history of nursing

HISTORY OF NURSINGCODE OF ETHICSCODE OF CONDUCTAUTONOMY,ACCOUNTABILITYASSRTIVENESS AND VISIBILITY

BYMr. SHON DAVIS

1ST YEAR MSc NURSINGMCON

UNDER GUIDENCE OF: PROF.LT.COL.(RETD.)MRS.ROSY K.O

H.O.D CHNMCON

A NURSE..

• N – Nobility, Knowledge

• U - Usefulness,

Understanding

• R – Righteousness,

Responsibility

• S - Simplicity, Sympathy

• E - Efficiency, Equanimity

NURSING DEFINED

Nursing is the unique function of the

nurse, that is to assist the individual

(sick or well) in the performance of those

activities contributing to health or its

recovery (or to a peaceful death) that he

would perform unaided if he had the

necessary strength, will or knowledge.”

- ICN

NURSING DEFINED

According to ANA “Nursing is the

protection, and optimisation of health

and abilities, prevention of illness and

injury, alleviation of suffering through

the diagnosis and treatment of human

response and advocacy in the care of

individuals, families, communities and

population.”

HISTORY OF NURSING

HISTORY OF NURSING

300 AD Entry of women into nursing.1633 -Sisters of Charity founded by Louise de

Marillac -established the first educational program to

be affiliated with a religious nursing order1809 -Mother Elizabeth Seton introduced the

Sisters of Charity into America, later known as the Daughters of Charity.

HISTORY OF NURSING CONT’D..

1836 -Deaconess Institute of Kaiserwerth,

Germany, founded -institute where Florence Nightingale

received her initial education in nursing1860 -establishment of the Nightingale Training

School for Nurses at St. Thomas's Hospital in London, England-first organized program for training nurses


1884 -Mary Snively assumed directorship of Toronto

General Hospital and began to form the Canadian National Association of Trained Nurses-later became the Canadian Nurses Association

1890 -establishment of the Nurses' Associated Alumni

of the United States and Canada -later became the American Nurses Association


1901 -first university-affiliated nursing program

-Army Nurse Corps established1911 -formed American Nurses Association1920 -graduate nurse-midwifery programs were

established


1926 -ANA Code of Ethics approved 1953 -National League for Nursing in collaboration

with other universities, developed graduate nursing education

(12 May 1820 – 13 Aug 1910)

Founded many Schools of Nursing with theoretical and practical basis in the care of the sick.

First to stress on aseptic precautions while caring for the patient.

Her favourite dictum

“Do the Patient no harm”

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE(The lady with the lamp)

NURSING IN INDIA

1664 the East India Company

started a hospital for soldiers

1935 onwards- State-wise councils

started developing

1947 - Indian Nursing Council (INC) Act

passed by the Parliament

Now India has 23 State Nursing

Councils

Colleges of Nursing started in Delhi

(1946) and Vellore (1947)

Nursing education in the country

integrated into the system of higher

education.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company

NURSING CODE OF ETHICS

o A code of ethics is a formal statement of a group’s ideals and values.

It is a set of ethical principles that (a) Is shared by members of the group (b) Reflects their moral judgements over

time (c) Serves as a standard for their

professional actions.

THE ICN CODE OF ETHICS

An international code of ethics for nurses was first adopted by the International Council of Nurses (ICN) in 1953.

1.NURSES AND PEOPLE

2.NURSES AND PRACTICE

3.NURSES AND THE PROFESSION

4.NURSES AND CO-WORKERS

THE ICN CODE OF ETHICS,CONT’D..

1. NURSES AND PEOPLE The nurse’s primary professional

responsibility is to people requiring nursing care. In providing care, the nurse promotes an environment in which the human rights, values, customs and spiritual beliefs of the individual, family and community are respected. The nurse ensures that the individual receives sufficient information on which to base consent for care and related treatment. The nurse holds in confidence personal information and uses judgement in sharing this information.


2. NURSES AND PRACTICE The nurse carries personal responsibility and

accountability for nursing practice, and for maintaining competence by continual learning. The nurse maintains a standard of personal health such that the ability to provide care is not compromised. The nurse uses judgement regarding individual competence when accepting and delegating responsibility. The nurse at all times maintains standards of personal conduct which reflect well on the profession and enhance public confidence. The nurse, in providing care, ensures that use of technology and scientific advances are compatible with the safety, dignity and rights of people.


3. NURSES AND THE PROFESSION The nurse assumes the major role in

determining and implementing acceptable standards of clinical nursing practice, management, research and education. The nurse is active in developing a core of research-based professional knowledge. The nurse, acting through the professional organisation, participates in creating and maintaining safe, equitable social and economic working conditions in nursing.


4. NURSES AND CO-WORKERS

The

nurse sustains a co-operative relationship

with co-workers in nursing and other fields.

The nurse takes appropriate action to

safeguard individuals, families and

communities when their health is endangered

by a co-worker or any other person.

THE ANA CODE OF ETHICS

1. The nurse, in all professional relationships, practices with compassion and respect.

2. The nurse’s primary commitment is to the patient.

3. The nurse promotes, advocates for the rights of the patient.

4. The nurse is responsible and accountable for individual nursing practice .

5. The nurse owes the same duties to self as to others.

6. The nurse participates in establishing values of the profession.

7. The nurse participates in the advancement of the profession.

8. The nurse collaborates with others to meet health needs.

9.Associations and their members are responsible for the articulating of nursing values.

CODES OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT FOR NURSES:

1.Professional responsibility and accountability

2. Nursing practice

3. Communication and interpersonal

relationship

4. Valuing human being

5. Management

6. Professional advancement

AUTONOMY

Autonomy means that individuals are able to act for themselves to the level of their capacity. It is the right of individuals, governing their actions according to their own purpose and reason.

Professional nurse autonomy is defined as belief in the centrality of the client when making responsible discretionary decisions, both independently and interdependently, that reflect advocacy for the client.

ACCOUNTABLITY

According to Sullivan and Deekan,

“accountability is being responsible for ones

actions and accepting the consequences of one’s

behaviour”.Accountable to whom? Your patients, through a duty of care Your employer, as defined by your contract of employment and

job description; Your profession, as stated in the relevant codes of conduct The public

ACCOUNTABILITY OF NURSING PERSONNELNurses are accountable for;Providing safe and therapeutic environment for the

patients.Delivering component and personalized care.Maintaining adequate supplies of materials and

equipments for smooth functioning of ward.Maintaining accurate and up-to-date records and

reports.Protecting client’s legal rights and privacy.Maintaining good interpersonal relationships.Working within ethical and legal boundaries.Delegating responsibility appropriately.Contributing to the development of profession.

ASSERTIVENESS

ASSERTIVENESS

Assertiveness is a style of behaviour to interact with people while standing up for your rights. It is a tool for expressing ourselves confidently and a way of saying yes and no in an appropriate way.

BENEFITS: 1. Helps to create healthy and meaningful

relations. 2. Less friction and conflicts. 3. Enhances the self esteem. 4. Increases the productivity. 5. Improves emotional and physical health. 6. Lessen the stress at work.

A-S-E-R-T MODEL

ASK

STATE THE PROBLEM

EXPRESS YOURSE

LF

REQUEST CHANGE

AND FEEDBACK

TALK IT OUT

TECHNIQUES FOR BEING ASSERTIVE:

Identify the personal needs, wants and rights.

Identify the situation.Always be direct.Own the message promptly.Avoid assumptions about others feelings.Ask for feedbacks.Stop apologising all the time.Learn to take a compliment.Evaluate your expectation.Act confident in all situations.Feel free to say no according to situation.

VISIBILITY OF NURSES

VISIBILITY The word visibility means capacity of

providing a clear unobstructed view. Although nurses comprise the majority of healthcare professionals, they are largely invisible. The public views of nursing and nurses are typically based on personal experiences with nurses, which can lead to a narrow view of a nurse often based only on a brief personal experience. Profession needs to be more concerned about visibility because nursing is struggling to attract qualified students and keep current nurses in practice.

STEPS TO IMPROVE THE VISIBILITY

Nurses Week is used as an opportunity to recognize nurses in practice and to advertise the profession of nursing, increasing its visibility and portraying a positive image. During Nurses’ Week, healthcare organizations typically hold special celebrations to honour nurses, and announce via the media.

Attract more men in to nursing profession.Give out awards for leadership and other

accomplishments in nursingUphold the professional dignity.Ensure active participation in society, i.e. by

involvement through rescue mission in natural calamities like flood, storm etc.

history of nursing

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