1 Adjutant, 1 Qr. Master, 1 Surgeon, 1 Mate, 3 Serjeants, 1 Drummer, 32 Rank & File Present; 10 Rank & File Sick Present in Camp; 1 Drummer, 5 Rank & File Sick in Hospital; 8 Rank & File On Command; 3 Rank & File Prisoners (1 in Provost included); 3 Serjeants, 2 Drummers, 58 Rank & File Total.

Lt. Colonel's Company

1 Lieut. Colonel, 1 Serjeant, 2 Drummers, 38 Rank & File Present; 1 Serjeant, 1 Rank & File Sick Present in Camp; 9 Rank & File Sick in Hospital; 6 Rank & File On Command; 1 Serjeant, 2 Rank & File Furlo and recruiting; 2 Rank & File Prisoners; 3 Serjeants, 2 Drummers, 58 Rank & Rile Total.

Major's Company

1 Major, 1 Lieutenant, 3 Serjeants, 2 Drummers, 43 Rank & File Present; 3 Rank & File Sick Present in Camp; 6 Rank & File Sick in Hospital; 1 Rank & File On Command; 1 Rank & File Furlo and recruiting; 3 Rank & File Prisoners (2 in Provost included); 3 Serjeants, 2 Drummers, 57 Rank & File Total.

Captain CAMPBELL's Company

1 Captain, 1 Ensign, 3 Serjeants, 2 Drummers, 35 Rank & File Present; 10 Rank & File Sick Present in Camp; 3 Rank & File in Hospital; 2 Rank & File On Command; 2 Rank & File Furlo and recruiting; 5 Rank & File Prisoners (1 in Provost included); 3 Serjeants, 2 Drummers, 57 Rank & File Total.

Captain DOYLE's Company



1 Captain, 1 Lieutenant, 1 Ensign, 2 Serjeants, 2 Drummers, 46 Rank & File Present; 4 Rank & File Sick Present in Camp; 5 Rank & File Sick in Hospital; 7 Rank & File On Command; 1 Rank & File Furlo and recruiting; 1 Serjeant Prisoner; 3 Serjeants, 2 Drummers, 56 Rank & File Total.

Captain KING's Company

1 Captain, 1 Lieutenant, 1 Ensign, 3 Serjeants, 2 Drummers, 41 Rank & File Present; 2 Rank & File Sick Present in Camp; 5 Rank & File Sick in Hospital; 7 Rank & File On Command; 1 Rank & File Furlo and recruiting; 2 Rank & File Prisoners (in Provost); 3 Serjeants, 2 Drummers, 58 Rank & File Total.

Captain BARRY's Company

1 Lieutenant, 1 Ensign, 2 Serjeants, 2 Drummers, 42 Rank & File Present; 1 Serjeant, 5 Rank & File Sick in Hospital; 4 Rank & File On Command; 4 Rank & File Furlo and recruiting; 1 Rank & File Prisoner; 3 Serjeants, 2 Drummers, 56 Rank & File Total.

Captain BLACKER's Company

1 Serjeant, 2 Drummers, 40 Rank & File Present; 1 Serjeant, 8 Rank & File Sick in Hospital; 1 Serjeant, 6 Rank & File On Command; 3 Rank & File Furlo and recruiting; 2 Rank & File Prisoners; 3 Serjeants, 2 Drummers, 59 Rank & File Total.

Ninth Company

1 Lieutenant, 1 Ensign, 2 Serjeants, 1 Drummer, 43 Rank & File Present; 1 Serjeant, 7 Rank & File Sick in Hospital; 1 Drummer, 6 Rank & File On Command; 1 Rank & File Prisoner; 3 Serjeants, 2 Drummers, 57 Rank & File Total.

Tenth Company

1 Ensign, 3 Serjeants, 2 Drummers, 41 Rank & File Present; 1 Rank & File Sick Present in Camp; 5 Rank & File Sick in Hospital; 5 Rank & File On Command; 2 Rank & File Furlo and recruiting; 2 Rank & File Prisoners; 3 Serjeants, 2 Drummers, 56 Rank & File Total.

Total

1 Colonel, 1 Lieut. Colonel, 1 Major, 4 Captains, 5 Lieutenants, 7 Ensigns, 1 Chaplain, 1 Adjutant, 1 Quarter Master, 1 Surgeon, 1 Mate, 23 Serjeants, 18 Drummers, 401 Rank & File Present; 1 Serjeant, 31 Rank & File Sick Present in Camp; 3 Serjeants, 1 Drummer, 58 Rank & File Sick in Hospital; 1 Serjeant, 1 Drummer, 45 Rank & File On Command; 1 Serjeant, 16 Rank & File Furlo and recruiting; 1 Serjeant, 21 Rank & File Prisoners (6 in Provost included); 30 Serjeants, 20 Drummers, 572 Rank & File Total.

N.B.



Of those returned Sick in Hospital

26 only are in the General Hospital, the

remainder in the Regimental Hospital.

The Above state is exactly conformable to the Muster Rolls.

W CHIPMAN Dpy. M M.

P Forces

(National Archives of Canada, Ward Chipman Papers, M.G. 23, D 1, Series I, Volume 30, part 1, page 156.) [Acquired from Todd Braisted on www.royalprovincial.com]

22 October: The Regiment is ordered to Halifax

Abstract

[sir Henry Clinton] to Brig. Gen. Francis Mclean.

1779, October 22. New York.—Secret. As the Admiral has decided to proceed to Halifax with the fleet, sends reinforcement of the 57th and the Volunteers of Ireland with companies of the 80th and 84th amounting to near 1500 men. To return these as soon as the Admiral thinks the season too advanced for an attack on the post, retaining the 4 companies of his own regiment and sending to New York Major Small's battalion of Royal Highland Emigrants.

Encloses for his consideration plan for incorporating the several Provincial Corps with McLean into two battalions.

(Carleton Papers, Copy. Vol. 21, #115. 2 pages, Copy)

Abstract

Sir Henry Clinton to Brig. General Stirling.

1779, October 22. Head Quarters, Denizis.—To proceed with the troops under his command—57th Regt., the Volunteers of Ireland, 4 companies of the 80th and one of the Royal Highland Emigrants— to Halifax and put himself under the orders of Brig. Genl. McLean. To return to New York when the Admiral and General think that post no longer threatened. The four companies of 80th Regt. are to be left at Halifax; the whole of the Emigrants brought to New York.

(Carleton Papers, Vol. 21, #116. 1 page, Copy)



1780

19 January: Regiment is elevated to the Establishment

Abstract:

Lord George Germain to Gen. Sir Henry Clinton.

1780, January 19. Whitehall.—No. 56. Satisfaction at the defence of Georgia &c.; arrangements against the French and Spanish West Indies; corps of Lord Rawdon, Lt. Col. Simcoe and Lt. Col. Turnbull to be on the establishment. Rank of Lt. Col. in America for Alexr Innes. Duplicate signed letter.

(Vol. 14, No. 82. 5 pages. Draft in the Public Record Office, Am. & W. 1. 137, fo. 1; copy 685, f0. 113; and in the Sackville MSS)

7 February: Arms issued

“7 February, Volunteers of Ireland: 50 Short Land Musquets”

(Frederick MacKenzie Papers, http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Revlist/message/116072)

Saint Patrick’s Day, March: Once again, the Volunteers celebrate Saint Patrick’s Day in good style, being serenaded by their sole piper, Barny Thompson

A St. Patrick's Day Song

New–York, March 18 [1780].

The Anniversary of Saint Patrick was yesterday celebrated with the wonted conviviality.

In the morning a most elegant breakfast and ball were given at Mr. HICK’s by the Members of the amiable Society of Friendly Brothers of St. Patrick to all the Officers of the Army and Navy and the Gentlemen of the City. In the afternoon many entertainments were likewise given, and the night closed with all the real jocundity which ever distinguished that brave & generous nation, Great Britain’s beloved Sister.

Yesterday, (in Honour of the Anniversary of ST. PATRICK, tutelar Saint of that Kingdom) the Regiment of VOLUNTEERS of IRELAND, quartered on Jamaica, (Long–Island) were munificently entertained by their Colonel, the Right Honourable Lord RAWDON.

A SONG,

Sung Yesterday at Jamaica before the Volunteers of Ireland, it being St. Patrick’s Day.

By BARNY THOMSON, Piper to that Regiment.

Tune—“Langolee.”



SUCCESS to the shamrogue, and all those who wear it,

Be honour their portion wherever they go,

May riches attend them, and store of good claret,

For how to employ them sure none better know;

Every foe surveys them with terror,

But every silk petticoat wishes them nearer,

So Yankee keep off, or you’ll soon learn your error,

For Paddy shall prostrate lay ev’ry foe.

This day, (but the year I can’t rightly determine)

St. Patrick the vipers did chase from this land,

Let’s see if like him we can’t sweep off the vermin

Who dare ‘gainst the sons of the shamrogue to stand;

Hand in hand! let’s carrol this chorus,

“As long as the blessings of Ireland hang o’er us,

“The crest of rebellion shall tremble before us,

“Like brothers while thus we march hand in hand!”

St. George & St. Patrick, St. Andrew, St. David,

Together may laugh at all Europe in arms,

Fair conquest her standard has o’er their heads waved

And glory has on them conferr’d all her charms!

War’s alarms! to us are a pleasure,

Since honour our danger repays in full measure,

And all those who join us shall find we have leisure,

To think of our sport ev’n in war’s alarms!

(The Royal Gazette, (New York), March 18, 1780.)

The Regiment mills around New York City before embarking for Charleston, SC

“March 6th I cross'd the ferry at Brooklyn & Came the Same evening to Jamaica, the Same day Lord Rawdon Came to Jamaica with his Regt. & Occupied the Hutts of the 22nd Regt

“March 28th The Volunteers of Ireland march to Brooklyn



”1st. Apl. the 38th Regt. Came to the Hutts V. Ireland.

“Apl. 8th. A Fleet Sail'd Supposed to be a reinforcement to Commander in Chief, then before C. Town.”

(Source: Diary of Henry Nase, King’s American Regiment; The New Brunswick Museum, Archives Division, Nase Family Papers; Transcribed by Todd Braisted)

“Continental Army, April 1, 1780, War Council

Head Quarters, Morris Town, April 1, 1780.

The General states to the Council that since they met on the 27th of last month, he has received

further accounts from New York, which appears authentic, that Lord Rawdon's34 Brigade, said to

consist of his own Regiment and of Brown's,35 Fanning's36 and another Corps; also Two Hessian Regiments and the 42d and another British Regiment, estimated at about 2500 rank and file, were preparing to embark and it was generally believed to reinforce the Army under Sir Henry Clinton at the Southward. Under this information and supposing that this embarkation should actually take place, The General requests the Council to advise him, whether a Detachment and to what amount should be sent from this Army to reinforce in the Southern States and at what period they should commence their march.

[Note 34: Francis, Lord Rawdon. He was colonel of Volunteers of Ireland, British Provincial Troops.]

[Note 35: Lieut Col. Thomas Brown, of the King's Carolina Rangers, British Provincial Troops.]

[Note 36: Col. Edmund Fanning, of the King's American Regiment, British Provincial Troops.]”

(Source: The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745-1799 John C. Fitzpatrick, Editor)http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/mgw:@field(DOCID+@lit(gw180215))

Siege of Charleston, SC, April-May:

Ammunition Needed

Ammuniton wanting to Compleat the Volunteers of Ireland, Commanded by the Right Honble Colonel Lord RAWDON, Charles Town Neck 23rd April 1780.

Sergeants Rank & File

Total 200 Rounds 700 Rounds

Musqt. Carts. 700

Carbine ditto 200 nil

Musquet Flints 700

N.B.

The Regt. was Compleated at Staten Island to 40 Rounds Pr. man 28th Feby. 1780


http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/mgw:@field(DOCID+@lit(gw180215))

http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/mgw:@field(DOCID+@lit(gw180215))#N0233-339




The Expenditure of the 700 Rounds, was by Recruits Practising at Sea on the Passage from New York. Flints wanting to Compleat 700

Wellbore Ellis DOYLE

Lt. Col. V I

Head Quarters 23d April 1780

Major TRAILE will be pleased to

order the above amunition & Flints to be issued

John DESPARD Dep. Ad. Gen.

Please to deliver

the above

P: TRAILE M: C: R: A:

University of Michigan, William L. Clements Library, Wray Papers, Volume 4.

Rawdon resigns army commission, May: In order that he might remain with the corps he loves so much, Lord Rawdon resigns his commission in the regular army.

Rawdon to Andre´

Camp at Silk Hope Plantation

May 21st 1780

Sir

I this morning had the Honor of receiving your letter of the 19th informing me that the Commander in Chief thought it proper for me to make option between my Brevet Rank in the Line, & my Provincial Commission.

I must acknowledge, Sir, that I feel this alternative to be peculiarly hard upon me. It was the Commander in Chief who proposed to me in 1778, the attempt of raising an Irish Regiment; as an expedient of public utility, by no means of private advantage; In that principle I adopted the plan; & on that principle, invariably, I have pursued it.

The great proportion of Irish in the Rebel Army & their constant desertion from those Provincial Corps into which upon their coming over to the British Troops they were generally enlisted, made it appear adviseable that a national Regiment should be formed; which might not only instigate them to quit the opposite party; but also, by retaining them, draw service to the King.

I happened at that period to be the highest in rank of that nation in the Army: It was thought that my name might be employed to advantage; I, flattered with the prospect of being useful, gave into



the scheme with all the zeal which an idea of public spirit usually awakens in an unexperienced mind.

It has been my misfortune to observe in the course of my undertaking, an appearance of a suspicion that my efforts tended to some personal advantage; & I have, in consequence, met many obstacles which I could not have expected.

I have, notwithstanding, completed my Regiment; I may assert that it is well disciplined; & it is appointed in a stile very different from that which the scantiness of the Establishment admits in other Provincial Corps.

This, Sir, you will suppose cannot have been done without heavy expence & very constant attention: But my end is in some degree answered; for the men are satisfied with their situation, & serve with that chearfulness which may invite others.

Having succeeded thus far, I am now instructed that I must either abandon a set of Men collected chiefly upon my name & justly looking up to me for support; or I must tear myself from that service which was my earliest pursuit, to which I had devoted all my study, & on which I had bent all my future hopes.

When I first got my Provincial Rank, it was inferior to that of Lieutenant Colonel in the British Army. In the latter capacity, I commanded all Colonels of Provincials; & from the great promotions after my appointment, I was senior to many Lieutenant Colonels in this Army.

The alteration, therefore, in Provincial Rank was detrimental to me; it gave me precedence of some Officers of the Line under whom I would wish to serve, but it subjected me to every Provincial Colonel except Lord CATHCART.

I must farther remark, that possessing no Regimental Commission in the Army, it is very unfortunate that the bare Brevet Rank which I had retained as a recompence (I looked upon it as such) for an application to business very prejudicial to my health, should disqualify me for service in a station of little pre–eminence & less emolument.

None of these circumstances being considered, I am directed, indiscriminately with others (who I understand in a very different predicament) to make a resignation of one of my Commissions.

To the British Service, I am bound by every tye of inclination, & habit, of connection; by every flattering prospect, & perhaps, by something of zeal: But to the Regiment which has been raised upon my faith, I feel that Faith pledged.

Therefore, Sir, with infinite pain, I do hereby resign to the Commander in Chief my Rank as Lieutenant Colonel in the Line; tho’ I confess I feel little less than if I was divorced forever from my Country.

It is true, I surrender nothing but the hope of serving in a future day; But to that hope I was so wedded, that it is difficult to reconcile my mind to the extinction of it.

My Provincial Rank will allow me for a time to consider myself as one amongst that set of Men whom I have loved & esteemed; but I shall look forward with a sigh to that period when the reduction of my Regiment shall make me say that I am no longer a Soldier.

I have the Honor to be

Sir



Your most obedt. Servt.

RAWDON

Colonel Vols. of Ireland

Major ANDRE´

Dep. Adj. General

(University of Michigan, William L. Clements Library, Sir Henry Clinton Papers, Volume 100, item 9.) [Acquired from Todd Braisted on www.royalprovincial.com]

13 June: Two soldiers in the Volunteers of Ireland are sentenced to 1,000 lashes each for the crime of desertion.

Head-Quarters Charlestown 13th June 1780

Prisoners try’d by the Genl. Court-Martial of which Major Wemys 63rd Regt. is President.

John Biggorn private Soldier in the Volunteers of Ireland try’d for desertion is found guilty & sentenced to receive 1000 lashes.

Joseph Fineday Soldier in the Volunteers of Ireland, try’d for desertion, is found guilty & sentenced to receive 1000 lashes.

(Source: Orderly Book of Royal Artillery Commissary of Stores George Wray, Charlestown, South Carolina, 16 May 1780 — 24 February 1781) [Acquired from Todd Braisted]

30 June: Captain John Doyle is appointed Brigade Major to Provincial Forces. Major Despard appears to head the collective recruiting parties.

Head-Quarters Charlestown 30th June 1780

Capn. [John] Doyle of the Volunteers of Ireland, is appointed Brigade Major to the Provincial Troops.


Garrison Orders 30th June 1780

All recruiting Parties without Exception are forthwith to join their Corps; The several Officers commanding them will march them to Major Despard’s Quarters in Broad Street to morrow morning between the hours of 8 & 10.




Germain assures Rawdon that his rank in the regular army is secure, July:

Extract of a Letter from George GERMAIN to Sir Henry CLINTON K.B. dated Whitehall 5th July 1780.

You will find by my Separate letter of Yesterday, that it is not His Majesty's Intention to confine you to so strict an observance of the general Rule of no Officers being permitted to hold Commissions in a Regular and Provincial Corps at the same time, as to prevent you from deviating from it in extraordinary Cases, and that your having done so in favor of Majors SIMCOE & TARLETON was approved by His Majesty.

I also informed you that the General Rule was not meant to affect the Brevet Rank of Officers; it is therefore a great Concern to me to find Lord RAWDON had resigned his Rank of Lieut. Colonel in the Army, when he made his Option of Colonel of Provincials.

The King is fully sensible to His Lordship's Merit and of the great Advantage which the Corps under his Command has derived from his Lordship's Attention to it, and is well pleased his Lordship has chosen to continue at the Head of it.

But His Majesty commands me [to] signify to you His Royal Pleasure, that you do immediately acquaint his Lordship that he still retains his Rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the Army.

(Great Britain, Public Record Office, Cornwallis Papers, PRO 30/11/3, folios 47-48.) [Acquired from Todd Braisted on www.royalprovincial.com]



Summer:

Thursday, 8 June: Winn leads militia under McClure and Bratton in a successful attack on Tory militia commanded by Col. Charles Coleman at Mobley’s Meeting House. The Tories are dispersed with some casualties, and the Whigs capture their provisions and arms.

(Winn, 1; Lipscomb, Names, 22:33; Ellet, Women, 1:240, 3:177; Ellet, Domestic History, 182-3) http://newacquisitionmilitia.com/THREE%20MONTHS%20IN%201780.htm

Cornwallis turns over command of the upstate to Lt. Col. Francis Lord Rawdon at Camden, leaves him with about 700 men, and returns to Charleston. Rawdon garrisons Camden with his own regiment, the Volunteers of Ireland, along with the 23rd and 33rd Regiments of Foot, the British Legion infantry, and several regiments of Loyalist militia. He supplies Rocky Mount with about 150 New York Volunteers commanded by Lt. Col. George Turnbull and a troop of British Legion dragoons under Capt. Christian Huck. Hanging Rock is garrisoned by Maj. John Carden and the Prince of Wales Regiment along with a detachment of British Legion infantry under Capt. Kenneth McCulloch.

(Tarleton, 85-7, 92; Boatner, 486, 919, 941, 1036) http://newacquisitionmilitia.com/THREE%20MONTHS%20IN%201780.htm

Saturday, 10 June: Rawdon arrives in the Waxhaw settlement in Lancaster County, sets up camp at Leslie’s House, and issues an address to the local inhabitants urging them to return to their plantations and accept British protection.

(Cornwallis Papers, PRO 30/11/2/123-5; Tarleton, 86) http://newacquisitionmilitia.com/THREE%20MONTHS%20IN%201780.htm

Sunday, 11 June: Huck arrives at Fishing Creek Church early Sunday morning, expecting to find Rev. Simpson and his congregation attending worship service. Huck finds the church empty because Simpson and most of the men in his congregation have joined McClure and Bratton’s militia company. Huck burns Simpson’s home, library and the meeting house. Ferguson’s Tories kill William Strong, a young rebel militiaman, and wound another during a raid on the neighboring home of Mrs. Janet Strong, a sister of Justice Gaston.

(Cornwallis Papers, PRO 30/11/2/158-9; Winn, 28; Draper MSS, 9VV12; Moore, 3-4) http://newacquisitionmilitia.com/THREE%20MONTHS%20IN%201780.htm

Rawdon issues a proclamation to the people of Charlotte, advising them to keep the peace and harvest their crops. He warns them of the consequences of armed resistance to the British. He writes Cornwallis and states that the Catawba Indians, fearing an attack by British troops and Cherokee Indians, have fled to NC with everything they could carry, and states that “the neighborhood is totally destitute of grain or any kind of dry forage.” (Cornwallis Papers, PRO 30/2/11/123-5, 127-8) http://newacquisitionmilitia.com/THREE%20MONTHS%20IN%201780.htm

Monday, 12 June: A group of Martin’s Covenanters assemble seven miles above Rocky Mount under Capt. Ben Land. They are attacked by British dragoons from Rocky Mount and dispersed;


http://newacquisitionmilitia.com/THREE%20MONTHS%20IN%201780.htm








Land is killed in a sword fight with the dragoons. Another party, assembled at a nearby blacksmith shop two miles away, are also attacked by the dragoons, and one Covenanter is killed. The dragoons proceeded to Martin’s home, arrest him, and take him to Rocky Mount where he is jailed.

(Ellet, Women, 3:164-5; Ellet, Domestic History, 182) http://newacquisitionmilitia.com/THREE%20MONTHS%20IN%201780.htm

The New Acquisition Regiment assembles at Hill’s Iron Works on Allison Creek, York County. One of Rawdon’s officers meets them there and attempts to persuade them to take British protection; instead, the men decide to continue their opposition to the British. They elect William Hill as colonel and Andrew Neal as lieutenant colonel to replace Watson and Bratton.

(Hill, 6-7) http://newacquisitionmilitia.com/THREE%20MONTHS%20IN%201780.htm

Saturday, 1 July: Georgetown surrenders to the British.


1 July:

I will give the inhabitants ten guineas for the head of any deserter belonging to the volunteers of Ireland ; and five guineas only if they bring him in alive.

(Source: George Washington Papers at the Library of Congress, 1741-1799: Series 4. General Correspondence. 1697-1799 “Francis Rawdon-Hastings to Henry Rugely, July 1, 1780”)

(Date approximate): Lord Rawdon begins sending emissaries into the rebel settlements, offering gold or “secret service money” in exchange for loyalty and information on rebel movements. (Cornwallis Papers, PRO 30/11/2/252-5; Moore, 2) http://newacquisitionmilitia.com/THREE%20MONTHS%20IN%201780.htm

Tuesday, 4 July: Sumter’s rebels camp on the east side of the Catawba River four miles from Old Nation Ford at Clem’s Branch. Turnbull reports that they number “600 strong,” although their actual numbers are probably less than half that figure.

(Cornwallis Papers, PRO 30/11/2/250-1; Winn, 4; Bass, 57) http://newacquisitionmilitia.com/THREE%20MONTHS%20IN%201780.htm

Rawdon sends Major Thomas Mecan and the 23rd Regiment of Foot from Camden up to the Waxhaws to reinforce that area.

(Cornwallis Papers, PRO 30/11/2/250-1) http://newacquisitionmilitia.com/THREE%20MONTHS%20IN%201780.htm












Friday, 7 July: Sumter receives intelligence that the British are at the Waxhaws; he moves down to that area, but finds that Mecan has left.

(Winn, 4) http://newacquisitionmilitia.com/THREE%20MONTHS%20IN%201780.htm

Rawdon complains to Cornwallis about the bad effects of Clinton’s June 3 proclamation. He reports that he has transferred Kinlock and Mecan to Hanging Rock and has attached Rugeley’s Camden militia regiment to Kinlock’s cavalry troop. He also notes that Turner’s militia (probably Col. W. T. Turner’s Rocky Mount militia) are “mostly with the rebels.” One of Rawdon’s “emissaries” named Lacey returns to Rawdon and gives him information on rebel activities. This “Lacey” is Edward Lacey Sr., a noted Loyalist and father of Capt. (later Col.) Edward Lacey, a prominent Patriot from Chester County.

(Cornwallis Papers, PRO 30/11/2/252-5; Moore, 2; Clark, 1:152) http://newacquisitionmilitia.com/THREE%20MONTHS%20IN%201780.htm

Wednesday, 12 July: The Whig militia attack Huck at daybreak and defeat the Loyalists. Huck and Ferguson are killed and Adamson is seriously wounded. Loyalists losses number 21 killed with 29 wounded and/or taken prisoner. Many of the militia flee the battlefield on foot. Ens. Cameron, Lt. Lewis, twelve dragoons and twelve militia return to Rocky Mount that morning, where they report to Turnbull on Huck’s defeat. At 1:00 PM Turnbull sends a preliminary report to Lord Rawdon in Camden, stating that “this is a very unfortunate affair.” Later that afternoon nine Volunteers and one dragoon make their way back to Rocky Mount, and at 9:00 PM Turnbull sends a second report to Rawdon, giving an update on the battle and his losses.

(Tarleton, 93; Hill, 9-11; Winn, 4-7; Collins, 26-7; Draper MSS, 5VV294-300; Moore, 4-7; Ellet, Women, 1:242-6) http://newacquisitionmilitia.com/THREE%20MONTHS%20IN%201780.htm

Rawdon writes Cornwallis informing him that DeKalb has rendezvoused with Maj. Gen. Richard Caswell, commander-in-chief of NC militia, at Coxe’s Settlement.

(Cornwallis Papers, PRO 30/11/2/294-5) http://newacquisitionmilitia.com/THREE%20MONTHS%20IN%201780.htm

Saturday, 15 July: McDowell sends 52 mounted men under Capt. Edward Hampton in pursuit of Dunlap. Hampton overtakes Dunlap near the present site of Shiloh Church in Inman, Spartanburg County, and launches a surprise attack in which eight Loyalists are killed. A running fight ensues as Hampton pursues Dunlap back to Fort Prince. When Dunlap reaches the saftey of the fort Hampton withdraws. Fearing an attack by McDowell, Innes evacuates the fort.

(Draper, King’s Mountain, 11; Lipscomb, Names, 22:35; Hope, 19) http://newacquisitionmilitia.com/THREE%20MONTHS%20IN%201780.htm

Lord Cornwallis in Charleston sends a letter to Sir Henry Clinton in New York, reporting intelligence from Lord Rawdon that DeKalb is at Coxe’s plantation on the Deep River in NC, and









states that Rawdon has posted Lt. Col. Webster at Hanging Rock. He also gives a report on Huck’s Defeat.


Hanging Rock, 6 August: Rawdon leads the LAV, BL, NCV and SC Rangers

(Source: Southern Campaigns of the Revolutionary War, Phase II: Research in Great Britain, Final Report for National Park Service, Southeast Region, Atlanta, Georgia, Evans-Hatch & Associates)

Battle of Camden, August: The Volunteers of Ireland distinguishes itself at the battle. Lord Rawdon awards a medal of Merit to one “Serjeant Hudson”.

Lord Cornwallis spurs the VOI on to victory:

“Our regiment was amazingly incited by Lord Cornwallis, who came up to them with great coolness, in the midst of a heavier fire than the oldest soldier remembers and called out ‘Volunteers of Ireland, you are fine fellows! Charge the rascals – by heaven you behave nobly!’”

(Source: Letter from an officer of the VOI, Scots Magazine, 1780, Vol. XLII p. 533; found in Fusiliers by Mark Urban)

Rawdon hangs 5 rebels accused of violating the terms of their parole – Sam Andrews, Josiah Gayle, John Miles, Eleazar Smith and Richard Tucker. (Source: Fusiliers by Mark Urban, p. 266 & 360)

Captain Vallancy draws a map of the engagement near Camden

October: Rawdon executes a deserter of the VOI

“In October 1780, he had executed a deserter from his own regiment, the Volunteers of Ireland, after he was captured in arms with the enemy.” (Source: Fusiliers by Mark Urban, p. 266-7 & 360)

Nov 23:Intelligence reports gathered by William Henry Harrington:

“GENL. H. W. HARRINGTON TO MAJOR GENL. GATES.

Camp near Kershaws Ferry, 23 of November, 1780.

Dear Sir:

...A British Deserter who left Cambden on Sunday last informs me that Lord Rawdon's Corps and about 80 of the 7th Regt. were busily employed making Redoubts that One had lately been made on the East Bank of the River & another at the Old Mill on the Cheraw Road; that Hamiltons & Innis' Corps were encamped three Miles up the Waxaw Road.”

(Colonial and State Records of North Carolina, Volume 14, Pages 748-749. Found at http://docsouth.unc.edu/csr/index.html/document/csr14-0661)


http://docsouth.unc.edu/csr/index.html/document/csr14-0661



18 December: Arms issued

“Volunteers of Ireland: 13 Carbines with iron rammers”

(Wray Papers, http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Revlist/message/116072)

1781

February

"Returning one day from a foraging Party,one of the Waggons, which was bringing a Mill, to grind the Corn, broke down,as it was not above one mile and a half from home, I left an Ensign, whose name was [Richard] Cooper [4th Battalion, New Jersey Volunteers], with 20 Men, to repair, & bring it on – our Men were but just in and began to dress their dinners; when we heard a centinal firing towards the Line in which he had been left; every Man was instantly in Arms. Suspecting the cause, which was confirmed by the Horses galloping home by themselves. We were soon up to the Spot which was but about a mile for having repaired the Cart, they were proceeding home; when Sumpter wholly surrounded them, & called to him to surrender; but forming his Men in a Circle, round the Trees nearest him, he replied Light Infantry never Surrender, and began firing as hard as they could-- seeing us approach, they quitted our Gallant Ensign, & formed to receive us. This business did not last long before they fled, leaving what killed and wounded may be seen by our returns. We took some Prisoners and 30 Horses. Lord Rawdon came the next day, & flattered his young Corps much, by his manner of thanking them, & took the particular notice of Mr. Cooper, he so well deserved..."

(Source: William L. Clements Library. Sir Henry ClintonPapers, Volume 232,item 21)

February 19-21, 1781 at Fort Granby (aka Congaree Fort), Lexington County, South Carolina - With the men he had collected earlier in the month, Sumter moved forward to attack Fort Granby below the Congaree River. The fort was a British post that protected a landing at Friday's Ferry on the Congaree River. The fort was garrisoned by a company of militia and 100 local militia, with the overall command by Maj. Andrew Maxwell. Wade Hampton, who owned a store in the area had earlier been contracted to supply Fort Granby with provisions. Hampton had, until this time, taken British protection, but he informed Sumter that the Fort was running low on stores. On the basis of this information, Sumter on the 16th, with 280-400 men, including as many as 250 from North Carolina, left his camp at on the Catawba with and moved toward Ft. Granby where Maj. Andrew Maxwell lay with a garrison of 300. He reached the fort and briefly laid siege to it on the 19th by having his men build some "Quaker" cannons, then demanded the surrender of the fort. He threatened to blow the fort to splinters. Maxwell knew that the cannons were fake and declined to surrender his fort. Sumter tried to assault the fort but was easily repulsed. He then surrounded the fort and laid down a slow continous rifle fire to harass the fort's garrison, at the same time he wrote Marion requesting reinforcements. Though Marion did reply, he would, or else could not help Sumter in the siege or his subsequent movements. Johnson says this siege



was the first occasion where the Maham tower was actually used. Bass qualifies this by implying it was of a more primitive sort than that later proposed by Maham. Rawdon, learning that Granby was in danger, dispatched Lieut. Col. Welbore Ellis Doyle from Camden with the Volunteers of Ireland relief force of 600 infantry, 200 cavalry, and 2 artillery pieces to attack Sumter. Doyle crossed the river 8 miles above Fort Granby, seized the fords above Friday's Ferry (apparently to cut off Sumter's retreat) before bearing down on him. Receiving word of Doyle’s approach, Sumter, on the night of the 20th, destroyed nearby provisions and other articles that would be of use to the British, then lifted the siege. By the morning of the 21st, after Doyle had crossed the river and arrived at the fort, Sumter had departed to attack Thompson’s Plantation down river. On the 1st of March, Col. Thomas Polk, in Salisbury, reported to Greene that Sumter " had moved to the Congaree [Ft. Granby]& had taken a small Number of British that lay there With about 500 Negroes and a deal of stores. It is Reported the Militia all turn out Wherever he Goes." Sumter only abandoned his siege of Granby only after Rawdon marched out of Camden with most of its garrison to relieve the fort. . Conclusion: British Victory.

(Source: http://www.myrevolutionarywar.com/battles/1781s.htm)

A captured VOI officer is returned to the regiment:

“Februarv 4th. 1781- An Officer of the Vols of Ireland was brought, by a Rebel flag, to George Town.”


Battle of Snow’s Island, March:

March 29, 1781 at Snows Island, Florence County, South Carolina - On March 29 ,While Marion had been dealing with Watson, [Lieut.] Col. Welbore Ellis Doyle, with the New York Volunteers, had been sent from Camden by Rawdon as the second prong of the plan to catch Marion. The date Doyle set out is not clear but sometime near the end of the month he attacked Marion's base at Snow's Island. Snows Island was located on the Pee Dee River. Doyle managed to capture the island. The islands defenders, commanded by Col. Hugh Ervin, destroyed all the carefully hoarded supplies and ammunition before they abondoned their position, Of this force, 7 were killed and 15 were captured, most of these were reportedly too ill to flee, while a remainder escaped. In the process Doyle liberated some prisoners including Cornet Merrit of the Queen's Rangers and 25 other men, while suffering 2 wounded. Ervin’s men did, however, have enough advanced notice to be able to throw supplies and ammunition in the river. Conclusion: British Victory.


Witherspoon’s Ferry, April:


http://www.myrevolutionarywar.com/battles/1781s.htm



April 3, 1781 Ambush at Witherspoon's Ferry, Florence County, South Carolina - After the raid on Snow’s Island, Doyle retraced his steps six or seven miles to Witherspoon's Ferry where he camped on the north bank of Lynches River. When Marion returned he camped at Indiantown, at which time his force had dropped down to about 70 men. Even so, on April 3, Brig. Gen. Francis Marion ordered Lt. Col. Hugh Horry to take his mounted infantry to travel to Whig's Plantation. At the plantation, Col. William E. Doyle had some foragers there collecting food for the troops. When Horry arrived at the plantation, they engaged the British, killing 9 men and capturing 16 men. The Patriots pursued the fleeing British to Witherspoon's ferry. There, they caught the British rear guard scuttling the ferryboat. The Patriots fired on the Loyalists. Doyle quickly formed his men along the bank of the Lynches River and delivered a volley of musket fire on the Patriots. After this firing, the British gathered up their belongings and headed towards the Pee Dee River. Doyle is said to have lost 9 killed or wounded, and 15 or 16 taken prisoner in the encounter. Either just before or after this event, Marion was joined by a reinforcement under Col. Able Kolb to assist against Doyle The latter, however, made haste to withdraw, destroyed his heavy baggage, and retired to Camden. Conclusion: American Victory. Casualties: American: ?; British: 9k, 2w, 16c


Logtown, SC, April:

19-21 April, 1781, Skirmishes at Logtown, Kershaw County, South Carolina - On the 19th, Greene's army marched to "Sands Hills," (Hobkirk’s Hill), within a two miles, of Camden where he camped. By evening, his light troops then skirmished some of Rawdon’s forces, including some of the New York Volunteers, and the Volunteers of Ireland, outside the Camden fortifications (i.e. Logtown.) for the next couple days.

Greene wrote to Lee on this date: “We are within two Miles of Camden and shall march to LogTown in the morning which is within half a mile of their advance works.” On the 24th, He wrote Huntington: “We began our march from Deep River the 7th, and arrived in the neighborhood of Camden the 19th. All the Country through which we past is disaffected, and the same Guides and escorts were necessary to collect Provisions and forage, as if in an open and avowed Enemies Country. On our arrival at Camden we took post at Logtown, about half a mile, in front of their Works, which upon reconnoitering were found to be much stronger that had been represented, and the garrison much larger…Our force was too small either to invest or storm the Works, which obliged us to take a position a little distance from it.”

Kirkwood: "19 [April] Marched within 4 miles of Camden, took Eleven of the Enemy prisoners....15 [miles] This evening Genl. Green gave me orders if possible to take possession of Logtown, which was in full view of Camden & if I could take it, to mentain (sic) it until (sic) further orders, Leaving Camp about 8 at night, arrived before the town between 9 & 10 and about 12 Oclock got full possession of the place, A scattered firing was kept up all night, And at sun rise next morning , had a sharp schirmage, Beat in the Enemy, About two hours afterwards had the Very agreeable Sight of the advance of the Army. 20th. This day Col. Washington with my Infantry went Westerly round Camden, Burnt a house in one of the Enemys Redoubts on the Wateree River; took 40 horses and fifty Head of cattle and returned to Camp....4 [miles].”

Seymour: "On the nineteenth April, 1781, we encamped before Campden, after a march of one hundred and sixty-four miles. We took this day eleven of the enemy prisoners, who were straggling through the country. The same night Captain Kirkwood, being detached off with his




infantry, in order to take post before Campden, accordingly having arrived there about ten o'clock, drove in their picquets and took his post near the town till morning." Conclusion: British Victory.


Battle of Hobkirk’s Hill, 25 April:

“Apl. 22d. 1781 - About 6 oClock evening, the Rebels Attackd. the Mill, where only an Offr. & Eighteen men were Posted, with some Militia, the Lt. Infy. Compy. of the Voluns. of Ireland was sent down, who soon repulsed them -

“Apl. 25th. 1781 Lord Rawdon, march'd with 900 men, from the Garrison, & Attackd. Mr. Green at Log Town, who had About 5000, the fight was Obstinate for Some Minutes, when the Rebels were Charg'd, with Such Spirit, by our little Army, that, a total Rout ensued, which was followed by our Troops, for Near Two Miles, when Excessive heat & fatigue Obliged them to give up the Pursuit, the number Kill'd of the Rebels is not Known, tho from there own Accou[n]ts over 300, About 120 Prisrs. were Taken -

“Our loss was inconsiderable.”


27 April: “A villain of a drummer went in to the enemy on the evening of the 24th, when we were encamped within a mile of the town, and gave them such information of our circumstances, opposition and numbers, as induced Lord Rawdon to sally with all his best troops the next morning about eleven o'clock. This was what we wished, and the only hope we had of a speedy reduction of the post.”

(Letter from Otho H. Williams to his brother Elie Williams, 27 April 1781, in Potter's American Monthly IV: 101-104, http://southerncampaign.org/hobkirk/ps.html)

On April 25, just before dawn, Rawdon led 900 troops northwest from Camden toward Hobkirk's Hill.

(http://www.myrevolutionarywar.com/battles/810425B.htm)

Rawdon executes a Maryland drummer called Jones, who had deserted, told Rawdon that Greene did not have cannon, and then when it was learned Greene did have cannon, Rawdon ordered him to be hanged. http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Revlist/message/88184

**See Spring, With Zeal and With Bayonets Only, pp. 58, 69-70, 98, 157, 272-3, 279)

“27th. Apl. The Rebels Seam to be Collecting at Rudgleys Mills, 8 Miles from Camden; we remain'd in our battle Positions, the Troops were every Night on the field, lying on their Arms –“



http://www.myrevolutionarywar.com/battles/810425B.htm

http://southerncampaign.org/hobkirk/ps.html




Raid, 27-28 April:

27-28 April 1781, Raid & The Death of Abel Kolb, Marlboro County, South Carolina - On the night of 27-28 April, South Carolina militia leader Col. Abel Kolb, known for his relentless suppression of the loyalists around Drowning Creek and the upper Pee Dee, was captured at his home, by 50 North Carolina loyalists. The latter had gathered on Catfish Creek and were led by Capt. Joseph Jones. In the course of what took place, Kolb was shot by one of the loyalists and his home burned down. The action was probably in retaliation for Kolb’s killing of John Deer and hanging of Caleb Williams at Hulin’s Mill a few days earlier. Afterward, Kolb's death seemed to have emboldened many of the loyalists in the Drowning Creek region. Although Kolb may correctly be seen to have been at times ruthless himself in his methods, nevertheless, he was a formidable militia leader and was of significant assistance in reinforcing Marion after Doyle’s raid on Snow’s Island, sending men to Marion when the latter was before Fort Watson, and in keeping down the loyalists to the north of Marion’s operations generally. Conclusion: British Victory.


Skirmish at Friday’s Ferry, 1 May:

May 1, 1781 Skirmish at Friday's Ferry, Lexington County, South Carolina - On May 1, Some loyalists guarding Friday's Ferry, near Ft. Granby, were surprised by a group of dragoons under Col. Wade Hampton. Bass says Henry Hampton, while Sumter’s report to Greene of May 2nd says merely “Col Hampton.” 13 loyalists were killed. As well, Hampton attacked another small detachment on their way to the fort and another 5 were killed. Numbers of men involved on both side s is not recorded but he number was probably few. Before openly taking side with the whigs, Wade Hampton owned and ran a “store” in the area, which the British subsequently confiscated. In the same letter reporting this skirmish, Sumter said: “The Hessian horse is Gone Downwards Except Twenty five that Crosed from the fort at Motts & Went in to Camden With Majr Doyl [John Doyle].” Conclusion: American Victory


Sawney’s (or Sandy) Creek, 8 May:

May 8, 1781 at Sawney's Creek (also Sandy Creek), Kershaw County, South Carolina - On the night of the 7th, Rawdon crossed the Wateree Ferry and moved to attack what he thought was the main American force at Sawney Creek, but which, as it turned out, was only the light infantry and cavalry pickets of the American army. On May 8, Maj. Gen. Nathaniel Greene moved his Patriot force to Sawney's Creek after finding out that a British force, commanded by Brig. Gen. Francis Rawdon, had arrived in Camden. In the morning, Rawdon marched his force to Wateree Ferry. He followed Greene to the lower side of Sawney's Creek, a rough area of pine and oak trees, where his advance troops met the pickets of Lt. Col. George Washington's dragoons. A





short skirmish ensued, with the pickets being driven away. Both Greene and Rawdon withdrew their forces without any more engagements. Finding Greene’s position too strong, Rawdon withdrew back to Camden.

Rawdon, in his letter of May 24th to Cornwallis wrote: “Whilst, upon that principle, I waited for my expected succours, Gen. Greene retired from our front, and, crossing the Wateree, took a position behind Twenty-five Mile Creek. On the 7th of May, Lieutenant-colonel Watson joined me with his detachment, much reduced in number through casualties, sickness, and a reinforcement which he had left to strengthen the garrison at George Town. He had crossed the Santee near its mouth, and had recrossed it a little below the entrance of the Congaree. On the night of the 7th, I crossed the Wateree at Camden ferry, proposing to turn the flank and attack the rear of Greene's army, where the ground was not strong, though it was very much so in front. The troops had scarcely crossed the river, when I received notice that Greene had moved early in the evening, upon getting information of my being reinforced, I followed him by the direct road, and found him posted behind Sawney's creek. Having driven in his pickets, I examined every point of his situation; I found it every where so strong, that I could not hope to force it without suffering such loss as must have crippled my force for any future enterprise; and the retreat lay so open for him, I could not hope that victory would give us any advantage sufficiently decisive to counterbalance the loss. The creek (though slightly marked in the maps) runs very high into the country. Had I attempted to get round him, he would have evaded me with ease; for, as his numbers still exceeded mine, I could not separate my force to fix him in any point, and time (at this juncture most important to me) would have been thus unprofitably wasted. I therefore returned to Camden the same afternoon, after having in vain attempted to decoy the enemy into action, by affecting to conceal our retreat.” Conclusion: Draw


8th. May - Lord Rawdon marchd. About 1400 men to Camden, Crossd. the fery, in hopes of bringing Mr. Greene to Renew the Action; but as he had Posted himself in Such an Advantagious manner, his Lordship did not think it Practicable to Attack him, he however made Several Maneovres, in order to Draw him from his Advantagious Position, but to no Purpose, the 25th. being fresh in their Memory, they declin'd having any confrontation with his Lordship - The whole Return'd the Same Evening; Lt. Colo. Campbell, with the Ks. A. Regt. Remain'd in Camden.


Rawdon abandons Camden, 10 May:

May 10, 1781, Camden, South Carolina - Rawdon abandoned Camden, burning stores and baggage he could not take with him. As well, he damaged cannon so they were not usable and set fire to many of the buildings. When Greene retook Camden he reported on 14 May to Samuel Huntington that Rawdon "left all our men, wounded on the 25th [Hobkirk's Hill], amounting to Thirty one and fifty eight of their own and three Officers who were all too badly wounded to be moved." After Rawdon abandoned Camden, Greene sent a detachment into the town and moved with his army toward Friday's Ferry, he called an escort of dragoons and met Lee and Marion at




Fort Motte after the fort surrendered and he had made camp at Widow Weston's near McCord's Ferry. Conclusion: American Victory.


“May 10th. 1781 - The Town was Evacuated”


July, Rawdon gives his input regarding the case of Isaac Hayne, a farmer who, after accepting British protection, was captured bearing arms in the rebel militia:

“By all the recognized laws of war, nothing was requisite in the case of Hayne, but to identify his person previous to hanging him from the next tree.”

(Source: Fusiliers by Mark Urban, p. 266-7 & 360; memoirs of the War in the Southern Department of the United States, Henry Lee, p. 463)

25 June: Lord Rawdon is among those persons toasted during a St. John’s Day celebrations

"Moreover, a record survives of a 'St. Johns Day' festival celebrated by the Master and brethren of Lodge No. 210 on 25 June, 1781, while the British Army was in occupation of New York. According to this record, toasts were drunk:

To the King and the craft,

The Queen, with masons' wives

Sir Henry Clinton and all loyal Masons

Admiral Arbuthnot… and all distressed Masons

Generals Knyphausen and Reidesel … and visiting Brethren

Lords Cornwallis and Rawdon… with Ancient Fraternity”

(Source: Michael Baigent and Richard Leigh, The Temple and the Lodge, p. 218, New York, 1989, [Endnote: LaFontain, "Benjamin Franklin", p. 31, quoting Gaine's Mercury, 2 July, 1781])

August/September: Lord Rawdon sails for England, but his ship is captured in short order by the French and he is diverted to France. He later is paroled and sails for England. He spends the rest of the war in England and Ireland.

20 August 1781L Arms issued




“Volunteers of Ireland: 56 British Musquets with iron rammers”


30 August 1781: Arms issued

“Volunteers of Ireland: 25 British Musquets”


23 December: The Volunteers of Ireland is substantially weakened to approximately 100 men in Charleston, SC.

(“An Estimate of the Enemy’s Forces in, & expected at Charlestown Dec. 23d 81.~”, Papers of the Continental Congress, NARA M247, Virginia State Papers, Volume 2, pg. 355; Found at http://www.footnote.com/image/#220430)

1782

29 January: Action near Charleston, SC

Lieut. Gen. Alexr. Leslie to Sir Henry Clinton. 1782, January 29.

Camp near Charles Town.—Sir,—Having received such information of General Marian's situation on the north side of the Cooper as to induce me to detach against him, a party under the command of Major Brereton, consisting of the cavalry, flank corps & volunteers of Ireland, was crossed to Daniel's Island, and moved from thence; a small corps under Capt. Roberts, of the 63rd Regt. marched also from Haddul's Point, the whole to form a junction and proceed against the enemy; but they having got intelligence of our design, and it being apprehended they would in consequence retire, it was thought advisable to send on the cavalry; they were accordingly pushed forward, & found the enemy to the number of 400 drawn up on horse back to receive them, seventy of the cavalry under Major Coffin charged with great gallantry, cut to pieces and took near 100 of the rebels; the whole returned to their different stations the proceeding day, with the loss of Capt. Campbell of the South Carolina Regt., killed, and Capt. Canipbel of the same Regt. and two privates, wounded. On the 13th of December I received intelligence, of Mr. Green's intentions of detaching a very strong corps against Major Craig (who was judiciously posted at William Gibb's on John's Island), supported by his whole army, which had crossed the Eddisto for that purpose, and moved towards Stono. Notwithstanding their great superiority I am sensible they would not have succeeded in their attempt, which was 'Hazardous, tho' well concerted, yec very little was to be gained by their defeat, which must have been partial, and so many circumstances concurring to induce me to prevent the attempt, that I ordered the Island to be evacuated; Major Craig crossed that night, and the following day to Perrineau's on James Island, and took post there, near to the four redoubts Colonel Moncrief had previously directed to be constructed for the more effectual security of that Island. I must add, the quitting of John's Island,


http://www.footnote.com/image/#220430


tho' under the circumstances I have described, was well conducted, and effected without any loss. A few of the enemy appeared as the rear had finished its embarkation.

'' The rebels left the Island immediately, much disappointed. They lay some days near Jacksonbourgh. Mr. Greene has since moved back and recrossed the Eddisto, occupying nearly his former position; some of his cavalry and light troops are advanced towards Beacon Bridge, with a few of the former on this side, for the purpose of patroling.

"B. General Marian's people are strongly posted on the borders of a swamp, near to Strawberry Ferry—suspicious and jealous of our intentions. "General Wayne march'd about a fortnight past, towards Georgia, with a corps of cavalry and infantry. I sent Colonel Moncrief immediately on learning it, to Savanah to put the works there in the best possible state of defence, leaving to his excellent judgement the making such additions as he should think necessary. I expect much from the spirit and alacrity his presence will diffuse thro' all ranks in that place, & I cannot omit expressing to your Excellency the high sense I entertain, and the acknowledgements that are due to that gentleman for his very great alacrity on this occasion. "I am to inform you, Sir, that one hundred and fifty men have been sent to Georgia, principally recruits and recovered men belonging to the corps there. "The Garrison Company is still stationed at Fort Arbuthnot, now consisting of about 170 men; they are settled with by their late corps. I have attached Lieutenant Cameron to that company— an officer from half pay ; he has been often wounded, and repeatedly made prisoner by the enemy. Captain Brown having brought no subaltern officer with him, will explain to your Excellency the necessity for this appointment. "At the request of Major Craig, commanding on John's Island, a General Court Martial was directed to set there, for the tryal of several most desperate and daring villains, who had made a practice of plundering the inhabitants ; it becoming absolutely necessary to check so violent a breach of good order and discipline, I was under the necessity of ordering one of the two condemned to die, for immediate execution. He was a Serjeant of the Legion. I have the honor," &c. Autograph signed letter.

(Carleton Papers, Vol. 23, #52. (6 pages))

Elevation to the Establishment: The Volunteers of Ireland are placed on the regular establishment and numbered the 105th Regiment.

3rd August 1782

General Orders

His Majesty having thought proper to place the Volunteers of Ireland upon the Irish Establishment; The Officers and Non:Commissioned Officers of that Corps will hold themselves in readiness to embark for that Kingdom-

(University of Michigan, William L. Clements Library, Carleton Orderly Book.)

25 October: The regiment is drafted to other regiments



“25th. Octr. 1782 - The Volunteers of Ireland are drafted this morning –“


21 August, Petition by Mrs. Elizabeth [Ensign Charles Davys] Whitley:

Witness for Mrs. Whitley

I do hereby Certify that no Warrant has been Issued to Mrs. Elizabeth WHITLEY Widow of the late Ensign Charles Davys WHITLEY of the Volunteers of Ireland for the Payment of the Kings Royal bounty to the Widows of Officers Killed in Action between the Periods of Augst. 16th 1780 & 10th of June 1782 in the District of South Carolina.

Given under my Hand at New York August 21st 1782

Dd. THOMAS

D.P.G.

(Source: Great Britain, Public Record Office, Headquarters Papers of the British Army in America, PRO 30/55/5363.)

10 December: American Intelligence finds that part of the Volunteers of Ireland has been drafted into the combined corps of the King’s Rangers and Georgia Loyalists. Total strength comes to about 350 men.

(Source: American Intelligence, December 10, 1782, Estimate of British Troops - GW Papers Series 4 Image 351; Found at http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=mgw4&fileName=gwpage089.db&recNum=350&tempFile=./temp/~ammem_ZdZl&filecode=mgw&next_filecode=mgw&prev_filecode=mgw&itemnum=2&ndocs=100)

December: Volunteers of Ireland is placed on the British Establishment and numbered the 105 th

Regiment

1783

Captain Barry appeals to Clinton, n.d.:

To His Excellency Sir Henry Clinton, Knight of the Most Honorable Order of the Bath, General and Commander in Chief of His Majesty's Forces in North America &ca &ca &ca

The Memorial of Captain William BARRY of the Volunteers of Ireland

Most Respectfully Sheweth

That the Right Honorable Lord RAWDON some Time in the Month of April last proposed to Memorialist in Lieut. Col. DOYLE's Quarters in Jamaica on Long Island to dispose of his Commission for which he would get him the Sum of Five Hundred Guineas.


http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=mgw4&fileName=gwpage089.db&recNum=350&tempFile=./temp/~ammem_ZdZl&filecode=mgw&next_filecode=mgw&prev_filecode=mgw&itemnum=2&ndocs=100




That Lieutenant Charles BINGHAM of said Regiment who was to become the Purchaser and recommended as Memorialist is informed to Your Excellency to succeed Memorialist and who is now in this City, has never paid one Shilling of said Sum.

That therefore Memorialist most Respectfully prays Your Excellency will be pleased to order that he may be paid said Sum in Pursuance of the Agreement aforesaid or be at Liberty to dispose of his said Commission to such other Gentleman as Your Excellency shall think proper, or that Memorialist may reassume the Command of his said Company, though Memorialist is certain form the former Behaviour of Lieutenant Col. DOYLE he would not be permitted to enjoy the Happiness in said Regiment that he might have otherwise expected.

The Memorialist shall only farther add that Nothing but the bad Treatment he received from Messrs. DOYLE could induce him to think of quitting the Service or of accepting of so small a Sum as that he is to receive for his Commission, and that he quitts a Service where Your Excellency has the Supreme Command with a most particular Regret.

William BARRY, Capn. V. I

[no date]

(Source: University of Michigan, William L. Clements Library, Sir Henry Clinton Papers, Volume 221, item 13.)



Sources:


REFERENCES

Bass, Robert D. Gamecock: The Life and Campaigns of General Thomas Sumter. Orangeburg: Sandlapper Publishing Company, 2000 (reprint of 1961 edition published in New York by Holt, Rinehart and Winston).

Boatner, Mark III. Encyclopedia of the American Revolution. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1994.

Clark, Murtie June. Loyalists in the Southern Campaign of the American Revolution. 3 vols. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1981.

Collins, James, and John M. Roberts (ed.) Autobiography of a Revolutionary Soldier. New York: Arno Press, 1979.

Cornwallis Papers, Public Record Office, Kew, Surry, England. Series 30/11/2. Microfilm copy at South Carolina Department of Archives and History, Columbia, SC.

Craig, John. “The War in York and Chester.” Chester (SC) Standard, March 16, 1854.

Davie, William Richardson, and Blackwell P. Robinson (ed.). The Revolutionary War Sketches of William R. Davie. Raleigh: North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Division of Archives and History, 1976.

Draper, Lyman C. King’s Mountain and Its Heroes. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1967 (reprint of 1881 edition published in Cinncinatti).

Draper, Lyman C. Thomas Sumter Papers, Draper Manuscript Collection. State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Microfilm copy at Dacus Library, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC.

Ellet, Elizabeth F., Domestic History of the American Revolution. New York: Charles Scribner, 1859.

Ellet, Elizabeth F., The Women of the American Revolution. 3 vols. New York: Charles Scribner, 1853-4.

Gaston, Joseph. “A Reminiscence of the Revolution.” The Southern Presbyterian, May 22, 1873.

Hill, William, and A. S. Salley, Jr. (ed.). Col. William Hill’s Memoirs of the Revolution. Columbia: The State Company, 1921.

Hope, Wes. The Spartanburg Area in the American Revolution. Spartanburg: privately printed, 2002.

Lipscomb, Terry W. “South Carolina Revolutionary Battles Part Two.” Names in South Carolina. 21 (Winter 1974): 23-7.

Moore, Maurice A. Life of General Edward Lacey. Ed. Elmer O. Parker. Greenville: A. Press, 1981 (reprint of 1859 edition printed in Spartanburg, SC, by Douglas, Evins & Co.)

Tarleton, Banastre. A History of the Campaigns of 1780 and 1781 in the Southern Provinces of North America. North Straftord, NH: Ayer Company, 1999 (reprint of 1787 edition printed in London by T. Cadell)




Winn, Richard. Gen. Winn’s Notes, Campaign 1780. Peter Force Papers, Series 7E. Reel 3 of 56, Microfilm No. 19,061, Library of Congress.

http://www.royalprovincial.com/military/musters/voi/mrvoiman.htm

http://www.royalprovincial.com/military/rhist/voi/voilist.htm

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=rawdon+site:royalprovincial.com&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&oq=&gs_rfai=

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=ireland+site:royalprovincial.com&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&oq=&gs_rfai=

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/gwhtml/gwhome.html

The writings of George Washington, Volume 7


http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/gwhtml/gwhome.html





http://www.royalprovincial.com/military/rhist/voi/voilist.htm

http://www.royalprovincial.com/military/musters/voi/mrvoiman.htm

history of the volunteers of ireland 1778-1783

Documents

volunteers of ireland

doyle volunteers of

volunteers of irelandsept

volunteers of ireland1778

natives of ireland

lord germain

corps of loyalists

provincial corps