history of science and technolog unit 3 plan and policies

By Poornima Rawat 1

HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

By Poornima Rawat 2

UNIT III

“Policies and Plans after Independence”

By Poornima Rawat 3

FORMULATION

National Planning Committee

Gandhian stream

Handicrafts,artisian, village

and cottage industries

Socialist

Socialist system,capitalism,

state control

Industrialist

Tata Birla Plan, Export of

technology

Foreigner

Expand Investment, Future Market

Policies,Local Financiers,

Industrialist

People from different four categories came with their opinion for the formulation of National Planning Committee. But when Pt.Nehru took the charge of NPC. He plan out the structure of NPC to satisfy all peoples belonging to all category like Socialist, Industrialist, foreigner and gandhian stream.

By Poornima Rawat 4

FORMULATION

1938 Nation Planning committee

M. Visvesvaraya (Head)

Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru(Head)

After all framework time came and Mr.M Visvesvaraya elected as Head of the National Planning Committee. After that Mr. Subhash Chandra Bose & Mr. Meghnad Saha approached Mr.Visvesvaraya to leave the position of being head of the planning

committee and appoint Mr JL Nehru as new Head of the NPC. Being Generous Mr.Visvesvaraya Welcomed Pt. Nehru as new chief .

By Poornima Rawat 5

WHY NEHRU ?

• Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru• Had a Scientific Training

Retained Interest in Science Friendship with European Scientist

• Political Involvement & Social Ideology, He believed using Capitalistic System not for profit

but for solving social problems & furthermore meeting developing nation’s requirement.

By Poornima Rawat 6

PLANNING COMMISSION15 MARCH 1950

• Planning Commission formed by the resolution of Government of India.

• Reporting directly to Prime Minister of India.• Five Year Plans Started to Implement from 1951.• PLAN :- A Plan is a deliberate attempt to spell out how the

resources of a country should be put to use. It has some general and specific goals, which are to be achieved within a specific period of time.

• General goals :- growth, modernization, full employment, self-reliance and equity.

By Poornima Rawat 7

NEHRU’S VISION OF SCIENCE FOR INDEPENDENT INDIA• The Development which took place in India was a result of the interaction of these four trends of thought and the Pulls and pressures these exerted at various levels and through different forums. •However, one person who shaped and guided the development of science and technology, in the context of the situation and despite various pressures, sometimes giving in on many occasions having his way, was JAWAHAR LAL NEHRU.

By Poornima Rawat 8

NEHRU’S VISION OF SCIENCE FOR

INDEPENDENT INDIA• His Aim was to foster, Promote and sustain the cultivation of science and scientific research in the country and to encourage individual initiative for dissemination of scientific knowledge, recognise the work of research scientists, and ensure that the creative talent of men and women was encouraged to find full scope in scientific activity; above all to secure for the people of the country all the benefits that could secure from the acquisition and application of scientific knowledge.

By Poornima Rawat 9

FIVE YEAR PLAN

Science & Technology developments during the Five Plan

(1951 -2017)

By Poornima Rawat 10

FIRST PLAN (1951-1956)

•Setting up the new national Laboratories.•Many irrigation projects were initiated during this period, including the Bhakra Dam and Hirakund Dam.• At the end of the plan period in 1956, five Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) were started as major technical institutions.


FIRST PLAN (1951-1956) CTND…..

•University Grant Commission(UGC) was set up to take care of funding and take measures to strengthen the higher education in the country.


SECOND PLAN (1956-1961)

•Hydroelectric power projects and five steel mills at Bhilai, Durgapur, and Rourkela were established. •Coal production was increased. •More railway lines were added in the north east. •The Atomic Energy Commission was formed in 1957 with Homi J. Bhabha as the first chairman.


SECOND PLAN (1956-1961)

•The Tata Institute of Fundamental Research was established as a research institute.• In 1957 a talent search and scholarship program was begun to find talented young students to train for work in nuclear power.


THIRD PLAN (1961-1966)

•The third plan stressed on agriculture and improving production of rice.•Many cement and fertilizer plants were also built.•Punjab began producing an abundance of wheat.


•Many primary schools were started in rural areas.•State electricity boards and state secondary education boards were formed.


FOURTH PLAN (1969-1974)

•Green Revolution in India advanced agriculture.• Priority areas identified under the plan were steel , chemicals and instruments.•Space Sciences also received the specific attention of the government.


FIFTH PLAN (1974-1979)

•The plan also focused on self-reliance in agricultural production and defense. •Electricity Supply Act was enacted in 1975, which enabled the Central Government to enter into power generation and transmission .•NISSAT was set up under DST to work in the field of dissemination of Scientific Information.


SIXTH PLAN (1980-1985)

•The Indian national highway system was introduced for the first time and many roads were widened to accommodate the increasing traffic.•The Technology Policy Statement 1983 was Introduced.•New Research Institution for the research in the field of Plasma Physics

ImmunologyApplied Microbiology


SEVENTH PLAN (1985-1989)•The plan lay stress on improving the productivity level of industries by up gradation of technology.•The thrust areas of the 7th Five year plan have been enlisted below: •Using modern technology Agricultural development Full supply of food, clothing, and shelter Increasing productivity of small and large scale farmers .•Making India an Independent Economy


EIGHTH PLAN (1992-1997)

•CSIR ‘s Labs Introduced so Many Recent Technologies in the Field of Agriculture.•1993 Technology Policy Statement was released with the aim of giving a renew sense of purpose to indigenous technology


NINTH PLAN (1997 - 2002)•Ninth Five Year Plan called for environment consciousness to be worked into Scientific Processes so that clean and Eco Friendly Technologies could be built.


TENTH PLAN (2002-2007)• The main objectives of the 10th Five-Year Plan were All children in India in school by 2003; all children to complete 5 years of schooling by 2007•Thrust Area were Information Technology, Bio Technology• Increase in forest and tree cover to 25 per cent by 2007 and 33 per cent by 2012.All villages to have sustained access to potable drinking water within the Plan period


TENTH PLAN (2002-2007)…….PAGE 2

•Cleaning of all major polluted rivers by 2007 and other notified stretches by 2012.


ELEVENTH PLAN (2007-2012) •Ensure electricity connection to all villages and BPL households by 2009 and round-the-clock power. •Connect every village by telephone by November 2007 and provide broadband connectivity to all villages by 2012.•SERB took over the role of Science and Engineering Research Council.


TENTH PLAN(2002-2007)

•Application oriented R & D for Technology generation.•So Many scholarship program were introduced to promote student making their career in science.•Preserve country’s rich Traditional knowledge.• IT, Bio technology, Agro Based Industrial Reseach.


ELEVENTH PLAN(2007-2012)•National Innovation Policy to Encourage competition among Enterprises.•Centres of Relevance and excellence (CORE)in Academic and R & D Institutions.•SERB was established taking over the role of the Science and Engineering Research Council(SERC)• INSPIRE Program launched.


TWELFTH PLAN (2012-2017)•NITI (National Institution for Transforming India) •S & T as Integral component in any National Development Process.•Partnership with High Value Global Mega Projects.•Peta scale Supercomputing Facilities Climate Modelling

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S & T POLICIES IN

INDEPENDENT INDIA


THE POLICIES

•The Science Policy 1958•The Science Policy Statement of 1983•Technology Policy 1993•The Science Policy Resolution of 2004•Science, Technology and Innovation Policy (STI 2013)


OBJECTIVES FOR SCIENTIFIC POLICIES

THE SCIENCE POLICY 1958•The Government of India have accordingly decided that the aims of their scientific policy will be - to foster, promote, and sustain the cultivation of science, and scientific research in all its aspects - pure, applied, and educational.


POLICIES

•to ensure an adequate supply, within the country, of research scientists of the highest quality, and to recognize their work as an important component of the strength of the nation;


POLICIES

•to encourage, and initiate, with all possible speed programmes for the training of scientific and technical personnel, on a scale adequate to fulfil the country's needs in science and education, agriculture and industry, and defence; to ensure that the creative talent of men and women is encouraged and finds full scope in scientific activity;


POLICIES•to encourage individual initiative for the acquisition and dissemination of knowledge, and for the discovery of new knowledge, in an atmosphere of academic freedom ; and, in general, to secure for the people of the country all the benefits that can accrue from the acquisition and application of scientific knowledge.


POLICIES

•The Government of India have decided to pursue and accomplish these aims by offering good conditions of service to scientists and according them an honoured position, by associating scientists with the formulation of policies, and by taking such other measures as may be deemed necessary from time to time.


THE SCIENCE POLICY 1983

•Technological Competence and self reliance.•Provision of gainful employment•Making traditional Skills commercially competitive.•Ensuring Maximum Development with minimal capital•Modernisation of equipment and Technology,•Conservation of energy,•Ensuring Harmony with environment.


THE TECHNOLOGY POLICY 1993

•Upgrading Traditional Skill specially with the view of Women and Weaker Section.•Adoption, Adaptation and Promotion of State-of-the-art Technologies for waste Prevention and reduction by lesser consumption of raw material and natural resourses.•Promotion of pollution control Approaches.


THE SCIENCE POLICY OF 2004

•To link research and developments to the broader national and global economy through proper investments by private sector.•To encourage and recognise scientific merit, talent and innovation•Quality Science Education. (Smart Learning)


THE SCIENCE ,TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION POLICY-2013

•Science Research and Innovation System for high technology led path for India.(SRISHTI)•Position India Among the top five global scientific Powers by 2020 (By increasing the share of global scientific publications from 3.5% to 7 %)•Create Robust National Innovation System.


THE SCIENCE ,TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION POLICY-2013

•Recourse optimised cost effective innovation across size and technology domain.•Facilitating private sector investment in R & D.


REFERENCES

• Book “Developments in Science and Technology”, Kalpana Rajaram,2015• www.dst.gov.in• www.wikipedia.org

http://www.dst.gov.in/

http://www.wikipedia.org/