history of islamic army generals in tamil

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fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) xU jdpr;rpwg;gplk; cz;L. caukhd kiy Nghd;w cWjpahd Njhw;wk;> kw;Wk; gue;j khHGfs;> Fwpg;gpl;Lr; nrhy;Yk; jFjpfshd fOF Nghd;w $He;j ghHit> njhiy Nehf;Fr; rpe;jidj; jpwd;> rpwe;j mwpthw;wy;> ey;y epidthw;wy; kw;Wk; caHe;j rpe;jidfs;> cWjpahd nfhs;ifg; gpbg;G Mfpa Fzeyd;fis xUq;Nf ngw;wtH jhd; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop). ,];yhkpa NghH tuyhw;wpy; ,tUf;nfd jdp,lk; cz;L. ,tUf;F epfuhd Fjpiu Vw;w tPuUk;> ths; tPr;R kw;Wk; gy;NtW MAjq;fisg; gpuNahfpf;Fk; jpwik gilj;jtHfs; fpilahJ vd;W nrhy;Yk; msTf;F tPuj;jpd; tpisepykhfj; jpfo;e;jhH. c`Jg; NghHf;fsj;jpy; vjphpfspd; jug;gpy; ,Ue;J nfhz;L> K];ypk;fis fjpfyq;fr; nra;j fhypj; gpd; tyPj; mtHfs;> my; K/jh NghhpNy K];ypk;fs; jug;gpy; fye;J nfhz;L> ,];yhkpa vjphpfisf; fjpfyq;f itj;j ngUikf;FhpatH. jd;Dila jdpj; jpwik kw;Wk; NghHj;jpl;lj;jpd; fhuzkhf NuhkHfisg; GwKJfpl;Nlhlr; nra;J> K];ypk;fSf;F kpfg; nghpa ntw;wpia <l;bf; nfhLj;j khtPuH. NuhKk;> ghurPfKk; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; gil elj;jp tUfpd;whH vd;w nra;jp Nfl;lTld;> mtHfspd; iffspy; ,Ue;j ths; Ml;lk; fhZk; msTf;F vjphpfspd; ,jaj;jpy; mr;rj;ij Cl;ba tPuj;jpd; tpisepyk; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) MthHfs;. ,iwepuhfhpg;ghsHfspd; Kd;G fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfspd; ngaH cr;rhpf;fg;gLkhdhy;> mtHfs; fjpfyq;fpdhHfs;> mtuJ typik kpf;f jhf;Fjy;fs; mtHfis epiyFiyar; nra;jd. mjd; %yk; kpfg; nghpa ntw;wpia ,];yhkpag; NghH tuyhw;wpy; <l;bf; nfhLj;j ngUik fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfisr; rhUk;. ,jd; fhuzkhf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; "my;yh`;tpd; ths;" vd;wiof;ff; $ba irGy;yh`; vd;w gl;lg; ngaiur; #l;b fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfisg; ngUikg;gLj;jpdhHfs;. ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpYk; rhp..> ,d;Dk; tuf; $ba ehl;fspd; NghH tuyhw;wpYk; rhp..> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop)> vd;w khngUk; tPuUf;F jdpr; rpwg;gplk; vd;nwd;Wk; cz;L. ntw;wpfs; mtuJ fhiy te;J Kj;jkpl;ld> mtuJ vjphpfs; $l mtuJ tPuj;ij nkr;Rk; msTf;F mtH jd;dpfuw;w tPuuhfj; jpfo;e;jhH. gpwg;Gk; tsHg;Gk; kf;fhtpd; gD} kf;#k; vd;w Fyj;jpy; tyPj; gpd; KfPuh vd;gtUf;F kfdhfg; gpwe;j fhuzj;jhy;> mtuJ ngUikkpf;f Fyg; ngUikapd; fhuzkhf> ,sikapNyNa vy;NyhuhYk; mwpag;glf; $ba kdpjuhff; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; jpfo;e;jhHfs;. mtuJ ,sikf; fhyj;jpNyNa J}u Nehf;F> jpl;lkpl;L nrayhw;Wjy;> vLj;j fhhpaj;ij fdfr;rpjkhf epiwNtw;Wjy; Mfpatw;wpd; fhuzkhf gD} kf;#k; Nfhj;jpuj;J thypgHfspy; kpfr; rpwe;j ,lj;ijg; ngw;wpUe;jhHfs;. c`Jg; NghH Kjy; `{ijgpa;ah tiuf;Fk; ,];yhkpa vjphpfspd; jug;gpy; ,Ue;j fhypj; gpd; tyPj; mtHfs;> ,];yhkpa vjphpfspd; ,uhZtj;jpd; Jizg; gphpTf;Fj; jiytuhfTk;> Fjpiug; gilf;Fj; jiytuhfTk; ,Ue;J gzpahw;wpa mDgtkpf;f ,tH> mjw;Fg; gpd; ,];yhj;jpd; ntspr;rg; Gs;spfs; mtuJ tho;it ntspr;rNkw;wpajd; fhuzkhf> gpd;dhspy; ,];yhkpag; NghHg;gilj;jsgjpahfg; ghpzkpj;jhH. ,];yhj;jpd; vjphpfis epiyFiyar; nra;J> ,];yhkpa rhk;uh[;ak; muGg; gpuNjrj;ij tpl;Lk; gutj; Jiz Ghpe;jhH. ,];yhj;ijj; jOT Kd; ,];yhj;jpid jd;Dila tho;tpay; newpahf Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F Kd;ghf fye;J nfhz;l mj;jid NghHfspYk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F vjpuhf khHjl;b epd;w fhypj; gpd; tyPj; mtHfs;> xt;nthU KiwAk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisr; re;jpf;Fk; nghOnjy;yhk; mtHfsJ Fzeyd;fshy; ftug;gl;L> jd;Dila Nehf;fj;ij rpwpJ rpwpjhf khw;wpf; nfhz;lhH. ,Wjpahf ,];yhk; vd;Dk; ntspr;rg; Gs;sp> mtuJ ,jaj;ijf; ft;tp ,Ue;j ,Uisj; Jilj;njwpe;jJ. mtuJ jiyik ,];yhkpa NghH tuyhw;wpy; #hpadhfg; gpufhrpj;jJ. xUKiw Nghhpd; nghOJ> egpj;NjhoHfs; gpd;dpw;f ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kjpa Y`H njhOifia Kd;dpd;W elj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. ,J jhd; jf;f rkak; vd;W vz;zpf; nfhz;l fhypj; gpd; tyPj;

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This provides History of prominent Islamic Army-Generals in Tamil

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Page 1: History of islamic army generals in tamil

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp)

,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) xU jdpr;rpwg;gplk; cz;L. caukhd kiy Nghd;w cWjpahd

Njhw;wk;> kw;Wk; gue;j khHGfs;> Fwpg;gpl;Lr; nrhy;Yk; jFjpfshd fOF Nghd;w $He;j ghHit> njhiy

Nehf;Fr; rpe;jidj; jpwd;> rpwe;j mwpthw;wy;> ey;y epidthw;wy; kw;Wk; caHe;j rpe;jidfs;> cWjpahd

nfhs;ifg; gpbg;G Mfpa Fzeyd;fis xUq;Nf ngw;wtH jhd; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop). ,];yhkpa NghH

tuyhw;wpy; ,tUf;nfd jdp,lk; cz;L. ,tUf;F epfuhd Fjpiu Vw;w tPuUk;> ths; tPr;R kw;Wk; gy;NtW

MAjq;fisg; gpuNahfpf;Fk; jpwik gilj;jtHfs; fpilahJ vd;W nrhy;Yk; msTf;F tPuj;jpd; tpisepykhfj;

jpfo;e;jhH.

c`Jg; NghHf;fsj;jpy; vjphpfspd; jug;gpy; ,Ue;J nfhz;L> K];ypk;fis fjpfyq;fr; nra;j fhypj; gpd; tyPj;

mtHfs;> my; K/jh NghhpNy K];ypk;fs; jug;gpy; fye;J nfhz;L> ,];yhkpa vjphpfisf; fjpfyq;f itj;j

ngUikf;FhpatH. jd;Dila jdpj; jpwik kw;Wk; NghHj;jpl;lj;jpd; fhuzkhf NuhkHfisg; GwKJfpl;Nlhlr;

nra;J> K];ypk;fSf;F kpfg; nghpa ntw;wpia <l;bf; nfhLj;j khtPuH. NuhKk;> ghurPfKk; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop)

mtHfs; gil elj;jp tUfpd;whH vd;w nra;jp Nfl;lTld;> mtHfspd; iffspy; ,Ue;j ths; Ml;lk; fhZk;

msTf;F vjphpfspd; ,jaj;jpy; mr;rj;ij Cl;ba tPuj;jpd; tpisepyk; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) MthHfs;.

,iwepuhfhpg;ghsHfspd; Kd;G fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfspd; ngaH cr;rhpf;fg;gLkhdhy;> mtHfs;

fjpfyq;fpdhHfs;> mtuJ typik kpf;f jhf;Fjy;fs; mtHfis epiyFiyar; nra;jd. mjd; %yk; kpfg; nghpa

ntw;wpia ,];yhkpag; NghH tuyhw;wpy; <l;bf; nfhLj;j ngUik fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfisr; rhUk;.

,jd; fhuzkhf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; "my;yh`;tpd; ths;" vd;wiof;ff; $ba irGy;yh`; vd;w gl;lg;

ngaiur; #l;b fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfisg; ngUikg;gLj;jpdhHfs;. ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpYk; rhp..> ,d;Dk;

tuf; $ba ehl;fspd; NghH tuyhw;wpYk; rhp..> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop)> vd;w khngUk; tPuUf;F jdpr; rpwg;gplk;

vd;nwd;Wk; cz;L.

ntw;wpfs; mtuJ fhiy te;J Kj;jkpl;ld> mtuJ vjphpfs; $l mtuJ tPuj;ij nkr;Rk; msTf;F mtH

jd;dpfuw;w tPuuhfj; jpfo;e;jhH.

gpwg;Gk; tsHg;Gk;

kf;fhtpd; gD} kf;#k; vd;w Fyj;jpy; tyPj; gpd; KfPuh vd;gtUf;F kfdhfg; gpwe;j fhuzj;jhy;> mtuJ

ngUikkpf;f Fyg; ngUikapd; fhuzkhf> ,sikapNyNa vy;NyhuhYk; mwpag;glf; $ba kdpjuhff; fhypj; gpd;

tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; jpfo;e;jhHfs;. mtuJ ,sikf; fhyj;jpNyNa J}u Nehf;F> jpl;lkpl;L nrayhw;Wjy;> vLj;j

fhhpaj;ij fdfr;rpjkhf epiwNtw;Wjy; Mfpatw;wpd; fhuzkhf gD} kf;#k; Nfhj;jpuj;J thypgHfspy; kpfr;

rpwe;j ,lj;ijg; ngw;wpUe;jhHfs;.

c`Jg; NghH Kjy; `{ijgpa;ah tiuf;Fk; ,];yhkpa vjphpfspd; jug;gpy; ,Ue;j fhypj; gpd; tyPj; mtHfs;>

,];yhkpa vjphpfspd; ,uhZtj;jpd; Jizg; gphpTf;Fj; jiytuhfTk;> Fjpiug; gilf;Fj; jiytuhfTk; ,Ue;J

gzpahw;wpa mDgtkpf;f ,tH> mjw;Fg; gpd; ,];yhj;jpd; ntspr;rg; Gs;spfs; mtuJ tho;it ntspr;rNkw;wpajd;

fhuzkhf> gpd;dhspy; ,];yhkpag; NghHg;gilj;jsgjpahfg; ghpzkpj;jhH. ,];yhj;jpd; vjphpfis epiyFiyar;

nra;J> ,];yhkpa rhk;uh[;ak; muGg; gpuNjrj;ij tpl;Lk; gutj; Jiz Ghpe;jhH.

,];yhj;ijj; jOT Kd;

,];yhj;jpid jd;Dila tho;tpay; newpahf Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F Kd;ghf fye;J nfhz;l mj;jid NghHfspYk;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F vjpuhf khHjl;b epd;w fhypj; gpd; tyPj; mtHfs;> xt;nthU KiwAk;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisr; re;jpf;Fk; nghOnjy;yhk; mtHfsJ Fzeyd;fshy; ftug;gl;L> jd;Dila

Nehf;fj;ij rpwpJ rpwpjhf khw;wpf; nfhz;lhH. ,Wjpahf ,];yhk; vd;Dk; ntspr;rg; Gs;sp> mtuJ ,jaj;ijf;

ft;tp ,Ue;j ,Uisj; Jilj;njwpe;jJ. mtuJ jiyik ,];yhkpa NghH tuyhw;wpy; #hpadhfg; gpufhrpj;jJ.

xUKiw Nghhpd; nghOJ> egpj;NjhoHfs; gpd;dpw;f ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kjpa Y`H njhOifia

Kd;dpd;W elj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. ,J jhd; jf;f rkak; vd;W vz;zpf; nfhz;l fhypj; gpd; tyPj;

Page 2: History of islamic army generals in tamil

mtHfs;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisAk;> mtHfisg; gpd;gw;wpj; njhOJ nfhz;bUe;j NjhoHfisAk; jhf;fp>

me;jg; Nghiuj; jq;fSf;F rhjfkhf Mf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;Fj; jhauhdhH. Mdhy; fz;Zf;Fj; njhpahj VNjh xU

gil xd;W> mtiug; gpd;Df;F ,Og;gijg; Nghy czHe;j fhypj; gpd; tyPj; mtHfs;> jd;Dila Kaw;rpiaf;

iftpl;lhH. K];ypk;fis vjpHf;Fk; JzpitAk; ,oe;J tpl;lhH.

kPz;Lk; m]H njhOif ele;J nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,e;jKiw fz;bg;ghf re;jHg;gj;ij eOt tplf; $lhJ vd;W

#Siuj;J> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisAk; mtHfisg; gpd;gw;wpj; njhOJ nfhz;bUe;j NjhoHfisAk;

neUq;fpa nghOJ> fz;Zf;Fj; njhpahj VNjh xU rf;jp mtiug; gpd;Df;F ,Oj;Jf; nfhz;lNjhL> mtuhy;

efuf; $l ,ayhky; NghdJ. mg;nghOJ jhd; xU KbTf;F te;jhH> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSld;

NkhJtJ ntl;b Ntiy> mtiu VNjh xU rf;jp ghJfhj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ> ,e;j epiyapy; mNugpahit

kl;Lky;y> muGg; gpuNjrj;ijAk; fle;J ,e;j KO cyfj;ijAk; mtH xU ehs; ntd;W tpLthH vd;W jdf;Fj;

jhNd $wpf; nfhz;L> jdJ Kaw;rpfisf; if tpl;L tpl;lhH.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;Fk; ,iwepuhfhpg;ghsHfSf;Fk; `{ijgpa;ahtpy; itj;J cld;gbf;if ele;J

Kbe;jJld;> ,dp ekJ epiy vd;d? ehk; ve;jg; ghijiaj; NjHe;njLg;gJ vd;w kdepiyj; jLkhw;wj;Jf;F

cs;shdhH. mLj;J ve;j Kbit vLg;gJ vd;w Fog;gj;jpy; jLkhwpa fhypj; gpd; tyPj; mtHfs;>

vj;jpNahg;gpahtpw;Fr; nrd;W tplyhkh? vd;W $l epidj;jhH. gpd; vj;jpNahg;gpahtpw;F ehk; vg;gbr; nry;tJ?

Vw;fdNt> vj;jpNahg;gpahtpd; kd;dH e[;[h]p K];ypk;fspd; Mjuthsuhf khwp> K];ypk;fs; mq;F ghJfhg;Gld;

tho;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;w epidT mtUf;F te;jJk; jd;Dila me;j KbitAk; khw;wpf; nfhz;lhH. gpd; ehk;

`Hfy; Njrj;Jf;Fr; nrd;W jd;Dila kjj;ij tpl;L tpl;L> xU fpwp];jtdhfNth my;yJ A+jdhfNth kjk;

khwp tplyhkh? vd;W gy;NtW rpe;jidfs; mtuJ kdij miyf;fopj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jd. Mdhy; ve;j

KbTf;Fk; mtuhy; tu ,aytpy;iy. ,d;Dk; vJthf ,Ug;gpDk; ,e;j mNugpah kz;zpw;Fs; ,Ue;J jhd; me;j

khw;wk; epfo Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy; cWjpahf ,Ue;jhH. NghH> rz;il vd;W midj;ijAk; tpl;L tpl;L mikjpahf

tho;itj; NjHe;njLj;Jf; nfhs;syhkh? vd;W gytpj epidTfs; mtuJ epidit miyf;fopj;Jf;

nfhz;bUe;jd> Mdhy; vjpYk; xU KbTf;F tu ,ayhjtuhf ,Ue;jhH. mg;nghOJ Vw;fdNt ,];yhj;ijj;

jd;Dila tho;tpay; newpahf Vw;Wf; nfhz;bUe;j mtuJ rNfhjuH> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; mtHfSf;F xU

fbjj;ij vOjpdhH. me;jf; fbjj;jpy; jd;Dila rNfhjuiug; gw;wp tprhhpj;Jk;> ,d;Dk; mjw;Fk; Nkyhf

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jq;fisg; gw;wp tprhhpj;jhHfs; vd;w nra;jpiaAk; mjpy; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jijf; fz;l

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfSf;F ,dk; GhpahjnjhU csf; fpsHr;rp Vw;gl;lJ. ,d;Dk; fhypj; gpd; tyPj;

mtHfs; xU ehs; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;thHfs; vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; $wpapUg;gjhfTk;

Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhHfs;. mtuJ mwpT> Mw;wy;> rpe;jidj; jpwd;> njhiy Nehf;Fg; ghHit Mfpa ,iwtdpd;

mUl;nfhilfs; midj;Jk;> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; mtHfis ,Nj epiyapy; tpl;L itj;jpUf;fg; Nghtjpy;iy

vd;gjidAk; mjpy;> me;j rNfhjuH Fwpg;gpl;Lf; $wpapUe;jhH.

,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy;

NkNy cs;s nra;jpfs; ahTk; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; mtHfis gy;NtW rpe;jidfisj; Njhw;Wtpj;jNjhL> vd;id

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; tprhhpj;jhHfsh? ehd; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;Ntd; vd;W nrhd;dhHfsh?

vdf;nfd gpufhrkhd vjpHfhyk; xd;W ,Uf;fpd;wJ Nghy; njhpfpd;wJ vd;W jdf;Fj; jhNd $wpf; nfhz;l

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; mtHfs;> jhd; fz;l fdit ,g;nghOJ mir Nghl;Lg; ghHf;f Muk;gpj;jhH. mlHe;j>

fhw;Nwhl;lk; ,y;yhj Fif Nghd;w ,lj;ij tpl;L gr;irg; gNrnyd;w kpfg; gue;j gRQ;Nrhiyfspd; gf;fk; jhd;

kPz;L tUtjhff; fz;l fditAk;> ,g;nghOJ jdf;Fs; Vw;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; czHtiyfisAk; xg;gpl;Lg;

ghHf;f Muk;gpj;jhH. ,dp ehk; ,q;F jq;fpapUg;gjpy; gadpy;iy vd;gij czHe;jtuhf> ,dp kjPdhit Nehf;fpr;

nry;tJ vd;w ,Wjp Kbit vLj;j mtH> ehk; jdpahfg; Nghtij tpl> ek;Kld; ahiuahtJ Jizf;fioj;Jr;

nry;tJ ey;yJ vd;W epidj;J> ahUld; nry;tJ vd;w rpe;jidf; Fog;gj;jpy; Mo;e;j nghOJ> cJkhd; gpd;

jy;`h (uop) mtHfspd; epidT tu> jdJ Nehf;fj;ij mthplk; njhptpj;jhH.

cJkhd; gpd; jy;`h (uop) mtHfSk; jdf;Fk; mg;gbnahU Nehf;fk; ,Ug;gjhff; $wpa mtH> rhp ,UtUk;

NrHe;J ,ize;Nj kjPdhtpw;Fr; nrd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisr; re;jpg;gnjd;W KbthfpaJ. ,UtUk;

kjPdh Nehf;fpg; Gwg;gl;l nghOJ> ,ilapy; mk;H gpd; M]; (uop) mtHfisr; re;jpj;jdH. mtH> ePq;fs; ,UtUk;

Page 3: History of islamic army generals in tamil

vq;Nf Gwg;gl;L tpl;BHfs; vd;W Nfl;l nghOJ> mtHfs; jq;fsJ Nehf;fj;ijj; njhptpj;jhHfs;. jhq;fs; kjPdh

nrd;W ,iwj;J}jH K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfisr; re;jpj;J> mtHfsJ fuq;fspy; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;sr;

nrd;W nfhz;bUg;gjhff; $wpdhHfs;. kjPdh nry;Yk; FOtpd; vz;zpf;if> ,uz;L ,g;nghOJ %d;whf

khwpaJ.

%tUk; kjPdhit `p[;hp 8 Mk; Mz;L> ]/gH khjk; Kjy; Njjpad;W nrd;wile;jhHfs;. Kjypy; ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfisr; re;jpj;j fhypj; gpd; tyPj; mtHfis ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; Gd;dif jto

tuNtw;whHfs;. gpd; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; jpUf;fuq;fisg; gw;wpf; nfhz;L> jpUf;fypkhit Kd;nkhope;J

,];yhj;ijj; jdJ tho;tpay; newpahf Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. kpfTk; ghrj;Jld; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop)

mtHfis Nehf;fpa mz;zyhH (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; :

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfNs....!

cq;fsJ Gj;jprhypj;jdk;> fy;tp Qhdk;> njhiy Nehf;Fg; ghHit Mfpa ew;gz;Gfis itj;Jf; fzpj;J>

vd;whtJ xUehs; ePq;fs; ,];yhj;jpw;Fs; EiotPHfs; vd;W ehd; epidj;Njd; vd;whHfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs..! vdf;F kd;dpg;G cz;lh? vd;w Nfl;l fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs;..!

ehd; vd;Dila ths; gyj;jpdhy; gy;NtW ,d;dy;fisAk;> jPikfisAk; Ghpe;Js;Nsd;. ,jw;F Kd;

,];yhj;jpw;F ehd; ,ioj;j nfhLikfSf;fhf kd;dpg;Gf; Nfhhp ,iwtdplk; gpuhHj;jid GhpAkhW ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfis Ntz;bf; nfhz;l fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfSf;F> ,iwepuhfhpg;gpy; ,Ue;J nfhz;L

ePq;fs; nra;j mj;jid ghtq;fSk; ,];yhj;jpid Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljd; fhuzkhf> jhdhfNt mope;J Ngha;

tpLfpd;wd vd;W gjpy; $wpdhHfs;.

,y;iy..! ah uh#Yy;yh`;..! ,Ug;gpDk;> ePq;fs; vdf;fhf gpuhHj;jid nra;jhf Ntz;Lk; vd;W kPz;Lk; fhypj;

gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; typAWj;jNt> ,iwth! fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfspd; ghtq;fis

kd;dpj;jUs;thahf! mtH kPJ fUiz fhl;Lthahf! vd;W gpuhHj;jid Ghpe;jhHfs;.

mjd; gpd;G mk;H gpd; M]; (uop) mtHfSk;> gpd;G cJkhd; gpd; jy;`h (uop) mtHfSk; ,];yhj;jpid Vw;Wf;

nfhz;lhHfs;.

fz;l fdT edthFjy;..!

gpd;G jhd; fz;l fditg; gw;wp fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs;> mGgf;fH rpj;jPf; (uop) mtHfsplk; $wpdhHfs;.

fhhpUs; nfhz;l miw vd;gJ ePq;fs; mwpahikf;fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUe;j ,iwepuhfhpg;G vd;gjhFk;. gpd;

mjid tpl;L ntspNawp gue;j Gy;ntspia Nehf;fp tUtJ vd;gJ> ,iwepuhfhpg;gpy; ,Ue;J ntspNawp>

,];yhj;jpDs; Eiotjidf; Fwpf;Fk;. me;jf; fdT ePq;fs; ,];yhj;jpid Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljd; fhuzkhf

,g;nghOJ edthfp ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;Wk;> mtHfsJ fdtpw;F mGgf;fH rpj;jPf; (uop) mtHfs; tpsf;fkspj;jhHfs;.

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; gak; fhuzkhfNth my;yJ ngUikf;fhfNth ,];yhj;jpid Vw;Wf;

nfhs;stpy;iy> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; tho;tpay; Kd;khjphpfs; jhd; mtiu ,];yhj;jpd; ghy; <Hf;ff;

fhuzkhf mike;jd. kdpj Fy tuyhw;wpy; rj;jpaj;ij epiyepWj;Jtjw;fhf ghLgLfpd;w kdpjHfs; njhiy

Nehf;Fr; rpe;jidAlDk;> ntspg;gilahd Nghf;FfSlDk; jq;fsJ tho;it mikj;Jf; nfhs;tJ vd;gJ>

mtHfsJ mbg;gil kw;Wk; rpwg;Gj; jd;ikfshf ,Ue;J te;Js;sd. vdNt jhd; vjid rj;jpak; vd;W Vw;Wf;

nfhz;lhHfNsh mjid ntspg;gilahf kf;fSf;Fj; JzpTld; mwptpf;f my;yJ vLj;J itf;ff; $batHfshf

,Ue;jhHfs;. ,e;j ,uz;L mbg;gil mk;rq;fshfpa JzpT kw;Wk; ntspg;gilahd jd;ik Mfpa ,uz;Lk; fhypj;

gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfsplk; fhzg;gl;lNj> mtHfis ,];yhkpa tuyhW Nghw;Wk; khtPuuhf caHj;jpf; fhl;bf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

mtH ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; tiuf;Fk;> ,];yhj;jpd; guk tpNuhjpahfNt ,Ue;jhH. c`j; NghhpNy

K];ypk;fs; vspjhf ntw;wp ngw;wpUf;ff; $ba me;j tha;g;ig jtpL nghbahf;fp> jhd; ve;j Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf

te;jhNuh me;j Nehf;fj;ij miltjpy; mtH fhl;ba cWjp kw;Wk; jPtpug; Nghf;F Mfpaitfs; jhd;

K];ypk;fspd; ntw;wpia epiyFiyar; nra;jJ vdyhk;. ,Ug;gpDk;> me;jg; Nghhpy; ,iwepuhfhpg;ghsHfs; ntw;wp

Page 4: History of islamic army generals in tamil

ngw ,ayhky; NghdJld;> ,dp ehk; K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfis ntw;wp ngw ,ayhJ vd;w epiyf;F> kd

hPjpahfj; js;sg;gl;ldH. K];ypk;fs; ek;ik tpQ;rp tpl;lhHfs;> ,dp mtHfis ehk; vJTk; nra;Jtpl ,ayhJ

vd;W midj;J Fiw\pj; jiytHfSk; KbTf;F te;j gpd;dUk;> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; ,jid

Vw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iy. kw;wtHfsJ Kbit kz;zpy; Nghl;Lg; Gijj;J tpl;L> xU Fjpiug; gilia

xUq;fpizj;Jf; nfhz;L kiyg; gFjpapy; GFe;J K];ypk;fis vjpHj;Jg; Nghhpl;L> K];ypk;fSf;F fLikahd

Nrjj;NjhL> capH Nrjj;ijAk; mjpfk; Vw;gLj;jp tpl;lhH fhypj; gpd; tyPj; mtHfs;.

,j;jifa kdpjH jhd;> ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;l gpd;Gk; mNj tPuj;NjhLk;> tpNtfj;NjhLk; jhd; ve;j

Nehf;fj;ij mila NghH Kfj;Jf;F te;NjhNkh me;j Nehf;fj;ij mile;J nfhs;tjw;fhf> Ntfk; Fd;whJ

Nghhpl;lhH ,e;j tPukfd;. mtH jdJ capiuAk;> nghUisAk;> MtpiaAk; ,iwkhHf;fj;jpw;fhf mw;gzpj;J

tpl;bUe;jhH. mtH vd;iwf;F ,];yhj;ij jd;Dila tho;tpay; newpahf Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhNuh md;wpypUe;J>

rj;jpaj;ij NkNyhq;fr; nra;aTk;> mrj;jpaj;ij NtNuhL rha;f;fTk; Nghhpl;Lf; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhH. ,d;Dk;

kpfTk; fLikahf fhy fl;lq;fspy; $l mtH> nfhQ;rk; $l jLkhw;wj;ij jd;Dila cs;sj;jpy; cyh

tpl;ljpy;iy> ek;gpf;ifia ,oe;J tpltpy;iy.

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; fhl;ba tPu jPu rhfrq;fis ,d;wsTk; cyfk; tpae;J Nghw;wpf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. mtuJ tPuk; nrwpe;j me;j jUzq;fis ,];yhkpaHfs; kl;Lky;y> ,];yhj;jpd; vjphpfs; $l

Nghw;Wk; msTf;F> mtuJ tPuj;ij xg;Gf; nfhz;Ls;sdH. Ke;ija n[Hkd; gilj;jsgjpahf ,Ue;j n[duy;

mNuhd; Nuhk;ky; vd;gthplk;> mtUila ntw;wpiaf; Fwpj;Jf; Nfl;l nghOJ> ehd; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; mtHfsJ

je;jpuj;ijf; ifahz;L nfhz;bUg;gjd; %yk; jhd; ,j;jifa ntw;wpfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwd; vd;W

gjpy; $wpapUf;fpd;whH.

Nuhkg; Nguurd; rP]iu kz;Zf;F ,iuahf;fp itj;jJ> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfspd; jpl;lkpl;l

jhf;Fjy;fSk;> mtH jd;Dila giltPuHfis xUq;fpizj;J nrayhw;wr; nra;jjJ jhd;> mjd; fhuzkhFk;.

NuhKk;> ghurPfKk; md;iwf;F ,Ue;j nry;tr; nropg;gpy; kw;Wk; ,uhZt mikg;gpy; K];ypk; gil mtHfis

ntw;wp nfhs;tJ vd;gJ ,ayhj fhhpak; vd;Nw> cyfj;jpd; fzpg;G ,Ue;jpUf;Fk;. Mdhy;> mj;jifa gilia

kz;NzhL kz;zhf Mf;fp> mtHfsJ Nguuir GOjp gbar; nra;j tuyhw;W epfo;r;rpia Vw;gLj;jpf; fhl;batH

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop). rj;jpaj;jpw;Fk; mrj;jpaj;jpw;Fk; ,ilNa ele;j me;j ,ilawhj Nghhpy;> ,iwtdJ

Jiz nfhz;L fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; ntw;wpiaj; jtpu NtnwjidAk; fz;ljpy;iy. Njhy;tp vd;gNj

mtuJ tuyhw;wpy; ,y;iy> vd;w rhpj;jpuj;ijg; gilj;jtH fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs;.

my; K/jh NghH

,d;iwa rphpahtpd; vy;iyf;F cl;gl;l gFjp my; K/jh. ,e;j ,lj;jpy; ele;j NghH jhd; ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy;

K/jh NghH vd;wiof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,];yhj;ijj; jd;Dila tho;tpay; newpahf Vw;Wf; nfhz;l gpd; fhypj; gpd;

tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; Kjd;Kjyhf ,e;j K/jh Nghhpy; rhjhuz gil tPuuhff; fye;J nfhz;lhHfs;. ,e;jg;

Nghhpy; fye;J nfhz;l jsgjpfs; %tH xUtH gpd; xUtuhf tPu kuzk; mile;J tpl> ehd;fhtjhf jiyikg;

nghWg;ig Vw;Fk; ghf;fpak;> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfsplk; te;jile;jJ. mg;nghOJ> K];ypk;fspd; gilapy;

ntWk; 3000 giltPuHfs; jhd; ,Ue;jdH> ,d;Dk; mtHfs; kpf ePz;l fhyk; NghH nra;J rw;W fisg;gile;Jk;

,Ue;jdH. Mdhy; vjphpfspd; gf;fNkh 2 yl;rk; giltPuHfSk;> ,d;Dk; mtHfs; KO MAj gyj;NjhLk; NghUf;F

te;jpUe;jdH. mtHfspd; fz;fspy; NghH fdy; njwpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. gpd;tUk; rk;gtj;jpw;Fg; gpd; NghH

Kk;%ukhf Muk;gpj;jJ.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; ek;gpf;ifiag; ngw;wnjhU NjhoH> `hhp]; gpd; mk;H m];jp (uop). ,e;jj; NjhoH

%ykhf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; xU fbjj;ij> g];uhtpd; kd;dH `hhp]; gpd; mkp \k;khH f];]hdp

vd;gtUf;F mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. mtH nry;Yk; topapy; K/jh vd;w ,lj;jpy; mike;Js;s rpW efukhd gy;fh

vd;w ,lj;ij ,e;jj; NjhoH mile;jTld;> me;jg; gFjpapd; ftHduhf ,Ue;j rH[Py; gpd; mk;H f];]hdp

vd;gtH> ,thpd; tUifia mwpe;J> me;j egpj;Njhoiu ifJ nra;J> nfhiyAk; nra;J tpl;;lhH. ,e;jj; Jaur;

nra;jp ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis mile;jTld;> kpfTk; kd cisr;rYf;F MshdhHfs;. ,Nj

fhyfl;lj;jpd; ,d;DnkhU epfo;r;rpAk; ele;jJ. mjhtJ> xU gjpide;J egH nfhz;l K];ypk;fspd; FO

xd;W> rhj; my; mj;yh vd;w gFjpapy; ,];yhkpag; gpur;rhuk; nra;J nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ> ,e;jg; gjpide;J

Page 5: History of islamic army generals in tamil

NgH nfhz;l FOTk; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;lhHfs;. ,Nj fhy fl;lj;jpy; Nuhkg; Nguurd; kjPdhitj; jhf;fg;

NghtjhfTk; mwptpj;jpUe;jhd;.

vdNt> Nkw;$wpa rk;gtq;fs; jhd; ,e;j K/jh NghH eilngWtjw;F Kf;fpaf; fhuzq;fshf mike;jd.

vdNt> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; xU kpfg; nghpa giliaj; jahH nra;J> me;jg; gilf;F Kjy; jsgjpahf

i[j; gpd; `hhpjh (uop) mtHfisAk;> mtH ,we;J tpl;lhy; gpd; [h/gH gpd; mgPjhypg; (uop) mtHfisAk;>

,d;Dk; mtUk; tPukuzk; va;J tpl;lhy;> mg;Jy;yh gpd; uth`h (uop) mtHfisAk; jsgjpfshf KiwNa

epakpj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;gb> K];ypk;fSf;F mwpTiu toq;fp K/jh NghUf;F K];ypk; tPuHfis ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs; mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;.

,e;j %d;W jsgjpfSk; kuzkile;J tpl;lhy;> gpd; giltPuHfs; jq;fSf;Fs; fye;jhNyhrid nra;J nfhz;L>

jq;fSf;Fs; xU jsgjpiaj; NjHe;njLj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;gb mwpTiuAk; toq;fp mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;.

i[j; gpd; `hhpjh (uop) mtHfs; jiyikg; nghWg;ig Vw;Wf; nfhz;L> nts;isf; nfhbiaj; jdJ ifapy;

Ve;jpa tz;zk; NghH Kfj;Jf;F jdJ gilia mioj;Jr; nrd;W> ve;j ,lj;jpy; `hhpj; gpd; mk;H m];jp (uop)

mtHfs; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;lhHfNsh> me;j ,lj;jpNyNa jdJ gilia ,wf;fp> $lhuk; mbj;J

epiyg;gLj;jpdhHfs;. ,d;Dk; epiyFiyahj jd;ikiaAk;> vjphpfis vjpHf;Fk; NghJ jq;fsJ ghjq;fs;

cWjpahf ,Ug;gjw;Fk; mtHfs; ,iwtdplk; gpuhHj;jpj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

,d;Dk; tajhdtHfisAk;> ,d;Dk; Foe;ijfisAk; ngz;fisAk; nfhiy nra;tijj; jil nra;jhHfs;.

,d;Dk; ,e;j cyf tho;it xJf;fp tpl;L> ,iwjpahdj;jpy; <Lglf; $ba Jwtpfs; kw;Wk; re;epahrpfs;

MfpNahiuAk; nfhiy nra;tijj; jLj;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; ePq;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;l cld;gbf;ifia kPwhjPHfs;>

ePq;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;l mkhdpjq;fisAk; Kwpj;J tplhjPHfs; vd;W mwpTiu toq;fpdhHfs;. ve;jf; fl;llk; jiu

kl;lkhf;fg;gLtijNah ,d;Dk; kuq;fis ntl;b epyj;jpy; rha;f;g;gLtijNah giltPuHfs; nra;af; $lhJ

vd;Wk; cj;jutpl;lhHfs;. jq;fsJ jsgjpahd ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ Nkw;fz;l mwpTiuiar; nrtp

kLj;j gpd;> cz;ikapy; kpfTk; rpukkhf fbkhdnjhU gzpia epiwNtw;WKfkhf K];ypk; giltPuHfs;

NghHf;fsk; Nehf;fpj; jq;fsJ gazj;ijj; Jtq;fpdhHfs;. fLikahf epyg;gug;Gfspd; Clhfg; gazpj;j gpd;

,Wjpahf ghy;fh vd;w me;j Fwpg;gpl;l ,lj;ij K];ypk;fs; mile;jhHfs;. me;j ,lj;ij mile;j gpd;G> mq;F

Vw;fdNt ,tHfis vjpHghHj;J> `pHfy; ehl;L kd;dd; xU gilia mDg;gp itj;jpUg;gij mwpe;J

nfhz;lhHfs;. jq;fSf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gl;l nghWg;gpd; fdj;ij vil Nghl;Lg; ghHj;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfsJ NjhoHfs;> jhq;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;l rj;jpaj;ij epiyehl;Ltjw;F> jq;fsJ capH> nghUs;> Mtp

mj;jidiaAk; mw;gzpf;FKfkhf fsj;jpy; ,wq;fpdhhfs;.

jsgjpg; nghWg;ig Vw;wpUe;j i[j; gpd; `hhpjh (uop) mtHfs;> jdf;Ff; fPo; cs;s NjhoHfspd; tPuj;ij

Cf;Ftpf;FKfkhf jhd; ntF tpiuthf vjphpg;gilfSf;Fs; CLWtpr; nrd;W Kd;Ndwpf; fhl;bdhH. xUtH

ehd;F egiur; rkhspj;J> mtHfis cw;rhfg;gLj;jpf; fhl;bdhH. vq;Fk; mopTk;> kuz xyKk; MHg;ghpj;Jf;

nfhz;bUe;jd. vjphpfis ClWj;Jr; nrd;w i[j; gpd; `hhpjh (uop) mtHfs; ,g;nghOJ tPu kuzk;

va;jpdhHfs;. gpd; [/gH gpd; mgPjhypg; (uop) mtHfs; jiyikg; nghWg;ig Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. vjphpfis

ClWj;Jr; nry;y tpUk;gpa [/gH gpd; mgPjhypg; (uop) mtHfSf;F> vjphpfspd; vz;zpf;if kpf mjpfkhf ,Ue;j

fhuzj;jhy;> me;j tha;g;G vspjhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. vdNt> jhd; Vwp te;j Fjpiuapy; ,Ue;J ,wq;fp> vjphpfspd;

jiyfisf; nfha;a Muk;gpj;jhH. Mdhy;> vjphfspy; xUtd; mtuJ tyJ G[j;jpy; fLikahdnjhU

jhf;Fjiyj; njhLj;jjd; fhuzkhf> mtuJ tyJ fuk; Jz;bf;fg;gl;Lf; fPNo tpOe;jJ. tyJ fuj;jpy;

Ve;jpapUe;j nfhbia ,lJ fuj;jpw;F [/gH gpd; mgPjhypg; (uop) mtHfs; khw;wpf; nfhz;lhHfs;. gpd; me;j vjphp

,lJ fuj;ijAk; ntl;br; rha;j;jhd;. ,Ug;gpDk; jhd; Ve;jpa me;jf; nfhbia jiuapy; tpo mDkjpf;fhj [/gH

gpd; mgPjhypg; (uop) mtHfs;> jdJ fhy;fisf; nfhz;L me;jf; nfhbia Ve;jpf; nfhz;lhH. ,Wjpahf

vjphpg;gil tPud; nfhLj;j mbia jhq;ftpayhj [/gH gpd; mgPjhypg; (uop) mtHfs; tPu kuzkile;jhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ> ,iwj;J}jH(]y;) mtHfspd; mwpTiug;gb> %d;whtJ jsgjpg; nghWg;ig mg;Jy;yh gpd; uth`h

(uop) mtHfs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. fPNo tpo ,Ue;j nfhbia ifapy; Ve;jpg; gpbj;j mg;Jy;yh gpd; uth`h

(uop) mtHfs;> jsgjpg; nghWg;gpd; fPo; kpfr; rpwe;j tPuj;ij fhl;b vjphpfisf; fyq;fbj;jgpd; mtUk; tPukuzk;

va;jpdhH.

Page 6: History of islamic army generals in tamil

vz;zpf;ifapy; te;j gytPdk;

jq;fsJ gilj;jsgjpfspy; %tiu xUtH gpd; xUtuhf ,oe;J tpl;bUe;j K];ypk; giltPuHfs;> ,g;nghOJ

kdjstpy; rw;W epiyFiye;J NghapUe;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; vjphpg; gilf;Fk; K];ypk; gilf;Fk; ,ilNa ,Ue;j

vz;zpf;if tpj;jpahrKk; mtHfsJ kNdh gyj;ij rw;W mirj;Jj; jhd; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. ntw;wp

fpilf;Fkh? vd;w mr;rKk; epytpaJ. Nuhkg; gilapd; vz;zpf;ifNa mtHfis ,e;j vz;zj;jpw;F ,l;Lr;

nrd;W nfhz;bUe;jJ.

,d;Dk; K];ypk;fspd; nfhb fPNo tpof; $ba epiyapy;> vjphpfspd; fuq;fSf;Fs; rpf;ff; $ba epiyapy; ,Ue;J

jg;gpj;JkpUe;jJ. fPNo tpo ,Ue;j nfhbia jhtpg; gpbj;J iffspy; Ve;jpf; nfhz;l jhgpj; gpd; mHf;fk; (uop)

mtHfs;> jhd; Ve;jpa me;jf; nfhbia> rw;Wk; vjpHghuhj epiyapy; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfspd; fuq;fspy;

NrHj;jhH. me;jf; nfhbia fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfspd; iffspy; NrHf;Fk; nghOJ> fhypj; gpd; tyPj;

(uop) mtHfNs! jaTnra;J ,e;jf; nfhbiag; gpbj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,e;j kpfTk; ,f;fl;lhd #o;epiyapy;

cq;fshy; jhd; jiyikg; nghWg;ig Vw;W> mjid nrt;tNd epiwNtw;w KbAk; vd;W mtH Nfhhpf;if

itj;jhH.

iffspy; nfhbiag; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L> vd;dUikj; NjhoNu! ,J ,f;fl;lhd #o;epiy vd;gij ehdwpNtd;>

Mdhy; vd;id tpl ePq;fs; jhd; ,iwek;gpf;ifapy; Ke;jpf; nfhz;ltUk;> ,d;Dk; gj;Ug; Nghhpy; fye;J

nfhz;l mDgtkpf;ftUk; $l. vdNt ePq;fs; jhd; jiyikg; nghWg;gpw;F jFjp tha;e;j egH vd;W fdpe;j

Fuypy; $wpdhH. ,iwtd; kPJ rj;jpahf..! cq;fsJ kd typikAk;> cq;fsJ jpahfKk; mw;gzKk; Vw;fdNt

ep&gzkhdnjhd;W. fPNo tpOe;j me;jf; nfhbia jq;fsJ iffspy; NrHg;gpj;J tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;w

Nehf;fky;yhJ NtW Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf ehd; mjid vLj;Jf; nfhs;stpy;iy. jaT nra;J ,e;jf; nfhbiag;

ngw;Wf; nfhz;L> jiyikg; nghWg;ig Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjd; %yk; ,e;j ,f;fl;lhd #o;epiyia> jq;fsJ

mDgtk; kw;Wk; nray;jpwd;> jpl;lkpLk; Mw;wy; %yk; rkhspj;Jf; fhl;Lq;fs; vd;W Ntz;bf; nfhz;lhH.

jiyikg; nghWg;ig Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy;

,uhZtj; je;jpuq;fs; %ykhf vjphpfis mr;RWj;jf; $ba jiytH xUtH jhd; ,g;nghOJ ekJ tPuHfSf;F

Njitg;gLfpd;whH. vjphpfisj; Jtk;rk; nra;Ak; jpl;lq;fSld; ekJ tPuHfis topelj;jpr; nrd;W> vjphpfis

epiyFiyar; nra;tjd; %yk; ekJ tPuHfs; rw;W kdtypik ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; re;jHg;gj;ij Vw;gLj;Jq;fs;

vd;W Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhH. gpd; gilapdhpd; gf;fk; jpUk;gpa mtH> vd;dUikj; NjhoHfNs! fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop)

mtHfis ekJ jiytuhf ePq;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;wPHfsh? vd;W Nfl;lhH. mtHfs; midtUk; xUkpj;j

Fuypy;> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; vq;fSf;F jsgjpahfg; nghWg;Ngw;gjpy; re;Njh\Nk vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ> nfhbiaf; iffspy; Ve;jpf; nfhz;l fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs;> K];ypk; gilf;Fj; jiyikg;

nghWg;ig Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhH. kpfTk; cf;fpukhf ele;j me;jg; Nghhpy; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; xU ths;

cile;J Nghf ,d;ndhU this khw;wp khw;wp..> ,t;thwhf me;jg; Nghhpy; xd;gJ ths;fisg; gad;gLj;;jp

vjphpfisj; Jtk;rk; nra;jhH.

vjphpfSld; xg;gpLk; nghOJ> K];ypk; giltPuHfs; kpff; Fiwe;j msNt ,Ue;jdH. fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop)

mtHfspd; je;jpuKk;> NghH jpl;lq;fSk; vjphpfspd; jpl;lq;fis jtpLnghbahf;fpd. xU rpy K];ypk; tPuHfisj;

NjHe;njLj;J> mtHfis kiwe;jpUf;fr; nra;J> jpBnud NghHf;fsj;jpw;Fs; EioAkhW gzpj;jhHfs;. jpBnud

Vw;gl;l ,e;j NghHf;fsr; #oypy;> Vw;gl;l GOjpg; glyk; kw;Wk; Muthuk; vjphpfis epiyFiyar; nra;jJ. jpBH

jpBH vd te;J NghHf;fsj;jpw;Fs; Fjpj;j K];ypk;fisg; ghHj;j Nuhkg; gilfs;> Gjpa gilg; gphpT te;J fye;J

nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ vd;W epidj;J> mr;rj;jpw;Fs;shapdH.

Nuhkg; giltPuHfspd; ,e;j kdepiyj; jLkhw;wj;ijj; jq;fSf;F rhjkhfg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;l fhypj; gpd;

tyPj; (uop) mtHfs;> vjphpfspd; tisaj;jpypUe;J jdJ giltPuHfis ghJfhg;ghd gFjpf;F midtiuAk;

mg;gbNa> xJf;fp mioj;Jr; nrd;W tpl;lhHfs;. ,jw;F Kd;G NuhkHfs; ntw;wp ngw;W tpLNthk; vd;w kkijapy;

,Ue;jhHfs;. Mdhy;> K];ypk;fNsh mtHfspd; xUtiuAk; capUld; NghHf;fsj;jpypUe;J jpUg;gp mDg;gtpy;iy.

mtHfsJ ek;gpf;iff;Fk; fhuzkpUe;jJ. mJntd;dntdpy;> rw;W rpy fhyq;fSf;F Kd;G jhd; ghurPfj;ij

mtHfs; ntw;wp nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. me;j ntw;wpg; NghijahdJ> vz;zp tplf; $ba mstpw;F ,Ue;j

K];ypk;fisAk;> ntF vspjhf ntw;wp ngw;W tplyhk; vd;w Nghijia Vw;wp ,Ue;jJ.

Page 7: History of islamic army generals in tamil

,iwtd; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfSf;F toq;fpapUe;j me;j Mw;wy;fSk;> jpl;lkply;fs;> tPuk;>

epiyFiyahj jd;ik Mfpatw;wpd; fhuzkhf> vjphpfis ntd;nwLf;ff; $ba Mw;wiyj; je;jpUe;jhd;.

Kjy; ehs; NghhpNyNa fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; xU ths; cile;J Nghf kWths; vd;W> xd;gJ

ths;fis mtH khw;wp khw;wp NghH nra;jjijg; ghHj;J tpl;l> NuhkHfs; ,dp ehk; xUf;fhYk; ntw;wp ngw

KbahJ vd;w epiyf;F te;J tpl;;ldH. ,uz;lhtJ ehs; Nghhpy;> vjphpfSf;F mr;rj;ij Cl;b> me;j

mr;rj;ijj; jdf;F rhjfkhfg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lNjhly;yhJ> jdJ giltPuHfis kPz;Lk; xUq;fpizj;J>

vjphpfspd; jhf;Fjy;fspypUe;J ghJfhg;ghd ,lj;jpw;F efHj;jpr; nrd;wijAk; mtHfs; fz;L tpl;L> ,dp ntw;wp

vd;gJ ,y;iy vd;w KbTf;Nf te;J tpl;ldH. Nkhrkhd> kpfTk; Mgj;jhd ,e;jr; #o;epiyapy; jdJ

giltPuHfis xUq;fpizj;J mtHfisg; ghJfhg;ghd ,lj;jpw;F efHj;jpr; nrd;wNjhly;yhky;> vjphpfisAk;

epiyFiyar; nra;j fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfspd; jpl;lk;> ,d;iwf;Fk; cyfg; NghH tuyhw;wpy; kwf;f

Kbahj rk;gtq;fshfg; gjpT nra;ag;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.

kf;fh ntw;wp

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;l gpd;G ele;j Kf;fpakhd epfo;;r;rp kf;fh ntw;wpahFk;.

,e;jg; Nghhpy; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfis gD} ryPk;> gD} f]Pkh> gD} /f/g;ghH kw;Wk; gD} [`Pdh

Mfpa Fyq;fis xUq;fpizj;j gilg;gphpTf;F jsgjpahf epakpj;J> kf;fhtpd; fjh vd;w gFjpapd; topahf

EioAk;gbg; gzpj;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk;> kf;fhtpw;Fs; EioAk; rkaj;jpy; kf;fh thrpfspy; ve;jf; FykhtJ

cq;fis vjpHj;jhy; vd;Dila mDkjpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l gpd;G> mtHfSld; NghH GhpAq;fs;> ve;j vjpHg;Gk;

,y;iy vd;W nrhd;dhy;> ve;j epiyapYk; Nghiu ePq;fshfj; Jtq;f Ntz;lhk; vd;Wk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfSf;F mwpTiu $wp mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; cq;fsJ xt;nthU

Kaw;rpapYk;> ,e;jg;Gdpj efuj;jpy; ve;jtpj ,uj;jKk; rpe;jg;glf; $lhJ> ,e;j efuj;jpd; Gdpjj; jd;ik nfl;L

tplhJ ghJfhg;gjpy; Fwpahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; mwpTWj;jpdhHfs;. kf;fh ntw;wpapd; nghOJ> 10 Mapuk;

K];ypk; tPuHfs; fye;J nfhz;lhHfs;> ,e;j vz;zpf;ifahdJ kf;fhtpy; tho;e;J nfhz;bUe;j kf;fspd;

vz;zpf;ifia tpl mjpfkhdjhFk;. vdNt kf;fhtpd; #o;epiy ,g;nghOJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F

vjpuhf MAjk; J}f;Fk; epiyapy; ,y;iy. kf;fhit ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kpf vspjhfNt ve;jtpj ,uj;j

rpe;jg;glhJ ntw;wp nfhz;lhHfs;.

,Ug;gpDk;> ,f;hpkh gpd; mgP [`;y;> r/g;thd; gpd; cika;ah> r`;y; gpd; mk;H MfpNahhpd; jiyikapy; jpuz;l

kf;fj;J Fiw\p thypgHfs;> fhypj; gpd; jiyikapy; kf;fhtpw;F Eioe;J nfhz;bUe;j gilg;gphpit jLj;J

epWj;Jk; Nehf;Fld;> fe;jkh vd;w ,lj;jpy; jpuz;lhHfs;. K];ypk;fspd; gilg;gphpTf;F fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop)

mtHfs; jiyik jhq;fp tUtijf; fz;l mtHfs; jhq;fs; ntw;wp ngWNthk; ek;gpf;ifia ,oe;j mtHfsJ>

ths;fSk;> MAjq;fSk; Vd; ghjq;fSk; $l Ml;lk; fz;ld. ,e;jg; Nghhpy; gD} gf;H kw;Wk; gD} fjPiyr;

NrHe;j 12 Mz;fs; nfhy;yg;gl;lhHfs;. ,uz;L K];ypk;fs; jq;fsJ ghijiaj; jtw tpl;ljd; fhuzkhf NtW

,lq;fSf;Fg; Ngha; tpl;lhHfs;. ,e;j ,UtH jhd; K];ypk;fspd; jug;gpy; caphpoe;jtHfs;. ,J jtpu 10 Mapuk;

giltPuHfisf; nfhz;l K];ypk; gil kf;fhtpw;Fs; ve;j vjpHg;Gk; ,d;wp> ,uj;jk; rpe;jhky; cs;Ns ntw;wpAld;

Eioe;jJ. ,e;j ntw;wp `p[;hp 8 y; ukshd; khjk; 12 k; ehs; nts;spf; fpoik epfo;e;jJ.

kf;fhit ntw;wp nfhz;lgpd;> KO kf;fhitAk; jdJ fl;Lg;ghl;by; vLj;Jf; nfhz;l ,iwj;J}jH(]y;)

mtHfs;> gpd;dH f/ghtpw;Fs; Eioe;jhHfs;. f/ghtpw;F cs;Sk; GwKk; ,Ue;j ,izitg;gpd; mOf;Ffis

mfw;wpdhHfs;. mq;fpUe;j rpiyfis mg;Gwg;gLj;jpdhHfs;. mjd; gpd; nghJ kd;dpg;ig mwptpj;jhHfs;.

· ahH `uk; vd;W nrhy;yf; $ba f/gh gFjpapy; Eioe;jhNuh mtH ghJfhf;fg;gl;ltuhthH.

· ahH jq;fsJ MAjq;fis xg;gilj;J tpLfpd;whNuh> mtUk; ghJfhg;Gg; ngw;wtuhthH.

· jq;fsJ tPl;Lf; fjTfisj; jhopl;Lf; nfhz;L> tPl;Lf;Fs; ,Ug;gtUk; ghJfhg;Gg; ngw;wtuhthH.

· ,d;Dk; mG+R/g;ahdpd; tPl;bw;Fs; Eioe;J nfhz;ltHfSk; ghJfhg;Gg; ngw;wtHfshthHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ ,e;j gue;j kdk; gilj;j mwptpg;gpd; fhuzkhf> mg;gh]; (uop) mtHfspd;

cjtpAld;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; ftdj;ijf; ftHe;j mG+R/g;ahd; mtHfs;> ,iwj;J}jH(]y;)

mtHfspd; jpUf;fuq;fisg; gw;wpf; nfhz;L> KO kdJld; ,iwkhHf;fj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

Page 8: History of islamic army generals in tamil

K];ypk;fs; Gil #o ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> ]P jth vd;w ngUntspapy; epd;W nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ>

mtHfsJ fz;fspypUe;J Mde;jf; fz;zPH Mwha; XbaJ. mg;nghOJ> ,Nj kf;fhtpy; jd;id kpf mepahakhf

Ciu tpl;Nl tpul;b tpl;l me;j Nrhf ehl;fisAk; epidj;Jg; ghHj;jhHfs;. Mdhy; mNj efuk; ,d;iwf;F

jdJ ,wf;ifiaj; jho tphpj;Jf; nfhz;L> jd;id tuNtw;fj; jpuz;L epw;gij ,l;L> Mde;jf; fz;zPH

tope;Njhbf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,Nj efuj;jpy; jhNd yhj;ijAk;> c];]h itAk; jq;fsJ ,izj;

nja;tq;fshfg; gpufldg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;Lk;> ,jid Vw;f kWj;J Xhpiwf; nfhs;ifia Vw;Wf; nfhz;l

K];ypk;fis nrhy;nyhz;zh Jauj;jpw;F Mshf;fpaNjhL> mjpy; rpyuJ ,uj;jj;ijAk; ,e;jg; Gdpj G+kpapy;

Xl;ba ,tHfs; jhd; ,d;iwf;F> jq;fSf;F K`k;kJ mtHfs; kd;dpg;G toq;f khl;lhuh? vd;W Vq;fp

epw;fpd;whHfs;. ,g;nghOJ capHg; gpr;ir Nfl;L epw;fpd;whHfs;.

,d;Dk; \hg; mgPjhypg; vd;w fzthapy; itj;J> grpf; nfhLikapy; K];ypk;fis tWj;njLj;jtHfSk; ,tHfs;

jhNd. ,d;iwf;F mNj kf;fs; jq;fs; kPJ fUiz fhl;Lk;gb Ntz;b epw;fpd;whHfs;.

,e;j khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;jpj; je;j ,iwtDf;F ed;wp nrYj;JKfkhf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> rpuk; gzpe;J

ntw;wpia mspj;j ,iwtDf;F ed;wp $wpdhHfs;.

,izitg;gpd; Nfhl;il jfHf;fg;gly;

kf;fhtpw;Fg; gpd; Ie;J ehl;fs; fopj;J> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfspd; jiyikapy; 30 K];ypk; giltPuHfis

ef;yh vd;w ,lj;jpw;F ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. ,e;j ,lj;jpy; jhd; kf;fj;Jf;

Fiw\pfSk;> ,izitg;ghsHfSk; mgak; Njb ,Ue;J nfhz;L> mq;F c];]h vd;w nja;tj;jpw;F rpiy

vLj;J Nfhapy; xd;iwAk; epHkhzpj;J itj;jpUe;jdH. ,izitg;ghsHfspd; ,e;j NfhapiyAk;> mtHfs; mgak;

GFe;jpUe;j me;j Nfhl;iliaAk; jfHj;njwpAkhW fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfspd; jiyikapd; fPo; nrd;w

gilf;F cj;juT gpwf;fg;gl;lJ. Nkw;fz;l ,e;j eltbf;if ,iwepuhfhpg;ghsHfSf;F kj;jpapy; fLikahd

vjpHtpisit Vw;gLj;jpapUe;jJ. mjpYk; NghHf;Fzk; gilj;j> gakwpahJ Nghhplf; $ba fd;dhdh kw;Wk; k]hH

Fyj;jtHfspilNa ,e;j NghH eltbf;if kpfg; nghpa jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ. NkYk; ,e;j c];]h

nja;tj;jpw;fhf fl;lg;gl;l Nfhapy;> gD} `p]hk; Fyj;jpd; Jizf; Nfhj;jpukhd gD} i\ghd; Fyj;jpd;

ghJfhg;gpd; fPo; ,Ue;J te;jJ. ,e;jg; gilnaLg;G xd;Wk; kpfTk; vspjhdnjhU nrayy;y. khwhf mJ

,izitg;gpd; Nfhl;ilahfj; jpfo;e;J nfhz;bUe;jjhy;> ,iwepuhfhpg;ghsHfs; ntF vspjhf mjidf;

ifg;gw;w K];ypk;fis tpl;L tpl khl;lhHfs;. Mdhy; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfSk;> mtHfsJ gilapdUk;

nfhz;l ,iwek;gpf;ifapd; jhf;fj;jhy;> me;jf; fLikahd gzpia kpf ,yFthf Kbj;Jf; fhl;bdhHfs;.

c];]h Jz;L Jz;lhf nehUf;fpj; js;sg;gl;lJ.

X c];]hNt> eP xU ngha;f; flTs;> cdf;F ve;jg; GfOk; fpilahJ> ve;j ,iwj;jd;ikAk; fpilahJ.

GfOf;Fhpa ehadhd my;yh`; cdJ juj;ijj; jho;j;jp tpl;lhd;> vdJ iffspdhy; cd;idr; rpWikg;gLj;jp

tpl;lhd; vd;W Koq;fpf; nfhz;Nl mjidj; Jz;L Jz;lhf Mf;fpa fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs;> gpd;

me;jj; Jz;Lfis xd;wpizj;J jP itj;Jf; nfhSj;jp tpl;lhH.

kf;fh ntw;wpf;Fg; gpd;> kf;fhitr; Rw;wpYk; cs;s gFjpfSf;F ,];yhj;jpd; J}ijg; gw;wp vLj;Jr;

nrhy;tjw;fhf gy;NtW FOf;fs; mDg;gg;gl;ld. mg;gb mDg;gg;gl;l FO xd;Wf;F fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop)

mtHfs; mDg;gg;gl;lhHfs;. mt;thW ,thpd; jiyikapd; fPo; mDg;gg;gl;l FOtpy;> igmj;JH hpo;thd; vd;w

tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;G kpf;f xg;ge;jj;jpd; nghOJ fye;J nfhz;l> kjpg;Gkpf;f egpj;NjhoHfshd mg;JH u`;khd; gpd;

mt;/g; (uop)> mg;Jy;yh gpd; ckH (uop) Nghd;wtHfs; ,Ue;jhHfs;.

gD} f]Pkh vd;nwhU efuk; kf;fhtpy; ,Ue;J xU ehs; gaz J}uj;jpy; ,Ue;jJ. fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop)

jiyikapy; xU FO mtHfsJ efuj;ij neUq;fpf; nfhz;bUg;gijg; ghHj;j me;j efuj;J kf;fs;> efiu

tpl;L ntspNa MAjq;fSld; te;J epd;wdH. mt;thW epd;w me;j kf;fisg; ghHj;J fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop)

mtHfs;> ePq;fs; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;s tpUk;Gfpd;wPHfsh? vd;W NfllhH. mjw;F me;j kf;fs; ehq;fs;

rhgpaPd;fs; - mjhtJ ve;j kjj;ijAk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;shj ehj;jpfHfs; vd;W $wpdhHfs;. ,jidf; Nfl;l fhypj;

gpd; tyPj; (uop) clNd me;j kf;fs; kPJ NghH njhLj;jhHfs;. rpyH nfhy;yg;gl;ldH. gyH gae;J jq;fs;

tPLfSf;Fs; xspe;J nfhz;lhHfs;. ntF rPf;fpuNk mtHfsJ ,y;yq;fspypUe;J ntspf; nfhzug;gl;L> ifJ

nra;ag;gl;ldH. ,d;Dk; kWehs; mtHfs; nfhiy nra;ag;gl ,Uf;fpd;whHfs; vd;Wk; $wg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; ,e;j

Page 9: History of islamic army generals in tamil

cj;juTf;F mg;JH u`;khd; ,g;D mt;/g; (uop) kw;Wk; mg;Jy;yh gpd; ckH (uop) Nghd;w egpj;NjhoHfs; rk;kjk;

njhptpf;ftpy;iy. mtHfisf; nfhiy nra;tjw;F kWg;G njhptpj;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; me;j kf;fs; ,];yhj;ij

Vw;Wf; nfhz;L K];ypk;fshfp tpl;ltHfs; vd;W ehq;fs; Nfs;tpg;gLfpd;Nwhk; vd;Wk; ,UtUk; fhypj; gpd; tyPj;

(uop) mtHfsplk; $wpdhHfs;.

mtHfs; K];ypk;fs; vd;W nrhd;dhy; Vd; vd;dplk; rhgpaPd;fs; vd;W $w Ntz;Lk;. jaf;fkpy;yhJ ehq;fs;

K];ypk;fs; vd;W mtHfs; $wpapUf;fyhNk vd;W fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; jdJ NjhoHfsplk; fUj;Jj;

njhptpj;jhHfs;. mtHfs; gad;gLj;jp rhgpaPd;fs; vd;w thHj;ij %yk; mtHfs; ,];yhj;ij tpUk;gtpy;iy

vd;wy;yth njhpfpd;wJ vd;Wk; Nfl;lhHfs;. ,d;Dk; ,jdhy; ,tHfs; nfhiy nra;ag;gl Ntz;batHfs; vd;W

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; jdJ fUj;ijf; $wpdhHfs;.

,khk; ,g;D jkPkh> my;yhkh Idp kw;Wk; `hgp]; ,g;D `[H Nghd;w mwpQH ngUkf;fs; $WtjhtJ> me;j

gD} F]kh Nfhj;jpuj;J kf;fs;> ehq;fs; K];ypk;fs; jhd; vd;w gjpiyj; njspthfj; njhptpj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;

vd;W fUj;Jj; njhptpj;Js;shHfs;.

,J jhd; xU gilj;jsgjpapd; mbg;gilf; Fzhjpraq;fSk;> gz;GfSkhFk;> mtHfs; jq;fsJ Neuq;fs;

tpiuakhFtij tpUk;g khl;lhHfs;. ,f;fl;lhd #o;epiyapy; kpf tpiue;J KbntLj;J> gpur;idia fl;Lf;Fs;

nfhz;L tUtijNa tpUk;GthHfs;. vdNt jhd; mtHfs; jq;fsJ cjLfspy; rhgpaPd;fs; vd;w thHj;ijia

nkhope;jJld;> ,tHfs; ,];yhj;ij tpUk;gtpy;iy vd;gij KbntLj;J tpl;lhH> ,d;Dk; ve;j K];ypKk; ehd;

,iwek;gpf;if nfhz;ltdy;yd; vd;w nghUs; nfhz;l thHj;ijia vd;iwf;Fk; nkhopa khl;lhd;. vdNt jhd;

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs;> clNd jdJ eltbf;ifiaj; njhLj;J tpl;lhHfs;. gD} F]hkh

Fyj;jtHfspd; ,e;j jtwhd eltbf;ifapd; fhuzkhf mtHfs; fLikahd capHr; Nrjq;fisAk;> nghUl;

Nrjq;fisAk; mile;J tpl;lhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,e;j rk;gtj;ijf; Nfs;tpg;gl;L kpfTk; tUj;jkile;j NghjpYk;> fhypj; gpd; tyPj;

(uop) mtHfis ve;j tpjj;jpYk; Fw;wg;gLj;jpg; ghHf;ftpy;iy. Vnddpy; ,J Kw;wpYk; jtwhd Ghpe;JzHtpd;

fhuzkhf vOe;j eltbf;if jhd; vd;gij ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; Ghpe;J nfhz;lJ jhd; fhuzkhFk;.

gD} F]hkh Fyj;jtHfSf;F Vw;gl;l capHr;Nrjq;fSf;Fk;> ,d;Dk; nghUl;Nrjq;fisAk; <L nra;Ak; nghUl;L>

nghUl;fisAk;> nry;tq;fisAk; nfhLj;J mjw;F <Lnra;J tpl;L tUkhW> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; myp

(uop) mtHfis mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. ,e;j rk;gtj;jpw;Fg; gpd;Gk;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; gy NghHfSf;F

jsgjpahf epakpj;J> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfis mDg;gp itj;jpUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;gjd; %yk;> fhypj; gpd;

tyPj; (uop) mtHfspd; rpwg;Gf;fis ehk; mwpe;J nfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ.

`{idd; Aj;jk;

`{idd; vd;gJ xU ngUntsp> ,J jhap/g; efuj;jpw;F tlNkw;fhf 40 iky; J}uj;jpy; cjh]; kiyf;fUfpy;

mike;Js;sJ. ,e;jg; gFjpapy; `th]hd; vd;w NghHf;Fzk; gilj;j Fyj;jtHfs; tho;e;J te;jhHfs;. ,e;jg;

gFjpapy; ,tHfspd; fpisf; Fyj;jtHfs; gutp tho;e;J te;jhHfs;. ,tHfs; kpfr; rpwe;j tpy; tpj;ijapy;

nfl;bf;fhuHfSk; $l. ,tHfs; Muk;gk; KjNy> K];ypk;fis Nehf;fp vjpHj; jhf;Fjy; njhLg;gjw;F Kaw;rp

nra;J te;jtHfs;. kf;fh ntw;wpf;Fg; gpd;dH ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> ,e;jf; Fyj;jtHfsJ

eltbf;iffSf;Fg; gjpy; eltbf;if vLf;f tpUk;gpdhHfs;.

vdNt> ,e;jf; Fyj;jtHfSf;F vjpuhd ,e;jg; Nghhpy; fye;J nfhs;tjw;fhf gj;jhapuk; NgH nfhz;l gil

xd;W kjPdhtpy; ,Ue;J te;jpwq;fpaJ. ,d;Dk; kf;fhtpy; ,Ue;J ,uz;lhapuk; giltPuHfs; NrHe;J nfhs;s>

Mf nkhj;jk; 12 Mapuk; giltPuHfSld; `{idid Nehf;fp ,];yhkpag; gil ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd;

jiyikapy; efHe;jJ.

,e;jg; gilapd; gy gphpTfSf;F gy jiytHfs; epakpf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. ,jpy; K`h[pHfSf;Fj; jiytuhf ckH

(uop) mtHfSk;> mt;]; Fyj;ijr; NrHe;j m]Pj; gpd; `Pi]H (uop) mtHfs; nfhbia Ve;jpf; nfhs;gtuhfTk;>

rmj; gpd; ,ghjh (uop) mtHfs; f];u[; Fyj;jtHfSf;Fk;> ,d;Dk; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; gD} ryPk;

Fyj;jtHfSf;Fk; jiytHfshf epakpf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. ,tHfs; midtUk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

jiyikapy;> `{idd; ngUntspia> `p[;hp 8 Mk; Mz;L> \t;thy; khjk; 10 Mk; ehs; md;W mile;jhHfs;.

Page 10: History of islamic army generals in tamil

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfsJ jiyikapy; mDg;gg;gl;l gil Kd;dzpg; gilahf mDg;gg;gl;lJ. vjphpfspd;

gilNah ntWk; ehd;fhapuk; kl;LNk ,Ue;jJ. ,jidg; ghHj;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; NjhoHfs;>

epr;rak; ehk; ntw;wp ngw;W tpLNthk; vd;w cWjpahd ek;gpf;iff;F te;J tpl;lhHfs;. Mdhy;> ,jw;F Kd;

eilngw;w gy NghHfspy; fye;J nfhz;l K];ypk;fspd; vz;zpf;if Fiwthf ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> ,iwtdpd;

cjtpapdhy; jhd; ehk; me;j ntw;wpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Kbe;jJ vd;w ek;gpf;iff;F mtHfs; tuhky;> ehk;

vz;zpf;ifapy; mjpkhf cs;sjhy; fz;bg;ghf ntw;wp ngw;Nw jPUNthk; vd;w jtwhd KbTf;F te;jjd;

fhuzkhf> ,iwtd; mq;F Nrhjidia mtHfSf;F Vw;gLj;jpdhd;. vspjhfg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $ba

ntw;wpia kpfTk; fbdkhf khw;wpf; fhl;bdhd;. ,jidj; jhd; ,iwkiwf;FHMd; ,t;thW tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.

epr;rakhf my;yh`; cq;fSf;Fg; gy NghHf;fsq;fspy; cjtp nra;jpUf;fpd;whd;. (epidT $Wq;fs;). Mdhy;

`{idd; (NghH ele;j) md;W. cq;fisg; ngUkfpo;r;rp nfhs;sr; nra;j cq;fSila mjpfkhd (kf;fs;)

njhif cq;fSf;F vt;tpjg; gyDk; mspf;ftpy;iy> (kpfTk;) gue;j G+kp cq;fSf;F (mg;NghJ) RUf;fkhfp

tpl;lJ. md;wpAk; ePq;fs; Gwq;fhl;bg; gpd;thq;fyhdPHfs;. gpd;dH my;yh`; jd;Dila J}jH kPJk;> K/kpd;fs;

kPJk; jd;Dila rhe;jpia ,wf;fpaUspdhd;. ePq;fs; ghHf;f Kbahg; gilfisAk; ,wf;fp itj;jhd;. (mjd;

%yk;) epuhfhpg;Nghiu Ntjidf;Fs;shf;fpdhd; - ,d;Dk; ,JNt epuhfhpg;Nghhpd; $ypahFk;. (9:25-26)

gD} jf;fP/g; kw;Wk; `th]hd; Mfpa Fyj;jtHfs; gJq;fp ,Ue;J nfhz;L jhf;FjYf;Fj; jahuhf ,Ue;j

mtHfs;> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfsJ jiyikapy; tUk; giltPuHfs; ,tHfsJ vy;iyf;Fs; Eioe;jJk;>

mk;G kioiag; nghopa Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ehk; NtuWf;fg;gl;L tpl;Nlhk; vd;W vz;ZksTf;F

,iwepuhfhpg;ghsHfspd; jhf;Fjy;fs; ,Ue;jd> ,d;Dk;> ,e;jj; jhf;Fjy;fisr; rkhspf;f ,ayhj K];ypk;fs;>

vjpHj;jhf;Fjiyj; njhLg;gij tpl;L tpl;L tpuz;Nlhl Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. FjpiufSk;> xl;lfq;fSk; ve;jg; gf;fk;

jpUk;gpdNth> me;jg; gf;fkhf fpilj;j topfis gad;gLj;jp Xl;lnkLf;f Muk;gpj;jd. vq;Fk; kuzf; $r;ry;

MHg;ghpj;jJ. ,d;Dk; xU rpy K];ypk; tPuHfs; jhd; jq;fsJ jiyikf;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;L> epiyFiyahky;

jq;fSila jiyikfSld; fsj;jpy; epd;W nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. xl;L nkhj;j jsgjpahfr; nrd;wpe;j

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,g;nghOJ K];ypk;fisg; ghHj;j miw$ty; tpLf;fyhdhHfs; :

epr;rakhf re;Njfkpd;wp> ehd; ,iwj;J}juhNtd;. ehd; mg;Jy; Kj;jypg; mtHfspd; kfDkhNtd; vd;W $wp

tpl;L>

cq;fsJ fz;fshy; vd;idg; ghUq;fs;> cq;fSf;F Kd;ghf ehd; epd;W nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwd;> ,d;Dk;

cWjpahfTk;> epiyFiyahkYk;> ,d;Dk; (vjphpfisf; fz;L) gae;J XlhkYk;..!

mg;gh]; (uop) mtHfs; gpd;G $tp miof;fyhdhHfs;..!

,iwek;gpf;ifahsHfNs! vq;Nf XLfpd;wPHfs;? cq;fsJ J}jhpd; gf;fk; jpUk;gp thUq;fs;. ty;yik kpf;f

my;yh`;tpd; J}jH cq;fis miof;fpd;whH! jpUk;gp thUq;fs;..! ,d;Dk; cq;fsJ J}jH (]y;) gf;fk;

thUq;fs; vd;W cuf;ff; $tp miof;fyhdhHfs;.

mg;gh]; (uop) mtHfspd; Xq;fpa FuNyhiriar; nrtpkLj;j egpj;NjhoHfs; midtUk;> Mfh..! ehk; jtW nra;J

tpl;NlhNk..! vd;W tUe;jpatHfshf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kPJ nfhz;l md;gpd; fhuzkhf kPz;Lk; jpUk;gp

te;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; mtHfs; Fuy; nfhLj;jtHfshf..!

X! my;yh`;tpd; J}jutHfNs! cq;fsJ miog;igf; Nfl;L ehq;fs; jpUk;gp te;J tpl;Nlhk; vd;W kWnkhop

$wpdhHfs;.

rpjwp Xba egpj;NjhoHfs; ,g;nghOJ> jq;fis xUq;fpizj;Jf; nfhz;L> ,oe;j rf;jpia kPz;Lk;

ngw;wtHfshf vjphpfis Nehf;fpg; gha Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ vjphpfs; egpj;NjhoHfspd; jhf;Fjy;fisr;

rkhspf;f ,ayhky;> gpd; thq;fpdhHfs;. rpwpJ Neuj;jpw;Fs;shf..! NghHf;fsf; fhl;rpfs; Kw;wpYk; khwp tpl;ld.

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfspd; $Hikahd ths;> vjphpfspd; gilfis Fj;jpf; fPwpf; nfhz;L

nrd;wNjhly;yhky;> vjpH nfhz;l mj;jid vjphpfisAk; Jtk;rk; nra;a Muk;gpj;jJ. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfsJ ciu kw;Wk; ,iwek;gpf;ifapd; kPJ nfhz;l Mtypy; gpwe;j capHj; Jbg;ghd rf;jpahdJ> ,g;nghOJ

,iwctg;Gg; ngw;Wj; juf; $ba> kuzj;ijr; Ritj;Jg; ghHg;gjw;fhf nfhOe;J tpl;nlwpe;j Mtyhf khwpaJ>

rpq;fj;ijg; Nghy vjphpfis vjpHj;Jg; Nghuhlj; J}z;baJ. ,e;jg; Nghhpy; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfSf;F

fLikahd fhaq;fs; Vw;gl;ld. ,Wjpahf K];ypk;fSf;F ntw;wp fpilj;jJ. fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfSf;F

Page 11: History of islamic army generals in tamil

Vw;gl;l fLikahd fhaq;fs;> uzj;ijj; juhky; ntw;wpapd; fspg;ig mDgtpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jd. ,d;Dk;>

jdJ mgpkhdkpf;f gilj;jsgjp fhaj;jhy; Jtz;L fplg;gij fhz tpiue;jhHfs;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfsJ fhaq;fisg; ghHf;f te;jJk;> mJNt jdf;Ff;

fpilj;j kpfg; ngUk; ghf;fpakhff; fUjpa fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfSf;F> re;Njh\k; fiuAilj;Jr;

nrd;wJ. ,d;Dk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ kyhpjo;fspypUe;J> vr;rpiy ckpo;e;J> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop)

mtHfsJ fhaq;fspy; jltp tpl;L> tpiue;J MWtjw;F gpuhHj;jpj;jhHfs;.

`{idd; Nghhpy; ntw;wp ngw;w gpd;G> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSk;> mtHfsJ NjhoHfSk; rpwpJ fhyk; mq;Nf

jq;fpapUe;J> fhak;gl;ltHfSf;F rpfpr;iriaAk;> Xa;Tk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,d;Dk; Njhw;W Xba rpy

vjphpfs; jhap/g; efuj;jpy; jpuz;L nfhz;bUg;gjhfr; nra;jpiaf; Nfs;tpg;gl;lhHfs;. jhap/g; efuk; ,uz;L

kiyfSf;fpilapy; mike;j> tptrha tskpf;f kw;Wk; FspHr;rpahd efuKk; $l. ,q;Fs;s jz;zPH Cw;Wf;fSk;>

fdptHf;fKk;> fha;fwp tHf;fKk; gpurpj;jp ngw;wit.

,e;j efuk; jhd; Ke;ija kf;fh tho;f;ifapy; xUKiw ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> ,];yhj;jpd; J}ij

vLj;J itf;fr; nrd;w nghOJ> ,];yhj;ij ,jkhf tuNtw;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis

nrhy;nyhz;zh Jauj;jpw;F Mshf;fpaNjhL> ,uj;jk; nrhl;lr; nrhl;l ntspNaw;wpaJ. ,];yhj;ijg;

Gwf;fzpj;jJ. gLfhakile;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; xU Njhl;lj;jpw;Fs; nrd;W jQ;rkile;jhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F NeHe;j ,e;jf; nfhLikfisAk;> ,uj;jk; nrhl;lr; nrhl;l kuepoypy;

mkHe;jpUg;gijf; fz;l thdtHfs;> cq;fisj; Jd;GWj;jpa ,e;j kf;fis ,e;j ,U kiyfSf;F ,ilNa

itj;J ehq;fs; eRf;fp> mopj;J tpLfpd;Nwhk; vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; Nfl;l nghOJ> mjw;F

mDkjp kWj;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> ehd; kf;fisj; Jd;GWj;Jtjw;fhfNth my;yJ

mopj;njhopg;gjw;fhfNth mDg;gg;gl;l J}jdy;y> ,d;wpy;yh tpl;lhYk; ehis ,tHfsJ re;jjpapduhtJ

,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $Lky;yth? vd;W tpsf;fkspj;jhHfs;. md;iwf;F ,uj;jk; nrhl;lr; nrhl;l

ntspNaw;wg;gl;l ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> ,d;iwf;F mNj efuj;jpy; xU kpfg; nghpa gilapd; jiyikj;

jsgjpahf cs;Ns Eiofpd;whHfs;. Eioe;jNjhL kl;Lky;yhJ md;iwa kpfg; nghpa Fyq;fshf tpsq;fpa gD}

ft]hd; kw;Wk; mtHfsJ el;Gf; Fyq;fSf;F vjpuhfNt gil elj;jp te;jpUe;jhHfs;. gD} ft]hd;fs;

K];ypk;fspd; kpfg; nghpa giliag; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ> gD} jf;fPg; Fyj;jtHfs; jq;fsJ

Nfhl;ilf;Fs; nrd;W xspe;J nfhz;lhHfs;.

Nfhl;ilia Kw;Wifapl;l K];ypk;fs;> ,g;nghOJ fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; topahf..> vjphpfNs...!

vq;fis Nehpy; te;J re;jpAq;fs;...!! vd;W miw$ty; tpl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop)

mtHfNsh risf;fhJ vjphpfis Nehf;fp miw$ty; tpl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. K];ypk;fspd; miw$tiy

Nehpy; te;J re;jpf;fj; jpuhzpaw;w vjphpfs; Nfhl;ilf;Fs; ghJfhg;ghf ,Ue;J nfhz;lhHfs;. ,d;Dk;

Nfhl;ilf;Fs; xU tUlj;jpw;Fj; Njitahd czTg; nghUl;fs;> jz;zPH Nghd;wtw;iwAk; mtHfs; Kd;Ng

Nrfhpj;Jk; itj;jpUe;jhHfs;. ,Nj epiy njhlHe;J nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ> Kw;Wifiaf; iftpLkhW mGgf;fH

(uop) mtHfs; MNyhrid $w> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSk; rk;kjpj;j gpd; Kw;WifahdJ 18 ehl;fSf;Fg; gpd;

iftplg;gl;lJ. Kw;Wif iftplg;gl;l rpwpJ ehl;fSf;Fs; gD} fth]hd; kw;Wk; gD} jf;fPg; Fyj;jtHfs;

,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. Kw;Wifapd; nghOJ> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; fhl;ba tPuk;> kw;Wk;

nfhz;l nfhs;ifapy; cWjp> mw;gzpg;G Mfpa midj;Jk; ,ize;J ,];yhj;jpid NkNyhq;fr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;

vd;w mtuJ cWjpia ntspg;gLj;jpf; fhl;baJ. re;Njfkpy;yhky; xt;nthU jsgjpf;Fk; ,e;j NguhHtk; ,Uf;f

Ntz;baJ mtrpaKk;> ,d;Dk; ,J jhd; jiyikf;Nf chpa gz;GkhFk;.

gD} ft]h vd;gJ gD} K];jyf; vd;w Fyj;jpd; xU fpisapduhtH. ,e;jf; Fyj;jtHfs; `p[;hp 6 Mk; Mz;L

thf;fpy; ,];yhj;jpid jq;fsJ tho;tpay; newpahf Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. xUKiw ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

jdJ gpujpepjp xUtiu mDg;gp> me;j kf;fsplk; [fhj; vd;w Vio thpia t#ypj;J tUk;gb mDg;gp

itj;jhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplkpUe;J gpujpepjpfspd; FO xd;W tUtij mwpe;J> me;jf;

Fyj;jiytHfs; jq;fsJ ,Ug;gplj;ij tpl;L ntspf;fpsk;gp> GwefHg; gFjpf;F te;J tuf; $ba jiytHfis

tuNtw;ff; fhj;jpUe;jhHfs;. gpujpepjpfs; efiu neUq;f> mtHfis vjpHnfhz;liog;gjw;f;fhf jiytHfs;

tUtijj; jtwhfg; Ghpe;J nfhz;l gpujpepjpfs;> mtHfs; jq;fisj; jhf;fj; jhd; tUfpd;whHfs; vd epidj;J>

gae;jtHfshf kjPdhtpw;Nf kPz;Lk; jpUk;gp te;J tpLfpd;whHfs;. ,d;Dk; gD} K];jyf; Fyj;jtHfs; [fhj; ju

kWj;J tpl;lhHfs; vd;w nra;jpia ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; ,e;jg; gpujpepjpfs; $wpaTld;> ,iwj;J}jH

Page 12: History of islamic army generals in tamil

(]y;) mtHfs; NgujpHr;rp mile;jhHfs;. NkYk;> ,J tp\akhf mtHfs; kPJ NghH njhLg;gjw;F Kd;G> fhypj;

gpd; tyPj; (uop) jiyikapy; xU FOit mDg;gp cz;ik epytuj;ij Kjypy; mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; tpUk;gpaNjhly;yhky;> fhypj; gpy; tyPj; (uop) jiyikapy; xU FOitAk; mDg;gp

itj;jhHfs;. ,f;FOTf;F fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfisj; NjHe;njLj;jjd; fhuznkd;dntdpy;> mtHfspd;

njhiyNehf;Fg; ghHit> mwpT kw;Wk; epuk;gpa gy jFjpfs; jhd; fhuzkhFk; vd;gjpy; re;Njfkpy;iy.

,d;Dk; me;j kf;fisr; re;jpf;Fkplj;J ve;jtpj czHr;rpfSf;Fk; ,lq;nfhlhky;> epiyikia ed;F

mtjhdpj;J ele;J nfhs;Sk;gb ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; mwpTWj;jp mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk;

nghWikAk;> rfpg;Gj; jd;ikAk; jhd; ,e;j Neuj;jpy; mjpfk; Njitg;glf; $ba ew;gz;GfshFk; vd;Wk; mtHfs;

$wpdhHfs;.

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; gD} K];jyf; Fyj;jtHfspd; ,Ug;gplj;ij ,utpd; eLg;gFjpapy; mile;jhHfs;.

efhpd; epytuj;ij rhpahff; fzpg;gpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W epidj;j fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs;> jdJ NjhoH

xUtiu khWNtlk; mzpar; nra;J efUf;Fs; mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. khWNtlk; mzpe;J efUf;Fs; nrd;w me;j

kdpjH jpUk;gp te;J> epr;rakhf me;j kf;fs; K];ypk;fs; jhd;. mtHfs; mjpfhiyj; njhOifia gs;spthrypy;

epiwNtw;Wtijf; fz;Nld;> ,d;Dk; mtHfs; Fiwthd kf;fs; njhifapduhfj; jhd; ,Uf;fpd;whHfs; vd;Wk;

$wpdhH. ,jidf; Nfl;l fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; re;Njh\kile;jtHfshf> mtHfsJ ey

tho;Tf;fhfTk;> kWikf;fhfTk; gpuhHj;jpj;jhHfs;.

mjpfhiy Neuk; rw;W ntspr;rk; gutpaJk; jhNd efUf;Fs; nrd;W> efhpd; Kf;fpaj; jiytHfisr; re;jpj;j

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs;> [fhj; nfhLf;f kWj;jjd; fhuzj;ij mtHfsplk; tpdtpdhHfs;. mg;nghOJ>

ele;j cz;ik tpguj;ij me;jj; jiytHfs; tpsf;fpdhHfs;. jhq;fs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplkpUe;J te;j

gpujpepjpfis vjpHnfhz;L tutiof;f efhpd; ntspg;gFjpf;F te;jjhfTk;> ehq;fs; tUtijg; ghHj;j mtHfs;

jhf;Fjy; elj;jj; jhd; tUfpd;Nwhk; vd;W jtwhfg; Ghpe;J nfhz;L> jpUk;gp te;J tpl;ljhfTk;

tpsf;fkspj;jhHfs;.

gD} K];jyf; jiytHfs; je;j tpsf;fj;ijf; Nfl;l fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; mjpHr;rp mile;jhHfs;.

,d;Dk; me;j kf;fspd; khHf;f mbg;gil mwpT kw;Wk; ,];yhkpa xOf;f tpOkpaq;fisg; NgZtjpy; mtHfs;

fhl;ba MHtk; Mfpa midj;ijg; gw;wpAk; mwpe;J nfhz;l fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs;> jpUg;jpAk;>

re;Njh\Kk; mile;jhHfs;.

kjPdh jpUk;gpaJk; ele;j tpguq;fis ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; tpsf;fpa fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs;>

mtHfs; ve;j Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;Fk; chpj;jhdtHfs; my;y vd;gijAk;> [fhj; nfhLg;gjpy; mtHfs; MHtKs;stHfs;

jhd; vd;gijAk; tpsf;fpdhHfs;. ehk; mDg;gpa Ke;ija gpujpepjpfs; jhd;> ele;j rk;gtq;fisg; gw;wp ekf;F

njspthd jfty;fisj; juhky; khWgl;l jfty;fisj; je;jpUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;Wk; $wpdhHfs;. mg;nghOJ>

,e;j epfo;r;rpapd; nghUl;L my;yh`; fPo;f;fz;l trdj;ij ,wf;fp mUspdhd; :

K/kpd;fNs! /gh]pf; (jPatd;) vtDk; cq;fsplk; xU nra;jpiaf; nfhz;L te;jhy;> mijj; jPHf;f tprhhpj;Jf;

nfhs;Sq;fs;; (,y;iyNay;) mwpahikapdhy; (Fw;w kw;w) xU r%fj;jhUf;F ePq;fs; jPq;F nra;J tplyhk;;

gpd;dH ePq;fs; nra;jit gw;wp ePq;fNs ifNrjg;gLgtHfshf (ftiyg;gLgtHfshf) MtPHfs;. (49:6)

,q;Nf ehk; ftdpf;f Ntz;baJ vd;dntd;why;> gD} K];jyf; Fyj;jtHfs; [fhj; ju kWf;fpd;whHfs; vd;w

jtwhd nra;jpiaf; Nfs;tpg;gl;L mtHfs; kPJ NghH K];jPGfs; nra;ag;gl;;ld> gpd; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop)

mtHfs; jiyikapy; nrd;w gil ,jw;fhd rhpahd jPHitf; nfhz;L te;jJ> gpur;idia kpfTk; ,yFthfj;

jPHj;J tpl;Lk; te;jJ. ,d;Dk; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfis mDg;gp itf;Fk; nghOJ> jdJ jsgjpf;F

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; nfhLj;jDg;gpa mwpTiuAk; ftdpf;fj;jf;fJ. ,e;j mwpTiuahdJ fhypj; gpd; tyPj;

(uop) mtHfis nghWikahfTk;> epjhdkhfTk; eltbf;ifia vLf;fj; Jiz Ghpe;jNjhly;yhky;> mtuJ J}u

Nehf;F kw;Wk; gpur;idiaj; jPHj;J itf;ff; $ba Nguhw;wy; Mfpatw;iwAk; ntspg;gLj;jpf; fhl;baJ>

,iwtDf;F khW nra;J tpl;lhHfNs vd;W vz;zp mtHfs; kPJ fLk; Nghiuj; jpzf;fhJ epiyikr;

rPHJ}f;fpg; ghHf;f itj;jJ. kpfg; nghpanjhU NghH jtpHf;fg;gl;lNjhly;yhky;> tpiy kjpf;f Kbahj capHfs;

kw;Wk; nghUl; Nrjq;fSk; jtpHf;fg;gl;ld. ,Nj Nghd;wnjhU epfo;T gD} f]Pkh Fyj;jtHfsplKk; ele;jJ.

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; nrd;w ,lnky;yhk; ntw;wpf; nfhb ehl;b tpl;L te;jhHfs;. mtuJ mwpT>

JzpT> ngUik ahTk; ,g;nghOJ K];ypk;fis ngUik nfhs;sr; nra;jJ. mtuJ jiyikapd; fPo;

Page 13: History of islamic army generals in tamil

gzpahw;WtJ K];ypk;fSf;F jd;dk;gpf;ifia mspj;jJ> kd cWjpiaAk; mspj;jJ. mtH nrd;w ,lnky;yhk;

ntw;wpiaj; jtpu NtnwjidAk; ngw;Wj; jpUk;gpajpy;iy. mtH nrd;w ,lnky;yhk; ,];yhkpaf; nfhb thDaug;

gwf;f tplg;gl;lJ. ,];yhj;jpd; ngUik epiyehl;lg;gl;lJ. kpfg; nghpa rhk;uh[;aq;fshf NuhKk;> ghurPfKk;

mtuJ tPuj;jpd; Kd; kz;bapl;L epd;wd. epr;rakhf> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfspd; tPuKk;> jPuKk;

nkr;rj;jf;f xd;W jhd;.

jG+f; Aj;jk;

jG+f; vd;w ,lk; kjPdhtpw;F tlf;Nf rw;W 680 iky;fs; njhiytpy; cs;s ,lkhFk;. `p[;hp 9 Mk; tUlk;

fLikahd Nfhilapd; nghOJ> kpfr; rpuukkhdnjhU #o;epiyapy; ntapypd; nfhLik xU Gwk;> njhlHe;jhw;

Nghy gy NghHfs;> ,d;Dk; fuLKulhd ghij Mfpa midj;ijAk; fle;J> jG+f; vd;w ,e;j ,lj;jpw;F 30

Mapuk; K];ypk; giltPuHfisf; nfhz;l gilAld; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; tUfpd;whHfs;. ,e;jg; gFjpapy;

Fbg;gjw;Ff; $l mtHfSf;Fj; jz;zPH fpilf;fhjnjhU #o;epiy. Mdhy; xNu xU ,lj;jpy; kl;Lk; jz;zPH

rpwpJ frpe;J nfhz;bUe;jJ. xSr; nra;J jd;idr; Rj;jg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf mjpypUe;J rpwpJ jz;zPiuj;

gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L tUk;gb ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ NjhoHfis Ntz;bf; nfhs;fpd;whHfs;. frpe;J

te;J nfhz;bUe;j me;jj; jz;zPiug; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L te;jhHfs; NjhoHfs;. mjpypUe;J jdJ if> fhy;fs;>

Kfj;ijAk; fOtpf; nfhz;l ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kPjpj; jz;zPiu> vq;Nf jz;zPH frpe;J

nfhz;bUe;jNjh mjd; kPNj jpUg;gp Cw;wp tpl;lhHfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;. vq;Nf jz;zPiu

Cw;wpdhHfNsh> mq;fpUe;Nj ,b Nghd;w rg;jj;Jld; jz;zPHr; Rid xd;W nghq;fpf; nfhz;L te;jJ.

me;jf; Nfhilapd; ntg;gj;jhy; vq;Nf jq;fsJ Njhy;fs; ntbj;J tpLNkh vd;W ,iwj;NjhoHfs; epidf;Fk;

msTf;F mg;nghOJ ntapypd; nfhLik ,Ue;jJ. ,e;j Neuj;jpy; mq;Nf jz;zPH Cw;Wg; nghq;fp te;jJ>

mtHfsJ NtjidfisAk; jPHj;jJ> ,d;Dk; mJ mUl;nfhilahfTk; mike;jJ. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfSld; te;jpUe;j midj;J K];ypk; giltPuHfSk; me;jj; jz;zPiug; gUfpdhHfs;> Fspj;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk;

jq;fSf;Fj; Njitahd jz;zPiur; Nrkpj;Jk; itj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;> ,d;Dk; mjid tpl ,oe;j rf;jpia

mjd; %yk; kPl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,e;j mUl;nfhilf;fhf midtUk; ,iwtDf;F ed;wp nrYj;jpdhHfs;>

Gfo;e;jhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ> KMj; gpd; [gy; (uop) mtHfisg; ghHj;J ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; :

ePz;l ehl;fs; ePq;fs; tho;e;jPHfs; vd;W nrhd;dhy;> ,e;j ,lj;jpy; gr;irg; gNrnyd;W Njhl;lq;fisf;

fhz;gPHfs; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; ,e;j Kd;dwptpg;G> thHj;ijf;F thHj;ij cz;ikahdJ. mw;Gjkhf ntspte;j

me;j eP&w;wpypUe;J ntspf;fpsk;gpa ePuhdJ me;jg; gFjpiaNa gr;irg; gNrnyd;w Njhl;lkhf> capHj; Jbg;Gs;s

G+kpahf khw;wpaJ. ,d;wsTk; me;jg; G+kp gRikahfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. fhz;NghH fz;fis FspHtpj;J

tUfpd;wJ. ,d;Dk; md;W ntspf;fpsk;gpa me;j eP&w;W ,d;wsTk; njhlHe;J jdJ mw;Gjj;ij epfo;j;jpf;

nfhz;L tUtNjhL> me;jg; gFjpahdJ ,d;wsTk; tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;G kpf;f jskhfj; jpfo;e;J tUfpd;wJ.

tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;G kpf;f me;jg; gFjpia kf;fs; fhz;gNjhL> ,];yhj;jpd; kfj;Jtj;ijAk; fz;L tUfpd;whHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jG+f;if Nehf;fp gil Nehf;fpg; gil elj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ> rphpahtpy;

,Ue;J te;J nfhz;bUe;j tzpff; $l;lk; %yk;> Nuhkr; rf;futHj;jp K];ypk;fis mopj;njhopg;gjw;fhf kpfg;

ngUk; gil xd;iwj; jpul;bf; nfhz;L kjPdhtpw;Fs; Eiotjw;fhf jahHgLj;jp tUfpd;whH vd;w nra;jpiaf;

Nfs;tpg;gLfpd;whHfs;. ,d;Dk; mtHfNshL gy muGf; Fyj;jtHfSk; if NfhHf;ff; fhj;jpUg;gjhfTk;> mtHfs;

midtUk; NrHe;J K];ypk;fis ,e;jg; G+kpg; ge;jpypUe;J Jilj;njwptjw;Ff; fq;fzk; fl;b> jq;fsJ

gilfisj; jpul;b tUtjhfTk; mwpe;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; Nuhkr; rf;futHj;jpapd; gilfs; Vw;fdNt kjPdhit

Nehf;fpg; Gwg;gl;L tpl;ljhfTk;> me;jg; gil ,g;nghOJ rphpahtpd; vy;iyg; gFjpahfpa gy;fh vd;w ,lj;ij

mile;jpUg;gjhfTk; vd;w nra;jpiaf; Nfs;tpg;gl;l ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> Nuhkr; rf;futHj;jpia vjpHj;Jg;

NghH Ghptjw;F jq;fsJ cly;> nghUs;> Mtp mj;jidiaAk; jj;jk; nra;jtw;F jhauhFk;gb jdJ

NjhoHfSf;Ff; fl;lis ,l;lhHfs;.

gazk; kpf J}ukhdjhf ,Ug;gjpd; fhuzkhf> kpf ePz;l njhiyTf;F Vw;whw; Nghy czT kw;Wk; gilj;

jsthlq;fisj; jahhpf;Fk;gb ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; cj;jutpl;lNjhL> vjphpfs; ekJ vy;iyf;Fs;

Eiotjw;Fs;> ehk; mtHfis Ke;jpf; nfhz;L mtHfis vjpHNehf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

Page 14: History of islamic army generals in tamil

mtHfs; tpUk;gpdhHfs;. vdNt mjw;Nfw;whw; Nghy cldb eltbf;ifia Nkw;nfhz;lhHfs;.

30 Mapuk; gil tPuHfspy; 10 Mapuk; Fjpiug;gil tPuHfSk; mlq;FtH. Nuhkg; gil K];ypk;fspd;

gpuNjrq;fSf;Fs; Eiotjw;Fs; K];ypk;fspd; gil mzp> jG+f; Ngha;r; NrHe;J tpl;lJ. Kd;dzpg; gilf;F

fhypj; gpd; typj; (uop) mtHfSk;> tyJ Gw mzpf;F jy;`h gpd; mga;Jy;yh (uop) mtHfSk;> ,lJ Gw

mzpf;F mg;JHu`;khd; gpd; mt;/g; (uop) mtHfSk; jiyik jhq;fp gilfis elj;jpr; nrd;whHfs;.

20 ehl;fs; Nuhkg; gilfis jG+f;fpy; vjpHghHj;J K];ypk;fspd; gil fhj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. Mdhy;

K];ypk;fis vjpHnfhs;sj; Jzptw;w Nuhkg; gil fsj;jpw;F tuNt ,y;iy. K];ypk;fspd; gilj;jahhpg;Gfisg;

gw;wp xw;wHfs; %yk; mwpe;J nfhz;l Nuhkg; Nguurd; rP]H> ,J NghH nra;tjw;Fj; jFe;j jUzky;y vd;W

Nghiuf; iftpl;L tpl;lhd;.

NghH iftplg;gl;l epiyapy;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) jG+f;ifr; Rw;wpAs;s gFjpfSf;Fj; jdJ NjhoHfis mDg;gp>

mq;Fs;s Fyj;jtHfSf;F ,];yhj;jpd; Nghjid vLj;J itj;jhHfs;. ,];yhj;jpd; miog;gpy; ftug;gl;l gy

Fyq;fs; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;ld. ,d;Dk; gy fpwp];jtj; jiytHfs; ,];yhj;jpd; cd;djj;ij mwpe;J

nfhz;L> K];ypk;fsplk; xg;ge;jq;fisr; nra;J nfhz;lhHfs;.

,d;Dk; K];ypk;fspd; tPuk; kw;Wk; JzpT fz;L rphpahtpd; kd;dH kpfTk; gpukpj;Jg; NghdhH. K];ypk;fisg; gw;wpa

jhf;fk; mthplk; mjpfkhfpaJ.

jhj;J [d;jy;

jhj;J [d;jy; vd;w Fyj;jpdH trpf;Fk; gpuNjrj;ijf; ifg;gw;Wtjw;fhf 500 NgH nfhz;l gilg; gphpit fhypj;

gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; jiyikapy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. me;jf; Fyj; jiytH

mfPjH gpd; mg;Jy; khypf; vd;gtiu capUld; gpbj;J ,q;F nfhz;L thUq;fs; vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;. fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) jiyikapy; nrd;w gilahdJ kpf Ntfkhfg; gazpj;J>

jhj;J [d;jiy ,utpNyNa mile;J tpl;lhHfs;. ,d;Dk; me;j ,lj;ij mile;jJk;> jdJ NjhoHfis

nkJthfg; Ngrpf; nfhs;Sk;gbAk;> ,d;Dk; Fjpiufis nkJthf elf;f tpl;L ryryg;G ,y;yhky; efuj;jpw;Fs;

EioAk;gbAk; fl;lisapl;lhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ> KOr; #o;epiyAk; kpfTk; mikjpahf ,Ue;jJ. mfPjH gpd; mg;Jy; khypf; jdJ kidtpAld;

cy;yhrkhf ,Ue;J nfhz;L> kJghdj;ijAk; mUe;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;. fhl;by; ,Ue;J CUf;Fs; te;jnjhU

nts;is epw kpUfk; xd;W> Nfhl;ilapd; fjit jdJ jiyahy; Kl;bf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. fjT jl;lg;gLk;

Xiriar; nrtp kLj;j mtdJ kidtp> ePq;fs; vjpHghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j cq;fsJ Ntl;ilg; gpuhzp

,g;nghOJ cq;fsJ fjTf;fUfpy; te;J tpl;lJ> ,e;j re;jHg;gj;ij eOt tplhjPHfs;> mtruk; vd;whs;. kJ

mUe;jpf; nfhz;bUe;j mtd;> kJf;fpz;zj;ij jiuapy; itj;J tpl;L> mk;ig vLj;J tpy;ypy; G+l;bf; nfhz;L>

jdJ rNfhjud; `]idAk; ,d;Dk; jdJ gzpahl;fisAk; Jizf;fioj;jhd;. jdJ Fjpiuapd; kPJ Vwp

mkHe;J nfhz;L> jdJ Ntl;ilg; gpuhzpiaj; Njbg; Gwg;gl;lhd;. mtd; Xub vLj;J itg;gjw;Fs;> fhypj; gpd;

tyPj; (uop) mtHfSk; mtHfsJ NjhoHfSk; mtid Kw;Wifapl;L tpl;lhHfs;. mtNdh jdJ ,iuiaj; Njb

ntspNa te;jhd;> Mdhy; tpjpNah ,q;Nf mtid ,iuahf;fp itj;J tpl;lJ. mtdJ rNfhjud; `]d;

K];ypk;fis vjpHj;J rw;W vjpHg;Gf; fhz;gpj;jhd;> mtdhy; mtdJ vjpHg;G gadspf;ftpy;iy> nfhy;yg;gl;L

tpl;lhd;. Mdhy; ve;j vjpHg;Gk; fhl;lhj mfPjH ifJ nra;ag;gl;L> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; Kd;dpiyapy;

nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;lhd;. Mdhy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ve;j gopthq;Fk; eltbf;ifAk; vLf;fhky;> [p];ah

vDk; ghJfhg;G thpiaf; fl;Lk;gb cj;jutpl;L> mtid tpLjiy nra;jNjhL mtdJ gpuNjrj;ij mtDf;Nf

tpl;Lf; nfhLj;jhHfs;.

jhj;J[d;jy; jiytd; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; Kd;dpiyapy; nfhz;L tug;gl;l nghOJ> mtd;

tpiyAaHe;j MilfisAk;> mjpy; tpiyAaHe;j jq;fj;jhy; nea;ag;gl;l fapw;iw jiyapy; mzpe;jpUe;jhd;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; NjhoHfs; ,e;jf; fhl;rpiag; ghHj;J tpl;L> ,J vd;d ngUikAk;> mfq;fhuKk;

vd;W tpae;J NghdhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;> vd;d Mr;rhpakha; ,Uf;fpd;wjh?

Rtdj;jpy; rmj; gpd; KMj; mtHfspd; iff;Fl;ilahdJ> ,jid tpl kpfr; rpwe;jJ> tpiy caHe;jJ vd;W

Page 15: History of islamic army generals in tamil

$wpdhHfs;.

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; kpfr; rpwe;j> ntw;wp tPuH kw;Wk; jsgjpahf kl;Lk; mtH ghpzkpf;ftpy;iy.

,d;Dk; mtH kpfr; rpwe;j ,];yhkpa miog;ghsUk; $l. ,tuJ miog;gpd; %ykhf gyH ,];yhj;ijj; jOtpa

epfo;r;rpfSk; ele;Njwp cs;sd. `p[;hp 10 Mk; Mz;L> 400 giltPuHfSld; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfis

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; e[;uhd; vd;w gpuNjrj;jpw;F mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. me;jg; gFjpapy; thof; $ba gD}

`hhp]; Fyj;jtHfis ,];yhj;jpd; ghy; miof;FkhW ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; fl;lisapl;L mDg;gp

itj;jhHfs;. mtHfs; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhy;> mq;fpUe;J nfhz;L mtHfSf;F ,];yhj;ijAk;>

FHMidAk;> Rd;dhitAk; fw;Wf; nfhLq;fs;. mtHfs; kWj;jhy; mtHfs; kPJ NghHg;gpufldk; nra;Aq;fs; vd;W

$wpdhHfs;.

e[;uhd; gpuNjrj;ij mile;jTld;> me;jg; gFjp kf;fisr; re;jpj;J ,];yhj;jpd; Nkd;ikfisg; gw;wpAk;> mjd;

nfhs;iffisAk; gw;wpAk; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; kpfTk; nkd;ikahd Kiwapy; me;j kf;fSf;F

vLj;Jiuj;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; cWjpahd Fuypy; $wpdhH> ePq;fs; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sq;fs; mJ jhd;

cq;fisg; ghJfhf;Fk;> mJtd;wp ,e;j cyfj;jpYk; kWikapYk; cq;fisg; ghJfhf;ff; $ba rf;jp

vJTkpy;iy. ,d;Dk; ,optpypUe;Jk;> mtkhdj;jpypUe;Jk; cq;fisg; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs; vd;W $wp

mtHfis ,];yhj;jpd; ghy; mioj;jhH. ePq;fs; vdJ ciuia nrtpkLj;jhy; mJ cq;fSf;F Rgpl;rj;ijf;

nfhz;L tUk;> ,g;nghOJ fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; cWjpahd Fuypy;..> ,y;iynadpy;> ,e;jg; gFjpNa

Fg;igf; fplq;fhf khw;wg;gLk;. ,jidf; Nfl;l e[;uhd; kf;fs;> ,dp ek;Kila vjpHfhyk; vd;gJ ,];yhj;ij

Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjpy; jhd; ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;W KbntLj;jtHfshf> ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; jdJ tho;ehs; KOtJk;> ,iltplhJ ,];yhkpag; gpur;rhug; gzpfs; %ykhf

kf;fis ,];yhj;jpd; ghy; mioj;Jf; nfhz;Lk;> ,d;Dk; ,];yhj;jpw;F vjpuhf fpse;njONthHfSf;F vjpuhfg;

NghH Ghpe;J nfhz;Lk;> ,];yhkpag; gzpf;fhfj; jd;id mw;gzpj;j tho;it Nkw;nfhz;L tho;e;J te;jhH. me;j

fhy fl;lq;fspy; ve;j njha;Nth my;yJ eatQ;rf vz;zq;fNsh> gytPdq;fNsh mthplk; Vw;gl;lJ fpilahJ.

mtH vd;iwf;F ,];yhj;jpidj; jdJ tho;tpay; newpahf Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhNuh md;wpypUe;J ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfspd; fl;lisg;gbAk;> mtHfspd; jiyikf;Ff; fPo;g;gbe;Jk; NghHfspy; fye;J nfhz;lhH. ,d;Dk;

NghHfspy; Kd;dzpg; gilj;jsgjpahf ,tiu epakpj;jjd; %yk;> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; kPJ

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ve;jsT ed;dk;gpf;if nfhz;bUg;ghHfs; vd;gJ ekf;Fg; Gydhfpd;wJ. ,d;Dk;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kuzj;ij jOtpa nghOJ> ,tiug; Nghd;w tPuj;jpahfpfspd; iffspy; ,];yhj;ij

xg;gilj;J tpl;Lg; NghtJ Fwpj;J> kpfTk; re;Njh\kile;jhHfs;. ,e;j cyfj;jpy; gy ehLfs; jq;fSf;F fPo;

gzpahw;wf; $ba giltPuHfSf;Ff; nfhLf;ff; $ba gjf;fq;fs;> gl;lq;fs;> Nflaq;fs; Mfpa midj;ijAk;

tplTk;> ,iwtdJ jpUg;jpAk;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ jpUg;jpAk; vt;tsT Nkd;ikahdJ..! me;jj;

jpUg;jpiaj; jhd; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; %ykhfg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

mfpy cynky;yhk; mUs; nra;ag;gl;l ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ KO tho;f;ifiaAk; ,];yhkpag;

gzpf;fhf mw;gzpj;jtHfshf jdJ 63 tJ tajpy; ,iwab NrHe;jhHfs;. mtHfsJ gphpT egpj;NjhoHfis xU

cYf;F cYf;fp vLj;jJ> thdNk ,be;J jiyapy; tPo;e;J tpl;lJ Nghy egpj;NjhoHfs; czHe;jhHfs;.

ckH (uop) mtHfNsh...> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,wf;ftpy;iy> mjid ehd; Vw;Wf; nfhs;s KbahJ vd

gpbthjk; gpbj;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; vtuhtJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,we;J tpl;;lhHfs; vd;W nrhd;dPHfs;

vd;why;> vdJ thSf;F ,iwahf NehpLk; vd;W> jdJ this cUtpf; nfhz;L vjpHg;gLgtHfis mr;r%l;bf;

nfhz;bUe;jhH. ,e;j ,f;fl;lhd epiyapy;> mGgf;fH (uop) mtHfs; xU tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;Gkpf;fnjhU ciuia

epfo;j;jp> me;j mksp Jkspfis mlf;fpg; Nghl;lhH. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,we;J tpl;lhHfs; vd;w

nra;jpiaf; Nfl;l rpyH> ,];yhj;ij tpl;Lk; ntspNawpdhHfs;. ,tHfs; ,];yhk; tpjpf;ff; $ba tuk;GfisAk;

rl;l jpl;lq;fisAk; Ngz KbahJ> gytPdkhdtHfshf ,Ue;j fhuzj;jhy; ,];yhj;ij tpl;Lk;

ntspNawpdhHfs;. cz;ikapNyNa ,tHfs; ,];yhj;ij tpUk;gtpy;iy> ,iwtidAk;> ,iwj; J}jH (]y;)

mtHfisAk; Nerpf;ftpy;iy. mtHfsplk; ,aw;ifapNyNa mRj;jq;fSk;> flg vz;zq;fSk; kpr;rkpUe;jd.

mtHfsplk; ,];yhkpag; Nghjidfspd; jhf;fk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy khwhf> ,izitf;Fk; nfhba gof;fk;

Fbnfhz;bUe;jJ. ,JNt> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kuzpj;j gpd;G mtHfis ,];yhj;ij tpl;Lk; ntspNawr;

nra;jJ. ,d;Dk; rpyH [fhj; nfhLf;f khl;Nlhk; vd;W kWj;jdH.

Page 16: History of islamic army generals in tamil

,d;Dk; m];tj; md;]p> Ki]ykh fj;jhg;> gpd;G jyP`h kw;Wk; r[;[h Mfpa Fyj;jiytHfs;>

Fog;gf;fhuHfshf ,tHfs; jq;fis ,iwj;J}jHfs; vdg; gpufldg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhHfs;. cz;ik K];ypk;fs;

,jdhy; fytukile;jhHfs;> fyq;fpdhHfs;. xU gf;fk; jq;fsJ topfhl;bAk;> jiytUkhd ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfis ,oe;J Jf;fj;jpy;> mtHfis mLj;J ahiu jq;fsJ jiytuhfj; NjHe;njLj;Jf; nfhs;tJ> ahiu

fyP/ghthf Ml;rpj; jiytuhf epakpg;gJ vd;w ftiyapy; ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,e;j gpur;idfSf;fpilapy;>

,];yhj;jpid tpl;L ntspNawpatHfs; kw;Wk; Nghypj; J}jHfsJ gpufldq;fs; Mfpa midj;Jk;> K];ypk;fisf;

ftiyapy; Mo;j;jpaJ.

,e;j ,f;fl;lhd #o;epiyapy; jhd; mGgf;fH (uop) mtHfs; jiyikg; nghWg;Ngw;whHfs;> mtHfs;

nghWg;Ngw;wgpd;G> epiyFiyahJ cWjpahd jplkhd gy eltbf;iffs; vLj;jhHfs;> jPikfs; gytw;iwf;

fise;jNjhL> Fog;gf;fhuHfisAk; xopj;jhHfs;.

Fog;gf;fhuHfSf;F vjpuhfg; NghHg; gpufldk; nra;j mGgf;fH (uop) mtHfs;> jyP`h gpd; fthypj; kw;Wk; khypf;

gpd; etPuh vd;w Nghypj; ,iwj;J}jHfis vjpHj;J fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfis gilAld; mDg;gp

itj;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; Ki]ykh gpd; fj;jhg; - f;F vjpuhf ,f;hpkh (uop) mtHfisAk;> m];tj; md;]p - f;F

vjpuhf K`h[pH gpd; mgP cika;ah (uop) mtHfisAk; mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;.

,d;Dk; jp`hkh gFjpia ntw;wp nfhs;tjw;fhf Ritj; gpd; kf;uhd; (uop) mtHfisAk;> ,d;Dk; fjjh it

ntw;wp nfhs;tjw;fhf mk;H ,g;Dy; M]; (uop) mtHfisAk; mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;.

,t;thW mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;l gilj;jsgjpfspy; jyP`h gpd; fthypj; vd;gtid> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs;

Kjd; Kjyhf ntw;wp nfhz;lhHfs;. fthypj; vd;gtd;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; Neha;tha;g;gl;bUf;fpd;whHfs;

vd;gijf; Nfs;tpg;gl;lTlNdNa jd;idj; jhNd ,iwj;J}jH vd;W mwptpj;Jf; nfhz;lhd;. ,tdJ ,lj;ij

mile;j fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; ,tidf; nfhd;wNjhL> ,tdJ MjuthsHfisAk; ntw;wp nfhz;lhH.

,jid mLj;J> khypf; gpd; etPuh vd;gtid ntw;wp nfhs;tjw;fhfg; Gwg;gl;lhH fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs;.

m]j;> fj/ghd;> jha;> Mg]; kw;Wk; gD} jPghd; Nghd;w Fyj;jtHfs; xNu Nfhj;jpuj;ijr;

NrHe;jtHfshifapdhy;> ,tHfs; midtUk; mtHfsJ Nfhj;jpuj;ijr; NrHe;j khypf; gpd; etPuhit ,iwj;J}jH

vd;W Vw;Wf; nfhz;lNjhL> mtid Mjhpf;fTk;> gpd;gw;wTk; nra;jdH. vdNt> xUq;fpize;j ,e;j

Nfhj;jpuj;jtHfis ntw;wp nfhs;tnjd;gJ rhjhuz tp\aky;y> Mdhy; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs;

mjidr; nra;J fhl;bdhHfs;. mtuJ ,uhZtg; gapw;rp> mDgtk;> tPuk;> je;jpuq;fs; Mfpa midj;ijAk; xd;W

jpul;bg; Nghub ntw;wp ngw;whH. vjphpiag; G+z;NlhL mopj;jhH. NghH njhlq;Ftjw;F Kd;ghf mjP gdp `hjpk;

mtHfs;> jha; Fyj;jtHfSld; Ngrp jha; Fyj;jtHfis NghhpypUe;J tpyfp ,Uf;fr; nra;jNjhL>

K];ypk;fSf;F Mjuthfr; nray;gl itj;jhH.

,e;jg; NghUf;Fg; gpd;dH fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; ,];yhkpa jiyikafkhd kjPdhtpw;Fr; nrd;whH.

gpd;dH mGgf;fH (uop) mtHfsJ Mizg;gb> md;]hHfisAk;> K`h[pHfisAk; nfhz;lnjhU gilia> ehDk;

xU ,iwj;J}jH jhd; vd thjhbf; nfhz;bUe;j Ki]ykh gpd; fj;jhg;ig re;jpf;f fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop)

mtHfsJ jiyikapy; mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. ,jw;F Kd;ghf rH[Py; gpd; `]dh (uop) kw;Wk; ,f;hpkh (uop)

MfpNahHfspd; jiyikapy; nrd;w gilia Ki]ykh ntw;wp nfhz;bUe;jhd;. K];ypk;fis ntw;wp nfhz;lgpd;>

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfsJ jiyikapy; kPz;Lk; xU gil tUfpd;wJ vd;w Nfs;tpg;gl;l Ki]ykh

kPz;Lk; 40 Mapuk; NgH nfhz;l giliaj; jpul;bdhd;. ,uz;L gilfSk; kpfTk; cf;fpukhf Nghhpl;ld. ,uz;L

gilfSk; fLikahfg; Nghhpl;ljpy; Ki]ykhtpd; gilfs; K];ypk;fSf;F xU ,d;Q; epyj;ijf; $l tpl;Lj;

juhj msTf;F Nghhpl;ldH.

epyikapd; jPtpuj;ijg; Ghpe;J nfhz;L mjid kjpg;gPL nra;j fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs;> K];ypk;fspd;

gilfis mtutH Fyj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; gphpj;njLj;jhHfs;. xt;nthU Fyj;jpw;Fk; xU jiytiu

epakpj;jhHfs;. gpd; mtHfsplk; ge;jak; fl;b> ahH cq;fspy; Kd;NdWfpd;whHfs; vd;gij ehd; ghHj;Jf;

nfhz;bUg;Ngd;> vq;Nf ghHf;fyhk; ahH vjphpfis ClWj;J Kd;Ndwpr; nry;fpd;whHfs; vd;gij..> vd;W

cRg;Ngw;wp mtHfsJ tPuj;ijj; jl;b tpl;l fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfsJ jpl;lk;..> ed;F Ntiy nra;a

Muk;gpj;jJ. xt;nthU Fyj;jtHfSk; jq;fsJ Fyg; ngUikiaf; fhl;bl ,J jhd; re;jHg;gk; vd;W jq;fsJ

cly;> nghUs;> Mtp mj;jidiaAk; jpahfk; nra;J Nghhpl;lhHfs;.

K];ypk;fspd; Ntfj;ij vjpHf;fj; jpuhzpaw;w Ki]ykh gilfspd; vjpHg;G tYtpof;f Muk;gpj;jJ. mtHfs;

Page 17: History of islamic army generals in tamil

,g;nghOJ gpd;thq;fp Xl Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,Wjpapy; jq;fsJ Nfhl;ilf;Fs; nrd;W jhspl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

me;jf; Nfhl;ilapd; RtHfs; kpf caukhf ,Ue;jd. mjd; fjTfs; kpfTk; cWjpahf ,Ue;jd. vdNt>

Nfhl;il kPJ Vwpf; Fjpf;fNth my;yJ fjit cilj;Jf; nfhz;L Nfhl;ilf;Fs; nry;yNth ,ayhj epiyapy;

K];ypk;fs; Nfhl;ilia Kw;Wifapl;L epd;W nfhz;bUe;jdH.

epyikapd; jPtpuj;ijg; Ghpe;J nfhz;l guh gpd; khypf; (uop) mtHfs; jdJ NjhoHfis mioj;J vd;id

Nfhl;ilapd; cs;Ns nrd;W tpOk;gbahfj; J}f;fp vwpAk;gb $wpdhH. ,iwtopapy; capiuj; jpahfk; nra;a te;j

me;jj; NjhoHfs;> jq;fsJ Njhohpd; jpl;lj;ijr; nray;gLj;j Kd; te;jdH. tYthd egHfs; ,ize;J guh

gpd; khypf; (uop) mtHfisf; Nfhl;ilapd; cs;Ns ,Ue;j Njhl;lj;jpw;Fs; J}f;fp vwpe;jdH. mr;rkw;w epiyapy;

caNu thdpypUe;J tpOe;j kdpjiuf; fz;l Ki]ykh tpd; Ml;fs;> mr;rj;jhy; eLq;fpdH. NkYk;> jq;fSf;F

vjpuhd gilfs; ,g;nghOJ epyj;ij tpl;L tpl;L> thdpypUe;J ,wq;fp tUtjhf epidj;J fjpfyq;fpdH.

,e;jr; #o;epiyiaj; jdf;Fr; rhjfkhfg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;l guh gpd; khypf; (uop) mtHfs;> vjphpfisr;

rha;j;j tz;zNk> Nfhl;ilapd; fjTg; gFjpf;F te;J> fjitj; jpwe;J tpl;lhH. Nfhl;ilf; fjT

jpwf;fg;gl;lJk;> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; jiyikapy; Nfhl;iliar; Rw;wp Kw;Wifapl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;j

,];yhkpag; gilfs; ,g;nghOJ Nfhl;ilf;Fs; Eioa Muk;gpj;jdH. rw;W Neuj;jpw;Fs; Nfhl;il K];ypk;fspd;

trkhfpaJ. Ki]ykhTk; mtdJ Ml;fSk; Nghhpy; nfhy;yg;gl;lhHfs;. me;jf; Nfhl;ilf;Fs; ,Ue;j Njhl;lk;

,g;nghOJ jz;zPUf;Fg; gjpyhf ,uj;jj;jhy; Fspj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,jdhy; ,e;jg; G+q;fhTf;F kuzg;

G+q;fh vd;w ngaUk; te;jJ. Ki]ykhit ntw;wp nfhz;lgpd;> Nfhl;ilapd; tdg;G kpFe;j gFjpfspy;

,];yhkpag; gilfs; rw;W Xa;ntLj;jdH.

gilfs; Xa;ntLj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ> mGgf;fH (uop) mtHfsplkpUe;J te;j Miz xd;W fhypj; gpd;

tyPj; (uop) mtHfis <uhd; kw;Wk; <uhf; Nehf;fpr; nry;y itj;jJ. fyP/ghtpd; Miziag; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs;> 12 Mapuk; tPuHfSld; <uhf; Nehf;fpg; gazg;gl;lhHfs;. `p[;hp 11 Mk; Mz;L

K`Huk; khjk; 12 k; ehsd;W <uhf;fpd; gs;sj;jhf;Fg; gFjpahd mg;yh itj; jhf;Fk;gb cj;juT te;jJ. fhypj;

gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; me;j ,lj;ij mile;jJk;> me;jg; gFjpapd; Ml;rpahsuhf `Hk]; f;F xU miog;G

kly; xd;iw mDg;gp itj;jhH. tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;G kpf;f me;j klypy; fPo;f;fhZk; thrfq;fs; vOjg;gl;bUe;jd.

X `Hk];! ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;..! my;yJ ,];yhkpa Ml;rpia Vw;Wf; nfhs;..! ,d;Dk; thpiaAk; nrYj;jp

tpL. ,y;iynad;why;> eP vt;thW ,e;j cyf tho;it Nerpf;fpd;whNah mjid tpl kuzj;ij Nerpf;ff; $ba

$l;lj;ij eP re;jpg;gJ vd;gJ jtpHf;f ,ayjjhfp tpLk; vd;W mf;fbjj;jpy; vOjg;gl;bUe;jJ.

me;jf; fbjj;ijg; ghHj;j `Hk]; nra;j Ntiy vd;dntd;why;> clNd <uhDila NguurDf;F jfty; mDg;gp>

kpfg; nghpa gil xd;iw jdf;F cjtpahf mDg;gp itf;Fk;gb Nfhhpf;if itj;jhd;. mtdJ Nfhhpf;ifia

Vw;Wf; nfhz;l <uhd; kd;dH> xU kpfg; ngUk; gilia mDg;gp itj;jhH.

Mdhy; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfsJ jiyikapy; ,g;nghOJ ,Uf;ff; $ba giltPuHfspd; nkhj;j

vz;zpf;if 18 MapuNk ,Ue;jJ. ,uz;L gilfSk; NkhjtpUf;Fk; Ntiyapy;> `Hk]; ngUikapd; fhuzkhf>

jd;id K];ypk;fshy; vd;d nra;J tpl KbAk; ghHf;fyhk; vd;W khH jl;bf; nfhz;L epd;whd;.

mtdJ ngUikia mjpf Neuk; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; ePbf;ftpltpy;iy. vLj;j vLg;gpNyNa mtd; kPJ

jdJ thisg; gha;r;rp> ,Wjp %r;ir tpLk;gb nra;jhH. NghH ,d;Dk; Muk;gpf;ftpy;iy> Mdhy; jdJ gilj;

jsgjpiaNa ,oe;J epd;w `Hk]pd; gilfs; mr;rj;jhy; eLq;f Muk;gpj;jd. mtHfsJ mr;rk;

epahakhf;fg;gl;lJ. mtHfs; NtuWe;j kuk; Nghyr; rha;e;jdH. K];ypk;fs; ntw;wp ngw;wdH. ,d;Dk; fdPkj; -

NghHg; nghUl;fshf Vuhskhdtw;iw K];ypk;fs; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;> ,d;Dk; `Hk]; mzpe;jpUe;j tpiy

kjpf;f Kbahj G+ Ntiyg; ghLfSld; $ba jiyf; ftrj;ijAk; K];ypk;fs; NghHg; nghUshfg; ngw;whHfs;. xU

yl;rk; jpH`k; tpiykjpg;Gs;s me;j jiyf; ftrjij mGgf;fH rpj;jPf; (uop) mtHfs; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop)

mtHfSf;Fg; ghprhf toq;fp nfsutpj;jhHfs;. vg;nghOJ ,e;jg; gilj;jsgjp <uhf;fpy; Eioe;jhNuh>

mg;nghONj ntw;wpAk; epr;rapf;fg;gl;L tpl;lJ.

,d;Dk; vy;yhg; NghHfspYk; mjhtJ jhj;J]; ]yhrpy;> tyP[hg; NghH> myP]; NghH> mk;fP]pa;ah> i`uh>

md;gH> IDy; jkH> `]PH> /fdh/g];> k]P/f;> ]kPy; kw;Wk; /gu]; Mfpa NghHfspYk; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop)

mtHfspd; jiyikapd; fPo; Nghhpl;l ,];yhkpag; gil ntw;wpfisf; Ftpj;jJ. <uhf;fpy; kl;Lk; ,uz;L tUlq;fs;

jq;fpapUe;J 15 NghHfspy; fye;J nfhz;L> ntw;wp ngw;whH fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs;. vjphpfis tpl Ms;

Page 18: History of islamic army generals in tamil

gyj;jpYk;> MAj gyj;jpYk; Fiwthf ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> vjphpfisr; re;jpj;j mj;jid NghHfspYk; K];ypk;fNs

ntw;wp ngw;wdH. Fiwe;j tsq;fNshL> Fiwe;j fhy mstpy; ,e;jsT ntw;wpfis ,d;Wk; $l ve;j

gilj;jsgjpAk; ngw;wjpy;iy vd;gNj tuyhW.

jhJy; ryh]py; NghH

,];yhkpag; gilfs; <uhf;fpy; elj;jpa NghHfspy; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; fye;J nfhz;l Kjy; NghH

,e;j ryh]py; NghH jhd;. ,e;jg; NghH tuyhw;wpy; `/gPH NghH vd;Wk; khw;Wg; ngaUld; miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

`/gPH vd;w ,e;j ,lk; ngHrpa tisFlhtpd; mUNf mike;Js;sJ. NkYk; kjPdhTf;Fk; g]uhTf;Fk; ,ilNa

cs;s topj;jlj;jpYk; ,e;efuk; mike;Js;sJ. ,e;jg; gFjpia Mz;L nfhz;bUe;j `Hnk]; <uhd;

Ml;rpahsHfsplkpUe;J mjpf xj;Jiog;GfisAk;> cjtpfisAk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;. `Hk]; kpfTk;

mfq;fhuKk;> MztKk; nfhz;l kd;dDk;> ,d;Dk; mtd; jiyapy; #bapUf;ff; $ba kzpKbapy; jq;f

,iyfshy; nra;ag;gl;lJk;> ,d;Dk; ituk;> it^hpaq;fshy; myq;fhpf;fg;gl;lJkhf ,Ue;jJld;> mjd; kjpg;G

md;iwa jpH`j;jpy; xU yl;rk; kjpg;GilajhfTk; ,Ue;jJ. ,e;jg; Nghhpy; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs;

ahidiag; gad;gLj;jpdhHfs;. my;yh`;tpd; kpfg; nghpa gilg;ghfpa me;j kpUfj;ij me;jg; gFjp kf;fs;

mJtiu ahUk; fz;ljpy;iy vd;gjhy;> kpfg; nghpa tpyq;ifg; ghHj;jTld; mtHfs; jpfpyile;jhHfs;.

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; gj;jhapuk; K];ypk;fSld; <uhf; gFjpf;Fs; Eioe;j NghJ> vl;lhapuk;

K];ypk;fSld; [hY vd;w ,lj;jpypUe;J jpUk;gp te;J nfhz;bUe;j kj;dh gpd; `hhpjh (uop) mtHfs;>

,g;nghOJ fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfSld; ,ize;J nfhz;lhHfs;. ,UgilfSf;Fk; jsgjpg; nghWg;Ngw;w

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs;> nkhj;j gilfisAk; %d;W gphpTfshfg; gphpj;jhHfs;.

xU gilg;gphpTf;F kj;dh gpd; `hhpjh (uop) mtHfisAk;> ,d;DnkhU gphpTf;F mjP gpd; `hjpk; (uop)

mtHfisAk; ,d;Dk; %d;whtJ gphpTf;F fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfNs jiyikg; nghWg;ig Vw;Wf;

nfhz;lhHfs;. ,e;j midj;Jg; gphpTfSk; vjphpfis vjpHg;gjpy; Kd;dzpapy; ,Ue;jd.

Mdhy; `HK]; jdJ gilfis ,UgphpTfshfg; gphpj;J> xt;nthU gphpTf;Fk; jsgjpfshf mur

FLk;gj;jtHfisNa epakpj;jhd;. me;j mzpfs; tyJ mzp kw;Wk; ,lJ mzp vd ,U gphpTfshfg;

gphpf;fg;gl;ld. ,d;Dk; Mz;fs; midtUk; NghhpypUe;J GwKJfpl;L Xlhjgb> midtUk; rq;fpypahy;

gpizf;fg;gl;ldH. vdNt jhd; ,e;jg; NghH ryh]py; NghH vd;wiof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. mugpapy; ryh]py; vd;why;

rq;fpyp vd;w mHj;jkhFk;.

,g;nghOJ NghH Muk;gkhfpaJ. me;jf; fhy tof;fg;gb Kjypy; jdp kdpjHfs; Nkhjpf; nfhz;ljd; gpd; jhd;

cf;fpukhd NghH Muk;gkhFk;. me;j mbg;gilapy; Kjy; ,uz;L tPuHfs; Nkhjpf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ mq;F

xU rjpj; jpl;lk; muq;Nfw;wg;gl;lJ. fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; `HK]; kd;didr; re;jpf;Fk; Kiw tUk;

nghOJ> `HK]; d; giltPuHfs; tpiue;J nray;gl;L> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfisj; jhf;fpl Ntz;Lk;

vd;gJ jhd; me;j rjpj; jpl;lk;. mjd;gb ,g;nghOJ `HK]; kd;dDk;> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfSk;

NkhJk; fl;lk; te;jJ. fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; `HK]; kd;did Nehf;fp efuj; njhlq;fpaJk;>

<uhf;fpa tPuHfs; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfisj; jhf;Fk; vz;zj;Jld; Kd;NdwpdH. fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop)

mtHfisj; jhf;Fk; Nehf;fj;Jld; `HK]; d; Ml;fs; Kd;NdWtijf; fz;l fhfh gpd; mk;H (uop) mtHfs;

tpiue;J nray;gl;L> mtHfisj; jLj;Jj; jhf;fpaJld;> me;j ,lj;jpNyNa `HK]; d; giltPuHfs; gyiuf;

nfhd;W Ftpj;jhH. ,e;j #o;epiy khw;wj;jpy; rw;W epjhdkpoe;j `HK]; I f; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) jd;

thshy; nraypof;fr; nra;jhHfs;. epue;jukhf ,e;j cyfj;ij tpl;Nl mtid mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;.

NghH fLikahf ele;jJ> jiytid ,oe;j `HK]; - d; tPuHfs; jiynjwpf;f gpd;thq;fp XbdhHfs;. ,d;Dk;

Mapuf;fhz tPuHfisAk; ,oe;jhHfs;. vQ;rpapUe;j gilfis A+g;ub]; ejpf;fiu tiuapYk; tpul;bf; nfhz;L

Ngha; tpl;L te;jhHfs; K];ypk; tPuHfs;.

myP]; NghH

myP];> ,e;j efuk; A+g;ub]; ejpf; fiuapd; Xuj;jpy; i`uh kw;wk; mg;yh`; Mfpa efuq;fSf;F ,ilNa

mike;j CuhFk;. muGf; Fyj;jtHfs; rpyH ,e;j ejpf;fiuapy; FbakHe;J nfhz;L> <uhf; kd;dDld; ,ize;J

Page 19: History of islamic army generals in tamil

K];ypk;fSf;F vjpuhfg; NghH nra;tjw;Fj; jpl;lkpl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. K];ypk;fsplk; gy Kiw Njhw;wjpd;

fhuzkhf mtHfspd; kdjpy; ntWg;G vDk; neUg;G nfhOe;J tpl;nlwpe;J nfhz;bUe;jJ. fhypj; gpd; tyPj;

(uop) mtHfs; me;j ,lj;ij mile;jJk; rpwpJk; jhkjpf;fhky; jhf;Fjiyj; njhLj;jhHfs;. mtHfspy; kpfg;

gpugykhd tPunudg; Nghw;wg;gl;l khypf; gpd; if];> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfspd; jhf;Fjypd; Kd; jhf;Fg;

gpbf;f Kbahky; kuzj;ijj; jOtpdhd;. khypf; gpd; if]; - d; kuzj;ijf; fz; Kd; fz;l mtdJ gilfs;>

jiynjwpf;f GwKJF fhl;b Xl Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; mtHfs; rhg;gpLtjw;fhf jahhpj;J itj;jpUe;j

nuhl;biaf; $l rhg;gpLtjw;F Neuk; nfhLf;ftpy;iy fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs;. mtHfs; nfhz;L

te;jpUe;j midj;ijAk; tpl;L tpl;L Xl;lnkLf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,e;jg; Nghhpy; jhd; Kjd; Kjyhf

K];ypk;fs;> NfhJik khtpdhy; nra;ag;gLk; rg;ghj;jp Nghd;w nuhl;biag; ghHj;jhHfs;. ,e;jg; Nghhpy; vjphpfspd;

jug;gpy; 70 Mapuk; egHfs; nfhy;yg;gl;ldH.

ifuh NghH

ifuh vd;gJ mg;Nghija <uhf;fpd; jiyefuhf tpsq;fpaJ. ,e;j efiuf; ifg;gw;Wtjd; %yk; K];ypk;fSf;Fj;

njhe;jpuT nfhLj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j muGf; Fyq;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;j KbAk; vd;gJ K];ypk;fspd; jpl;lkhf

,Ue;jJ. vdNt> jpl;lk; tFg;gjpy; jPuuhd fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; ifuhitf; ifg;gw;w KbT

nra;jhHfs;. NkYk; ,e;j efuk; A+g;ub]; fjpf; fiuapd; mUNf ,Ue;j fhuzj;jpdhy;> gazj;jpw;F fly;

khHf;fj;ijj; NjHe;njLj;jhH fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs;. K];ypk; NghH tPuHfs; ifuhit Nehf;fp tUtij

mwpe;j ifuhtpd; ftHdH jdJ kfdJ jiyikapd; fPo; K];ypk;fis vjpHg;gjw;fhfg; gilia mDg;gp

itj;jhH. ,d;Dk; ifuhit neUq;Ftjw;F Kd;ghfNt K];ypk;fisj; jLj;J epWj;jp tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;

ifuhtpd; ftHfH tpUk;gpdhH. Mdhy;> NeUf;F NeH ele;j Nkhjypy; ifuhtpd; ftHduJ kfdpd; jiyiaj;

Jz;bj;J tpl;lhH fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs;. ,e;jg; Nghhpd; NghJ ifuhtpd; ftHdUf;F kpfTk;

ifNrjkhd Neukhf ,Ue;jJ> mjhtJ mtuJ kfd; Nghhpy; nfhy;yg;gl;lhd;> mtuJ $l;L ehlhf ,Ue;j

<uhdpd; kd;dUk; mg;NghJ ,we;jpUe;jhH. gaj;jpdhy; #og;gl;l mtd; jhDk;> jdJ kf;fSkhf Nfhl;iliag;

G+l;bf; nfhz;L cs;Ns ,Ue;J nfhz;lhd;. ifuhtpy; mike;Js;s ,e;jf; Nfhl;il kpfTk; cWjpahdJk;>

ghJfhg;ghdJk; $l. Mgj;jhd rkaq;fspy; jw;fhg;Gf;F cgNahfg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ,e;jf; Nfhl;il

mikf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. K];ypk;fs; ,e;jf; Nfhl;ilia xU ehs; ,uT> xU ehs; gfy; vd Kw;Wifapl;lhHfs;.

rpy K];ypk; tPuHfs; me;jf; Nfhl;ilg; ghJfhg;igAk; rkhspj;J cs;Ns nrd;W tpl;lhHfs;. gpd; me;jf; ifuh

kf;fs; K];ypk;fSld; rkhjhd xg;ge;jk; nra;J nfhz;lhHfs;. me;j rkhjhd xg;ge;jj;jpd; ruj;Jf;fs;

gpd;tUkhW vOjg;gl;ld :

tUlk; xd;wpw;F ghJfhg;G thpahf xU yl;rj;J 90 Mapuk; jpH`k;fis thpahfr; nrYj;JtJ

K];ypk;fSf;fhf <uhdpy; ,Ue;J csT ghHg;gJ

,jw;Fg; gpujpgydhf mtHfsJ tzf;fj;jsj;ijNah my;yJ mtHfsJ clikfSf;Nfh ve;j

Nrjj;ijAk; K];ypk;fs; Vw;gLj;j khl;lhHfs; vd;w cj;juhtjk;.

njhlHe;J Nghhpl;L te;J nfhz;bUf;ff; $ba K];ypk;fSf;F Xa;T mspf;ff; $ba ,lkhf ifuhitj;

NjHe;njLj;Jf; nfhz;l fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs;> mq;NfNa xU tUlk; jq;fpapUe;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; kpfg;

gue;;j gpuNjrkhfpa <uhf;ifAk;> mjd; Rw;Wg; Gwq;fspy; cs;s gFjpfis xUq;fpizg;gjw;fhf> kpfTk; NjHr;rp

ngw;w gilj; jsgjpfshd juhH gpd; m];tH (uop)> fhfh gpd; mk;H (uop) kw;Wk; kjdh gpd; `hhpjh (uop)

MfpatHfis mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. ,jd; fhuzkhf ,];yhj;jpd; nfhb kpfg; gue;j epyg;gFjpfspYk; xsp tPr

Muk;gpj;jJ.

mGgf;fH (uop) mtHfs; kpfg; gpugykhd jsgjpfshd mG+ cigjh gpd; my; [Huh`; (uop)> a]Pj; gpd; mG+R/g;ahd;

(uop)> MkpH KMtpah gpd; mG+R/g;ahd; (uop)> mk;H gpd; my; M]; (uop) MfpNahHfspd; jiyikapy; Nuhkg;

gFjpfSf;F xU gilia mDg;gp itj;jhH. ,e;jg; gilapd; rphpahtpd; gy gFjpfSf;Fk; nrd;wNjhly;yhky;>

nrd;w gFjpfspnyy;yhk; ,];yhj;jpd; ntw;wpf; nfhbia ehl;b itj;jJ. ,g;nghOJ Nuhkg; gilfSld;

NkhJtJ vd;w mGgf;fH (uop) mtHfSila KbTld; ,e;j ntw;wpfisf; fzf;fpLk; nghOJ> ,g;nghOJ

re;jpf;ftpUf;fpd;w #oy; kpfTk; ghuJ}ukhdjhf ,Ue;jJ. vdNt> K];ypk;fspd; midj;Jg; gphpTk; ,g;nghOJ

Page 20: History of islamic army generals in tamil

xd;W NrHe;J aHKf; Mw;wq;fiuapy; FOkpdH.

K];ypk;fspd; ,e;jg; gil efHj;jiyf; Nfs;tpg;gl;l Nuhkg; Nguurd; ]P]H jdJ ke;jphpg; gpujhdpfsplk;>

epiyikapd; tpghPjj;ij ,l;L fye;Njhrid nra;j nghOJ> ,g;nghOJ ehk; K];ypk;fsplk; Nkhj Ntz;lhk;

vd;w fUj;ij kd;dH ke;jphpg; gpujhdpfsplk; njhptpj;jhd;. Mdhy; ke;jphpfNsh> kd;dhpd; fUj;ij Vw;fhky;..>

K];ypk;fSf;F ehk; xU ghlj;ijf; fw;gpj;Jf; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;> ,d;Dk; me;jg; ghlj;ij mtHfspd; re;jjpfs;

$l kwf;ff; $lhJ vd;W cUkpdH. ,Wjpahf> ke;jphpfspd; MNyhrid jhd; ntw;wp ngw;wJ. K];ypk;fspd; kPJ

gilnaLj;Jr; nry;tJ vd;W KbthfpaJ.

K];ypk;fisf; fsk; fhz 4 yl;rk; Nuhkg; giltPuHfs; jahH nra;ag;gl;ldH. Mdhy; K];ypk;fspd; jug;gpNyh

xl;L nkhj;jkhf 46 Mapuk; gil tPuHfs; jhd; ,Ue;jdH. ,d;Dk; ,tHfs; midtUk; xUq;fpize;J

nrayg;glhky;> gy;NtW jsgjpfspd; fPo; aHKf; Mw;wpd; ntt;NtW gFjpfspy; jdpj;jdpahfg; gphpe;jpUe;jdH.

,e;j epiyapy; aHKf; Mw;wpd; fiuf;F jdJ gilapdUld; te;j fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs;> epiyikapd;

ghjfj;ij czHe;J> midj;Jj; jsgjpfisAk; mioj;J xU MNyhridf; $l;lnkhd;iw elj;jpdhH.

,jdbg;gilapy;> xt;nthU ehSk; xt;nthU jsgjpapd; fPo; NghH nra;tJ vd;Wk;> ,jd; %yk; xt;nthU

jsgjpf;Fk; tha;g;Gf; fpilf;Fk; vd;w MNyhrid Kd; itf;fg;gl;lJ. me;j MNyhridia midj;Jj;

jug;gpdUk; Vw;Wf; nfhz;ldH. Kjy; ehs; NghUf;F fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; jiyik jhq;FtJ vd;Wk;

xUkdjhf KbthfpaJ.

vg;nghOJ fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; jiyikg; nghWg;ig Vw;whw;fNsh> mg;nghOJ tPuHfspd; tPuj;ijAk;>

capH jpahf Ntl;ifiaAk; crpg;gp tpLtjw;fhdnjhU tPu ciuia mtHfSf;F kj;jpapy; Mw;wpdhH. ,e;j

ciuapd; jhf;fk; xt;nthU tPuhpd; ehb euk;GfspYk; gutp> ,g;nghOJ mtHfsJ jhfnky;yhk; vjphpfisr;

re;jpg;gjpYk;> mjpy; tPu kuzkile;J me;j Kbtwhj RtHf;fj;ij mde;juq; nfhs;tjpYk; epiyj;jpUe;jJ. kw;w

cyf ge;jq;fnsy;yhk; mtHfsplk; tpil ngw;W epd;wJ.

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; ,t;thW ciuahw;wpdhHfs; :

vd;dUik capH jpahfpfNs..!

,J xU tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;G kpf;f ehs;..! kpfTk; epidT $wj; jf;f ehs;..! ,e;j ehspy; ekJ ,iwek;gpf;if

Nrhjidf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ> mjw;fhd gapw;rp ek; Kd; fhj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. vdNt> ,d;iwa ,e;j

jpdj;jpy; ekJ Kul;Lj;jdk;> ghuk;ghpag; ngUikfs;> jdpg;gl;l eghpd; Raeyj;jpw;fhf ghLgLjy; my;yJ gpwH

ek;ikg; Gfo Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ Nghd;w ,];yhj;jpw;F tpNuhjkhd midj;ijAk; J}f;fp vwpe;J tpLq;fs;.

vd;dUik capH jpahfpfNs..!

my;yh`;tpd; jpUg;nghUj;jk; xd;iw kl;LNk Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;L NghhpLq;fs;. ,d;iwf;F ek;Kila gilf;F

kpfg; ngUk; jsgjpfs; gyH nghWg;Ngw;wpUf;fpd;whHfs;. mtHfs; xt;nthUtUk; ed;dk;gpf;ifahsHfSk;> ,d;Dk;

ek;gj;jFe;jtHfshfTk;> mjid tpl ePq;fSk; ehDk; mtHfsJ cj;jutpw;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;L elf;Fk;

jFjpgilj;jtHfshfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whHfs;. ,d;iwa jpdk; ePq;fs; vd;Dila nghWg;gpd; fPo;> vd;Dila

cj;juTf;Ff; fPo;gbe;J elf;ff; $ba giltPuHfshf> vd;Dila jiyikapd; fPo; jpuz;bUf;fpd;wPHfs;.

,];yhj;jpd; ngUikia epiyehl;lTk;> ,];yhk; ntw;wp ngw;wplTk; ,g;nghOJ ehk; capHj;jpahfk; xd;iw

kl;LNk Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;L NghHf;fsj;jpy; Eioa ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;. ekf;F cjtTk;> ek;ikg; ghJfhf;fTk;

my;yh`; xUtNd NghJkhdtd;..!

vd;w ciuia epfo;j;jp Kbj;jJk;> ,uz;L gilfSk; NkhJtjw;Fj; jahuhf aHKf; Mw;wpd; fiuapy; re;jpj;Jf;

nfhz;ld.

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfisg; ghHj;j Nuhkg; gilj;jsgjp k`d; nfhf;fhpf;f Muk;gpj;jhd;.

tWikAk;> Vo;ikAk;> cLj;j cil $l ,y;yhj epiyikAk; jhd; cq;fis ,q;F tuj; J}z;b ,Uf;Fk;

vd;W epidf;fpd;Nwd;. ePq;fs; tpUk;gpdhy; cq;fs; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; gj;J jpdhHfisAk; ,d;Dk; tpiyAaHe;j

cilfisAk;> ey;y czTfisAk; jUfpd;Nwd;. ngw;Wf; nfhz;L ,lj;ijf; fhyp nra;J tpl;Lr; nry;Yq;fs;.

,d;Dk; mLj;j tUlKk; $l cq;fSf;F ,J Nghd;Nw juj; jahuhf ,Uf;fpd;Nwd;. ePq;fs; ,q;F te;J jhd;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy;iy> ehNd cq;fsplj;jpw;F mDg;gp itf;fpd;Nwd; vd;W Vsdkhff; $wpdhd;.

Page 21: History of islamic army generals in tamil

Nuhkg; gilj;jsgjp k`dpd; ,e;j Vsdk; kw;Wk; jpkpHg; Ngr;ir nrtpkLj;j fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs;..!

k`d;....?! ftdkhff; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;. ehq;fs; te;j Nehf;fj;ij eP jtwhf vil Nghl;L tpl;lha;..! ehq;fs;

vjphpapd; ,uj;jj;ijf; Fbj;J jhf rhe;jp mile;j nfhs;sj; Jbg;gtHfs;. mjpYk; NuhkHfs; ,uj;jq;fs; kpfTk;

Urpahf ,Uf;Fk; vd;gijAk; Nfs;tpg;gl;Nlhk;> mjidr; Ritj;Jg; ghHf;fNt ,q;F te;Njhk; vd;W cuj;Jf;

$wpdhH.

,jidf; $wpf; nfhz;Nl jdJ Fjpiuiaf; fhw;wpy; gwf;f tpl;l fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs;> my;yh`{

mf;gH vd cuj;J Koq;fp ,];yhj;jpd; nfhbia caHj;jpg; gpbj;jhH> mj;Jld; vjphpiaj; jhf;f Muk;gpf;FkhW

K];ypk;fSf;F cj;juTk; gwe;jJ. Vw;fdNt> ntw;wp my;yJ tPu kuzk; vd;W fsk; GFe;jpUe;j K];ypk;fs;>

cj;juT fpilj;jJk; jhd; jhkjk;> jq;fsJ Nehf;fj;jpw;F nray; tbtk; nfhLf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;..!

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; jdJ NjhoHfisg; ghHj;J cuf;f Koq;f Muk;gpj;jhH.

vdJ NjhoHfNs..! Rtdj;jpd; njd;wy; fhw;W ,jkhf tPRtij ePq;fs; czutpy;iyah..! mjd; FspHr;rp

cq;fis kfpo;tpf;ff; fhj;jpUg;gij ePq;fs; mwpatpy;iyah..! ntw;wpAk;> ew;NgWfSk; fhj;jpUf;fpd;wd..! k;...!

Kd;NdWq;fs;..! vd;W jdJ NjhoHfSf;F Cf;f kUe;J nfhLf;f Muk;gpj;jhH.

Rtdj;Jr; Nrhiyfspd; moifAk;> tdg;igAk; jpUkiwf; FHMd; trdq;fspd; %yk; Vw;fdNt kdf; fz;fshy;

jhprpj;J itj;jpUe;j K];ypk;fs;> mjid epj;jpakhf mile;J nfhs;tjw;F ,g;nghOJ KO Kaw;rpia

Nkw;nfhz;lhHfs;. mjw;F cj;Ntfkspj;jJ jsgjp fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfspd; czHr;rp kpf;f ciu.

tPuj;jpd; tpis epyq;fs; ,g;nghOJ $ypf;F khwbf;Fk; $l;lj;jpdiu gjk; ghHf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. vq;Fk;

Fog;gKk;> kuz Xyq;fSk; xypj;jpl vd;d nra;tnjd;Nw njhpahJ Nuhkg; gilfs; tpop gpJq;f Muk;gpj;jd.

czHr;rp kpf;f ciuia epfo;j;jp tpl;L> jhDk; me;j cahpa me;j];ij mila Ntz;LNk vd;w Nehf;fj;ij

kdjpy; Njf;fp itj;jpUe;j fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs;> jdJ Nehf;fj;ij nraypy; mile;J fhl;l mtUk;

tyJ gf;fkhf ,Ue;J vjphpfis ClWj;Jf; nfhz;L vjphpfspd; ikag; gFjpf;Nf nrd;W tpl;lhH. mj;Jld;

kpd;dnyd tPrg;gl;l mtuJ ths; tPr;R> vjphpfspd; Njhy;tpf;F KbTiu vOj Muk;gpj;jJ.

Kjy; ehs; Nghhpy; NuhkHfs; jq;fsJ $ypg; gl;lhsj;jpy; xU yl;rj;J ,Ugjhapuk; tPuHfis ,oe;jpUe;jhHfs;.

aHKf; NghHf;fsj;jpd; Kf;fpaf; fhl;rpfs; rpy..!

tPu kuzk; mile;J me;j Rtdj;Jj; njd;wiy KfHe;J ghHj;J tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;w Jbg;G aHKf;

NghHf;fsj;jpy; fye;J nfhz;l xt;nthU K];ypk; tPuhplj;jpYk; fhzg;gl;lJ. mtHfsJ me;j Miria

Vw;fdNt fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfspd; tPu ciu fpswp tpl;bUe;jJ.

xU tPuH mG+ cigjh gpd; my; [Huh`; (uop) mtHfsplj;jpy; tUfpd;whH..!

mG+ cigjh mtHfNs..! ,d;W elf;ff; $ba Nghhpy; ehd; tPu kuzkila Ntz;Lk; vd;w Mir vd;id

NkypLfpd;wJ. mt;thW ehd; tPu kuzkile;J tpl;lhy;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; nrd;W ehd; vd;d $w

Ntz;Lk; vd;gijf; $Wq;fNsd; vd;W tpdtp epd;whH.

fz;zpakpf;f> GfOf;FhpNahdhfpa my;yh`;..! ,e;jg; NghHg; GypfSf;F> tPuj;jpahfpfSf;F thf;fspj;jij

epiwNtw;wp tpl;lhd; vd;W $Wq;fs; vd;W gjpy; $wpdhH mG+ cigjh (uop) mtHfs;.

mG+ cigjh (uop) mtHfspd; ,e;jg; gjpiyf; Nfl;l> ,f;hpkh vd;w me;jj; NjhoH> mG+ cigjh (uop)

mtHfNs..! ehd; ,];yhj;jpid vdJ tho;tpay; newpahf Vw;Wf; nfhs;SKd; ,iwepuhfhpg;ghsHfspd;

$lhuj;jpy; ,Ue;J nfhz;L K];ypk;fSf;F vjpuhff; fye;J nfhz;l NghHfspy; $l ehd; GwKJfpl;L

Xlhjtd;. ,d;iwf;F Rtdk; vd;id miof;Fk; nghOJ ehd; jpUk;gpah Xb tpLNtd;..! ,y;iy ,y;iy..!

vd;W $wpathNw..! vdJ NjhoHfNs..! vd;idg; gpd;gw;wp thUq;fs; vd;W $tpathNw..! jdJ NjhoHfis

mioj;Jf; nfhz;L vjphpfis ClWj;Jf; nfhz;L thisr; Row;wpf; nfhz;Nl nrd;whH. rw;W Neuj;jpw;nfy;yhk;

vjphpapd; ths; ,f;hpkh (uop) mtHfisg; gjk; ghHf;f> Rtdj;jpd; Rfe;jj;ij..> mtH mila epidj;j me;j

FspHr;rpahd NrhiyfSf;Fs; Eioe;J tpl;lhH.

NghH cf;fpukkhd Kiwapy; ele;J nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,uTk; njhlHe;J ePbj;jJ. fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs;

vjphpapd; Kfhkpw;Fs;NsNa Eioe;J> Nuhkg; gilj;jsgjpapd; $lhuj;jpw;Fs; Eioe;J tpl;lhH. ,g;nghOJ

Page 22: History of islamic army generals in tamil

vjphpfs; capH jg;gpdhy; NghJnkd;W Xl Muk;gpj;jpUe;jdH. ,uT ele;j Nghhpy; vjphpfis tpul;b tpul;b>

mtHfsJ jiyfis K];ypk;fs; nfha;jdH. K];ypk;fspy; gyUf;Fk; fLikahd fhak; Vw;gl;bUe;jJ.

,d;DnkhU rk;gtk;..!

,e;j aHKf; Nghhpy; jhd; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; K];ypk;fsplj;jpy; Vw;gLj;jp itj;jpUe;j rNfhjuj;JtKk;>

,d;Dk; jpahfKk; kPz;Lk; xU Kiw ntspg;gl;lJ. tuyhw;wpYk; ,e;j rk;gtk; epiyj;J tpl;lJ. ,d;iwf;Fk;

vd;iwf;Fk; K];ypk;fSf;F xU ghlkhfTk; mike;J tpl;lJ.

NghH ele;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. %d;W K];ypk; tPuHfs; fLikahd fhak; gl;L> capUf;fhfg; Nghuhbf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs;. jhfk; mtHfis thl;bf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. ,jidg; ghHj;j xUtH> mtHfSf;Fj;

jz;zPH nfhLg;gjw;fhf mUfpy; nrd;why;> mtH jdf;F mUfpy; jhfj;NjhL Nghuhbf; nfhz;bUg;gtUf;F

Kjypy; jz;zPH nfhLf;Fk;gb $WfpwhH. mthplk; jz;zPH nfhLf;fr; nrd;why;> jd;id mLj;J jhfj;jhy;

thbf; nfhz;bUf;ff; $batUf;F Kjypy; jz;zPH nfhLj;J tUk;gbf; $WfpwhH. ,t;thwhf> jdf;Fj;

NjitapUe;Jk; jd;Dila rNfhjudpd; Njitf;F Kf;fpatj;Jk; mspj;jhHfs;. kPz;Lk; %d;whktUf;F mUfpy;

nrd;W jz;zPH nfhLf;fr; nrd;w nghOJ> mtH Kjy; egUf;Fj; jz;zPH nfhLj;J tUkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhs;s>

,t;thwhf jz;zPiu ahUf;Fk; nfhLf;f ,ayhky; Rw;wpr; Rw;wp te;j nghOJ> ,Wjpapy; jz;zPH Fbf;fhkNyNa

%tUk; kuzkile;J tpl;l fhl;rp mq;Nf ele;jJ. ,d;wsTk; me;jf; fhl;rp tuyhwhf VLfspy; gjpthfp> tuf;

$ba re;jjpapdUf;F ew;ghlkhf tpsq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

,d;DnkhU Rthu];akhd rk;gtk;..!

,e;j aHKf; Nghhpy; ,d;DnkhU Rthu];akhd rk;gtk; xd;W epfo;e;jJ. Nuhkg; gilf;F jiyik jhq;fp

te;jpUe;j jsgjpfSs; xUtuhd [H[h`; vd;gtH fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfisr; re;jpj;J>

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; mtHfNs..! ehd; Nfl;Fk; Nfs;tpfSf;F xspT kiwtpd;wp> cz;ikahd gjpiy ePq;fs; $w

Ntz;Lk;.

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs;..> NfSq;fs;..! epr;rakhfg; gjpyspf;fpd;Nwd;.

cq;fsJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; thdj;jpypUe;J gpuj;Nafkhf thnshd;iwg; ngw;W cq;fsplk;

nfhLj;Js;shHfNsh..! Vnddpy;> cq;fisr; re;jpf;Fk; vjphpfs; vy;NyhUk; Njhw;W XLfpd;whHfNs..! mjdhy;

jhd; Nfl;fpd;Nwd; vd;whH> [H[h`;.

,y;iy..! ,y;iy..! thdj;jpypUe;J gpuj;Nafkhf ve;j thSk; tutpy;iy.. ,J fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop)

mtHfspd; gjpyhf ,Ue;jJ.

gpd; Vd; cq;fis i]Gy;yh`; (my;yh`;tpd; ths;) vd;wiof;fpd;whHfs;?

my;yh`; vq;fSf;F topfhl;l ,iwj;J}jiu mDg;gp itj;jhd;. rpyH mtH $wpa fUj;Jf;fis Vw;Wf;

nfhz;lhHfs;> mtH kPJ md;G nfhz;lhHfs;. ,jaq;fspy; Vw;Wf; nfhz;l me;j nfhs;ifia capiu tplTk;

Nerpj;jhHfs;. J}jUf;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;lhHfs;. gyH mtiu vjpHj;jhHfs;> mtH nfhz;L te;j nfhs;ifia Vw;f

kWj;J cjhrpdk; nra;jhHfs;.

Kd;nghU fhyj;jpy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisAk;> mtHfisg; gpd;gw;wpatHfisAk; Fwpg;ghf ,];yhj;jpd;

nfhba tpNuhjpahf ,Ue;jtd; jhd; ehd;. my;yh`; vdJ ,jaj;jpy; ,];yhj;jpd; ntspr;rj;ij Vw;wp

itj;jhd;> ehd; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; Kd;dpiyapy; rj;jpaj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhzNld;> ,];yhkpa mzpapy;

ehDk; xUtdhNdd;. xU Kiw ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; vd;id ghHj;Jf; $wpdhHfs; :

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfNs..! ePq;fs; my;yh`;tpd; ths;..! cq;fsJ ths; typikahdJ vjphpfspd;

ty;yikia mopj;njhopf;Fk;.

vdNt jhd;> md;wpypUe;J vdJ ngaUf;F Kd; i]Gy;yh`; vd;w gl;lk; ,ize;J nfhz;lJ. ehq;fs;

Xhpiwf; nfhs;ifia kf;fs; Kd; itf;fpd;Nwhk;. ,iwtd; xUtNd..! tzq;fj;jf;f ,iwtd; my;yh`;itj;

jtpu NtW ahUkpy;iy vd;W rhd;W gfUkhW kf;fis miof;fpd;Nwhk; vd;W $wpdhH fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop)

Page 23: History of islamic army generals in tamil

mtHfs;.

,e;jf; nfhs;ifia ehd; Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhy; ePq;fs; ngw;wpUf;ff; $ba ,Nj ew;NgWfis ehDk; mile;J

nfhs;s KbAkh? ,d;Dk; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfNs..! Fwpg;ghf cq;fisg; Nghd;Nw ehDk; Mf

KbAkh? vd;W Nfl;lhH vd;w me;j Nuhkg; gilj;jsgjp.

Vd; KbahJ. epr;rakhf KbAk;. ,d;Dk; vd;id tpl ePq;fs; caH jFjpfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sTk; KbAk;

vd;whHfs; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs;.

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfspd; tpsf;fj;jpdhy; ftug;gl;l [H[h`; vd;w me;j Nuhkg; gilj;jsgjp>

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfNs..! ehd; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;s tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. vdf;F rj;jpa rhd;iwf;

fw;Wj; jhUq;fs;. tzq;fj;jf;f ,iwtdhf my;yh`;it Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;> mtdhy; mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;l

J}jH K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfisAk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd; vd;W $wp ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhH.

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfspd; MNyhridg;gb> Fspj;Jj; jd;idj; J}a;ikg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L te;j [H[h`;

mtHfs;> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfspd; jpUf;fuq;fspdhy; ,];yhj;jpid Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,uz;L

uf;mj; njhOiffisAk; njhOJ> NeHtop fhl;ba ,iwtDf;F ed;wpf; fld; nrYj;jpf; nfhz;lhH.

jhd; gil elj;jp te;j Nuhkg;gilf;F KbTiu vOjp tpl;L> ,];yhkpa mzpapy; ,ize;J KfTiu vOjj;

jahuhfp tpl;lhH me;jj; jsgjp. Nuhkg;gilf;Fj; jsgjpahf te;jtH> ,g;nghOJ ,];yhkpa mzpapy; fhypj; gpd;

tyPj; (uop) mtHfspd; jiyikapd; fPo; rhjhuzg; giltPuuhfg; gzpahw;w Muk;gpj;j mtH> ,];yhj;jpd;

Nkd;ikf;fhfTk; ,d;Dk; jhDk; capHj;jpahfpahf khwp me;j Rtdj; njd;wiyr; Rthrpf;fg; Gwg;gl;L tpl;lhH.

vd;Nd.. mtuJ jpahfk;...! mtH ,];yhj;jpid Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljw;Fk; mtH capH jpahfpahf khw;wk;

ngWtjw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l fhyg; gFjpahf ,e;j ,uz;L uf;mj; njhOiff;fhd Neuk; kl;LNk jilahf ,Ue;jJ.

rw;W Kd; ,iwepuhfhpg;ghsHfspd; mzpapy; ,Ue;jtH> mLj;j epkplk; ,iwek;gpf;ifahsuhf khw;wk; ngw;W> rpy

epkplq;fspNyNa capHj;jpahfpfspd; gl;baypy; NrHe;J tpl;l mtH> kpfg; ngUk; mjpH\;lrhyp jhd;.

,Wjp epiy

vjphpfspd; neQ;rq;fspy; mr;rj;ij tpijj;j me;j tPuj;jpd; tpis epyj;jpy; kuzj;jpd; tpijfs; tsHe;J

tpUl;rkhf tsu Muk;gpj;jd. gytPdq;fs; mtuJ neQ;rj;ij NehAw Kad;W Njhw;Wg; Nghdjhy;> gytPdk;

kuzkhf khwpaJ. Ntq;if Nghy ele;j mtuJ fhy;fs; ,g;nghOJ gLf;ifapy; epiyFiye;J fple;jd.

kuzk; mtiu neUq;f Muk;gpj;jJ. kuzg;gLf;ifapy; fple;j me;j khtPuH> jdJ vz;zq;fs; epiwNtwhj

epiyFwpj;J> FKwpf; FKwp mo Muk;gpj;jhH.

ehd; vj;jid NghHfspy; fye;J nfhz;bUg;Ngd;. vj;jid thl;fisAk;> mk;GfisAk; vdJ cly; re;jpj;jJ.

mg;nghOnjy;yhk; capHjpahfpahf khwp> Rtdj;Jj; Njhl;lq;fspYk;> ,iwtDila mH\pYk; gr;irg; gwitahfg;

gwe;J jphpaj; Jbj;NjNd..!

vdJ clypy; jhd; vj;jid vj;jid jOk;Gfs;..! ,jpy; xd;whtJ vd;id capHj;jpahfpapd; me;j];jpy;

Rtdj;jpy; NrHf;ftpy;iyNa..!

vdJ Mirfs; epiwNtwhj epiyapy; kuzk; vd;idj; jOTfpd;wNj..! vd;W FKwpa mtuJ tpopfspypUe;J

fz;zPH ngUf;nfLj;NjhbaJ.

mtuJ ftiyfs; mtiuf; fiuNrHf;ftpy;iy. capHj;jpahfp vd;w me;j];ij milAk; ghf;fpak; mtUf;Ff;

fpilf;fhkNyNa kuzj;ij mtH jOtpf; nfhz;lhH. cliy tpl;L capH> ,iwtdpd; ghy; nrd;W tpl;lJ.

mtH kuzkile;j nghOJ> Ml;rpg; nghWg;gpy; ckH (uop) mtHfs; ,Ue;jhHfs;. fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop)

mtHfspd; kuzj;ijf; Nfs;tpg;gl;l ckH (uop) mtHfs; fz;fs; fyq;fpdhHfs;. kjPdh efuNk Nrhfj;jpy;

%o;fpaJ. fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs;> ,Wjpahf tpl;Lr; nrd;witfs; mtuJ MAjKk;> mtuJ FjpiuAk;

jhd; vd;gijf; Nfs;tpg;gl;l ckH (uop) mtHfs;> cz;ikapy; mtH kpf caHe;j kdpjH jhd; vd;W Gfohuk;

#l;bdhHfs;.

ckH (uop) mtHfs; Ml;rpg; nghWg;Ngw;wTld;> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfis jsgjpg; nghWg;gpy; ,Ue;J ePf;fp

Page 24: History of islamic army generals in tamil

tpl;lhHfs;. vg;nghOJ ckH (uop) mtHfspd; me;j cj;juT fpilj;jNjh> mg;nghONj jdJ gjtpiaf; fhyp

nra;J tpl;L> ve;j KZKZg;Gk; fhl;lhky; mLj;jtUf;F top tpl;lNjhL> rhjhuzg; giltPuuhfNt jdJ

,Wjpf; fhyk; tiu nrayhw;wp te;jhH. cd;djkhd Nehf;fq;fSf;Fr; nrhe;jf;fhuuhd mtH> ,];yhKk;> mjd;

nfhs;iffSk; ,e;jg; G+kpapy; epiyngw Ntz;Lk;> ,iwtdJ rj;jpa thHj;ijfs; ,e;jg; G+kpg; ge;ij Ms

Ntz;Lk;> mjw;fhf clyhYk;> nghUshYk;> capuhYk; Nrit nra;tJ xd;Nw Fwpf;Nfhshff; nfhz;l me;j

cj;jkH> mjw;fhf jsgjpg; nghWg;gpy; ,Ue;J jhd; nray;gl KbAk; vd;wpy;yhky;> rhjhuzg; giltPudhfTk;

,Ue;J nray;gl KbAk; vd;gij ep&gpj;Jf; fhl;bdhH. mtuJ ,e;j cj;jkkhd> NeHikahd> J}a;ikahd

vz;zq;fs; ,d;iwf;Fk; ekf;nfhU tuyhw;Wg; gbg;gpidahf ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

jdJ ,];yhkpa tho;it kpfg; ngUk; gilj;jsgjpahf Muk;gpj;J> rhjuhz giltPuuhf Kbj;Jf; nfhz;lhH.

,];yhj;ij NkNyhq;fr; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf mtH njhlHe;J NghHfspy; fye;J nfhz;ljd; fhuzkhf>

mtuJ clypd; xt;nthU ghfKk; tpOg;Gz;fshfy; #og;gl;bUe;jJ> ,d;Dk; xt;nthU ghfKk; typahy; uzkhfp>

Ntjidiaj; je;J nfhz;bUe;jd.

vd;iwf;F mtH kuzkile;jhNuh md;iwa jpdk; jhd; mtuJ Kjy; Xa;T ehshfg; ghpzkpj;jJ. Rtdr;

Nrhiyfspy; jQ;rk; GFe;j me;jj; jpdk; jhd; mtH Xa;T vLf;Fk; Kjy; jpdkhfTk; ,Ue;jJ.

mtuJ kuz CHtyk; mtuJ tPl;bypUe;J njhlq;Ffpd;wJ. mtuJ cly; mtuJ ,y;yj;jpypUe;J ntspf;

nfhz;L tug;gl;l nghOJ> fz;zPUld; jdJ kfid mDg;gp itj;j mtuJ jhahH>

kfNd..! eP tho;e;j fhyq;fspy; rpq;fj;ij tpl tPukhf tho;e;jha;. mNj Nghy ejpia tpl gpwH kPJ

fUiziag; nghope;J tho;e;jha; vd;W Gfohuk; #l;ba mtuJ jha;> ,d;Dk; kfNd..! vt;thW rpq;fk; jdJ

Fl;bfis mutizj;Jg; ghJfhf;FNkh mJ Nghy ,e;j ,];yhkpa ck;kj;ijg; ghJfhj;J tsHj;J te;jha;.

ah my;yh`;...! vdJ kfid cd;dplk; milf;fykhfj; je;J tpl;Nld;> mtd; kPJ fUiz Ghpe;jUs;thahf..!

vd;W gpuhHj;jpj;jhHfs;.

Mk;..! me;jj; jhapd; gpuhHj;jidfspd; gpujpgyid epr;rakhf mtH kWik ehspNy fz;L nfhs;thH. fz;fspy;

FspHr;rpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;thH. mtd; vg;nghOJk; vd;id re;Njh\khfNt itj;jpUe;jhd;> vdNt> ah

my;yh`;..! kWik ehspNy mtDf;F eP re;Njh\j;ij mspg;ghahf vd;Wk; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfspd;

jhahH jdJ kfdpd; kWikf;fhfg; gpuhHjpj;jhHfs;.

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfspd; jhahuJ gpuhHj;jidfspd; thpfisf; Nfs;tpg;gl;l ckH (uop) mtHfs;>

mtuJ jhahH $wpa midj;Jk; cz;ikNa..! mtH $wpa midj;jpw;F chpj;jhdtNu..! vd;W Gfohuk;

#l;bdhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfsJ cly; kz;ziwf;Fs; ,wf;fg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. jsgjpia

,oe;j NjhoHfspd; ,jaq;fs; Nrhfj;jhy; vhpkiyahff; FKwpf; nfhz;bUe;jhYk;> ,iwtdpd; Kbit

MNkhjpj;jtHfshf mikjp fhj;jhHfs;> KOr; #o;epiyAk; eprg;jkhf ,Ue;jJ. fhw;wpy; miraf; $ba ,iyapd;

XirAk;> fhybapy; glf; $ba rWFfspd; XirAk; $l me;j Ntisapy; njspthff; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jd.

mikjp..! mikjp...! G+uz mikjp...!

ntw;wpiaj; jtpu NtnwjidAk; ngw;Wj; juhj me;jj; jsgjpapd; cly; kz;zpw;Fs; itf;fg;gl;lJk;> FKwpf;

nfhz;bUe;j vhpkiyfs; ,g;nghOJ cjLfspd; Xuj;jpy; te;J epd;W ntbf;ff; fhj;jpUe;jd. fz;fs; gdpf;

Flj;ij Rke;J nfhz;bUe;jd.

rw;W J}uj;jpy; ,d;ndhU NjhoUk; ele;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; mlf;f epfor;rpfisg; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhH.

Mk;..! me;jj; NjhoUk; xU ,iz gphpahj NjhoHjhd;. xt;nthU NghhpYk; jdJ jiytid KJfpy; Rke;J

nfhz;L> jdJ jiytd; ,Lk; fl;lisfSf;F khW nra;ahky;> vjphpfis ClWj;Jr; nrd;W jiytdpd;

gzpia vspjhf;fpatUk; ,e;jj; NjhoH jhd;.

Mk;..! me;jj; NjhoH ahUky;y..! fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; fye;J nfhz;l midj;Jg; NghHfspYk;

fye;J nfhz;l mtuJ Fjpiuahd m];fH jhd; me;jj; NjhoH.

,dp jdJ jiytid vd;WNk ehk; ghHf;fg; Nghtjpy;iy vd;W mwpe;j m];fhpd; fz;fspy; ,Ue;J fz;zPH

Kj;Jf;fs; jpuz;L> Kj;Jf;fs; jptisfshf mjdJ fz;zj;ij eidj;Jf; nfhz;L fhw;whw;W nts;skhf

Page 25: History of islamic army generals in tamil

cUz;Nlhbf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.

mikjpiaf; fpopj;Jg; Nghl;lJ m];fhpd; fz;zPH> vhpkiyaha; ntbj;Jr; rpjwpd NjhoHfspd; ,jar; rpiufs;..!

m];fhpd; fz;fspy; tope;Njhba fz;zPiuf; fz;l NjhoHfsJ ,ja vhpkiy ntbj;Jr; rpjwpd> cjLfs;

Jbj;jd..> fz;fs; fz;zPiur; nrhwpa Muk;gpj;jd. ,Uisf; fpopj;j xspiag; Nghy mikjpAk; mq;Nf mope;Nj

NghdJ> vq;Fk; NjhoHfspd; tpk;kpa Xir..!

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uop) mtHfs; `p[;hp 21 y; kuzkile;jhHfs;. mtHfspd; cly; `k;kh]; - y; ey;ylf;fk;

nra;ag;gl;lJ. epiwthd tho;f;if tho;e;j mtH> gilj;jtidr; re;jpf;fg; Gwg;gl;L tpl;lhH.

Page 26: History of islamic army generals in tamil

mG+ cigjh gpd; my; [Huh`; (uyp)

vd;dUikr; rNfhjuHfNs!

,iwj; J}jH (]y;) mtHfshy;> Rtdj;ij mde;juq; nfhs;sf; $batHfs; vd;W ed;kuhaq; $wg;gl;l

egpj;NjhoHfs; gj;Jg; Nghpy; mG+ cigjh gpd; my; [Huh`; (uyp) mtHfSk; xUtuhthH.

ehk; tho;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;w ,e;jf; fhyg; gphpT K];ypk;fs; vq;fpDk; mlf;FKiwf;Fk; xLf;FKiwf;Fk;

cl;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; fhyg;gphpthf ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. Fwpg;ghf> <uhf; kw;Wk; mnkhpf;fhtpw;F

vjpuhd NghH cr;rfl;lj;ij mile;jpUf;Fk; ,e;jr; #o;epiyapy;> mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfspd; tho;f;if

tuyhwhdJ> ek; midtUf;Fk; ,d;Dk; jiyikg; gjtpia tpUk;Gk; midtUf;Fk; kpfr; rpwe;j ghlkhf ,Ue;J

nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

,];yhj;jpd; cd;djj;jpw;fhfg; ghLgl Ntz;ba rKjhaKk; mjd; jiytHfSk; jq;fsJ Ra yhgq;fSf;fhf

vjphpaplk; $l jd; rNfhjuidf; fhl;bf; nfhLf;Fk; JNuhfr; nraiyr; nra;J nfhz;bUf;ff; $ba ,op

epiyiaAk;> jd; nrhe;j rNfhjuid mbg;gjw;F - rpYit Aj;jf; fhuHfSf;F ,lk; nfhLj;J K];ypk;fspd;

capHfspd; kPJ jq;fsJ mhpaizfis jf;f itj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;ff; $ba K];ypk; Ml;rpahsHfSf;F kj;jpapy;>

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; gapw;rpg; ghriwapy; tho;e;j me;j Gz;zpa Mj;khf;fs; ve;jsT khHf;fj;jpw;fhf

jq;fsJ Ra yhgq;fisj; Jr;rkhf kjpj;J ele;jhHfs; vd;gij ,e;j tuyhw;wpd; %yk; ehk; gbg;gpid ngw;Wf;

nfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ. mtHfs; jsgjpfshf Ml;rpahsHfshf ,Ue;jhYk;> nfhLf;fg;gl;l gjtpf;F ehk; kWikapy;

gjpy; nrhy;yf; flikg;gl;ltHfs; vd;W mtHfs; kWikiag; gae;J tho;e;jhHfs;. jq;fsplk; nry;tk;

Ftpe;jpUe;j NghjpYk; vspa tho;itNa Nkw;nfhz;lhHfs;. jiyikg; gjtpapypUe;J jq;fis fPopwf;fp> rhjhuz

Nrtfdhf khw;wpa NghJk; Gul;rpf; nfhb gpbf;fhky; rKjhaj;ij ,uz;L gpsthfg; gpse;J Nghlhky;> Nrtfk;

nra;aTk; mtHfs; jahuhdhHfs; vd;w tuyhw;iwg; ghHf;Fk; nghOJ> vjphpfSf;F ,lk; nfhLj;j K];ypk;fis

nehe;J nfhs;tjh? my;yJ K];ypk;fspd; ,ayhikiag; Ghpe;J nfhz;L K];ypk;fisg; gfilf;fhahfg;

gad;gLj;Jk; vjphpfis nehe;J nfhs;tjh? vd;w Nfs;tpia ekf;Fs; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;L> ekJ ,opepiyfis

epidj;J kpfTk; rpe;jpf;f Ntz;batHfshfTk;> me;j ,opepiyia Nghf;Fjtw;F <Nfh Nghd;wtw;iw J}f;fp

vwpe;J> ,];yhj;jpd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;F ghLglf; $batHfshf ek;ik khw;wpf; nfhs;tjw;Fk;> ehk; ek;ik

gf;Ftg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sf; $ba mtruk; xd;W ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;gij czHe;jtHfshf ek;ik khw;wpf; nfhs;s

Kd;tu Ntz;batHfshf ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;.

ek; Kd; mofpa Kd; khjphpia tpl;Lr; nrd;w me;j cj;jk NjhoHfspd; top elf;f Kaw;rpg;Nghk;. ekf;Fs;

cs;s gpsTfs; gphptpidfis kwg;Nghk;> kd;dpg;Nghk;. ,af;ff; nfhbfs; cau Ntz;Lk; vd;gij tpl>

,];yhj;ij caHj;JtJ xd;iwNa ek; Nehf;fkhff; nfhs;Nthk;.

mG+ cigjh gpd; my; [Huh`; (uyp) - ,tuJ ,aw; ngaH MkpH gpd; mg;Jy;yh gpd; my; [Huh`; vd;W

,Ue;jhYk;> mG+ cigjh gpd; my; [Huh`; vd;w rpwg;Gg; ngaH nfhz;Nl miof;fg;gl;lhH. Fiw\pfspNyNa

kpfTk; nkd;ikahd> ed;dlj;ijAs;s> ey;y gof;ftof;fq;fs; cs;s kdpjHfspy; mG+gf;fH (uyp) kw;Wk;

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfSld; xg;gpLk; msTf;F kpfr; rpwe;j kdpjuhfj; jpfo;e;jhHfs;.

,tH jdJ ez;gHfSf;fpilapy; kpfTk; nkd;ikahdtuhfTk;> Nghhpd; nghOJ kpfTk; fbd rpj;jk;

nfhz;ltuhfTk; jpfo;e;jhH. c`Jg; NghhpNy fye;J nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ> vjphpfspd; jhf;Fjypd; fhuzkhf

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSila jhilapy; mtHfs; mzpe;jpUe;j jiyf;ftrj;jpd; gFjpfs; Fj;jpr; nrWfp

,uj;jk; tope;J nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ> mtw;iw jd; gw;fspdhy; fbj;J ,Oj;J ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis

NehtpidapypUe;J ghJfhj;jjd; fhuzkhf ,tH> jdJ ,uz;L gw;fisAk; ,oe;jhH.

mG+ cigjh gpd; my; [Huh`; (uyp)> mg;JH u`;khd; gpd; mt;/g; (uyp)> mHfk; gpd; mgP mHfk; (uyp)> cj;khd;

gpd; kJ}d; (uyp) MfpNahHfs; mG+gf;fH (uyp) mtHfSld;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; jpUf;fuq;fspy;>

my;yh`;itj; jtpu tzf;fj;jpw;Fhpa ,iwtd; NtW ,y;iy vd;Wk;> K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfs; ,iwtdpd;

J}juhf ,Uf;fpd;whH vd;Wk; thf;FWjp mspj;J> ,];yhj;jpy; ,ize;j rpwg;Gf;FhpatHfs;.

re;Njfkpy;yhky; ,];yhk; vd;Dk; Nfhl;ilia me;j muG kz;zpNy fl;lg;gLtjw;Fj; J}z; Nghy epd;wtHfs;

,tHfs;.

Page 27: History of islamic army generals in tamil

mG+ cigjh gpd; my; [Huh`; (uyp) ,];yhj;jpd; Muk;g fhyj;jpy; kw;w ,iwj; NjhoHfs; vt;thW

f\;lq;fisAk; Jd;gq;fisak; mDgtpj;jhHfNsh> mjidg; NghyNt ,tUk; Fiw\pfs; je;j Jd;gq;fisj;

jhq;fpf; nfhz;L> ,];yhj;ijg; gpd;gw;wp tho;tjpy; cWjpAld; ,Ue;jhHfs;.

c`Jg; NghhpNy vjphpfspd; eLNt nrd;W mtHfisj; Jtk;rk; nra;J Xl Xl tpul;b jdJ tPuj;ijf; fhl;ba

ngUkfd; ,tH. c`Jg; NghH ele;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. vjphpfspd; eLNt mG+ cigjh (uyp) epd;W Nghhpl;Lf;

nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ xU kdpjH ,thplk; tk;Gf;nfd;W NghH Ghpa tUfpd;whH. ,tUk; me;j kdpjiuj; jtpHj;J

kw;w gf;fk; ftdk; nrYj;Jk; nghOnjy;yhk;> ,tiu mtkjpf;Fk; Nehf;fpNyNa ,tH Kd; te;J

tk;Gf;fpOf;fpd;whH. ,tUk; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; me;j kdpjiuj; jtpHf;fNt Kaw;rpf;fpd;whH. ,Wjpapy; mtUld;

NkhjpNa Mf Ntz;Lk; vd;w #o;epiyapy;> me;j vjphpapd; jiyapy; jdJ thisg; gha;r;rp mtuJ jiyia ,U

$uhf;fp> epyj;jpNy ntw;Wlyhf tPo;j;Jfpd;whH. mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfis ,e;jsT rpdk; nfhs;sr; nra;j

me;j kdpjH ahnud;W fUJfpd;wPHfs;?! cq;fshy; A+fpf;f Kbfpd;wjh? mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfspd; thSf;F

,iuahd me;j kdpjH NtW ahUky;y> mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfspd; je;ijahH jhd; me;j kdpjuhthH.

mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfs; ,jd; %yk; nrhe;jge;j cwTfsh? my;yJ ,iwtdpd; khHf;fkh? vd;w ,f;fl;lhd

epiy jd; Kd; te;J epd;w nghOJ> ,iwkhHf;fj;jpw;Fj; jhd; mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;jhNu xopa> khwhf>

jdJ nrhe;j ge;jj;jpw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;ftpy;iy. ,jd; %yk; mtH jhd; Vw;Wf; nfhz;l khHf;fj;jpy;

jdf;fpUe;j cWjpia ntspg;gLj;jpdhH. ,iwtdpd; kPJs;s md;ghdJ kw;w vy;yhtw;iwAk; kpQ;rpaJ.

,iwtdpd; kPJs;s md;gpw;F Kd;dhy; kiyNa te;jhYk; rhp my;yJ MNw FWf;fpl;lhYk; rhpNa> mtw;iw

vy;yhk; jd; fhy; J}rpf;F rkkhf;fp> ,iwtdJ md;igg; ngWtnjhd;Nw jq;fsJ Nehf;fkhff; fUjp tho;e;j

me;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; NjhoHfspd; thpirapy; mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfSk; xUtuhfj; jpfo;e;jhH.

,jd; %yk; vjphpfSf;F rpk;k nrhg;gdkhfj; jpfo;e;jhHfs;. vjphpfspd; J}f;fj;jpy; $l mtHfis

mr;RWj;jpdhHfs;.

my;yh`;itAk; ,Wjp ehisAk; ek;Gk; r%fj;jpdH> my;yh`;itAk; mtdJ J}jiuAk; gifj;Jf;

nfhz;ltHfis Nerpg;gtHfshf (egpNa!) ePH fhzkhl;BH. mtHfs; jq;fs; ngw;NwhuhapDk; jq;fs;

Gjy;tHfshapDk; jq;fs; rNfhjuHfshapDk; jq;fs; FLk;gj;jpduhapDk; rhpNa! (Vnddpy;) mj;jifatHfspd;

,jaq;fspy;> (my;yh`;) <khid vOjp(g; gjpj;J) tpl;lhd;. NkYk; mtd; jd;dplkpUe;J (mUs; vd;Dk;)

Md;khitf; nfhz;L gyg;Lj;jpapUf;fpwhd;; RtHf;fr; Nrhiyfisg; gpuNtrpf;fr; nra;thd;; mtw;wpd; fPNo MWfs;

Xbf;nfhz;L ,Uf;Fk;. my;yh`; mtHfisg; nghUe;jpf; nfhz;lhd;; mtHfSk; mtidg; nghUe;jpf;

nfhz;lhHfs;. mtHfs;jhk; my;yh`;tpd; $l;lj;jpdH; mwpe;Jnfhs;f. epr;rakhf my;yh`;tpd; $l;lj;jpdHjhk;

ntw;wp ngWthHfs;. (58:22)

xU K];ypk; ,iwtdplj;jpypUe;J tpUk;gf; $ba kpfg; nghpa ntFkjp vd;dntd;why;> jd;idg; gilj;jtidr;

re;jpf;fpd;w me;j ehspNy ntw;wp ngw;w $l;lj;jpdUld; nrhHf;fr; NrhiyapNy cyh tUtnjhd;W jhNd!

mj;jifa nrhHf;fr; NrhiyfspNy cyh tuf; $ba $l;lj;jpdhpy; xUtuhf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd;

jpUthapdhNyNa mUs; thf;Fg; ngw;wtH> mjhtJ ,e;j cyfj;jpNyNa nrhHf;fj;jpw;F ed;khuaq; $wg;gl;l

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; NjhoHfspy; xUtuhthH> ekJ ,e;j kjpg;gpw;Fhpa mG+ cigjh gpd; my; [Huh`;

(uyp) mtHfs;.

`p[;hp 7 Mk; Mz;L ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ifgiu ntw;wp nfhz;l nghOJ> kpfg; gpugykhd

gilj;jsgjpfSs; xUtuhf mq;Nf mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfSk; ,Ue;jhHfs;. ifgiu ntw;wp nfhz;l gpd;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ gilfis ckH gpd; M]; (uyp) mtHfsJ jiyikapy; ryhrpy; vd;w

,lj;jpw;F mDg;gpdhHfs;. vjphpg; gilazpfis kjpg;gPL nra;j ckH gpd; M]; (uyp) mtHfs; NkYk;

mjpfg;gbahd gilapdiu mDg;gp itf;FkhW ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F Ntz;LNfhs; tpLj;jhHfs;. me;j

Ntz;LNfhis Vw;Wf; nfhz;l ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ekJ mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfsJ jiyikapy;

kpfr; rpwg;Gg; ngw;w NjhoHfshd mGgf;fH (uyp) kw;Wk; ckH (uyp) Nghd;NwhHfisAk; mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. ,jd;

%yk; mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfs; vj;jifa caH jiyikg; gz;Gfisg; ngw;wpUe;jhHfs; vd;gij tpsq;f

KbAk;.

,j;Jiz jiyikg;gjtpf;Fj; jFjpahdtuhf ,Ue;Jk;> ,d;iwf;F ek; rKjhaj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; Nghl;b

nghwhikfisg; Nghd;wnjhU ,op Fzq;fSf;F cl;gl;L> i\j;jhdpd; #o;r;rp tiyapy; tpohky; jq;fisf;

Page 28: History of islamic army generals in tamil

fhj;Jf; nfhz;l mtHfsJ ew;gz;GfSf;F ,e;j ryhrpy; NghH xU kpfr; rpwe;j vLj;Jf;fhl;lhFk;.

mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ gilazpAld; ryhrpiy mile;jTld;> mq;Nf nkhj;jg; gilfSf;Fk; ahH

jiyik jhq;FtJ vd;wnjhU gpur;id vOe;jJ. ,g;nghOJs;s jiytHfshf ,Ue;jhy;> jiyikg; gjtpf;F

Mirg;gl;L rKjhaj;ij ,uz;lhfg; gpse;jpUg;ghHfs;. Mdhy; mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfNsh> jd;Dila

jiyikg; gjtpia tpl;L ,wq;fp> jhNd Kd; te;J ckH gpd; M]; (uyp) jiyikapy; Nghhpy; fye;J nfhs;sr;

rk;kjpj;jhHfs;. ,jd; %yk; kpfr; rpwe;jnjhU Kd;Djhuzkpf;f Njhouhf mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfs;

jpfo;e;jhHfs;.

`p[;hp 6 Mk; Mz;bd; nghOJ> nrq;fliy xl;ba gFjpapy; nrd;W nfhz;bUe;j Fiw\pfspd; tzpff;

$l;lj;ij vjpH nfhs;tjw;fhf mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;l 300 NgH nfhz;l gilazpf;F> mG+ cigjh (uyp)

mtHfisj; jsgjpahf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;.

me;j gilazpf;Fj; Njitahd czthf rpwpjsNt NghPj;jk; goq;fs; ,Ue;jd. me;jg; goq;fis Nu\d;

mbg;gilapy; jd; NjhoHfSf;F mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfs; gq;fpl;Lf; nfhLj;J te;jhHfs;. xU rkaj;jpy; xU

Ntisf;F xU egUf;F xU NghPj;jk; gok; tPjk; nfhLf;Fk; ,f;fl;lhd #o;epiyf;Fk; js;sg;gl;lhHfs;. mjid

mLj;J me;jg; gilazp if trk; itj;jpUe;j midj;J NghPj;jk; goq;fSk; jPHe;J Nghdjd; gpd;> mq;F

fpilj;j ,iy jiyfisj; jpd;W nfhz;L> jq;fsJ tho;f;ifia efHj;jpa me;jg; gilazpfs;> ve;jtpj

Kf;fiyAk; KdfiyAk; ntspg;gLj;jhky;> jq;fSf;F nfhLf;fg;gl;l gzpapd; kPJ kpfTk; ftdkhf ,Ue;J>

jhq;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;l nghWg;ig epiwNtw;wpdhHfs;. mg;nghOJ> ,tHfsJ ,e;jj; jpahfj;ijf; nfsutpf;Fk;

nghUl;L> ,iwtd; ,tHfs; gazk; nra;J nfhz;bUe;j flypd; Xuk; xU kPid xJq;fr; nra;jhd;. me;j

kPidg; gpbj;J> nkhj;j gilazpapdUk; jq;fsJ grpiag; Nghf;fpf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,tHfsJ ,e;jg; gz;Gfs;>

jtf;fy;j;J myy;yh`; - mjhtJ ,iwtidNa Kw;wpYk; rhHe;jpUe;J> mtdplNk jq;fsJ midj;J

mYty;fspd; ed;ik jPikfis xg;gilj;J tplf; $ba gz;igg; giwrhw;Wtjhf ,Ue;jJ> ,jd; %yk;

mtHfsJ <khdpd; - ,iwek;gpf;ifapd; cWjpia ntspg;gLj;jpf; fhl;baJ. ,d;Dk; jd; kPJ nghWg;igr; Rkj;jp

NeHikNahLk;> tha;ikNahLk; fhhpakhw;Wk; K];ypk;fis ,iwtd; vd;WNk iftpl khl;lhd; vd;gijAk; ,e;jr;

rk;gtk; %yk; ehk; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

`p[;hp 9 Mk; Mz;L Vkd; Njrj;jpypUe;J te;j xU FOnthd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisr; re;jpj;J tpl;L>

[p];ah vd;Dk; ghJfhg;G thpiar; nrYj;jr; rk;kjk; njhptpj;J tpl;l gpd;> jq;fSf;F ,iwkhHf;fj;ijf; fw;Wf;

nfhLg;gjw;fhf xUtiu mDg;gp itf;Fk;gb Nfhhpf;if itj;jhHfs;. vdNt> me;j kf;fSld; ek;gpf;ifahd

xUtiuj; NjHT nra;J mDg;gp itf;f ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jPHkhdpj;j nghOJ> ,d;Dk; mGgf;fH (uyp)>

ckH (uyp) Nghd;NwhHfnsy;yhk; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUe;j me;j mitapy;> ,d;Dk; jd;idj; NjHT nra;J

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; mDg;gp itf;f khl;lhHfsh vd ckH (uyp) Nghd;NwhHfnsy;yhk; ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfspd; fz;gLk; gbahf jq;fsJ fOj;Jf;fis caHj;jp caHj;jp jq;fis milahsg;gLj;jpf;

nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfisj; NjHT nra;J me;jf;

$l;lj;jpdUld; mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. me;jsTf;F ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; ed;dk;gpf;ifiag; ngw;Wf;

nfhz;l egpj;Njhouhf mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfs; jpfo;e;jhHfs;.

mJkl;Lky;yhky; kpfg; gpugykhd NghHfshd gj;H> c`j;> fe;jf;> gD} Fiush kw;Wk; ryhry;> jpkp];f;>

/g`y;> `k];> aHKf; Mfpa NghHfspYk; gq;nfLj;Jf; nfhz;l khtPuuhfTk; mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfs;

jpfo;e;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; `{ijgpa;ah cld;gbf;ifapy; fye;J nfhz;ltHfspy; xUtuhfTk;> `[;[j;Jy; tpjh-

tpd; nghOJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSld; `[;[py; fye;J nfhz;l egpj;NjhoHfspy; xUtuhfTk;

,Ue;jhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kuzkile;jjd; gpd;G> egpj;NjhoHfspd; kj;jpapy; kpfg; nghpanjhU Fog;gkhd

#o;epiy epytpaJ. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisg; gphpe;J mtuJ NjhoHfs; fz;zPH tbj;jgb> epk;kjpapoe;J

jtpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j Neuk;. ,d;Dk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis mLj;J jq;fis topelj;jpr; nry;yf; $ba

jiytuhf ahiuj; NjHe;njLg;gJ vd;gjpYk; mtHfSf;fpilNa Fog;gq;fs; epytp te;jd. ,e;j ,f;fl;lhd

#o;epiyapy; vOe;j nfhe;jspg;igj; jzpg;gjw;F top njhpahky; kf;fs; jpz;lhbf; nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ> mG+

cigjh (uyp) mtHfs; rkNahrpjkhf rpy Ntisfisr; nra;a Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. md;rhhpfisAk;>

K`h[pHfisAk; Nehf;fp> K];ypk;fs; vt;thW ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;wnjhU Kd;khjphpkpf;f jiyg;gpy;

Page 29: History of islamic army generals in tamil

czHr;rpg;G+HtkhdnjhU ciuia epfo;j;jp> vOe;j nfhe;jspg;ig mlf;Ftjw;F Kaw;rp nra;jhHfs;.

mg;nghOJ mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; vOe;J> kf;fs; jhq;fs; tpUk;gpa jiyikiaj; NjHT nra;ayhk; vd;W

mwptpj;J tpl;L> ckH (uyp) mtHfis Nehf;fp> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; :

ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; tUifahy; ,];yhk; nghopTw;wJ> mtuJ %ykhf my;yh`; ,];yhj;ij NkNyhq;fr;

nra;jhd; vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;.

,d;Dk; cq;fs; Kd; epd;W nfhz;bUf;Fk; mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfisg; gw;wp ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

$Wk; nghOJ> xt;nthU rKjhaj;jpw;F xU ed;dk;gpf;ifahsH cz;L. vd;Dila rKjhaj;jpd;

ed;dk;gpf;ifahsuhf mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfs; jpfo;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs;.

,g;nghOJ cq;fs; Kd; kpfr; rpwe;j ehafj; NjhoHfs; epd;W nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs;. mtHfspy; ePq;fs;

tpUk;gpatiu cq;fsJ jiytuhfj; NjHe;njLj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs; vd;W mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; $wp Kbj;jJk;>

rkNahrpjkhfr; nray;gl;l mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfs;> kw;Wk; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; jhq;fNs Kd; te;J mGgf;fH

(uyp) mtHfspd; jpUf;fuq;fspy; igmj; vd;w cld;gbf;if nra;J> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfisj; jq;fis top

elj;jpr; nry;Yk; jiytuhfj; NjHe;njLj;j nghOJ> mjidg; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j mj;jid egpj;NjhoHfSk;

xt;nthUtuhf te;J mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfisj; jq;fsJ jiytuhf Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljw;fhd igmj; - cWjp

nkhopia toq;fpdhHfs;.

,jd; %yk; egpj;NjhoHfSf;fpilapy; epytp te;j kpfg; ngUk; Fog;gk; jPHf;fg;gl;lJ. xt;nthUtUk; epk;kjpg;

ngU%r;R tpl;ldH. ,e;j ck;kj;jpd; kpfg; nghpa ,f;fl;lhd #o;epiyiar; rkhspj;j ngUik mG+ cigjh (uyp)

mtHfisNa rhUk;.

mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfs; kpfg; nghpa NghHg; gilj;jsgjpahf kl;Lk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy> khwhf> kpfr; rpwe;j muRj;

J}juhfTk;> MNyhrfuhfTk;> Fog;ghd #o;epiyfspy; kpfr; rpwe;j jPHit vl;lf; $batuhfTk; jpfo;e;jhHfs;.

,e;j kpfr; rpwe;j ew;Fzq;fs; jhd; mtUf;F mkPDy; ck;kh (rKjhaj;jpd; ed;dk;gpf;ifahsH) vd;w nfsutg;

ngaiu ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; %ykhf <l;bj; je;jJ.

,d;Dk; mtH capUld; ,Ue;jhy;> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSf;F mLj;j fyP/ghthf mG+ cigjh (uyp)

mtHfisNa ehd; NjHe;njLg;Ngd; vd;W ckH (uyp) $wpdhHfs; vd;gjpypUe;J> vt;tsT kpfr; rpwe;j jifikg;

gz;Gfis mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfs; ngw;wpUe;jhHfs; vd;gJ tpsq;Fk;.

mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfs; gilj;jsgjpahf ,Uf;f> rphpahtpd; `kh]; gFjpia mtuJ gil ntw;wp

nfhz;ljd; gpd;G> me;jg; gFjpf;F cghjh gpd; ]hkpj; (uyp) mtHfis Nkw;ghHitahshuhf epakpj;J tpl;L>

jdJ gilia mq;fpUe;J efHj;jpf; nfhz;L> nry;Yk; topapy; cs;s rpW rpW FOf;fis ntw;wp nfhz;ljd;

gpd;> y]hf;fpah vd;w efiu mile;J me;j efhpd; Nfhl;ilia Kw;WifapLfpd;whHfs;.

,e;j Kw;Wifg; NghUk; mjd; gpd; ele;j rk;gtq;fSk; ,d;Wk; ,uhZt jpl;lkply; tuyhw;wpy; kpfr; rpwe;j

cj;jpahfg; Nghw;wg;gLfpd;wd. me;j efhpd; Nfhl;ilia Kw;Wif ,l;l mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfsJ uhZtk;>

me;jf; Nfhl;iliar; Rw;wpYk; gJq;F Fopfis ntl;b itf;fpd;wJ. mjd; gpd; jdJ gilfis thg]; ngw;Wf;

nfhz;L> me;j efhpd; xJf;Fg; Gwj;jpw;Fj; jdJ gilia efHj;jpf; nfhz;L nry;fpd;whH. jq;fsJ Nfhl;il

Kw;Wif iftplg;gl;lJ gw;wp mwpe;J nfhz;l mtHfs;> Nfhl;ilapd; fjTfisj; jpwe;J jq;fsJ tof;fkhd

mYty;fisf; ftdpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs;. kPz;Lk; ,uthdJk; jq;fsJ Nfhl;ilf; fjTfis %b

tpLfpd;wdH.

,utpd; ,Uisg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;l mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfsJ gilapdH> jhq;fs; Vw;fdNt ntl;b

itj;jpUe;j gJq;F Fopfspy; nrd;W jq;fis kiwj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wdH. kPz;Lk; fhiyg; nghOJ GyHe;j gpd;

me;j Nfhl;ilf; fjTfs; jpwf;fg;gl;lJk;> Fopfspy; gJq;fp ,Ue;j mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfsJ gilapdH

Nfhl;ilf;F cs; nrd;W Nfhl;ilia kpf vspjhff; ifg;gw;wp tpLfpd;wdH. ,j;ijfa NghH Af;jpia Kjd;

Kjyhf ,e;j cyFf;F mwpKfg;gLj;jpatH> ekJ mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfshfj; jhd; ,Uf;f KbAk;.

aHKf; vd;nwhU MW> ,e;j MW N[hHlhd; ejpia mile;J ,d;Dk; Kg;gJ iky;fs; tisthf Xb aHKf;

vd;w ,lj;ij mile;J gpd;Gk; mJ jdJ gazj;ijj; njhlHfpd;wJ. mq;fpUe;j kpfg; nghpa rkntspg;

gFjpfspYk; gha;e;NjhLfpd;wJ. ,e;j rkntspg;gFjp jhd; aHKf; vd;wiof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;j ,lj;jpy; mGgf;fH

(uyp) mtHfsJ fhyj;jpy; kpfg; Gfo; tha;e;jnjhU NghH ele;jJ.

Page 30: History of islamic army generals in tamil

,e;jg; Nghhpy; 2 yl;rk; giltPuHfisf; nfhz;l Nuhkg; gil> ntWk; 40 Mapuk; giltPuHfisf; nfhz;l

,];yhkpag; gilapdUld; NkhjpaJ. <uhf;fpypUe;J kpf ePz;l gazj;ij Nkw;nfhz;L aHKf; vd;w me;j

,lj;ij fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs; mile;j nghOJ> K];ypk;fs; gy jiyikfspd; fPo; rpjwp rpW rpW

FOf;fshf epd;W nfhz;L NghH nra;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;w jHkrq;flkhd #o;epiyiaf; ftdpf;fpd;whHfs;.

ftiyailfpd;whHfs;. K];ypk; gilfs; mG+ cigjh (uyp)> a]Pj; gpd; mgP R/g;ahd; (uyp)> rH[Py; gpd; k]hdh

(uyp)> ,d;Dk; ehd;fhtjhf mk;H gpd; M]; (uyp) Mfpa jiytHfisf; nfhz;l rpW rpW gilfshf epd;W NghH

nra;J nfhz;bUg;gijf; fhz;fpd;whHfs;.

,tHfs; midtUk; Kjypy; xUq;fpizj;j fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs;> kpfTk; ftiyNjha;e;jtHfshf xU

kpfr; rpwe;j ciu xd;iw epfo;j;Jfpd;whHfs;. ,e;j ciu ,d;iwa fhyfl;lj;jpYk; ek; midtUf;Fk;

nghUe;jf; $ba ciuahf ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

ekJ vjphpfs; kpfr; rpwe;j jahhpg;GfSlDk;> ,d;Dk; ek;ik tpl gd;klq;F gilapdUld; mjpf

vz;zpf;ifapYk; ek; Kd; epd;W nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs;. ek;ik mopj;njhopg;gjw;Ff; fq;fzk; fl;bf; nfhz;L

epd;W nfhz;bUg;gijAk; ePq;fs; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wPHfs;. ePq;fs; ,g;gb rpW rpW FOf;fshf ,Ue;J

nfhz;bUg;gJ cq;fis vjpHf;Fk; vjphpfSf;F kpfr; rhjfkhd mk;rkhfg; Ngha; tpLk;> mtHfs; ek;ik vspjpy;

tPo;j;jp tpLthHfs;. fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfspd; fUj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;l K];ypk; giltPuHfs;> ,d;Dk;

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfsJ MNyhridg;gb> xt;nthU ehSk; xt;nthU jiyikapd; fPo; NghhpLtJ

vd;Wk; KbthfpaJ. ,g;nghOJ> K];ypk; giltPuHfs; xw;Wikahf Xuzpahf xU jiyikapd; fPo; epd;W Nghhplj;

jPHkhdpj;J> vjphpg; gilapdiu ClWj;Jr; nrd;W ntw;wpia Nehf;fpg; NghhpLfpd;whHfs;. Kjy; ehs; NghH fhypj;

gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikapd; fPo; NghuhLtJ vd;W jPHkhdkhfpaJ> ,d;Dk; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp)

mtHfs; jdf;Fs;s mDgtj;jpd; %ykhf> K];ypk; gilazpapdUf;F gapw;rp mspj;J NghUf;Fj;

jahHgLj;Jfpd;whHfs;.

,uz;L mzpfSf;Fk; ,ilNa kpff; fLikahfg; NghH eilngWfpd;wJ. Kjy; ehspNyNa NuhkHfsJ gil xU

yl;rk; NghH tPuHfis ,of;fpd;wJ. thl;fspd; ,iur;rYk;> mbgl;ltHfspd; Xyq;fSk; jpUk;Gk; jpir vy;yhk;

xypj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. K];ypk;fs; Nuhkg; gilfis ClWj;Jr; nrd;W fhyPj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) jiyikapy;

kpfTk; RWRWg;ghf NghH Ghpe;J nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ> jiyefH kjPdhtpypUe;J te;j J}jH xUtH xU

fbjj;ijf; nfhz;L tUfpd;whH. kjPdhtpypUe;J te;j me;jj; J}jH jhd; nfhz;L te;j fbjj;ij mG+ cigjh

gpd; my; [Huh`; (uyp) mtHfsplk; xg;gilf;fpd;whH. fbjj;ij thq;fpa mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfs;> mjid

ahhplKk; $whky; jdJ rl;ilg; igapy; itj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;whH.

,g;nghOJ K];ypk;fs; NuhkHfis ntw;wp nfhz;L tpl;ldH> me;jf; fhl;rpia gilj;jsgjpahf ,Ue;j fhypj;

gpd; tyPj; (uyp) ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j me;j rkaj;jpy; kpfTk; khpahijAld; kjPdhtpypUe;J te;j jghiy

mthplk; mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfs; xg;gilf;fpd;whHfs;. fbjj;ij gbj;J Kbj;j fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp)

mtHfs;> me;jf; fbjj;jpy; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; ,we;J tpl;l nra;jpia mwpe;J kpfTk; fLikahd

Nrhfj;jpyho;e;J tpLfpd;whHfs;.

,d;dh ypy;yh`p t ,d;dh ,iy`p uh[pCd;.

NkYk; me;jf; fbjj;jpy; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfis mLj;J> ckH (uyp) mtHfis kf;fs; jq;fsJ mLj;j

fyPghthfj; NjHe;njLj;jpUg;gJ Fwpj;J kpfTk; re;Njh\kile;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; xU mjpHr;rpahd nra;jpAk;

me;jf; fbjj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUe;jJ> gilj;jsgjpg; nghWg;gpy; ,Ue;J fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfis ePf;fp

tpl;L> me;j ,lj;jpy; mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfis kPz;Lk; epakdk; nra;jpUg;gjhfTk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUe;jJ.

me;jf; fbjj;ijg; gbj;j khj;jpuj;jpNyNa clNd jdJ nghWg;ig mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfSf;F khw;wpf;

nfhLj;J tpl;L> mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfsJ jiyikapd; fPo; NghH Ghpaj; jahuhfp tpl;lhHfs; fhypj; gpd; tyPj;

(uyp) mtHfs;.

,d;Dk;> mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfNs! my;yh`; cq;fs; kPJ mUl;nfhilfisr; nrhwpal;Lk;. fbjk;

te;jTlNdNa Vd; ePq;fs; vd;dplk; njhptpf;ftpy;iy?

mkPDy; ck;kh mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; :

gilf;fsj;jpy; ehq;fs; cq;fisj; njhe;juT nra;a tpUk;gtpy;iy. ,d;Dk; ePq;fs; Nuhkg; gilfSf;F eLNt

Page 31: History of islamic army generals in tamil

Kd;Ndwpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; epiyapy; cq;fisj; jLf;fTk; tpUk;gtpy;iy. ehk; ,e;j cyfj;jpd; mjpfhuj;ij

Ntz;b epw;gtHfsy;y> khwhf> ,e;j cyfj;jpy; flikahw;w te;jtHfs;. my;yh`;tpDila jpUg;nghUj;jj;ij

ehb flikahw;wf; $ba ehk; midtUk; rNfhjuHfNs! vd;w tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;G kpf;f gjpiyf; $wpdhHfs;.

kpff; fbdkhd #o;epiyfspd; NghJ jdf;Ff; fpilf;fg; ngw;w> typaf; fpilj;j mjpfhuj;jpd; kPJ ftdk;

nrYj;jhky;> mikjpahfTk; nghWg;ghfTk; ,Ue;J flikahw;wpa ,tHfspd; gz;G..> kPz;Lk; mtHfis>

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; toq;fpa mkPDy; ck;kj; vd;w gl;lj;jpw;Fj; jFjp tha;e;jtuhfTk;> mjid

ep&gpg;gJ Nghy; ,Ue;jJ. mtH jiyikg; gjtpia mq;F tpUk;gtpy;iy. khwhf> ,];yhj;jpd; kWkyHr;rp xd;Nw

jq;fsJ xNu Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;L gzpahw;wpa me;j cj;jkj; NjhoHfspd; gz;Gfs;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs; ,e;j ed;kf;fsplk; tpijj;J tpl;Lr; nrd;W ew;gz;Gfspd; jhf;fq;fs; jhd; mjd; fhuzk; vd;gij

nrhy;yhky;> mtHfs; nray;fs; epUgzk; nra;J nfhz;bUe;jd. ,d;Dk; jd;dplkpUe;j gjtp gwpf;fg;gl;l

gpd;Gk; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs; ve;jtpj kWg;Gkpd;wp jd;Dila gjtpia khw;wpf; nfhLj;jJk; ,j;ijfa

rpwg;Gg; gz;Gf;FhpatHfspd; gl;baypy; mtHfisAk; NrHj;jJ. ,d;Dk; ehfhPfk; vd;why; vd;d? vd;W Nfl;Lf;

nfhz;bUe;j muGf; Fyq;fspy;> vj;jifa rpwg;Gj; jifikia me;j kf;fs; kj;jpapy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

Vw;gLj;jp tpl;Lr; nrd;wpUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;gijAk; mtHfsJ nray;ghLfs; %yk; ehk; mwpe;J nfhs;s

Kbfpd;wJ.

lkh];f]; efuk; ntw;wp nfhs;sg;gl;l gpd;G jsgjp mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfs;> fyP/gh ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;F

xU kly; vOjp mDg;Gfpd;whHfs;> me;j klypy; ckH (uyp) mtHfNs> lkh];f]; efu kf;fs; jq;fsJ

tUiff;fhff; fhj;jpUf;fpd;whHfs;> cq;fsplk; jhd; jq;fsJ efhpd; rhtpia xg;gilg;Nghk; vd;gjpy; mtHfs;

gpbthjkhf ,Uf;fpd;whHfs;. vdNt> cld; lkh];f]; tuTk; vd;w nra;jpia mDg;Gfpd;whHfs;.

mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfspd; kly; fpilj;jTld;> ckH (uyp) mtHfs; rphpahtpw;Fg; gazkhfpd;whHfs;. jd;id

tuNtw;ff; fhj;jpUe;jtHfsplk; vq;Nf vdJ rNfhjud; vd;W ckH (uyp) Nfl;fpd;whHfs;. ahH cq;fsJ

rNfhjud; vd;W kf;fs; Mr;rhpaj;NjhL tpdt> mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfs; jhd; vd;W gjpy; $wTk;> mtH

mz;kpj;J te;J nfhz;bUg;gij kf;fs; Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;whHfs;. ckH (uyp) mtHfs; mG+ cigjh (uyp)

mtHfisf; fl;bj; jOtp> gpd; ,UtUk; mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfsJ ,y;yj;jpw;Fr; nry;fpd;whHfs;.

mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfspd; Mlk;gukpy;yhj me;j vspa Fbiriar; Rw;wp jd;Dila ghHitiar; nrYj;jpa

ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> mq;F thSk;> mk;Gk;> tpy;iyAk; jtpu Ntnwhd;iwAk;> ,e;j cyf tho;tpd; ve;j

myq;fhuj;ijAk; mq;F mtuhy; fhz Kbatpy;iy. Mr;rhpakile;j ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> mG+ cigjh (uyp)

mtHfNs! ePq;fs; xU kpfg; nghpa nghWg;Gf;Fhpatuhf epakpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;w NghjpYk;> cq;fSf;fhf ePq;fs;

vjidAk; nra;J nfhs;stpy;iyNa! vd;W tpdTfpd;whH.

,g;nghOJ ePq;fs; ,q;F vjidg; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wPHfNsh> ,JNt vd;Dila ,e;j tho;f;iff;Fg;

NghJkhdjhFk; vd;W mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfs; gjpy; $wTk;> ,ijj; jhd; ehd; cq;fsplk; vjpHghHj;Njd;>

,e;j mbg;gilj; jFjpfSlDk;> cq;fSf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s nghWg;Gf;fSf;F ed;dk;gpf;iff;F

chpatuhfTk; vd;iwf;Fk; ePq;fs; epiyj;J> cz;ikahsuhf ,Uq;fs; vd;W tho;j;jpdhHfs;.

mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfspd; fPo; ,Ue;j K];ypk;fspd; gilfs;> rphpah kw;Wk; mjd; Rw;Wg; Gwq;fisf; ifg;gw;wp

,];yhkpa Ml;rpia epiyepWj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;j cr;rf;fl;l Ntisapy;> rphpah KOtJk; xUtpj gpNsf; Neha;

gutpaJ. ,j;jifa nfhLikahd Nehia ,jw;F Kd; me;j kf;fs; mDgtpj;jNj fpilahJ. ,d;Dk; me;j

Neha;f;F mjpfkhd kf;fs; ,iuahfpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. ,jidf; Nfs;tpg;gl;l fyPgh ckH (uyp) mtHfs;>

mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfis kjPdhtpw;F tUk;gb xU fbjj;Jld; xU J}jiu rphpahTf;F mDg;gp itj;J>

cq;fSld; ehd; xU Kf;fpakhd tprakhff; fye;Jiuahl Ntz;bajpUf;fpd;wJ vd;Wk; me;jf; fbjj;jpy;

Fwpg;gpLfpd;whHfs;.

,d;Dk; ,e;jf; fbjj;ij ,utpy; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhy;> mjpfhiy nghOJ GyHtjw;F Kd; mq;fpUe;J fpsk;gp tpl

Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;> ,d;Dk; fhiyapy; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhy; khiyapy; #hpad; kiwtjw;Fs; me;j ,lj;ij tpl;L>

ve;jtpj jhkjKkpd;wpf; fpsk;gp tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; fyPgh ckH (uyp) mtHfs; fl;lis gpwg;gpj;jpUe;jhHfs;.

jdf;F te;j fbjj;ij thrpj;Jg; ghHj;j mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfs;> jd;dplk; ve;j tprak; Fwpj;J ckH (uyp)

mtHfs; NgrtpUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;gJ Fwpj;J czHe;jtHfshf> me;j fbjj;ijNa Nrhfkhfg; ghHj;Jf;

nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. ckH (uyp) mtHfNsh me;jf; fbjj;jpd; %yk; kPz;Lk; ,e;j cyfj;jpy; gpwf;f ,ayhj xU

Page 32: History of islamic army generals in tamil

kdpjiu capUld; ghJfhf;f Kide;jhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfNs! ePq;fs; vd;d tprakhf vd;dplk; fye;Jiuahl tpUk;Gfpd;wPHfs; vd;gJ vdf;Fj; njhpAk;.

ehd; K];ypk;fspd; gilazpapy; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwd;> ,d;Dk; mtHfs; ,g;nghOJ kpf ,f;fl;lhd

#o;epiyapy; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ> vd;idj; jdpj;Jg; gphpj;J mtHfis ifaWepiyapy; tpl;L tpl;L

tu ehd; rk;kjpf;f khl;Nld;. ,d;Dk; mtHfsJ KbTk;> vd;Dila KbTk; ,iwtDila iffspy;

,Uf;fpd;wJ. ckH (uyp) mtHfNs! vd;dUik fyP/gh mtHfNs! cq;fsJ fl;lisf;F kWg;Gj; njhptpf;f

NeHe;J tpl;lNj! vd;gJ Fwpj;J ehd; kpfTk; tUj;jkilfpd;Nwd; vd;W ckH(uyp) mtHfSf;F gjpy; mDg;gp

tpLfpd;whHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; me;jf; fbjj;ij thrpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;ifapy;> mtuJ fzfs; Fskhfp> fz;zPH

ngUf;nfLj;J XLfpd;wJ. fbjj;ijg; ghHj;J tpl;L ckH (uyp) mtHfs; fz;fspypUe;J fz;zPH ngUf;nfLj;J

XLtijf; fz;l Rw;wpapUe;j NjhoHfs;> ckH mtHfNs! VNjDk; Jf;ffukhd nra;jpah? ekJ gilfSf;F

vJTk; NeHe;J tpl;ljh?> cq;fisj; Jd;gj;jpw;Fs;shf;fpa me;j nra;jpia vq;fSf;Fr; nrhy;Yq;fNsd;

vd;whHfs;. K];ypk; gil tPuHfspd; jsgjp> mG+ cigjh gpd; my; [Huh`; (uyp) mtHfs; kuzj;jpd; tpspk;gpy;

,Uf;fpd;whH vd;W gjpYiuj;jhHfs;.

Mk;! kuzk; mtUf;F kpf mUfhikapy; jhd; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUe;jJ.

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; Cfpj;jgbNa ele;jJ. rpy ehl;fs; fopj;J mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfs; kuzkile;J

tpl;lhHfs; vd;w nra;jpAk; kjPdhit te;jile;jJ.

mG+ cigjh (uyp) jd;Dila filrp epkplq;fspd; nghOJ jd;Dila NjhoHfis mioj;Jf; $wpdhH :

vd;dUikj; NjhoHfNs! cq;fSf;F ehd; rpy mwpTiufis tpl;Lr; nry;fpd;Nwd;. mjidg; gpd;gw;Wk;

fhynky;yhk; ghJfhg;igAk; ,d;Dk; mikjpiaAk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tPHfs;. mitahtd:

v njhOif mjw;Fhpa Neuj;jpy; epiwNtw;Wq;fs;

v ukshd; khjj;jpy; Nehd;gpUq;fs;

v (FHghdp) mWj;Jg; gypapLjiyAk; ,d;Dk; jhd jHkq;fisAk; nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;

v `[;i[ epiwNtw;Wq;fs;

v ck;uhitAk; nra;Aq;fs;

v cq;fSf;Fs; ed;ikia Vtpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;

v cq;fsJ Ml;rpahsHfspd; eyj;jpw;Fk; ,d;Dk; cq;fs; kPJ ePjkhf ele;J nfhs;sTk; tpUk;Gq;fs;.

v cq;fsJ Ml;rpahsHfis ePq;fs; Vkhw;wp tplhjPHfs;

v cq;fsJ flikfis epiwNtw;Wk; nghOJ ftdkhf ,Uq;fs;> me;j flikia epiwNtw;Wtjdpd;Dk; ,e;j

cyf Mrhghrq;fs; cq;fis kaf;fp tpl Ntz;lhk;.

v ehd; vd;d nrhy;y tUfpd;Nwd; vd;gijAk; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;Sq;fs;! xU kdpjDf;F Mapuk; tUlq;fshf

mtdJ MAis ePl;bj;Jf; nfhLj;j NghjpYk;> vd;whtJ xUehs; mtd;..> ehd; cq;fs; Kd; fplf;fpd;NwNd

,ijg; Nghy mtd; kuzj;ijr; Ritj;Nj Mf Ntz;Lk;. me;j kuzj;jpd; gpbapypUe;J ahUk; jg;gpj;jpl

,ayhJ.

cq;fs; kPJ vd;Dila ]yhk; cz;lhfl;Lk;. my;yh`;tpDila fUizAk; cq;fs; midtH kPJk;

cz;lhfl;Lk;.

gpd; mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfs; KMj; gpd; [gy; (uyp) mtHfs; gf;fk; jpUk;gp>

,e;j kf;fSf;F njhOifia Kd;dpd;W elj;Jq;fs; (mjhtJ> vdf;Fg; gpd; vd;Dila gjtpia Vw;Wf;

nfhs;Sq;fs;) vd;whHfs;.

,d;Dk; rpy thHj;ijfs; mtuJ thapypUe;J te;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;w epiyapNyNa mtiu kuzk; jOtpf;

nfhz;lJ.

,d;dh ypy;yh`p t ,d;dh ,iy`p uh[pCd;.

Page 33: History of islamic army generals in tamil

KMj; gpd; [gy; (uyp) mtHfs; kf;fs; Kd; ehT jO jOf;f> cjLfs; Jbj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;f xU ciuia

Mw;wpdhHfs; :

vd;dUik ,];yhkpar; rNfhjuHfNs! ,q;F $bapUf;fpd;w ek; midtiuAk; tpl kpfr; rpwe;j ,jaj;jpw;Fr;

nrhe;jf;fhuuhd xUtiu ,oe;J tpl;L> ,g;nghOJ ehk; kpfg; nghpa Jf;fj;jpy; Mo;e;J epd;W

nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;. frLfspypUe;Jk; mOf;FfspypUe;Jk; tpLgl;l J}a;ikahd ,jaj;ijg; ngw;wtuhf mtH

tho;e;jhH. kWikia kpfTk; Nerpj;jtH> ,d;Dk; ek; midtH kPJk; ey;yijNa tpUk;gpatH. ,e;j cyf

tho;f;ifapy; tho;e;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghONj ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfshy;> vd;Dila ck;kj;jpd;

ed;dk;gpf;ifahsH vd;Wk;> thOfpd;w fhyj;jpNyNa nrhHf;fk; Fwpj;J ed;khuak; $wg;gl;ltUkhd xUtiu ehk;

,oe;J Jbj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;. ,d;Dk; mtH kpfr; rpwe;j mjpH\;rhypAk; $l! Rtdj;jpy; mtuJ jFjp

kpf caHe;j jFjpahf epiyngw;wpUf;f ehk; gpuhHj;jpg;Nghk;.

my;yh`; jd;Dila fUizia mtH kPJ nghopal;Lk;!

Page 34: History of islamic army generals in tamil

rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp)

;nebJaHe;j cly;> RUs; Kb kw;Wk; gue;j G[q;fisf; nfhz;l me;j thypgiug; ghHf;Fk; ahUk;> ,tH

my;yh`;tpd; ghijapy; jd;id mHg;gzpf;f te;jtH vd;gij vspjhfg; Ghpe;J nfhs;thHfs;. ,tuJ ,uTfs;

tzf;f topghLfspy; fope;jd> tPuk; kw;Wk; NeHikahd tho;Tf;Fr; nrhe;jf;fhuuhfTk;> ,iwr; rl;lq;fisf;

fz;bg;Gld; Ngzp thof; $batuhfTk; mtuJ tho;T jpfo;e;jJ. ,iwar;rj;Jld; fope;j mtuJ tho;tpy;>

nfhilj;jd;ikAk;> ViofSf;F ,uq;Fk; jd;ikAk;> gzpTk; ,d;Dk; jpahfKk; epiwe;jpUe;jd. ,j;jifa

ew;Fzq;fSf;Fr; nrhe;jf;fhuuhd rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd;

jpUtjdq;fspdhy; nrhHf;fj;jpw;F ed;khuhaq; $wg;gl;l 10 ]`ghg; ngUkf;fspy; xUtuhfTk; jpfof; $ba

ew;Ngw;iwg; ngw;wtuhfj; jpfo;e;jhH.

,d;Dk; rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfsJ gpuhHj;jidfis ah my;yh`; eP Vw;Wf; nfhs;thahf! ,d;Dk;

mtuJ tpy;ypypUe;J Gwg;gLfpd;w mk;G> vjphpapd; ,yf;ifj; Jy;ypakhfj; Jisf;f fpUig nra;thahf vd;Wk;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfSf;fhfj; JMr; nra;Ak; NgW ngw;wtHfshfj;

jpfo;e;jhHfs;.

,d;Dk; my;yh`;Tf;Fk; mtdJ J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;Fk; tha;ikahf ele;J nfhs;Nthk;> ve;j epiyapYk;

mjpypUe;J khw khl;Nlhk; vd;W tha;ikahf cWjp nkhop mspj;j> mjhtJ igmj;JH hpo;thd; vd;Dk;

xg;ge;jj;jpy; fye;J nfhz;l ngUkf;fspy; ,tUk; xUtuhthH. jpUkiwf;FHMdpy; Gfo;e;J $wg;gl;bUf;Fk; gy

egpj;NjhoHfspy; rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfSk; xUtuhthH. ,d;Dk; c`j; NghhpNy mQ;rhky;

vjphpfisj; Jisj;Jf; nfhz;L nrd;W Nghhpl;l khtPuHfspy; ,tUk; xUtuhthH. tpy; tpj;ijapy; kpfTk;

epGzj;Jtk; ngw;wtuhd ,e;j egpj;NjhoH c`Jg; NghHf;fsj;jpy; jdJ tpy;ypypUe;J mk;Gfis kio vd

vjphpfspd; kPJ nghope;J vjphpfis epiyFiyar; nra;jtUk; MthH. me;jg; NghHf;fsj;jpy; rmj; gpd; mgP

tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfspd; tpy; tpj;ijiaf; Fwpj;J ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,t;thW Gfo;e;J $WgtHfshf

,Ue;jhHfs;.

x rmj;..! vdJ jhAk; je;ijAk; cq;fSf;F mHg;gzkhfl;Lk;> cq;fsJ mk;Gfis tPRq;fs;! vd;W $wf;

$batHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;.

rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ gjpNdohtJ tajpy; ,];yhj;ij jdJ tho;tpay; newpahf Vw;Wf;

nfhz;lhHfs;. jhUy; mHf;fk; vd;w gapw;rpg; ghriwapy; itj;J ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; Neubahfg; gapw;rp

ngw;wtUk;> fy;tp ngw;wtUkhthH. ,d;Dk; \pmg; mgPjhypg; fzthapy; r%f gfp\;fhuk; nra;ag;gl;L

nrhy;nyhz;zh Jd;gq;fSf;fpilapy; ,uz;L tUlq;fisg; nghWikAld; fopj;j ngUe;jifAkhthH. tho;tpd;

mNef jUzq;fisg; NghHf;fsj;jpy; fopj;j ,tH> mq;F jdJ gpukpf;fj;jf;f tPuj;ij ep&gpj;Jf; fhl;bdhH.

mtuJ xt;nthU epkplKk; ,d;iwf;fpUf;fpd;w K];ypk; ck;kj; Vw;Wg; gpd;gw;wj; jf;fjhfTk;> ,d;Dk;

NghHf;fsj;jpy; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUg;gtHfSf;Fg; gbg;gpidahfTk; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

,d;iwa <uhf;fpd; md;iwa gpugykhd efuhfj; jpfo;e;j [];H vd;w ,lj;jpy; itj;J K];ypk; gilazpapdH

vjphpfisr; re;jpj;jdH. NghHf;Fzj;Jld; khHjl;bf; nfhz;L ntw;wp vq;fs; gf;fNk vd;W MHg;ghpj;J te;jdH

vjphpfs;. NghH Jtq;fpa Kjy; ehspNyNa ehd;fhapuk; K];ypk; giltPuHfs; ,iwtopapy; jq;fsJ capHfisj;

jj;jk; nra;jpUe;jdH. mg;nghOJ> K];ypk; ck;kj;jpd; ,uz;lhtJ fyPghthf Ml;rpj;jiytuhf ,Ue;j ckH

(uyp) mtHfSf;F ,e;jr; nra;jp kpfTk; ftiyia mspj;jJ kl;Lky;yhky;> ,dp jhd; nry;tjd; %yk; kl;LNk

vjphpfisr; rkhspf;f KbAk; vd;w KbitAk; mtHfs; mg;nghOJ vLj;J> jhNd gilf;Fj; jiyikNaw;gjw;fhf

kjPdhit tpl;L <uhf;fpw;F Gwg;glTk; jahuhdhHfs;. ,d;Dk; myp (uyp) mtHfis kjPdhtpw;Fj; jw;fhypfj;

jiytuhf epakpj;J tpl;L> rpWgilapdUld; <uhf; Nehf;fpg; Gwg;gl;Lk; tpl;lhHfs;. ckH (uyp) mtHfs; <uhf;

Nehf;fp gazkhfpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;w nra;jpiaf; Nfs;tpg;gl;l mg;JH u`;khd; ,g;D mt;/g; (uyp)

mtHfs; kpfTk; ftiyaile;jtHfshf> mtiuj; jLj;J epWj;Jk; Nehf;fj;Jld; ckH (uyp) mtHfis

,ilkwpg;gjw;fhfg; Gwg;gl;lhHfs;. kjPdhtpd; GwefHg; gFjpapNyNa ckH (uyp) mtHfisg; gpbj;J tpl;l mg;JH

u`;khd; ,g;D mt;/g; (uyp) mtHfs;> fyPgh mtHfNs! ,g;nghOJ K];ypk; ck;kj; vg;nghOJk; ,y;yhj msT

gpur;idfspy; cod;W nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. epiyikfSk; kpfTk; Nkhrkhfg; Ngha;f; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. ePq;fs;

Page 35: History of islamic army generals in tamil

kjPdhtpy; ,Ue;J epiyikfisr; rkhspg;gjw;F mtrpakhd ,e;j epiyapy; ePq;fs; <uhf; Nehf;fpr; nry;tJ

rhpahd Kbty;y. ,d;Dk; <uhf;fpd; epiyikiar; rkhspg;gjw;F kpfTk; mDgtkpf;f> jPukpf;f vj;jidNah

jsgjpfs; kjPdhtpy; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs;. cq;fSf;Fg; gjpyhf mtHfis ehk; mDg;GNthk; thUq;fs;

vd;W kjPdhtpw;Nf jpUg;gp mioj;Jf; nfhz;L te;J tpLfpd;whHfs;.

mg;JH u`;khd; gpd; mt;/g; (uyp) mtHfspd; ,e;j MNyhridia Vw;Wf; nfhz;l ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> myp

(uyp) kw;Wk; mg;JH u`;khd; gpd; mt;/g; (uyp) MfpNahHfs; fye;J nfhz;l me;j MNyhridf; $l;lj;jpy;> ehd;

Nghtij ePq;fs; tpUk;gtpy;iy vdpy;> kpfTk; Nkhrkhd epiyapy; <uhf;fpy; cs;s K];ypk;fspd; gilf;Fj;

jiyikNaw;ff; $ba msTf;Fj; jpwiktha;e;j gilj;jsgjp xUtiuj; NjHT nra;Aq;fs; vd;W

cj;jutpLfpd;whHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; ,e;j Ntz;LNfhis Vw;Wf; nfhz;l mg;JH u`;khd; gpd; mt;/g; (uyp) mtHfs;> ekJ

gilf;F kpfTk; jFjp tha;e;j jsgjp xUtiu ehd; NjHT nra;J tpl;Nld;. mtH jhd; Nkhrkhd ,e;j

#o;epiyia rkhspf;ff; $ba jFjp tha;e;j eguhfTk; ,Ug;ghH vd;W $wpaTld;> mtuJ ngaiuf; $Wq;fs;>

ahH mtH? vd;W ckH (uyp) mtHfs; tpdt> mtH jhd; rpq;fk; Nghd;w ,jak; nfhz;l> vj;jifa

#o;epiyiaAk; rkhspf;ff; $ba msTf;F jpwikAk; nfhz;l ekJ khtPuH rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) vd;W

$wp Kbj;jTld;> mitapy; ,Ue;j midtUk; mg;JH u`;khd; gpd; mt;/g; (uyp) mtHfsJ NjHT kpfr; rhpahd

NjHT vd;W> mtiuj; jsgjpahf mDg;g rk;kjk; njhptpj;jdH. ,d;Dk; mtiuj; jsgjpahf mDg;Gtjpy;

midtUk; ngUkfpo;r;rp mile;jdH.

rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; jhahuhd MkPdh mtHfspd; xd;W tpl;l

rNfhjuUk; MthH. xUKiw ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ NjhoHfSld; mkHe;jpUf;fpd;whHfs;> mg;nghOJ

rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; mq;Nf Eioe;j nghOJ> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; rmj; gpd; mgP

tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfisf; Fwpj;J> ,tH jhd; vdJ jha; khkh> cq;fspy; vtuhtJ ,tiu tplr; rpwe;j

jha;khkh xUtiu vdf;F ePq;fs; fhl;Lq;fs; ghHf;fyhk; vd;W ngUikglf; $wpdhHfs;.

,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;l me;j Muk;g ehl;fspy; ,];yhkpa gapw;rpia jhUy; mHfkpy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;

tha;g;Gg; ngw;w Muk;g fhy K];ypk;fspy; xUtuhfj; jpfo;e;jhH. mt;thW ,tUld; me;jg; gapw;rpiag; ngw;Wf;

nfhz;ltHfspy; ngUik kpF NjhoHfshd mGgf;fH (uyp)> cj;khd; gpd; m/g;ghd; (uyp)> mg;JH u`;khd; gpd;

mt;/g; (uyp)> jy;`h gpd; mg;Jy;yh (uyp)> RigH gpd; mt;thk; (uyp) MfpNahHfSk; mlq;FtH. kf;fj;Jf;

Fiw\pfspd; nfhLikfs; jhq;ftpayhj msTf;F ,Ue;j nghOJ> jq;fsJ njhOiffis - ,iwtzf;fj;ij

epiwNtw;w ,tHfs; kf;fhtpd; xJf;Fg; Gwkhd gFjpfSf;Fr; nrd;W tplf; $batHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;.

xUKiw ,tHfs; xJf;Fg; Gwkhd ,lj;jpy; mkHe;J> ,iwtzf;fj;jpy; jq;fsJ ftdj;ijr; nrYj;jpf;

nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ> kf;fj;J uTbf; Fk;gnyhd;W ,tHfsJ ,Ug;gplj;ij milahsk; fz;L nfhz;L> mq;Nf

rpwpanjhU fytuj;ij cz;L gz;zpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ mq;Nf fPNo fple;j xl;lfj;jpd; vYk;ig

vLj;J mtHfis Nehf;fp gLNtfkhf tPrpnawpe;jhHfs; rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs;. ,tHfSf;Fj;

njhe;jpuT nfhLj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j xU rpWtdpd; jiyapy; me;j vYk;G gl;L> gLfhaj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ

kl;Lky;yhJ> ,uj;jk; tope;Njhl Muk;gpj;jJ. xU rpWtd; mbgl;lJk; kw;w midtUk; me;j ,lj;ij tpl;L

ntUz;Nlhb tpl;lhHfs;. ,J jhd; rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; kpfTk; rhJHakhf jPukhf

,];yhj;jpd; vjphpfis vjpHj;J njhLj;j Kjy; jhf;FjyhFk;.

,d;Dk; rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; kpfr; rpwe;j gy Fz eyd;fisf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. vdpDk;

,q;Nf mtw;wpy; rpy Fzq;fs; kw;wtHfsplkpUe;J ,tiu jdpj;Jtkhf;fpf; fhl;baJ. ,tuJ kpfr; rpwe;j

epGzj;Jtj;ij c`Jg; Nghhpy; itj;J ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; fz;L nfhz;lhHfs;> mJkl;Lky;y

mjid rhpahd tifapy; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;SkhW MHtg;gLj;jpaNjhL kl;Lky;yhky;> rmNj..! ckf;F vd;

jhAk; je;ijAk; mHg;gzkhfl;Lk; vd;Wk; $wp> rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfis ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

MrpHtjpj;jhHfs;.

,d;Dk; ,tuJ gpuhHj;jidia ,iwtd; Vw;Wf; nfhz;L> mjw;Fg; gjpYk; mspj;jhd;. ,d;Dk; rmj; gpd; mgP

tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfspd; gpuhHj;jidf;F ,iwth! eP gjpy; mspg;ghahf! vd;Wk; ,iwj;J}jH(]y;) mtHfs;

gpuhHj;jpj;jhHfs;. mjd; fhuzkhf ,tuJ gpuhHj;idfs; ,iwtdhy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;glf; $bajhf ,Ue;jJ.

Page 36: History of islamic army generals in tamil

,d;Dk; ,iwj;NjhoHfs; ahtUk; rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfis kpfTk; fz;zpaj;Jld; kjpg;gpl;L>

khpahij mspj;J te;jhHfs; vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

,d;Dk; KO muGyfKk; rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh];(uyp) mtHfspd; NghHj;jpwidg; gw;wp mwpe;jpUe;jJ. ve;j

vjphpiaAk; ,tH jd;id kpifj;J tpl mDkjpj;jjpy;iy. gpwH fz;Zf;F vspjpy; Gyg;glhj ,uz;L

MAjq;fis mtH itj;jpUe;jhH> mit ,uz;ilAk; vjphpfspd; fz;fs; ghHj;jJkpy;iy> xd;W mtuJ mk;G>

kw;wJ ,iwtid Nehf;fp Ve;jf; $ba mtuJ fuq;fs;> gpuhHj;jidfs;.

c`Jg; Nghhpy; K];ypk;fspd; ,jaq;fis Ml;bg; gilj;J fyq;fbj;j vjphpfis NeUf;F Neuhf vjpHj;Jg;

NghH Ghpe;jtH. c`Jg; NghH ele;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ> rmNj ckJ mk;ig ,d;dhH kPJ vwpAq;fs; vd;W

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; fl;lisapl;lhHfs;. mg;nghOJ jhd; mk;G jPHe;J tpl;lij rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh];

(uyp) czHfpd;whHfs;. ,Ug;gpDk;> fl;lis ,l;lJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfshapw;Nw! ,iwj;J}jutHfspd;

fl;lisf;F mbgzptJ vd;gJ ,];yhj;jpd; mbg;gil mk;rkhapw;Nw! clNd mq;Fkpq;Fk; NjLfpd;whHfs;> xU

mk;Gk; fpilf;ftpy;iy> gpd; ,Wjpapy; xU cile;j mk;G xd;W jhd; fpilj;jJ. mjidj; jdJ tpy;ypy; G+l;b

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; Fwpg;gpl;l me;j egiu Nehf;fp> mk;nga;Jfpd;whHfs;. me;j mk;;ghdJ me;j vjphpapd;

Kd; new;wpapy; gl;L> me;;j ,lj;jpNyNa me;j egH jiuapy; rha;e;J> jdJ capiu tpLfpd;whH. mJNghy mLj;j

xU tpy;iyf; fz;nlLf;fpd;whHfs;. me;j tpy;iy vjphpapd; fOj;Jf;Ff; Fwp itf;fpd;whHfs;. me;j tpy;Yk;

rhpahd ,yf;ifj; jhf;f> njhz;ilapy; Fj;jpa mk;G mtdJ ehf;if ntspf; nfhz;L te;J tpl;lJ> me;j

vjphpAk; tPo;e;J jdJ capiu kha;j;Jf; nfhz;lhd;.

xU egpj;NjhoH mwptpf;fpd;whH..! ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; rmj; gpd; mgPtf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfSf;fhf ,t;thW

gpuhHj;jpj;jhHfs;> ah my;yh`;! mtuJ Fwpia kpfr; rhpahf Mf;fp itg;ghahf! mtuJ gpuhHj;jidfisAk; Vw;Wf;

nfhs;thahf!

rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfspd; gpuhHj;jidfs; ahTk; ed;F jPl;lg;gl;l $Hikahd thisg; Nghd;wJ>

,iwtd; mtuJ gpuhHj;jidfis clNd Vw;Wf; nfhs;sTk; nra;jhd;.

rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfsJ kfd; jdJ je;ijfapd; gpuhHj;jidfis ,iwtd; vt;thW cld;

mq;fPfhpj;jhd; vd;gjw;F jdJ epidtiyfspy; ,Ue;J xU rk;gtj;ij ekf;F vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;whH. xUKiw

xU kdpjd; myp (uyp) mtHfs; gw;wpAk; ,d;Dk; RigH (uyp)> jy;`h (uyp) mtHfs; gw;wpAk; nfl;l

thHj;ijfisf; nfhz;L mHr;rpj;Jf; nfhz;bUg;gij rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; Nfl;L tpl;L> ,e;j

khjphp nfl;l thHj;ijfisf; nfhz;L NgRtij epWj;Jq;fs; vd;W Nfhgj;Jld; $wpdhHfs;. Mdhy; me;j

kdpjH rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfspd; Nfhgj;ijf; fz;L nfhs;shky; njhlHe;J nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhH.

kpfTk; Nfhgj;jpd; cr;rpf;Nf nrd;W tpl;l rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs;> ,dpNkYk; ePq;fs;

epWj;jtpy;iy vd;why;> cq;fs; kPJ rhgk; ,wq;fl;Lkhf vd;W ehd; gpuhHj;jid nra;J tpLNtd; vd;W

$wpdhHfs;.

clNd me;j kdpjH> ePq;fs; vd;d midj;J ty;yikAk; gilj;jtuh? my;yJ ,iwj;J}juh? ePq;fs; Nfl;l

JMTf;F ,iwtd; clNd gjpy; mspg;gjw;F! vd;W Nfl;L tpl;lhH. me;j kdpjuJ NfL nfl;l ,e;j

thHj;ijfisf; Nfl;l rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; me;j ,lj;ij tpl;L mfd;whHfs;. gpd; jd;idj;

J}a;ikg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L (xSr; nra;J nfhz;L) ,uz;L uf;mj; Jf;fisj; njhOjhHfs;. gpd; ,iwtdplk;

,t;thW Kiwapl;lhHfs; :

ah my;yh`;! eP ahiug; nghUe;jpf; nfhz;lhNah> ,d;Dk; mtHfsJ ew;nray;fs; Fwpj;J jpUg;jp nfhz;lhNah

mj;jifa ey;y Mj;khf;fisg; gw;wp ,e;j kdpjH Fiw $wpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whH. epr;rakhf ,j;jifa nfl;l

thHj;ijfSf;F mtHfs; chpj;jtHfsy;y vd;gij eP mwptha;> ,e;j kdpjUila thHj;ijfis eP epr;rakhf

Vw;Wf; nfhs;s khl;lha;. mtH ntspg;gLj;jpa ,e;j thHj;ijfSf;fhf gpw kdpjHfSf;F ,tiu xU

gbg;gpidahf Mf;fp itg;ghahf! vd;W gpuhHj;jpj;jhHfs;.

rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; gpuhHj;jid nra;J tpl;L jpUk;gpa rw;W Neuj;jpw;Fs;shf> vq;fpUe;Njh

fl;lg;gl;l fapiw mWj;Jf; nfhz;L> kjk; gpbj;jJ Nghy xU xl;lfk; kdpjHfs; $b epd;W nfhz;bUe;j me;j

,lj;ij Nehf;fp te;jJ. me;j xl;lfk; me;j $l;lj;jpd; eLNt miy Nkhjpj; jphptijf; fz;l ehq;fs;> me;j

xl;lfk; VNjh xU Fwpg;gpl;l kdpjiuj; NjLtJ Nghy ,Ue;jJ. mg;nghOJ> ve;j kdpjiuf; Fwpj;J rmj; gpd;

Page 37: History of islamic army generals in tamil

mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; ,iwtdplk; Kiwapl;lhHfNsh me;j kdpjhpd; jiyia ,uj;j ntwp nfhz;l me;j

xl;lfk; nfhj;jhfg; gpbj;J> mq;Fkpq;F gyk; nfhz;l kl;Lk; Ml;baJ. xl;lfj;jpd; gpbapy; mfg;gl;l mtdJ

fOj;J Kwpe;J> mtd; kuzj;ijj; jOtpdhd;. $bapUe;j kf;fs; midtUk; fz; %b tpopg;gjw;Fs; ele;J

tpl;l me;jf; Nfhuf; fhl;rpiag; ghHj;J gpukpj;J epd;whHfs;.

,iwtdhy; nghUe;jpf; nfhs;sg;gl;l> me;j ey;ybahHfisg; gw;wp rw;W Kd; tha;j; JLf;fhfg; Ngrpa me;j

kdpjH ,g;nghOJ nrj;J kbe;j epiyapy; jiuapy; tPo;e;J fple;jhH. ,t;thW Ngrj; Jbf;Fk; kdpjHfSf;F xU

ghlkhfTk; me;j epfo;T ,Ue;jJ.

epr;rakhf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; jpUg;jpiaAk;> ,iwtdJ jpUg;nghUj;jj;ijAk; jq;fsJ

mHg;gzq;fshy; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l me;j ey;ybahHfisg; gw;wp ,g;nghOJk; rhp..> vg;nghOJk; rhp..> Fiw $wpg;

Ngrpj; jphpgtHfSf;F ,e;jr; rk;gtk; rpwe;jnjhU gbg;gpidahfj; jpfOk;. epr;rakhf ,iwj;NjhoHfis Nerpg;gJ

,iwj; J}jiu Nerpg;gjw;F Ke;ijaJ> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kPJ md;G nfhs;tJ vd;gJ ,iwtd; kPJ

md;G nfhs;tjw;F Ke;ijaJ. ,jpy; vtnuhUtH ,t;thW md;G nfhs;tjpy; kWjypf;fpd;whNuh mtH ,];yhkpa

khHfj;ijNa Gwf;fzpj;jtuhthH. vtnuhUtH ,iwj;NjhoHfisAk;> ,iwj;J}jHfisAk;> ,iwtidAk; md;G

nfhz;L> mtHfs; fhl;ba tho;it Nkw;nfhs;fpd;whNuh> mj;jifatHfs; ,k;ikapYk;> kWikapYk; msg;ghpa

mUl;nfhilfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;thHfs;. ,y;iy vd;why;> mtHfs; ght kd;dpg;Gf; Nfhuhj tiuapYk;>

mtHfsJ kWik tho;T e\;lkile;jjhfNt ,Uf;Fk;.

,iwtd; ek; midtiuAk; ,e;j cj;jk Mj;khf;fis mjpfkjpfk; Nerpf;ff; $ba kf;fshf Mf;fp mUs;thdhf!

,d;Dk; ek; midtiuAk; me;j cj;jk Mj;khf;fNshL kWikapy; xd;wpizj;J itg;ghdhf! MkPd;.

rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; ,iwtpRthrkpf;f> kpfTk; ghpRj;jkhd tho;it Nkw;nfhz;lhHfs;. mtH

jdJ tUkhdj;ij ,iwtd; mDkjpj;j tifapNyNa rk;ghjpj;Jg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhH. mjpy; Jsp msT $l

,iwtdJ Nfhgj;jpw;Fl;gl;l rk;ghj;jpaj;ij mtH ngw;Wf; nfhz;ljpy;iy. ,iwtd; mDkjpf;fhj tifapy;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; tUkhdk;> ,ul;bg;ghff; fpilj;jhYk; rhpNa mjid mtH ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Kaw;rpj;jJkpy;iy.

,d;Dk; kpfTk; trjptha;e;j nry;te;juhfTk; ,Ue;jhH. mtH ,wg;nga;jpa nghOJ> kpf mjpf ngUkhdKs;s

nrhj;Jf;fis tpl;Lr; nrd;whH.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSila ,Wjp `[;[pd; nghOJ> mtHfSld; `[;[{f;Fr; nrd;w Neuj;jpy; rmj; gpd;

mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; Neha;tha;g;gl;lhHfs;. mg;nghOJ> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs! vd;dplk; mjpfkhd

nrhj;Jf;fs; cs;sd. mjw;F vdJ xNu xU kfs; kl;LNk thhpRjhhpahf cs;shH. vdNt vdJ nrhj;jpy;

%d;wpy; ,uz;L ghfq;fis ,iwtDf;fhf ehd; jhdk; nra;a tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd; vd;W $wpdhHfs;. mg;nghOJ>

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; : rmNj! ,J kpfTk; mjpfk;> vd;W $wpa nghOJ> mg;gbahdhy;

ghjpf;Fg; ghjp nfhLj;J tpLfpd;Nwd;. C`{k;! ,y;iy. ,JTk; mjpfk; vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

$wpdhHfs;. gpd; ehd; %d;wpy; xU gFjpiaj; jUfpd;Nwd; vd;W rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; $wpa

nghOJ> mg;gbNa nra;Ak;..! vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;.

,Ug;gpDk; %d;wpy; xU gFjp vd;gJk; mjpfNk! ,Ug;gpDk; mt;thNw ePq;fs; nfhLq;fs; vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs; ,Wjpahff; $wpdhHfs;. NkYk;> jdJ ngw;NwhH ,we;jTld; nghUSf;fhf xt;nthUtiuAk; mZfp

,ue;J ngw;Wf; nfhs;tijf; fhl;bYk;> xUtH jdJ thhpRfis gpwhplk; ifNae;jhj msTf;F> NghJkhd msT

nghUs; trjpAld; mtHfis tpl;Lr; nry;tJ rpwe;jJ vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kWnkhop gfHe;jhHfs;.

,d;Dk; ,iwtdJ jpUg;nghUj;jj;jpw;fhf toq;fg;gLk; nfhilfSf;Fg; gfukhf ,iwtd; kpfr; rpwe;j

mUl;nfhilfis mtHfSf;F toq;ff; fhj;jpUf;fpd;whd;.

,g;nghOJ rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfsJ Neha; NkYk; NkYk; Kw;wpf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,d;Dk; rmj;

gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfsJ tpUg;gk; vd;dntdpy;> jdJ kuzk; jdJ tpUg;gj;jpw;Fhpa efukhfpa

kjPdhtpy; itj;J epfo Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhf ,Ue;jJ. mjw;fhf mtuJ ,jak; Jbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.

mikjpaw;W ,Ue;jJ. rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfsJ mikjpaw;w me;j epiyiaf; fz;l ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfs;> rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfspd; khHgpd; kPJ ifia itj;J> ,iwtdplk; mtuJ Neha;

ePq;Ftjw;fhf gpuhHj;jid nra;jhHfs;. vd;d Mr;rhpak;! fz; fl;b tpj;ij Nghy Kd;idf; fhl;bYk; mtH

kpfTk; MNuhf;fpakhd kdpjuhf khwp tpl;bUe;jhH. my;yh`; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ gpuhHj;jidia Vw;Wf;

Page 38: History of islamic army generals in tamil

nfhz;L> rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfsJ Nehiaf; Fzg;gLj;jpdhd;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; me;j gpuhHj;jid rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; gOj;j gokhf khWk;

tiuf;Fk; ePbj;jpUe;jJ. mtuJ ePz;l tho;T ,];yhj;jpw;Fg; gy ntw;wpfisf; Ftpj;Jj; je;jJ. mtuJ

NghHj;jpwikapd; fhuzj;jpdhy;> muGf;fs; gy ,iwepuhfhpg;ghsHfis ntw;wp nfhz;lhHfs;.

mtH Neha;tha;g;gl;bUe;j nghOJ> mtUf;fhf ,iwtdplk; JMr; nra;J tpl;L ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

$wpdhHfs;> rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; xU ,dj;Jf;F Mjhaj;ijj; Njbf; nfhLj;J tpl;L>

,d;DnkhU ,dj;Jf;F ,og;ig Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;fhj tiuf;Fk; mtiu kuzk; jOthJ vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ ,e;j Kd;dwptpg;ghdJ kpfr; rhpahdjhf ,Ue;jJ. rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp)

mtHfs; gil elj;jpr; nrd;w nghOnjy;yhk;> muGf;fs; ntw;wpiaf; Ftpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;> ,d;Dk;

,iwepuhfhpg;ghsHfs; Njhy;tpiaj; jOtp Xbf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. NehapypUe;J Fzkhd rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh];

(uyp) mtHfs;> mjw;Fg; gpd; gy Kiw jpUkzk; Kbj;jhHfs;. mjd; fhuzkhf mtUf;F Kg;gj;jp ehd;F

kfd;fSk;> xU kfSk; gpwe;jhHfs;.

vg;nghOnjy;yhk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ciu epfo;j;JthHfNsh> mg;nghOnjy;yhk; ,iwtd; kPJs;s

mr;rk; fhuzkhf rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; fjwp mof; $batHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;. mtuJ fz;fs;

fz;zPiur; Rue;j tz;zkhfNt ,Uf;Fk;.

xU ehs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ NjhoHfSld; mkHe;jpUe;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ> ,g;nghOJ ek;Kld;

nrhHf;fj;J kdpjnuhUtH te;J ,ize;J nfhs;sg; Nghfpd;whH vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;.

mg;nghOJ mq;fpUe;j NjhoHfs; midtUk; ahH me;j mjpH\;lf;fhuj; NjhoH vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

Kd;dwptpg;Gr; nra;j me;jj; Njhoiu vjpHghHj;Jf; fhj;jpUe;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ> rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp)

mtHfs; mitapy; Eioe;jTld;> ,tH jhd; me;j kdpjH vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;.

,tH jhd; me;j kdpjH> ,tuJ gpuhHj;jidfs; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;glj;jf;fjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ> mtuJ ehT

Rj;jkhdJ> mtuJ ,jaKk; Rj;jkhdJ> ,d;Dk; mtH kpfr; rpwe;j gilj;jsgjp vd;W rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh];

(uyp) gw;wp ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; Gfohuk; #l;bdhHfs;. ,j;jifa rpwg;GfSf;Fhpa rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh];

(uyp) mtHfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSld; gj;H> c`j; Nghd;w NghHfspy; fye;J nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;>

mJkl;Lky;y ,d;Dk; vz;zw;w NghHfspy; fye;J nfhz;L> ,];yhj;jpy; jdf;fpUe;j jPHf;fkhd cWjpia

ntspg;gLj;jpf; fhl;bdhHfs;. rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfsJ ,j;jifa tPukpf;f tuyhw;Wg; gf;fq;fs;>

,d;wsTk; ,];yhkpa tuyhw;iw epiwj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. ekf;nfy;yhk; kpfr; rpwe;j gbg;gpidahfTk;

,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.

jhapd; ghr tiy

rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfspd; ,iwek;gpf;if kw;Wk; cWjp kw;Wk; mjpy; cz;ikahfTk; ,Ue;jjpd;

fhuzkhf ckH (uyp) mtHfs; rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; kPJ ngUkjpg;G itj;jpUe;jhHfs;. rmj;

gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; ,];yhj;jpid jd; tho;tpay; newpahf Vw;Wf; nfhz;l nghOJ mtH ,sik

jJk;Gk; thypgg; gUtk; nfhz;l ,isQH. ,tH ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljd; fhuzkhf ,tuJ jhahH

kpfTk; ftiyaile;jhH. ek;Kila Kd;NdhHfspd; khHf;fj;ij tpl;L tpl;L jd; kfd; nrd;W tpl;lhNd vd;W

mq;fyha;f;f Muk;gpj;jhH> mOJ Gyk;gpdhH> jd;Dila kfid vg;ghLgl;lhtJ jd;Dila gioa

khHf;fj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;L te;J tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W JbJbaha;j; Jbj;jhH. mjw;fhf tof;fkhf jha;khHfs;

filgpbf;Fk; midj;J tpj Kaw;rpfisAk; nra;J ghHj;jhH. Mdhy; vjpYk; rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp)

mtHfs; ,zq;fpg; Nghftpy;iy. ,];yhj;jpy; cWjpahf epiyj;jpUe;jhHfs;. ,Wjpahf> rmNj..! eP kPz;Lk; ekJ

Kd;NdhHfspd; gioa khHf;fj;jpw;F tutpy;iy vd;W nrhd;dhy;> ehd; rhFk; tiu cz;z khl;Nld;> gUf

khl;Nld;..! vd;Dila capiu kha;j;Jf; nfhs;Ntd; vd;W rgjkpl;lhH. ,Wjpahf..! vd;Dila kfid xU

K];ypkhfg; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;L capH tho;tijf; fhl;bYk; nrj;J kbtNj Nky; vd;whH.

jhapDila ,e;j je;jpuq;fSf;nfy;yhk;> rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; krpe;J ,lq;nfhLj;J> tpl;Lf;

nfhLj;Jg; Nghftpy;iy> czHr;rpfSf;F mbikahftpy;iy. mtuJ cs;sj;jpy; Mokhfg; gjpe;jpUe;j me;j

,];yhkpa NtH> ,iwek;gpf;if vd;Dk; kukhf tsHe;jpUe;jjd; fhuzkhf> vj;jifa Gay; fhw;Wk; $l..>

mtuJ ghjj;jpd; cWjpiag; ngaHj;J> me;j kuj;ij mirf;ff; $l Nahrpf;Fk; epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gl;lJ.

Page 39: History of islamic army generals in tamil

,g;nghOJ rhFk; tiu cz;z> gUf khl;Nld; vd;w rgjnkLj;j rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfsJ

jhahH grpf; nfhLikapd; fhuzkhf kuzj;jpd; tpspk;gpy; epd;W nfhz;bUe;jhH. jdJ jahiug; ghHj;J> jdJ

,iwek;gpf;ifapd; cWjpia ,t;thW ntspg;gLj;jpf; fhl;bdhH..>

vd;Dila jhahNu! cq;fSf;F xU E}W capHfs; toq;fg;gl;L xt;nthU capuhf cq;fsplk; gwpf;fg;gl;Lg;

Ngha;f; nfhz;bUe;jhYk;> ehd; vd;Dila ,iwek;gpf;ifapypUe;J> ehd; nfhz;bUf;Fk; <khdpd; Ntfj;jpy;

xd;iwNaDk; ehd; ,of;fj; jahuhf ,y;iy> ehd; vdJ ,iw khHf;fj;ij tpl;L tpl;L> cq;fsJ capiug;

ghJfhf;f ehd; Kd;tug; Nghtjpy;iy> vdNt ,e;j cq;fsJ je;jpuq;fs; vy;yhk; vd;dplk; gypf;fhJ jhahH

mtHfNs! ePq;fs; cz;ZtJk; my;yJ cz;zhky; ,Ug;gJk;> ,d;Dk; gUFtJk; gUfhky; ,Ug;gJk;

cq;fsJ tpUg;gk;. ehd; vd;Dila ,iwj;J}jH K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfis tpl;Lk; ehd; tu khl;Nld; vd;W

$wp tpl;lhH.

ek;Kila je;jpuq;fs; vJTk; gydpspf;fg; Nghtjpy;iy vd;gij czHe;J nfhz;l me;jj; jha;> jd;Dila

cz;zh tpujj;ij Kbj;Jf; nfhz;lhH. mtuJ ,e;jj; JzpTk; cWjpAk; ,d;iwf;Fk; ekf;nfhU rpwe;j

ghlkhfj; jpfo;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. ,jidg; gw;wp ,iwtd; jdJ jpUkiwapy; ,t;thW $Wfpd;whd; :

Mdhy;> eP vJ gw;wp mwpT (Mjhuk;) ngw;wtdhf ,y;iyNah mjid vdf;F ,iz itf;FkhW cd;id

mt;tpUtUk; tw;GWj;jpdhy;> mg;NghJ eP mt;tpUtUf;Fk; topg;gl Ntz;lhk;. Mdhy; ,t;Tyf tho;f;ifapy;

mt;tpUtUlDk; mofpa Kiwapy; cwT itj;Jf; nfhs; (ahtw;wpYk;) vd;idNa Nehf;fp epw;Nghhpd; topiaNa eP

gpd;gw;Wthahf - gpd;dH cq;fs; (midtUila) kPSjYk; vd;dplNkahFk;. ePq;fs; vd;d nra;J

nfhz;bUe;jPHfs; vd;gij (mg;NghJ) ehd; cq;fSf;F mwptpg;Ngd;."" (31:15)

fjP]pa;ahg; NghH

ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; jhd; ,e;j fjP]pa;ahg; NghH eilngw;wJ. ,e;jg; NghUf;F jiyikj;

jsgjpahf rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfis ckH (uyp) mtHfs; epakpj;jhHfs;. jdf;F toq;fg;gl;l

nghWg;ig epiwthf epiwNtw;w tpUk;gpa rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs;> capH jpahfj;jpy; Ntl;if kpf;f>

xU gf;fk; tPuj;ijAk;> ,d;ndhU gf;fk; ,iwek;gpf;ifapy; cWjpAk; kpf;f Kg;gjhapuk; gilapdiuj;

jahHgLj;jpdhHfs;. mtHfs; jq;fsJ ifapNy MAjj;ijAk;> ,jaj;jpy; ,iwek;gpf;if cWjpiaAk; vLj;Jf;

nfhz;ltHfshf kjPdhit tpl;L fjP]pa;ahit Nehf;fp> jq;fsJ vjphpfis re;jpf;fg; Gwg;gl;lhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ

fjP]pa;ahtpy; vjphpfSld; ,];yhkpag; gil Nkhjpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. mg;nghOJ rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp)

mtHfs; ckH (uyp) mtHfsplkpUe;J te;j jghiyg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;whHfs;. mjpy; ckH (uyp) mtHfs;

,t;thW rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfSf;F mwpTiu toq;fp ,Ue;jhHfs; : rmNj..!

ePq;fs; ,g;nghOJ Nghuhbf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; G+kpahd fjP]pa;ah xU tuyhw;Wg; Gfo; ngw;w gpuNjrkhFk;. ,e;jg;

Nghhpy; ePq;fs; ntw;wp ngw;wPHfshdhy; KO <uhdpag; gpuNjrKk; cq;fsJ ifapy; fpilf;Fk;. <uhdpd; Eiothapy;

jhd; fjP]pa;ah. ePq;fs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfshy; gapw;Wtpf;fg;gl;ltHfs;> vdNt cq;fsplk; mlf;fp MSk;

Fzk; ,Uf;ff; $lhJ. ,iwtdJ mbikfshfpa xUtuJ ,iwek;gpf;if kw;Wk; mjpy; cWjp Mfpatw;wpy;

kf;fSf;fpilNa cs;s kjpg;ig ePq;fs; nfsutpf;FKfkhf ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. jdJ mbahHfSf;F

cjtp nra;aTk;> ,d;Dk; mtHfSf;F tho;thjhuk; toq;fTk; my;yh`; xUtNd NghJkhdtdhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ve;jg; gzpia ek;kplk; tpl;Lr; nrd;whHfNsh> me;jg; gzpapd; kPNj ekJ ftdk;

,Uf;fl;Lk;> vd;W me;j jghypy; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhHfs;.

,d;Dk; me;j klypd; ,Wjpapy;> cq;fsJ NghH eltbf;ifapd; midj;J Kd;Ndw;wq;fs; gw;wpAk; vdf;F

clDf;Fld; jfty; njhptpj;Jf; nfhz;Nl ,Uq;fs; vd;Wk; fl;lisapl;bUe;jhHfs;. mjhtJ> NghHf;fsj;jpy;

vt;thW ,wq;fpdhHfs;? mtHfsJ jq;Fkplk; vq;F mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ? vjphpfSf;Fk; ,tHfSf;Fk; vd;d

J}uk;? RUq;fr; nrhd;dhy;> xt;nthU epkpl eltbf;ifAk; vt;thW ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ> vd;gijg; gw;wpa

glg;gpbg;igf; fhz ckH (uyp) mtHfs; tpUk;gpdhHfs;.

fyP/gh ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; fl;lisf;F fl;Lg;gl;ltHfshf> jdJ xt;nthU eltbf;ifiag; gw;wpAk;> mjd;

tphpthd jfty;fisAk; jiyefUf;F clDf;Fld; mDg;gpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; xt;nthU jdpg;gl;l

tPuHfSf;Fk; ,d;Dk; xt;nthU FOTf;F jhd; vd;dndd;d gzpfis nfhLj;jpUf;fpd;Nwd; vd;gjidf; $l

rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; Fwpg;gpl;L> jfty;fis mDg;gpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;.

Page 40: History of islamic army generals in tamil

<uhdpag; gilfSk; Fiwj;J kjpg;gpLk;gb ,y;iy> mtHfSk; jq;fsJ KOg;gyj;ijAk; jpul;bf; nfhz;L

te;jpUe;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; ,JkhjphpahdnjhU gilia mtHfs; ,jw;F Kd; fz;lJkpy;iy. ,U gilfSk; KO

typikAld; jq;fs; jq;fs; tPug; ngUikfis mir Nghl;Lf; nfhz;L> gilf;fsj;jpy; Nkhjpf; nfhz;ld.

<uhdpd; kpfg; Gfo; tha;e;j gilj;jsgjp n[duy; U\;Jk; vd;gtuJ jiyikapy; <uhdpag; gilfs;

NghHf;fsj;jpw;F te;jpUe;jd.

,g;nghOJ NghH epiyikfisg; gw;wp ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;F rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; jfty;

mDg;Gk; nghOJ> <uhdpg; gilfSf;F jsgjpahf U\;Jk; vd;gtH te;Js;shH> ,d;Dk; mtHfsJ gil KO

MAjj; jahhpg;GfSlDk; ,d;Dk; mtHfSld; kpfg; nghpa ahidg; gilAk; te;Js;sJ vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhH.

,d;Dk; mtHfSld; kpfg; nghpa gilazpAk; te;Js;sJ. RUq;fr; nrhd;dhy;> ,e;jg; NghH kpfTk; fLikahf

,Uf;Fnkd;Nw njhpfpd;wJ vd;W Fwpg;gpl;L vOjp ,Ue;jhH. ,e;j epiyapy;> ehk; vt;thW ekJ gilia

Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;tJ vd;gJ Fwpj;Jk;> ,d;Dk; mJ gw;wpa cq;fsJ fUj;ij mwpa ehd; MtYld;

,Uf;fpd;Nwd; vd;Wk; vOjpdhHfs;.

<uhdpag; gilfs; NghHf;fsj;jpw;Fs; EioAk; nghOJ mr;rk; nfhs;s Ntz;lhk; vd;W vOjpa ckH (uyp)

mtHfs; NkYk; jdJ gjpypy;> mfpy cyfj;jpd; midj;J rf;jpfSk; ek;ikg; gilj;jtdhfpa ty;y

my;yh`;Tf;F kl;LNk chpj;jhdJ vd;gij vf;fzKk; kwe;J tplhjPHfs;. midj;Jj; jUzq;fspYk;

,iwtidg; Gfo;e;J Nghw;wp> mtdplk; cq;fsJ gpuhHj;jidfisf; Nfhhpa tz;zkpUq;fs;> mtdJ cjtpia

Nfl;Lg; ngw;w tz;zk; ,Uq;fs;. ,uz;lhtjhf> kpfTk; jpwik kpf;f> Gj;jpf; $HikAs;s> mDgtkpf;f

,];yhkpag; giltPuHfisj; NjHe;njLj;J> ekJ uh[je;jphpfshf <uhdpa kd;dhplk; mDg;gp itAq;fs;. mtHfs;

<uhdpa kd;dhplk; ,];yhj;ij vLj;Jr; nrhy;yl;Lk;> gpd;dH ,uz;L gilfSf;Fk; ,ilNa xg;ge;jq;fs; nra;J

nfhs;tjw;F miof;fl;Lk;. ,d;Dk;> me;j uh[je;jpu eltbf;ifapd; nghOJ> uh[je;jphpfis <uhdpa kd;dH

vt;thW vjpHnfhz;lioj;jhH vd;gijg; gw;wpj; jdf;F tphpthff; fbjk; vOJkhWk; rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp)

mtHfSf;F ckH (uyp) mtHfs; gzpg;Giu toq;fp ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; xt;nthU epkpl eltbf;ifiag; gw;wpAk;

jdf;F jfty; juhky; ,Ue;J tpl Ntz;lhk; vd;Wk; mtHfSf;F ,Wjpahf jdJ fbjj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;Lf;

$wpapUe;jhHfs;.

,Wjpahf ty;y my;yh`; jhd; ekJ cjtpahsd;> mtNd ek;ikg; ghJfhf;fg; NghJkhdtd; vd;Wk;

Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhHfs;.

NghUf;F kj;jpapYk; miog;Gg; gzp

ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; cj;juitg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs;> gilazpapy; ,Ue;j

kpfr; rpwe;j> mwpTs;s> jpwikAs;s> uh[je;jpukpf;f egHfisg; nghWf;fp vLj;J> <uhdpa kd;dhpd; mitf;F

mDg;gp itj;jhH. cyf tsq;fis jq;fsJ Nkdpapy; G+l;b moF ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j <uhdpa mitapdUf;F

kj;jpapy; ,e;j cyf tho;it kWik tho;tpw;fhf tpw;W tpl;l me;j $l;lj;jpdH> kpfTk; vspikahd

cilfSld; nrd;W <uhdpa kd;duJ mitapy; Eioe;jdH.

,];yhkpa uh[je;jphpfspd; Mlk;gukpy;yhj vspikahd me;j Njhw;wj;ij fz;l <uhdpa kd;duJ mit rw;W

eLq;fpj; jhd; NghdJ. K];ypk; uh[je;jphpfspd; jiytuhfr; nrd;wtH ,g;nghOJ <uhdpa mitapy; ,t;thW

ciuahw;wpdhH>

kd;dNu!! ek; midtiuAk; gilj;j ty;y my;yh`; jhd; vq;fisj; NjHT nra;J ,q;F mDg;gp itj;Js;shd;>

vdNt NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;l ,e;j kf;fspd; gzp vd;dntd;why;> NfL nfl;l rpiy tzf;ff; fyhr;rhuj;jpypUe;J

kf;fis kPl;nlj;J cz;ikahd NeHtopapd; ghy;> gilj;j ty;y my;yh`; xUtid kl;LNk tzq;ff; $ba

kf;fshf mtHfis top elj;JtJ xd;Nw vq;fSf;F ,lg;gl;l gzpahFk;. ,d;Dk; ty;y my;yh`; me;j

kf;fis ,UspypUe;J ntspr;rj;jpd; ghYk;> mwpahikapypUe;J Qhd ntspr;rj;jpd; gf;fKk; top fhl;LkhW

gzpj;Js;shd;. jdpnahU kdpjid mtd; kPJ Rkj;jg;gl;Ls;s mbikj; jisapypUe;J mtid tpLtpj;J>

mepahaf;fhu Ml;rpahsHfspd; mlf;FKiwapypUe;J mtid G+uz Rje;jpu Rthrf; fhw;iw Rthrpf;Fk; ,];yhkpa

G+q;fhTf;Fs; Eiotpj;J> ,iwtdJ mUs; ngw;w ed;kf;fshf khw;Wtnjhd;Nw vk; kPJ Rkj;jg;gl;l gzpahFk;.

ahH ,e;j miog;ig Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;whHfNsh mtHfs; tuNtw;fg;gLthHfs;> ,d;Dk; ahH ,jid

epuhfhpf;fpd;whHfNsh mtHfs; kPJ NghH njhLf;fg;gLk;. mtHfsJ G+kpfs; ntw;wp nfhs;sg;gl;L vkJ G+kpfshf>

Page 41: History of islamic army generals in tamil

,];yhkpa Ml;rpg; gpuNjrkhf khw;wg;gLk;. ,iwtdJ miog;ig Vw;Wf; nfhz;ltHfsJ G+kpfs; mtHfSf;Nf

chpik toq;fg;gl;L> mjd; Ml;rp mjpfhuk; midj;Jk; mtHfSilajhfNt ,Uf;Fk;. ,e;j miog;ig ahH

cjhrpdk; nra;jhHfNsh> mtHfs; kPJ NghH njhLf;fg;gLk;> ,d;Dk; mtHfsJ G+kpfs; Kw;wpYk; my;yh`;tpd;

Ml;rpg; gpuNjrkhf khWk; tiuf;Fk; me;jg; NghH ,iltplhJ njhlHe;J nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;.

,g;nghOJ <uhdpa kd;dH Mr;rhpak; fye;j njhzpapy;>

cq;fsJ miog;ig Vw;Wf; nfhz;ltHfSf;F> cq;fsJ ,iwtdpd; vd;d thf;FWjpia toq;fp ,Uf;fpd;whd; ?

kuzpj;jpw;Fg; gpd; cs;s tho;f;ifapy; Rtdk; fpilf;Fk;> mtHfs; mq;F kpfTk; fz;zpakhd tho;f;ifia

tho;thHfs;. ,d;Dk; ,e;j miog;ig Vw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iynadpy;> ntF rPf;fpuNk ,e;jg; G+kpg; gpuNjrq;fs;

vq;fSf;Fr; nrhe;jkhditahf khWk;> kd;dH kzpKbiaj; Jwf;f NehpLk;> ,d;iwa ckJ mjpfhuq;fs; kw;Wk;

Ml;rpg; gpuNjrk; ahTk; Ke;ija tuyhwhf khwpj; jhd; Ngha; tpLk; vd;W cWjpahf vr;rhpf;ifahd Fuypy; gjpy;

$wpdhHfs;.

K];ypk; uh[je;jphpfspd; xt;nthU thHj;ijAk; ftdkhfg; nghWf;fp vLf;fg;gl;l tp\k; Njha;e;j mk;Gfs; gha;tJ

Nghy <uhdpd; kd;dhpd; khHgpy; gha;e;jJ. nghWikiaAk; fl;Lg;ghl;il ,oe;j me;j <uhdpa kd;dd; mjpHe;j

Fuypy; vjpNu cs;stid mioj;jhd;. me;j kdpjd; kd;dNu cq;fsJ fl;lis vd;d vd;gijf; $Wq;fs;

vd;gJ Nghy; te;J epd;whd;.

ntspNa nrd;W rpwpJ kziy ms;sp th vd;W Mizapl;lhd; <uhdpa kd;dd;. nrd;w mtd; rpwpJ Neuj;jpy; xU

$il epiwa kz;Zld; te;J kd;ddpd; Kd; epd;whd;. vjpNu epd;W nfhz;l K];ypk; uh[je;jphpfspy; xUtuhd

M]pk; gpd; ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;F Kd; me;j kz; $ilia kd;dd; vwpe;jhd;. mjid jd;Dld; vLj;Jf;

nfhz;l M]pk; gpd; ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> mjid rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfsplk; vLj;Jr; nrd;whH.

tho;j;Jf;fs;! <uhdpa kd;dH jhNd Kd; te;J jdJ kz;iz ekf;Fj; jhiu thHj;J tpl;lhH! vd;W me;j

kz;izg; ghHj;J rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; cw;rhfk; kpFe;j Fuypy; $wpdhHfs;.

<uhdpd; kd;duJ mitapy; ele;j midj;ijAk; thp tplhky; rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfsplk; me;jf;

FO xg;gilj;j tpl;L> NghH vd;w gjpiyj; jtpu NtW vjdhYk; mtUf;F ghlk; Gfl;l ,ayhJ vd;gijAk;

njhptpj;jdH. ekf;fpilNa cs;s tptfhuj;ij NghH xd;wpd; %ykhf kl;LNk jPHj;Jf; nfhs;s ,aYk; vd;gij

mtUf;Fr; nrhy;yp tpl;Lj; jhd; te;Njhk; vd;wJ me;jf; FO.

jdJ NjhoHfs; <uhd; kd;dH Kd;ghfj; njhptpj;J tpl;L te;j jPukhd> jPHf;fkhd gjpiyf; Nfl;l> rmj; gpd;

mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfsJ fz;fs; Fskhfpd. ,e;jg; NghH ,d;Dk; rpy ehl;fspy;> mjid tplr;

rPf;fpukhfNt Muk;gpf;fg;gl;L tpLk; vd;whH rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp).

Mdhy; K];ypk;fs; NghH jhd; ,Wjp KbT vd;W cWjpahfj; jPHkhdpj;J tpl;l gpd;dH Vw;gl;l #o;epiyfspy;>

rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; fLikahd Neha;f;F Mshfp tpl;lhHfs;. ,jdhy; mtHfshy;

Kd;ndg;nghOJk; Nghy; nray;gl ,aytpy;iy. mk;ik Neha; mtHfisg; gPbj;jpUe;jJ. mjd; fhuzkhf

mtHfshy; vOe;J elf;ff; $l jpuhzpaw;wtHfshfTk;> cl;fhu ,ayhjtHfshfTk; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;w

epiyapy;> vt;thW Fjpiu kPJ Vwp NghH nra;a KbAk; vd;w epiyapy; ,Ue;jhH. ,e;j ghuJ}ukhd epiyapy;

jhd; vd;d nra;tnjd;Nw Ghpahj epiyapy; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUe;jhH rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs;.

mg;nghOJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; $wpanjhU mwpTiu xd;W rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfspd;

%iyapy; ijj;jJ. Mk;! K];ypk;fs; vg;nghOJk;> ehd; epidj;jpUe;jhy; my;yJ Kbe;jhy; vd;gd Nghd;w

thHj;ijfis cgNahfpf;ff; $lhJ vd;W $wpapUe;jhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; ,e;j mwpTiu jdJ

epidTf;F te;j khj;jpuNk> tpiue;J vOe;J epd;W jdJ NjhoHfSf;fpilNa xU rpwg;Giu xd;iw

Mw;wpdhHfs;> mg;nghOJ fPo;f;fz;l trdj;ijj; jdJ NjhoHfSf;F Xjpf; fhl;bdhHfs;.

epr;rakhf ehk; [G+H Ntjj;jpy;> (Ke;jpa Ntjj;ijg; gw;wp) epidT+l;ba gpd;; ''epr;rakhf G+kpia (]hyp`hd)

vd;Dila ey;ybahHfs; thhprhf milthHfs; vd;W vOjpapUf;fpNwhk;. tzq;Fk; kf;fSf;F ,jpy;

(,f;FHMdpy;) epr;rakhfg; NghJkhd (topfhl;Ljy;) ,Uf;fpwJ. (21:105-106)

,e;j ciuia Kbj;Jf; nfhz;l gpd;G> jdJ gil tPuHfSf;F kjpa Neuj;J Y`H njhOifia Kd;dpd;W

Page 42: History of islamic army generals in tamil

elj;jpdhHfs;. njhOif Kbe;jTld; gil tPuHfs; jj;jkJ NghHf;ftrq;fs;> MAjq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw

jahHepiyg;gLj;jp> jq;fisAk; NghUf;F Maj;jg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhHfs;. mq;Nf kpfr; rpwe;j ftpQHfs;>

ghlfHfs; Nghd;wtHfs; NghH tPuHfis cw;rhfg;gLj;Jk; Xhpiwr; rpe;jid kw;Wk; kWikr; rpe;jidiaf;

nfhz;l ftpijfisg; ghl Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

mg;nghOJ mq;Nf ghlg;gl;l kpfr;rpwe;j ftpijfspy; rpwg;Gf;Fhpajhf `j;jPy; m]jP (uyp) vd;gtH ghba ghly;

kpfr; rpwg;G tha;e;jjhf ,Ue;jJ.

X! kpfg; ngUk; jsgjp rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; - d; NjhoHfNs!

cq;fsJ thl;fis Nfhl;il muz;fshf Mf;fpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;!

vjphpfis vjpHf;Fk; nghOJ rpq;fkhf epiyFiyahJ epy;Yq;fs;!!

cq;fsJ thl;fs; gadw;Wg; Nghdhy; tpw;fisg; gad;gLj;Jq;fs;

epidtpy; itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;!

mk;Gfs; jdJ ,yf;if Nehf;fpr; rhpahfr; nry;Yk; vd;why;

thl;fshy; ve;jg; gaDkpy;iy.

,g;nghOJ K];ypk; giltPuHfspilNa kuz rpe;jid NkNyhq;fpaJ> vq;Fk; cw;rhfk; fiuGuz;NlhbaJ.

xt;nthU NghH tPuUk; jhd; \`Pj; vd;Dk; caH gjtpia mile;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;w Ntl;ifAld;

NghUf;Fj; jahuhf epd;whHfs;. mtHfsJ me;j czHTfis NkYk; $Hikahf;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;> kpfg;

ngUk; fhhpfs;. Mk;! mtHfs; jpUf;FHMdpypUe;J #uh md;/ghy; kw;Wk; #uh mj;jt;gh Mfpa

mj;jpahaq;fspypUe;J ,iwtopg; Nghiu Cf;fg;gLj;jf; $ba trdq;fis NghH tPuHfSf;F Kd; Xjpf; fhl;b>

,d;Dk; mtHfsJ czHTfis cw;rhfg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp)

mtHfs; jkJ NjhoHfsJ cw;rhfj;ij capHg;gpf;f Ntz;Lnkd;why;> my;yh`{ mf;gH - my;yh`; kpfg;

nghpatd; vd;w Nfh\j;ij kl;LNk vOg;g Ntz;bapUe;jJ. me;jf; Nfh\k; Nfl;lTld; vjphpfspd; kPJ

gha;tjw;F tPuHfs; jahuhfNt ,Ue;jhHfs;.

md;iwa fhy tof;fg;gb> KOikahfg; NghH Jtq;Ftjw;F Kd; - mjhtJ KO giltPuHfSk; Nghhpy;

<LgLtjw;F Kd;> ,U GwKk; NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;l xU tPuiu mioj;J NghH nra;a itg;gnjd;gJ tof;fkhf

,Ue;jJ. me;j mbg;gilapy; NghH Muk;gkhfpaJ.

,g;nghOJ <uhdpd; Gwj;jpypUe;J gl;Lj; Jzpahy; jd;id myq;fhpj;Jf; nfhz;L> NghHf;ftrq;fis mzpe;J

nfhz;bUe;j kpfr; rpwe;j gil tPuid Kd;dpWj;jg;gl;lJ. mtid vjpHnfhs;tjw;F K];ypk;fs; jug;gpypUe;J

mk;H gpd; kmjp fHg; (uyp) mtHfs; Kd; te;jhHfs;. <uhdpag; NghH tPud; kpfTk; ftdkhf jdJ Kaw;rpfis

Nkw;nfhz;L> mk;H (uyp) mtHfis tPo;j;Jtjw;Fj; jUzk; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;> mk;H (uyp) mtHfis

Nehf;fp xU mk;igAk; vLj;J va;jhd;> mk;H (uyp) mtHfs; jd;id Nehf;fp te;j mk;ig ftdkhfj; jLj;J>

jdJ Fjpiuapd; kPNjwp vjphpia Nehf;fp kpf tpiuthfTk;> mjpf Ntfj;JlDk;> cWjpahfTk; nrYj;jp> jdJ

mj;jid gyj;ijAk; jpul;b jdJ thisf; nfhz;L vjphpapd; fOj;jpy; xU ntl;L ntl;bdhHfs;. vjphpapd; jiy

mtdJ Kz;lj;jpypUe;J jdpj;Jj; njwpj;J> jiuapy; tpOe;jJ. mjd; gpd; xt;nthU tPuuhf

miof;fg;gl;lhHfs;. mtHfs; midtUk; jq;fsJ jdpj;jpwikfis ntspg;gLj;jpf; fhl;bdhHfs;.

,Wjpahf> KOg; gilAk; NghHf;fsj;jpy; re;jpf;f Muk;gjpj;jJ. <uhdpaHfs; jq;fsJ ahidg;gilia Kd;

nfhz;L te;jhHfs;. ahidia Kd;ndg;nghOJk; ghHj;jpuhj mNugpaf; Fjpiufs; ,g;nghOJ kpus Muk;gpj;jd.

xU caukhd guzpypUe;J K];ypk; gilfs; re;jpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j ,e;j jpBHj; jhf;Fjiy kpfTk;

ftiyAld; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs; rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs;. ,Nj epiyik ePbj;jhy;

K];ypk;fspd; jug;G kpfTk; ,f;fl;Lf;Fs;shfp tpLk; vd;gijAk; czHe;jhHfs;. gdP mrj; Fyj;ijr; NrHe;j xU

thypgiu mioj;J> ckJ NghHj;jpwikfis ntspg;gLj;JtPuhf vd;W Fuy; nfhLj;jhHfs;. gdP mrj; - d; kpfg;

ngUk; jiytuhd mtH jdJ kf;fis cw;rhfg;gLj;Jk; tpjkhf ngUq;FunyLj;Jf; $wpdhH :

gdP mrjpd; ,sk; tPuHfNs Kd;NdWq;fs;> rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; cq;fsJ tPuj;jpd; kPJ

ek;gpf;if itj;J cq;fisf; Fwpj;Jg; Nghw;Wfpd;whHfs;. ,d;iwa jpdk; cq;fsJ NghHj;jpwikfisAk;>

Page 43: History of islamic army generals in tamil

tPuj;ijAk; ntspg;gLj;jf; $ba Nrhjidf; fsk;. vjphpia epiyFiyar; nra;J ,];yhj;jpd; Gfio Xq;fr;

nra;tjw;fhf cq;fsJ capHfis mHg;gzpf;f tpiuAq;fs;. Kd;Ndwpr; nry;Yq;fs;> kiy Nghy; cq;fs; Kd;

epw;fpd;w me;j ahidg; gilfNshL NkhJq;fs;. ePq;fs; nfhLf;ff; $ba xU mbAk; ,b Nghy; ,wq;fpdhy;>

ngUkiyAk; nghbf; fw;fshFk; vd;gij mtHfs; mg;nghOJ czHe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;w tPukpf;f

ciuia epfo;j;jpdhHfs;.

,e;j tPu ciuiaf; Nfl;l gdP mrj; thypgHfs; Kd;Ndwpr; nrd;W> ahidg; gilia jq;fsJ thl;fshy; gjk;

ghHf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. Kbtpy;yhj cd;djkhd tho;f;iff;fhf jq;fsJ mw;g fhy ,e;j tho;f;ifia ,of;fj;

Jzpe;j me;j $l;lj;jpd; Kd;ghf kpfg; nghpa me;j ahidg;gil $l jhf;Fg; gpbf;f Kbahky; jpzwpaJ.

Kjypy; mtHfs; ahidia Xl;b te;j <uhdpa tPuHfisf; Fwp ghHj;J jq;fsJ mk;Gfisj; njhLj;jhHfs;. mk;G

gl;lTld; fha;e;j rWFfs; cjpHtJ Nghy; ahidapypUe;J mtHfs; cjpHe;jhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ rpy K];ypk;

tPuHfs; ahidapd; Jjpf;ifia ntl;l Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. Jjpf;ifia ,oe;j ahidfs; ,g;nghOJ gak; nfhz;L

gpspw Muk;gpj;jd> gak; nfhz;L kpuz;L Nghd me;j ahidfs; gha;e;j gha;r;rypy; jdJ gilfisNa jdJ

fhy;fSf;Ff; fPNo ,iuahf;fpf; nfhz;L> <uhdpag; gilf;fsj;ij ehrkhf;fpf; nfhz;L gpd;Ndhf;fpr; nry;y

Muk;gpj;jJ. ,jpy; rpy K];ypk; tPuHfs; $l jq;fsJ ,d;Dapiu ,oe;jhHfs;. ,e;j ahidg; gilia

nraypof;fr; nra;jjd; fhuzkhf> Kjy; ehs; NghH K];ypk;fSf;F ntw;wpiaj; je;jJld; Kbtile;jJ.

kWehs; fhiy nghOJ GyHe;jTld;> ,we;j K];ypk;fspd; cly;fis mlf;fk; nra;J tpl;L> fhak;gl;ltHfSf;F

rpfpr;irfis Kbj;J tpl;L> K];ypk; tPuHfs; mtutUf;F xJf;fg;gl;l gilazpfspy; ,ize;J> mLj;j ehs;

NghUf;Fj; jahuhdhHfs;. ,UgilfSk; NkhJtjw;F rw;W Kd;gjhf mG+ cigjh gpd; my; [Huh`; (uyp)

mtHfshy; mDg;gg;gl;l ,d;ndhnkhU gilg;gphpT `p]hk; gpd; cj;gh (uyp) mtHfsJ jiyikapy; te;jpize;J

nfhz;lJ. ,g;nghOJ Kd;dzpapy; ,Uf;ff; $ba gilg;gphpTf;F fhfh gpd; mk;H (uyp) mtHfs; jiyikg;

nghWg;ig Vw;wpUe;jhHfs;. NghH Muk;gpg;gjw;F Kd;gjhf jdpg;gl;l tPuHfs; NkhJk; fsk; Muk;gkhdJ. ,jpy;

kpfTk; gphprpj;jp ngw;w NghHj; jpwd; gilj;j K];ypk; Kd;dzp tPuHfs; fsk; ,wq;fpdhHfs;. Kjy; Nkhjypy;

fhfh gpd; mk;H (uyp) mtHfs; <uhdpa fkhz;lH gPkd; vd;gtid vjpHj;J epd;whHfs;. mtdJ jiyia fhfh

gpd; mk;H (uyp) mtHfs; Jz;bj;jhHfs;. mLj;J <uhdpd; kpfg; ngUk; tPudhfj; jpfo;e;j m/td; gpd; fj;gh

vd;gtDk; ,e;jg; Nghhpy; nfhy;yg;gl;lhd;.

<uhdpd; kpfg; ngUk; NghH tPuHfshfj; jpfo;e;j midtUk; nfhy;yg;gl;L tpl;lhHfs;. NghH ,g;nghOJ

cf;fpukhfj; njhlq;fpaJ> NghH Jtq;fpaJ Kjy; ,U giltPuHfSk; ntw;wpia ,yf;fhf itj;J fLikahd

Nkhjypy; ,wq;fpdhHfs;. K];ypk; gilfspy; cs;s xl;lfq;fs; midj;ijAk; NrHj;J fapWfshy; gpizj;J>

xU xl;lfj;jpw;Fk; ,d;ndhU xl;lfj;jpw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l fapiw ,Wf;fkpy;yhky; kpfTk; jsHthd epiyapy;

njhq;f tpLk;gb fhfh gpd; mk;H mtHfs; jdJ gil tPuHfSf;F cj;jutpl;lhHfs;. fhfh gpd; mk;H (uyp)

mtHfspd; ,e;j NghH cj;jp kpfTk; Ntfkhf Ntiy nra;jJ. vjphpfspd; gil eLNt Xl;b tplg;gl;l ,e;j fapW

gpizf;fg;gl;l xl;lfq;fspd; fapWfspy; rpf;fp> <uhdpaf; Fjpiufs; jLf;fp jiuapy; tpOe;jd. ,jd; fhuzkhf

<uhdpag; NghH tPuHfs; jq;fsJ Fjpiufisf; fl;Lg;gLj;j ,ayhj epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gl;ldH> kpfTk;

rpukkg;gl;ldH. Fjpiufs; rhpahf xj;Jiof;fhjjhy;> jLf;fpAk; tpOe;jjhy; NghHf;fsk; ,g;nghOJ uzfsk;

MdJ> Mk;! vq;Fk; kuzf; $r;ry; vjphpfspd; jug;gpypUe;J Nfl;f Muk;gpj;jJ.

NghH ,g;nghOJ fLikahf ,Ue;jJ. ,g;nghOJ mG+ k`;[d; vd;w kpfg; ngUk; ghlfH (VNjh xU

fhuzj;jpw;fhf) rq;fpypahy; gpizf;fg;gl;l epiyapy; $z;Lf;Fs; milf;fg;gl;bUe;jhH. NghHf; fsf;fhl;rpfis

jdJ $z;Lf;Fs; ,Ue;J ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j mtH> jhDk; ntspapy; nrd;W NghH nra;a Ntz;Lk;> vjphpg;

gilfis Jtk;rk; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;w Mty; mtUf;F mjpfhpj;jJ. mg;nghOJ> mtUf;F mUNf epd;W

nfhz;bUe;j rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfsJ kidtpia mioj;J vdJ rq;fpypia mtpo;j;J tpLq;fs;

ehDk; nrd;W NghH nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ehd; Nghhpy; nfhy;yg;glhky; ,Ue;jhy;> ehd; fz;bg;ghf kPz;Lk; ,q;Nf

te;J tpLfpd;Nwd; vd;W cWjpaspf;fpd;Nwd; vd;W nfQ;rpf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh];

(uyp) mtHfspd; kidtp rykh (uyp) mtHfs; Kjypy; kWj;J tpLfpd;whHfs;. gpd; mG+ k`;[d; (uyp) mtHfs;

ftiy Njha;e;j Kfj;Jld; xU ghliyg; ghLfpd;whHfs; :

Jf;fk; vd; njhz;ilia newpf;f..

Page 44: History of islamic army generals in tamil

Jauk; vd; neQ;irg; gpsf;f..

,Njh ,d;dy;fSf;F ,ilNa fjP]pa;ah..!

ehNdh nghq;fp epw;f..

vd; capNuh tpk;kp epw;f..

MHtj;jhy; vd; mq;fq;fs; mjpHe;J epw;f..!

mq;Nf NjhoHfs; ..!

<l;bAk; tpy;Ykha; tpiue;jpUf;f..

ehNdh rq;fpypapd; rd;dYf;F

fk;gpaha; epw;fpd;Nwd;..!

vd; cWjpia epWj;Jk;

fapWfs; xU gf;fk;..!

vd; Ntfj;ij tpiy NgRk;

mjd; ,Wf;fk; xU gf;fk;..!

ehd; Xub Kd;Ndw

,uz;lb gpd;DOf;Fk;

fhy; tpyq;F xU gf;fk;..!

XirNa ,Wjp top vd;W

Xntd;W ehd; myw..!

vdJ Xirapd; xt;nthU ,yf;Fk;

ghiyapy; njhiyj;j gdpj;Jsp ahdNj..!

,tuJ ,e;j Nrhfkhd ghliyf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;j rykh (uyp) mtHfspd; fz;fspy; ,Ue;J fz;zPH

cilg;ngLj;J Xbf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. mG+ k`;[d; (uyp) mtHfisg; gpizj;J itj;jpUe;j $l;bd; mUNf

nrd;w rykh (uyp) mtHfs; mtiug; gpizj;jpUe;j fl;Lf;fis mtpo;j;J> rpiwapypUe;J ntspNa tu

cjTfpd;whHfs;. czHr;rpapd; cr;rj;jpypUe;j mG+ k`;[d; (uyp) mtHfs;> mq;Nf fl;lg;gl;bUe;j rmj; gpd; mgP

tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfspd; Fjpiuapd; kPNjwp NghHf;fsj;jpy; Eioe;J> vjphpfspd; jiyfis thpirahff; nfha;J>

jiuapy; Gus itj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. mtH nfhLj;j mbapd; fhuzkhf mtuJ tyJ GwKk;> ,lJ GwKk;

vjphpfspd; jiyfs; Njq;fha; rpjWtJ Nghy; rpjwpf; nfhz;bUe;jd. NghHf;fsf; fhl;rpfis guzpypUe;J

ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs;> NghHf;fsj;jpy; ,g;nghOJ xU kpfg; ngUk; khw;wk;

xd;W njhptijf; fz;Zw;W> jd;Dila kidtpia mioj;J> ahH me;j kdpjH ,e;j msTf;F cf;fpukhf

rz;ilapl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whNu! vd;W tpdTfpd;whHfs;. mg;nghOJ rykh (uyp) mtHfs;> mtH jhd; ePq;fs;

fl;bg; Nghl;bUe;j mG+ k`;[d; (uyp) mtHfs; vd;W mtUf;F Qhgf%l;Lfpd;whHfs;. ,d;Dk; capUld;

,Ue;jhy; jpUk;gp te;J tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;w fl;lisapd; mbg;gilapy; mtiu ehd; jhd; tpLtpj;J mDg;gpNdd;

vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

,jidf; Nfl;l rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs;> ty;y my;yh`;tpd; kPJ Mizahf! ,e;j msT tPukpf;f

Njhoiu ehd; ,dpNky; vg;nghOJk; gpbj;J gpizapy; itj;jpUf;f khl;Nld;> ,d;Dk; ehd; mtiu tpLjiy

ngw;wtuhthH vd;Wk; mtUf;F ed;khuaq; $Wfpd;Nwd; vd;Wk; $wpdhHfs;.

,uz;lhtJ ehSk; K];ypk;fSf;Nf ntw;wp fpilj;j NghjpYk;> ,JNt ,Wjp ntw;wp vd;Wk; $w Kbahj

msTf;F %d;whtJ ehSk; NghH ele;jJ. xt;nthU ehSk; <uhdpa kd;dd; GJg;GJg; gilg;gphpit mDg;gp>

NkYk; <uhdpag; gilfSf;F tYr; NrHj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;. ,jidf; fz;l kpfTk; mDgtk; tha;e;j

Page 45: History of islamic army generals in tamil

gilj;jsgjpahd fhfh gpd; mk;H (uyp) mtHfs; ,d;ndhU cj;jpiaf; ifahz;lhHfs;. Gjpjhf te;J Nruf;

$ba gilfisj; jLj;J epWj;jp tpl;lhy;> ntw;wpia vspjhf;fp tplyhk; vd;gNj mtuJ fzpg;G. vdNt> rphpahg;

gFjpapypUe;J xU gilg; gphpit mDg;gp> Gjpjjhf <uhdpypUe;J tuf; $ba gilfis> fjP]pa;ahtpy; Nghuhbf;

nfhz;bUf;ff; $ba gilg;gphpTld; ,izAk; Kd;Ng jhf;Fjy; njhLj;J tpl;lhy;> fjP]pa;ah tpypUf;Fk; gilia

vspjpy; ntw;wp ngw;W tplyhk;> mNj Neuj;jpy; GJg; gilg;gphpit nraypof;fr; nra;J tplyhk; vd;gNj mtuJ

vz;zkhf ,Ue;jJ.

vdNt> xU E}W NgH nfhz;l jPukpf;f K];ypk; giltPuHfisj; NjHT nra;J rphpah gFjpf;F mDg;gp

itj;jhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ ,e;jg; gil Gjpjhf <uhdpypUe;J tuf; $ba gilfis vjpH nfhs;s Muk;gpj;jJ.

jpBnud te;j jhf;Fjiy vjpHghHf;fhj <uhdpag; gilfs;> NkYk; NkYk; GOjpiaf; fpsg;gpf; nfhz;L tUk;

K];ypk;fspd; gilfisf; fz;L kpuz;lhHfs;. ,d;Dk; mtHfs; rphpahtpypUe;J K];ypk;fspd; Gjpa

gilg;gphpnthd;W te;jpUg;gjhff; fzf;Fg; Nghl;lhHfs;. Mdhy; <uhdpag; gilj;jsgjp> ,e;jj; jpBHj;

jhf;FjiyAk;> mjd; e\;lj;ijAk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sj; jahuhf ,y;iy. jdJ gilfis kPz;Lk; jahH nra;J

jdJ gilfis eLNt epw;f itj;J> gilf;F ,lJk;> tyJkhf ahidg; gilia fhtYf;F mikj;J

gilfis mDg;gpf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;. Mdhy;> <uhdpaj; jsgjpapd; ,e;j Af;jpia mwpe;j mk;H gpd; kMj; af;ug;

(uyp) mtHfs;> ahidfspd; kPJ jhf;Fjy; njhLf;FkhW jdJ giltPuHfSf;Ff; fl;lisapl;lhHfs;.

ahidfspd; kPJ jhf;fjy; Muk;gkhdJ> ahidfspy; Jk;gpf;iffs; ntl;br; rha;f;fg;;gl;ld. Jk;gpf;iffis

,oe;j ahidfs;> kpuz;L Ngha;> jdJ gilfspd; eLNt jpUk;gp Xl Muk;gpj;jJ. ahidfspd; fhybapy; rpf;fpf;

nfhz;l <uhdpa tPuHfs;> kbe;jNjhly;yhky;> Njhy;tpiaAk; jOtpdhHfs;. ,Ug;gpDk; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; <uhdpy;

,Ue;J NghH tPuHfis <uhdpa kd;dd; mDg;gpf; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhd;.

,g;nghOJ epiyikiar; rhpahff; fzpj;Jf; nfhz;l fhfh gpd; mk;H (uyp) mtHfs;> kpfr; rpwe;j mk;ngwpaf;

$ba tPuHfspd; FOit mikj;J> mjw;Fj; jhNd jiyik jhq;fpatHfshf <uhdpag; gilj; jsgjp U\;Jik

Nehf;fp> NghHf;fsj;jpy; Eioe;jhHfs;. fhfh gpd; mk;H (uyp) mtHfisf; fz;l U\;Jk;> jhNd Kd; te;J

mtHfSld; NghH nra;a vj;jzpj;jhd;. gpd; ,J elthj fhhpak; vd;gij mwpe;J nfhz;ltdhf> mq;fpUe;J

jg;gpg; Nghf Kaw;rp nra;J> me;j ,lj;ij tpl;Nl Xl Muk;gpj;j mtd;> mUfpy; ,Ue;j Mw;wpy; Fjpj;J jg;gpg;

Nghf Kaw;rp nra;jhd;. Mw;wpy; Fjpj;J jg;gpg; gpiof;f ePe;jpf; nfhz;bUg;gijf; fz;l K];ypk; giltPuHfspy;

xUtuhd `pyhy; (uyp) mtHfs;> jhDk; Mw;wpy; Fjpj;J U\;Jik tpul;l Muk;gpj;jhH. xU fl;lj;jpy; U\;Jik

vl;bg; gpbj;j `pyhy; (uyp) mtHfs;> mtid ,Wf;fg; gw;wpg; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L> jdJ FWthshy; Xq;fp xU

Fj;J Fj;jpdhH. ,g;nghOJ> U\;Jk; Mw;wpNyNa gpzkhf kpjf;f Muk;gpj;jhd;.

<uhdpag; gilj;jsgjp nfhy;yg;gl;l nra;jpia> <uhdpag; giltPuHfSf;F kj;jpapy; kpf Ntfkhfg; gug;gg;gl;lJ.

jd;Dila jsgjp ,we;j nra;jpiaf; Nfl;l <uhdpag; giltPuHfs; ,g;nghOJ jhq;fs; ntw;wp ngWNthk; vd;gjpy;

ek;gpf;if ,of;f Muk;gpj;jdH> gilf;fsj;ij tpl;Lg; GwKJfpl;L Xl Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. Xba mtHfis kpf mjpf

J}uk; tpul;br; nrd;wNjhL> Nghiu K];ypk;fs; KbTf;Ff; nfhz;L te;jhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ Nghhpy; K];ypk;fs;

KO ntw;wp ngw;W tpl;lhHfs;.

rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; ,e;jg; Nghhpy; Neubahff; fye;J nfhs;sh tpl;lhYk;> jdJ ,Ug;gplj;jpy;

,Ue;J nfhz;L gilf;fSf;Fj; Njitahd fl;lisfis njhlHe;J toq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. ,e;jg;

Nghhpy; fye;J nfhz;ltHfspd; ,iwek;gpf;if kw;Wk; tPuk; Mfpatw;Wf;F mLj;jjhf> gilj;jsgjpfspd; rhpahd

jpl;lkpLjy; ,Ue;jij ehk; fhz Kbe;jJ. mJNt fjP]pa;ahg; Nghhpy; K];ypk;fSf;F ntw;wpia <l;bf;

nfhLj;jJ.

gilj;jsgjpfs; Nghhpy; Neubahfg; gq;F nfhz;lhYk; my;yJ gq;F nfhs;sh tpl;;lhYk;> Aj;j tuyhw;wpd;

neLfpYk; eilngw;w NghHfspy; xU Nghhpd; ntw;wpf;Fk; my;yJ Njhy;tpf;Fk; mjd; jsgjpfNs fhuz

fHj;jhf;fshf ,Ue;Js;shHfs;. rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; NghH ele;J nfhz;bUe;j Neuj;jpy;

fLikahf Neha;tha;g;gl;bUe;jjd; fhuzkhf mtuhy; Neubahfg; Nghhpy; gq;F nfhs;s ,ayhky;> guzpy;

cl;fhHe;J nfhz;L NghH eltbf;iffisg; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhH> ,d;Dk; jdJ giltPuHfSf;Fk;>

Jizj; jsgjpfSf;Fk; fl;lisfis mq;fpUe;Nj gpwg;gpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhH.

my;yh`;tpd; giltPuHfNs tyJ gf;fk; Kd;NdWq;fs;>

Page 46: History of islamic army generals in tamil

my;yh`;tpd; giltPuHfNs ,lJ gf;fk; Kd;NdWq;fs;.

X! KfPuhNt! ,g;nghOJ ePq;fs; Kd;Ndwpr; nry;Yq;fs;

X! [hPH! ,g;nghOJ ePq;fs; rw;Wg; gpd; thq;Fq;fs;

X! E/khd;! cq;fsJ thisf; nfhz;L jhf;Fq;fs;

X! m]j;! Kd;NdWq;fs;! ,g;nghOJ jhf;Fq;fs;!

X! fhfh! tpiue;J Kd;Ndwpr; nry;Yq;fs;!!

vd;W rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfsplkpUe;J fl;lisfs; gwe;J nfhz;bUe;jd.

,];yhj;ij jq;fsJ ,jaq;fspy; Ve;jpf; nfhz;ltHfNs! ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; NjhoHfNs! ePq;fs;

rpwg;ghfr; nray;gLfpd;wPHfs;! ePq;fs; vjphpfSf;F vspjpy; vijAk; tpl;Lf; nfhLj;J tpLgtHfy;yH> ,d;Dk;

mtHfSf;F vjpuhfj; J}f;fpa cq;fsJ iffis epWj;jp tplTk; khl;BHfs;! ,e;j cyfNk cq;fsJ ,e;j

tPuj;ijg; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. Gilj;J epw;fpd;w cq;fsJ khHgpy; mr;rj;ij mtHfs; ghHf;ftpy;iy>

mjpy; vjphpfis epiyFiyar; nra;af; $ba> tPu kuzk; vd;w Ntl;ifiaj; jhd; mtHfs; ghHj;Jf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs;> k;..! Kd;NdWq;fs;..! tPu kuzk; cq;fSf;Ff; fhj;jpUf;fpd;wJ..! \`Pj;..! vd;w

me;j];J cq;fis miof;fpd;wJ..! vd;W jdJ giltPuHfis cw;rhf%l;bf; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhHfs; rmj; gpd;

mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs;.

,iwtdJ fl;lisiaAk;> jdJ J}jH (]y;) mtHfsJ fl;lisiaAk;> ,d;Dk; jdf;Fg; nghWg;ghf

epakpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;w jsgjpfspd; fl;lisfisAk; khdrPfkhd Kiwapy; Vw;W> mjpy; cz;ikahf> tYthfj;

jq;fsJ ghjq;fspy; cWjpiaf; fhz;gpj;j ,e;j cj;jkHfs;> jhq;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;l nghWg;gpw;Fhpa

flikfisr; rhptu epiwNtw;wpajd; fhuzkhf> my;yh`; ,e;jg; Nghhpy; jd; jpUj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd;

NjhoHfSf;F ntw;wpia mspj;jhd;.

fjP]pa;ahg; Nghhpy; K];ypk;fs; ntw;wp ngw;whYk;> ,d;Dk; mtHfs; gazk; nra;a Ntz;ba J}uk; kpf mjpfkhfNt

,Ue;jJ.

kj;ad; NghH

fjP]pa;ahtpy; <uhdpaHfis ntw;wp ngw;w gpd;> mNj <uhdpaHfis kPz;Lk; kj;ad; vd;w ,lj;jpy; vjpH nfhs;s

Ntz;bapUe;jJ. ,e;jg; NghhpYk; <uhdpaHfs; fjP]pa;ahg; NghUf;F te;jpUe;jijg; NghyNt kpf kpf

Kd;Ndw;ghLfSld;> mjpfkhd MAjq;fSlDk; te;jpUe;jhHfs;. ,e;jg; Nghhpy; K];ypk;fSf;F kpfg; nghpa

jilia j[;yh vd;w ejp Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. <uhdpag; gil xU fiuapYk;> kW fiuapy; K];ypk;fspd;

gilAk; epd;W nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,UtiuAk; gphpj;J itj;J> me;j ejp jdJ Nghf;fpy; Ngha;f; nfhz;bUe;jJ.

<uhdpaHfisj; jhf;f Ntz;Lnkd;why; Mw;iwf; fle;J jhd; jhf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w epiy> ,d;Dk; MW

<uhdpaHfis K];ypk;fsplkpUe;J ghJfhf;ff; $ba ftrkhfTk; jpfo;e;J nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,d;Dk; me;j Mw;wpd;

FWf;Nf ,Ue;j mj;jid ghyq;fis <uhdpaHfs; epH%ykhf;fp> cilj;J itj;jpUe;jdH. vdNt> j[;yh ejp

K];ypk;fSf;F kpfg; ngUk; rthy; tpl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.

K];ypk;fs; Kd;Ndw Ntz;Lkhdhy;> vjpHj;jhf;Fjiy elj;j Ntz;Lnkd;why;.. K];ypk;fs; jhd; Kjypy; mb

vLj;J itj;J vjpHj;jhf;Fjiy elj;j Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; MW FWf;fpl;L Xbf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;w epiyapy; ,J

vg;gbr; rhj;jpak;? mg;gbNa> Mw;iwf; fle;J vjphpfisr; re;jpf;fyhk; vd;w Kbtpid vLj;jhYk; Mw;iwf;

fle;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;w epiyapNyNa vjphpy; cs;s <uhdpag; gilfspd; jhf;Fjiyr; re;jpf;f Ntz;b tUk;. ,J

vjphpf;F rhjfkhff; $l Mfp tpLk;.

,g;nghOJ rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; xU GJ tpj Af;jp xd;iw tFj;jhHfs;. mjd; gb xU

gilg;gphpT M]pk; gpd; mk;H (uyp) mtHfs; jiyikapy; Mw;wpy; ,wq;FtJ> ,d;Dk; mLj;j gilg;gphpT Kjy;

gphpTf;F rw;Wj; J}uj;jpy; fhfh gpd; mk;H (uyp) mtHfs; jiyikapy; Mw;wpy; ,wq;FtJ vd;w KbT

vLf;fg;gl;lJ.

,e;jj; jpl;lj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;> Kjypy; ,wq;fpa gilg;gphpTld; <uhdpag; gilfs; Nkhjpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;w

Page 47: History of islamic army generals in tamil

epiyapy;> ,uz;lhtJ gphpT Mw;wif; flf;f Muk;gpf;Fk;. ,e;j epiyapy; Kjy; gphpTld; <uhdpaHfs; NkhJtjpy;

ftdk; nrYj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghONj> ,uz;lhtJ gphpT vjpHf;fiuia mile;J> vjpHghuhj jhf;Fjiyj;

njhLf;f Muk;gpj;J> <uhdpaHfis epiyFiyar; nra;tNj ,e;j Vw;ghl;bd; Nehf;fkhf ,Ue;jJ. rmj; gpd; mgP

tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfspd; ,e;j NghHf;fiyj;jpl;lk; ntF rpwg;ghf Ntiy nra;jJ> vjphpfis epiyFiyar;

nra;jJld; ntw;wpiaAk; ngw;Wj; je;jJ. ,d;Dk; ,uhZt tuyhw;wpy;> rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfspd;

,e;jg; NghHj;jpl;lk; nghd;ndOj;Jf;fshy; gjpf;ff; $banjhU tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;igf; nfhz;ljhfTk; mike;J

tpl;lJ.

,e;jj; jpl;lj;ijj; njspthfj; jd;Dila giltPuHfSf;F tpsf;fpa gpd;> ,iwtd; kPJ ek;gpf;if nfhz;l

vd;Dila giltPuHfNs! my;yh`;tpd; kPJ G+uz ek;gpf;if itj;jtHfshf ,e;j Mw;wpy; ,wq;Fq;fs; vd;W

rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; cj;jutpl;lhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ> K];ypk; tPuHfs; xt;nthUthpd; cjLk;>

my;yh`;tpd; jpUehkj;ij cr;rhpf;f Muk;gpj;jJ> ,d;Dk; mtHfs; `];Gdy;yh` t ep/ky; tf;fPy; - mjhtJ

vq;fSf;F cjtp nra;a my;yh`;Nt NghJkhdtd; vd;W $wpf; nfhz;Nl ,g;nghOJ Mw;wpy; ,wq;f

Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

Mokhd me;j j[;yh ejpia ve;jtpj gaKkpd;wp ,g;nghOJ K];ypk; tPuHfs; flf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. K];ypk;

tPuHfs; Mw;iwf; fle;j ,e;j rk;gtj;ij cyfk; ,t;thW Ngrpf; nfhz;lJ :

,tHfs; vd;d epyj;jpy; ele;J nry;tJ Nghyy;yth Mw;wpd; kPJ ele;J Ngha;f; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs;.

,t;thW Mw;iwf; fle;j K];ypk; tPuHfspy; ry;khd; my; ghH]p (uyp) mtHfSk; xUtuhthH. Aj;j tuyhw;wpy;

nghd;ndOj;Jf;fshy; nghwpf;ff; $ba msTf;F> xU tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;G kpf;f mofpanjhU gzpiar; nra;jhH

ry;khd; (uyp) mtHfs;.

mtH $wpdhH :

,];yhk; vd;w ,e;j ,iwkhHf;fk; cd;djkhdJ> rpwg;G kpf;fJ> mJ thdj;jpypUe;J ,e;j cyfj;jpw;F ,wf;fp

mUs; nra;ag;gl;lJ. me;j ty;y my;yh`;tpd; kPJ rj;jpakhf> ,e;j MwhdhJ ,iwek;gpf;if nfhz;l

ey;ybahHfSf;F> ehk; tho;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;w me;j ghiyg; G+kpiag; Nghd;wNj!

vtDila iftrj;jpy; vd;Dila capH ,Uf;fpd;wNjh..! me;j my;yh`;tpd; kPJ rj;jpakhf..! Mw;wpy; ahH

ahnuy;yhk; ,wq;fpdhHfNsh mtHfs; midtUk; ghJfhg;ghfNt mjd; kWfiuia mile;jhHfs;. Mokhd me;j

ejp mtHfspy; vtUf;Fk; ve;j nfLjpiaAk; Vw;gLj;jtpy;iy.

,d;Dk; Mw;iwf; fle;j tPuHfsplkpUe;J xU fapW $l jtwp me;j Mw;wpy; tpOe;J tpltpy;iy. xU

NghHtPuUila Ftis xd;W jtwp Mw;wpy; tpOe;J tpl> mjid fz;nlLj;Jj; jUkhW jd;Dila rf

tPuHfsplk; Ntz;LfpwhH. Mw;wpy; jtwp tpOe;j me;jf; Ftis ,tHfis Nehf;fp kpje;J te;J nfhz;bUe;jJ.

vy;yhg; GfOk; my;yh`;Tf;Nf!

K];ypk;fs; Mw;iwf; fle;J tUtijg; ghHj;j <uhdpag; gilfs;> jq;fsJ fz;fisNa mtHfshy; ek;g

Kbatpy;iy> jq;fis VNjh kpfg; nghpa gpuhzp xd;W tpOq;f tUtijg; Nghyf; fz;lhHfs;> gaj;jhy;

eLq;fpdhHfs;> ,d;Dk; gilia tpl;L XlTk; tpuz;NlhlTk; nra;jhHfs;. Mdhy; <uhdpag; gilj;jsgjp

cWjpAld; K];ypk;fis vjpHj;J epd;whH> tpuz;Nlhba rpyH kPz;Lk; mtUld; te;J xl;bf; nfhz;ldH. Mdhy;

<uhdpag; gilf;F Kjy; ehspNyNa K];ypk; tPuHfs; rkhjp fl;b tpl;ldH. <uhdpaHfspd; kj;ad; gpuNjrKk;>

Nfhl;ilfSk;> muz;kidfSk; ,g;nghOJ K];ypk;fs; trkhfpd. <uhdpag; NguurH Njhy;tpailtjw;F Kd;Ng>

kj;aid tpl;L a];l;fhH vd;w gFjpia Nehf;fpr; nrd;W tpl;lhH. kj;adpd; mj;jid nghUs;fSk;> ,d;Dk;

f[hdhf;fSk; ifg;gw;wg;gl;L> kjPdhTf;F mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;lJ.

rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; kj;ad; efhpy; Eioe;j nghOJ> kj;ad; efuk; ntwpr;Nrhbf; fple;jJ. Ms;

elkhl;lkpy;yhky; mikjpahf ,Ue;jJ. ,e;jf; fhl;rp rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfis kpfTk; ghjpj;J

tpl;lJ. mjd; fhuzkhf mtuJ ehtpypUe;J fPo;f;fz;l trdk; cjpu Muk;gpj;jJ :

vj;jid Njhl;lq;fisAk;> ePH Cw;Wf;fisAk; mtHfs; tpl;Lr; nrd;whHfs;? ,d;Dk; (vj;jidNah)

tpisepyq;fisAk; NeHj;jpahd khspiffisAk; (tpl;Lr; nrd;whHfs;). ,d;Dk; mtHfs; ,d;gkhf mDgtpj;Jf;

nfhz;bUe;j RfhDgtq;fisAk; (tpl;Lr; nrd;whHfs;). mt;thNw (KbT Vw;gl;lJk;) mtw;wpw;F NtW

Page 48: History of islamic army generals in tamil

r%fj;jhiu thhprhf ehk; Mf;fpNdhk;. (44:25-28)

kj;ad; gpuNjrk; K];ypk;fspd; iftrk; te;jJk;> mjidaLj;j <uhf; gFjpAk; K];ypk;fspd; iftrk; te;jJ>

,g;nghOJ mq;F ,];yhkpa Ml;rp epiyepWj;jg;gl;lJ. kf;fs; midtUf;Fk; nghJ kd;dpg;G mspf;fg;gl;L>

tPl;il tpl;L ahH ahH XbdhHfNsh mtHfs; kPz;Lk; jq;fsJ tPLfSf;F te;J> mikjpahd Kiwapy;

trpf;fyhk; vd;w mwptpg;Gk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,e;j mwptpg;igf; Nfl;l mtHfs;> kPz;Lk; jq;fsJ tho;tplq;fSf;F

te;jhHfs;> jq;fsJ nghUs;> kw;Wk; nry;tk;> nrhj;Jf;fs; ghJfhf;fg;gl;ltHfshf jq;fsJ tho;itj;

Jtq;fpdhHfs;.

<uhf;fpd; KOg; gFjpAk; ,];yhkpag; gilfspd; iftrk; te;jJk;> <uhf;fpd; ftHduhf rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh];

(uyp) epakpf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. ntw;wp nfhs;sg;gl;lTld; me;j Njrj;ij xUq;fpizj;J mjid Ms;tnjd;gJ

kpfTk; rpukkhdnjhU gzpahf ,Ue;jJ. rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; jd;Dila NjhoHfsJ jPukpf;f

jpahfj;ijAk;> tPuj;ijAk; fz;L ,iwtDf;F ed;wp $wpdhH. ,d;Dk; ntF rPf;fpuj;jpNyNa <uhf; gpuNjrj;ij

kpfTk; nropg;ghd> tpaf;fj;jf;f khWjy;fisf; nfhz;l G+kpahf> xU Kd;khjphp kpf;f Njrkhf khw;wpf;

fhl;bdhH.

<uhf;fpd; rPNjh\;z epiy ekJ tPuHfSf;F xj;J tutpy;iy. mNef tPuHfs; ,jdhy; fLikahd Neha;fSf;F

Mshfp tUfpd;whHfs; vd;W rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; fyPgh ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;Ff; fbjk;

vOjpdhHfs;.

mjw;F> rhpahd ,lj;ijj; NjHT nra;J mq;F GjpanjhU efiu epHkhzpf;Fk;gbAk;> giltPuHfSf;F mq;F

tPLfs; fl;bf; nfhLf;Fk;gbAk; rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfSf;F ckH (uyp) mtHfs; gjpy; fbjk;

vOjpdhHfs;. vdNt> Gjpa ,lk; NjHT nra;ag;gl;lJ> Gjpa efuk; $/gh epHkhzpf;fg;gl;lJ. xt;nthU

Fyj;jpw;Fk; xU gFjp xJf;fg;gl;lJ> efhpd; khHgplj;jpy; kpfg; nghpa gs;spthry; xd;Wk; fl;lg;gl;lJ. me;jg;

gs;spapy; xNu Neuj;jpy; 40 Mapuk; NgH epd;W njhOk; msTf;F tprhykhf me;jg; gs;sp fl;lg;gl;lJ. <uhf;if

jpl;lkpl;lgbAk;> rhpahd epHthfj;jpwidf; nfhz;L Ml;rp nra;ag;gl;ljhYk;> Kd;idf; fhl;bYk; mikjpahfTk;>

nropg;ghfTk;> epk;kjpahfTk; kf;fs; tho Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

rhpahd epHthfk;> ghugl;rkpy;yhj ePjp> ,d;Dk; kf;fis rhpahd Kiwapy; top elj;jpajhy; kf;fs; mikjpiaAk;>

Rgpl;rj;ijAk;> re;Njh\j;ijAk; ,];yhkpa Ml;rpapy; mDgtpj;jhHfs;. Mdhy;> vg;nghOJk; gpur;idfis

cUthf;fp mjpy; FspHfha tpUk;Gk; xU $l;lk; vq;Fk; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUg;gJ Nghy $/ghtpYk; xU rpW $l;lk;

cUthfpaJ. ,d;Dk; me;jf; $l;lk; muirf; Fiw$wpf; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jJ kl;Lky;yhky;> rhpahd Neuj;jpy;

njho itg;gjpy;iy vd;Wk; ,d;Dk; Ntiyfspy; Nrhk;Ngwpj;jdj;ijAk;> nghLNghf;fhfr; nray;gLtjhfTk;

ftHdH kPJ Fw;wk; rhl;bdhHfs;.

rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfisg; gw;wpa Fw;wr;rhl;ilg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l fyPgh ckH (uyp) mtHfs;>

clNd kjPdhtpw;Fg; Gwg;gl;L tUk;gb rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfSf;F cj;jutpLfpd;whHfs;. me;j

cj;juitg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l khj;jpuj;jpNyNa> rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; kjPdhTf;F

gazkhfpd;whHfs;.

mq;F rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; kPJ rhl;lg;gl;l Fw;wr;rhl;ilg; gw;wp ckH(uyp) tprhuiz

nra;fpd;whHfs;. rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfNs! cq;fs; kPJ rhl;lg;gl;l Fw;wr;rhl;ilg; gw;wp vd;d

$Wfpd;wPHfs;?

rphpj;Jf; nfhz;Nl..! ehd; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ve;j Kiwapy; njho itj;jhHfNsh> mNj Kiwapy;

jhd; njho itf;fpd;Nwd;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; Kjy; ,uz;L uf;mj;Jf;fis vt;thW gpe;jpa ,uz;L

uf;mj;Jf;fis tpl ePl;bj; njho itj;jhHfNsh mjidg; Nghd;Nw ehDk; kf;fSf;F njho itf;fpd;Nwd; vd;W

$wpdhHfs;. rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfsJ gjpyhy; jpUg;jpAw;w ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> rhp..! ,g;nghOJ

ePq;fs; kPz;Lk; <uhf; nrd;W ftHdH gjtpia Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sq;fs; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

Mdhy; rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfNsh! rphpj;Jf; nfhz;Nl..> vd; kPJ jpUg;jp nfhs;shj> ,d;Dk;

vd;Dila njhOifapy; re;Njfk; nfhz;L ehd; rhpahfj; njhOifia elj;jtpy;iy vd;W vd;idg; gw;wpg;

GfhH nra;j kf;fsplkh vd;id kPz;Lk; jpUg;gp mDg;Gfpd;wPHfs;. vd;Dila tho;it ,dp ehd; kjPdhtpy; fopf;f

tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;> vdf;Fg; gjpyhf NtW ahiuahtJ epakpj;J tpLq;fs; vd;W rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp)

Page 49: History of islamic army generals in tamil

mtHfs; ckH (uyp) mtHfsplk; NfhUfpd;whHfs;. vdNt> ,Jtiu rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfSf;F

cjtpahf ,Ue;j cjtp ftHdiuNa> <uhf;fpd; ftHduhf epakpj;J tpLfpd;whHfs;.

`p[;hp 23 y; ghurPf neUg;G tzq;fpahd xUtd;> ckH (uyp) mtHfs; njhOJ nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ fj;jpahy;

Fj;jp tpl;l epfo;r;rp ele;jJ. me;j jhf;Fjypy; ,Ue;J ckH (uyp) mtHfs; kPs ,aytpy;iy. mtHfis

kuzk; neUq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;j Ntiyapy;> ckH (uyp) mtHfis mLj;J Ml;rpg; nghWg;ig ahH Vw;gJ

vd;wnjhU gpur;id cUthfpaJ. ,d;Dk; ahiuAk; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; Fwpg;gpl;Lf; $wtpy;iy> jiyikg;

gjtpf;F epakpf;fTk; ,y;iy. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; Ngud;ikg; ngw;w NjhoHfisf; nfhz;l> MW egH

nfhz;l fkpl;bia epakpj;J> mtHfs; jq;fSf;Fs; MNyhrid nra;J Gjpa fyPghitj; NjHe;njLj;Jf;

nfhs;Sk;gb mwpTWj;jpdhHfs;. mt;thW epakpf;fg;gl;l MWNgH nfhz;l FOtpy; rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp)

mtHfSk; xUtuhthH. ,d;Dk; vdf;Fg; gpd; xUtiu fyPghf epakpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W ehd; KbT vLj;jhy;>

ehd; rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfisNa epakpg;Ngd; vd;Wk; mg;NghJ $wpdhHfs;. Mdhy; mJ rhpay;y.

jdJ jiytiuj; jhq;fNs NjHe;njLj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; chpik K];ypk; ck;kj;jpw;F ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;W ckH

(uyp) mtHfs; $wp tpl;lhHfs;.

,d;Dk; vdf;Fg; gpd; fypghthf tuf; $batH rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfshf ,y;yh tpl;lhy;>

mtuy;yhJ NtW ahuhtJ Ml;rpf;F tUthNuahdhy;> mt;thW nghWg;Gf;F tuf; $batH rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh];

(uyp) mtHfspd; MNyhridiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sl;Lk; vd;Wk; mwpTWj;jpdhHfs;. gpd; ckH (uyp) mtHfs;

kuzkile;J> mtHfis ey;ylf;fk; nra;jjd; gpd;G> egpj;NjhoHfspy; mjpfkhNdhhpd; Mjutpd; mbg;gilapy;>

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; Ml;rpahsuhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhHfs;.

kPz;Lk; <uhf; ftHduhf..!

cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfs; Ml;rpg; nghWg;Ngw;Wf; nfhz;lTld;> <uhf; gFjpapd; ftHduhf kPz;Lk; rmj; gpd; mgP

tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfisr; nrd;W gjtpNaw;Wf; nfhs;SkhW gzpj;jhHfs;. cJkhd; (uyp) mtHfspd;

cj;juTg;gb> kPz;Lk; <uhf; nrd;W mq;F %d;W tUlk; Ml;rpg; nghWg;gpy; rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs;

flikahw;wpdhHfs;. rpy tUlq;fs; fopj;J> rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfSf;Fk; epjpaikr;ruhfg; gjtp

tfpj;j mg;Jy;yh gpd; k];Cj; (uyp) mtHfSf;Fkpilapy; Vw;gl;l fUj;J NtWghLfspd; fhuzkhf kPz;Lk;

jdJ gjtpia uh[pdhkhr; nra;J tpl;L> kjPdhtpw;Nf jpUk;gp te;jhHfs;. kjPdhit mz;kpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j

Ntiiyapy;> kjPdhtpw;Fk; rpy iky;fs; J}uj;jpy; cs;s mfPf; vd;w ,lj;jpy; jdf;nfd xU Fbiria

mikj;Jf; nfhz;L> jdpikahd tho;it tho Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

jdpik tho;T

,d;Dk; K];ypk; rKjhaj;ijg; gy;NtW gphpTfSf;Fk; gpsTfSf;Fk; ,l;Lr; nrd;wNjhL> egpj;NjhoHfs; gyuJ

capHfisAk; Fbj;j [ky; Aj;jk;> ]pg;gPd; Aj;jk; Nghd;tw;wpYk; rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; fye;J

nfhs;shky; jtpHe;J nfhz;lhHfs;. ,d;Dk; me;jf; fhyg; gphptpy; K];ypk;fSf;F kj;jpapy; epytp te;j

fUj;JNtWghLfs;> Fog;gq;fs;> thjg; gpujpthjq;fs; vjidg; gw;wpAk; jd;dplk; $w Ntz;lhk; vd;W jd;Dila

FLk;gj;jtHfSf;F cj;juNt Nghl;L itj;jpUe;jhHfs; vd;why;> mtHfs; ve;j msTf;F ,e;j epfo;Tfshy;

ghjpf;fg;gl;bUe;jhy; kdKile;J NghapUg;ghHfs; vd;gij ek;khy; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ.

mtHfs; NtjidAld;> xU K];ypk; rNfhjudpd; ths;> nrhe;j K];ypk; rNfhjudpd; jiyiaj; Jz;bf;fg;

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wNj vd;W Ntjid njhzpf;ff; $wp tUe;jpdhHfs;. ,Ujug;gpdUk; vdJ khpahijf;Fhpa

NjhoHfs; jhd;> ,tHfspy; ahUf;F vjpuhfTk; vdJ fdtpy; $l ehd; vd;Dila this caHj;j khl;Nld;

vd;Wk; $wpdhHfs;.

,Wjp ehl;fs;

`p[;hp 54 y; me;j mfPf; vd;w ,lj;jpy; jdpahf tho;e;J nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ> mtUila 80 tJ tajpy;

kuzk; mtiu te;jile;jJ. mtUila ,Wjp epiy gw;wp> mtuJ kfd; tpthpg;gij ehk; ,q;F Nehf;FNthk; :

vd;Dila je;ijapd; jiy vd;Dila kbkPjpUe;jJ> mtuJ fz;fs; ghHit ntspr;rj;ij ,oe;J> epiy

Fj;jp epd;wJ. me;jf; fhl;rpiag; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j vdJ fz;fspy; ,Ue;J fz;zPH tope;NjhbaJ.

vd;id Nehf;fp..> Vd; kfNd mOfpd;wha;> nghWikahf ,U vd;W vdf;F MWjy; $wpdhH. epr;rakhf

Page 50: History of islamic army generals in tamil

my;yh`; vdf;F ve;jj; jz;lidAk; nfhLf;f khl;lhd;> ,d;\h my;yh`;..! vd;Wk; $wpdhHfs;.

,d;Dk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> jdJ kyhpjohy; vdf;F nrhHf;fk; cz;nld;W ed;khuak;

$wpapUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;W $wp tpl;L>

kfNd! me;j mykhhpiar; rw;W jpwg;ghahf! vd;W $wp> mjpy; ehd; kbj;J itj;jpUf;Fk; gioa Jzp xd;iw

vLj;J tUthahf vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

ehd; me;jg; gioa Jzpia vLj;J te;J nfhLj;Njd;.

mjidg; ghHj;J> ,ij ehd; gj;H Aj;jj;jpd; nghOJ mzpe;jpUe;Njd;> mjdhy; mjid kpfTk; gj;jpukhfg;

ghJfhj;J itj;jpUe;Njd;. ,d;Dk; ,e;j Jzpiaf; nfhz;Nl vdf;F eP fgdpLthahf!! ,e;jj; Jzp gioa

Jzpahf ,Uf;fpd;wNj vd;W eP ftiyg;gl Ntz;lhk;. mJ gioajhf ,Ue;jhYk;> tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;G kpf;fJ.

,jidf; nfhz;Nl vdf;F eP fgdpl;L mlf;fk; nra;! vd;Wk; $wpdhHfs;.

mt;thW mtHfs; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;bUe;j rpwpJ Neuj;jpy;> mtHfsJ capH tpz;iz Nehf;fpr; nrd;W tpl;lJ.

gpd;G mtuJ [dh]h [d;dj;Jy; gf;fP apy; ey;ylf;fk; nra;ag;gl;lJ.

fjP]pa;ahitAk;..! ngH]pahitAk; ntw;wp nfhz;l khtPuNu!!

,d;Dk; jdJ NghHj;jpwj;jhYk;> Qhdj;jhYk;> njhiyNehf;Fg; ghHitahYk; kj;aid ntw;wp nfhz;l

ngUkfNd!

j[;yh ejpapd; kPJ jdJ Fjpiuiar; nrYj;jp gak; vd;why; vd;d? vd;W Nfl;l ngUtPuNu!

$/gh efiu cUthf;fptNu!

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; kyhpjohy; nrhHf;fj;jpw;F ed;khuaq; $wg;gl;ltNu!

,];yhj;jpd; kpfg; ngUk; gilj;jsgjpNa! newp jtwhj Ml;rpahsNu!

X!! rmj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfNs!!

cq;fSf;F vq;fs; ]yhk;..! cq;fSf;F vq;fs; ]yhk;..!

nrhHf;fk; cq;fis MrpHtjpf;fl;Lk;. mjd; njd;wy; fhw;Wk;> rphpj;J jdJ kyhpjio ntspf;fhl;Lk;

kyhpjo;fspd; Rfe;jKk;> ,d;Dk; nrhHf;fj;jpd; Xilfspd; ryryg;Gk; vd;nwd;Wk; cq;fisr; Rw;wp te;J

nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fl;Lkhf!! MkPd;!!

Page 51: History of islamic army generals in tamil

mGy; M]; ,g;D mH uhgpM (uyp)

;mGy; M]; ,g;D mH uhgpM vd;gtH kf;fhtpy; md;W ,Ue;j kpfg; ngUk;; Fiu~paH Fyj;jpy; xd;whd m~;

~k;]; Nfhj;jpuj;jpy; gpwe;jtH. ,sikapy; kpfTk; Jbg;GlDk;> kpfTk; moF tha;e;jtuhfTk;> md;iwa

muGf;Fyj;jpw;Nf chpa ngUikiaAk;> Kd;NdhHfspd; topte;j caHFbg; ngUikiaAk; ngw;wtuhff;

fhzg;gl;lhH.

jpUkiwf; FHMdpy; $wg;gl;bUg;gJ Nghy Nfhil fhy rphpah ehl;il Nehf;fpa tHj;jfk; kw;Wk; FspHfhy vkd;

ehl;il Nehf;fpa tHj;jfj;jpy; kpfTk; jpwik tha;e;jtuhfTk;> kf;fspd; ed;kjpg;igg; ngw;W gpwUf;fhf xg;ge;j

mbg;gilapy; tHj;jfk; nra;J nfhLg;gtuhfTk;> kpfTk; ehzakhdtuhfTk;> NeHikahsuhfTk;> jd;id ek;gp

nghWg;ig xg;gilj;jtHfsplk; ele;J nfhz;lhH.

K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfspd; Kjy; kidtpAk; %/kpd;fspd; jhahuhd fjP[h gpd;j; Fitypj; mtHfs; mGy; M];

mtHfSf;F jha; topr; rpj;jpahthH. mGy; M]; mtHfs; fjP[h mtHfsplk; kpFe;j md;Gk; NerKk;

nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. jd; nrhe;j kfd; Nghd;W msT fle;j ghrj;ij fjP[h (uyp) mtHfs; fhl;bdhHfs;.

K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfSk; mGy; M]; mtHfs; kPJ kpFe;j md;G fhl;bdhHfs;.

fhyq;fs; efHe;j Ntfj;jpy; K`k;kJ (]y;) kw;Wk; fjP[h mk;ikahhpd; mUe;jtg; Gjy;tpaHfspy; %j;jtuhd

[a;dg; mtHfs; jpUkz taij vl;baJk;> md;iwa kf;fhtpy; ,Ue;j mj;jid kpfg; nghpa Fyj;jtHfSk;>

[a;dg; mtHfis kzKbf;f Nghl;b Nghl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. mjw;Ff; fhuzk; ,y;yhkYk; ,y;iy.

je;ijNah ed;dk;gpf;ifahsH vdg;Nghw;wg;gl;ltH (my; mkPd;)> jhahNuh ghpRj;jkhdts; vd;w nghUSld; $ba

mj;jh`puh vd;wiof;fg;gl;ltH> ,uz;L NgUila Fyq;fSk; md;W kpfTk; fz;zpakhf kjpf;fg;gl;l caHFbapd;

topte;jtHfs;. ,j;jifa ngUikiag; ngw;w [a;dg; mtHfs; ey;nyhOf;fq;fs; epiwe;jtuhfTk;> mofpa

ey;kq;ifahfTk; jpfo;e;jhHfs;. vdNt ,j;jifa ew;NgW ngw;w ,e;j kq;ifia milag; NghFk; mjpH~;lrhyp

ahH vd kf;fkh efuNk fhj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j Ntisapy;> ,iwtdpd; ehl;lk; mGy; M]; mtHfis mj;jifa

ew;Ngw;iwg; ngw;wtuhf;fpaJ.

,e;j ,se;jk;gjpfs; ,y;yw tho;tpy; mb vLj;J itj;j rpy Mz;LfspNyNa ,];yhk; vd;Dk; xspapd; fPw;Wfs;

nky;y nky;y kf;fhtpd; mbthdj;jpy; ,Ue;J ntspf;fpsk;g Maj;jkhdJ. New;W tiu [a;dg; mtHfspd;

je;ijahf ,Ue;j K`k;kJ mtHfs;> ,d;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) vd;W khw;wk; fz;L> cyfpw;NfhH

mUl;nfhilahf kdpj Fyj;ij tho;tpf;f ,iwtdhy; mDg;gg;gl;ltuhdhH. egpNa! ePH ck;Kila ,uj;j

nrhe;jq;fis Kjypy; ,];yhj;jpd; gf;fk; miog;gPuhf! vd;w ,iwr;nra;jpapd; fl;lisiar; nrtpkLj;jtHfshf

,iwj;J}jH mtHfsJ FLk;gj;jpy; ,Ue;J> K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfsJ JiztpahH fjP[h (uyp) mtHfs;

,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. mjidaLj;J ,tHfspd; Gjy;tpaHfshd [a;dg;> Uf;ifah> ck;K Fy;Jk;>

ghj;jpkh MfpNahUk; ,];yhj;ij Vw;wdH. ,tHfspy; ghj;jpkh mtHfs; jhd; kpfTk; ,isatuhf ,Ue;jhHfs;.

[a;dg; mtHfs; ,];yhj;jpy; jd;id KOikahf ,izj;Jf; nfhz;L> jd;id KOikahf ,iw khHf;fj;jpy;

mHg;gzpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j NghjpYk;> ,tuJ fztuhd mGy; M]; mtHfs; jd;Dila gioa khHf;fj;jpy;

,Ue;J tpLgl tpUk;ghky; mjpNyNa epiyj;jpUe;jhH. ,];yhj;jpd; Muk;g fhyj;jpy; %/kpdhd ngz;fis K];ypk;

my;yhjtHfSf;F jpUkzk; nra;af; $lhJ vd;w ,iwf;fl;lis mg;nghOJ te;jpUf;ftpy;iy.

,];yhj;jpd; xspf;fjpHfs; kf;fh KOikiaAk; Ml;rp Ghpa Muk;gpj;jTld; mjd; ntspr;rg; Gs;spfs; rpyUf;F

,jkhd fhiyf; fjpuhfTk;> rpyUf;F cr;rp ntapypd; nfhLikahfTk; gl;lJ. kf;fhtpd; Fiu~pj;

jiytHfSf;F cr;rp ntapypd; nfhLikahfg;gl;likahy;> ,ij vt;thW jLg;gJ vd;W if nfhz;L #hpaid

kiwf;f Kaw;rp nra;jdH. K`k;kJ tPl;bd; ngz; gps;isfis ,dpAk; ek; tPl;L kUkfs;fshf itj;jpUf;fhky;

gpwe;jfj;jpw;Nf mDg;gp tpLtjd; %yk; K`k;kJf;F ehk; xU ghlk; fw;gpj;Jf; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W

Vfkdjhfj; jPHkhdkhapw;W.

mjd; %yk; mtH jd;Dila kf;fs; thohntl;bahf tho;tijAk;> ,e;jf; nfhLikfis vy;yhk; mtH

ghHj;jgpd;G jd;Dila ,iwmiog;Gg; gzpia tpl;L tpl;L ek; nrhy;gb Nfl;L tpLthH vd;w ek;gpf;ifAld;>

Kjypy; Fiw~pj; jiytHfs; mGy; M]; mtHfisr; re;jpf;fr; nrd;wdH. mGy; MN]! cd;Dila kidtp

Page 52: History of islamic army generals in tamil

[a;dg;ig tpthfuj;Jr; nra;J> mtuJ jfg;gdhH tPl;Lf;F mDg;gp tpLk;\> vd;W Fiw~paH $l;lk; mtiu

tw;GWj;jpaJ kl;Lky;yhJ> ,tiu tpl mofhd> ey;y gz;Gs;s kidtpia cdf;F ehq;fs; kzKbj;J

itf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;Wk; me;jf; $l;lk; $wp epd;wJ.

,iwtd; kPJ rj;jpakhf! ehd; mt;thW nra;a khl;Nld;. mtUila ,lj;jpy;> ,e;j cyfj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;

ve;jnthU ngz;izAk; vd;dhy; kzKbj;J tho ,ayhJ> vdf;F mjpy; tpUg;gkpy;iy> vd;gJ jhd; mGy;

M]; mtHfspd; gjpyhf ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; ngUkhdhH (]y;) mtHfspd; Vida ngz;kf;fshd Uf;ifah kw;Wk;

ck;K Fy;J}k; Mfpa ,UtUila fztd;khHfSk;> ,UtiuAk; tpthfuj;Jr; nra;J gpwe;j tPl;Lf;F mDg;gp

itj;J tpl;ldH. ngUkhdhH (]y;) mtHfs; jq;fSila kf;fs; gpwe;jfk; te;jjw;F> tUj;jkiltjw;Fg;

gjpyhf kfpo;r;rpaile;jhHfs;. NkYk;> $ba tpiutpy; [a;dg; mtHfSk; gpwe;jfk; mDg;gg;gl;L tpLthH vd;Wk;

vjpHghHj;jpUe;jhHfs;. jtpu mGy; M]; mtHfs; Fiu~pj; jiytHfs; nrhy;tJ Nghy; Nfl;L elf;f mg;nghOJ

ve;jtpj rl;lNkh> mtw;iw ,aw;wp eilKiwg;gLj;jf; $ba mjpfhuk; ngw;wtHfNsh fpilahJ.

,e;j epfo;TfspD}Nl K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfs;> kjpdhtpy; FbNawp jkJ J}Jj;Jtj;ij tYthf;fpf;

nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. mjd; gpd; Kd;idf; fhl;bYk; Fiu~pfs; kpfTk; gif nfhz;ltHfshf khwp> ,];yhk;

NkYk; gut tplhky; jLg;gjw;Fz;lhd Ntiyfspy; ,wq;fpdH. ,jd; mbg;gilapy; ,];yhkpag; gilAk;>

Fiu~pfspd; epuhfhpg;NghH gilAk; gj;H vd;Dk; ,lj;jpy; Nghiur; re;jpf;f Ntz;ba epHg;ge;jk; cz;lhfpaJ.

,e;jg; Nghhpy; fye;J nfhs;tjw;F mGy; M]; mtHfSf;F tpUg;gk; ,y;iy vdpDk;> me;jf; Fiu~pf;

Fyq;fspy; ,tH xU kjpg;Gkpf;ftuhf ,Ue;jikahy; fz;bg;ghf Nghhpy; fye;J nfhs;s Ntz;baJ

mtrpakhfpaJ. gj;Ug; Nghhpy; kf;fj;J epuhfhpg;ghsHfs; Njhy;tpiaj; jOtpf; nfhz;ljdhy;> gyH

nfhy;yg;gl;ldH> gyH rpiw gpbf;fg;gl;ldH. mt;thW rpiw gpbf;fg;gl;ltHfspy; egpfs; ehafk; (]y;) mtHfspd;

kUkfdhH kw;Wk; [a;dg; mtHfspd; fztduhd mGy; M]; mtHfSk; xUtuhf ,Ue;jhH.

xt;nthU gpizf;ifjpf;Fk; mtutH jFjpf;Fj; jf;fthW Mapuk; Kjy; ehd;fhapuk; jpH`k;fs; tiu egpfs;

ehafk; (]y;) mtHfs; epHzapj;jpUe;jhHfs;. ,jpy; xt;nthU FLk;gj;jtUk; jj;jkJ gpujpepjpfis kf;fhtpy;

,Ue;J gzaj; njhifAld; mDg;gp> gzj;ijr; nrYj;jp tpl;L rpiw gpbf;fg;gl;ltHfis kPl;Lr; nrd;W

nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. [a;dg; mtHfSk; jkJ fztdhiu kPl;f jk; rhHghf xUtiu gzaj; njhifAld; mDg;gp

itj;jpUe;jhHfs;. me;jg; gpujpepjp egpfs; ehafk; (]y;) mtHfsplk; te;J> mGy; M]; mtHfis kPl;Lr;

nry;tjw;fhd gzag; nghUSld; te;jhH. me;jg; gzag; nghUisg; ghHj;jTld;> egpfs; ehafk; (]y;) mtHfs;

czHr;rp trg;gl;ltuhf mtuJ Kfk; ftiyahy; thb Nrhfk; jJk;gp epd;wJ. Mk;> [a;dg; mtHfs; jk;

fztiu kPl;f> jkJ jhahH fjP[h mtHfs; ,wg;gjw;F Kd; jdf;F mspj;jpUe;j nef;yi] gzaj; njhifahf

mDg;gp ,Ue;jNj> egpfshhpd; ftiyf;Ff; fhuzkhFk;. K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mtHfs; jk; NjhoHfis Nehf;fpf;

$wpdhHfs; :

vdjUikj; NjhoHfNs> mGy; Mi] kPl;gjw;fhf [a;dg; ,e;jg; nghUisg; gzag; gzkhf mDg;gp cs;shH.

ePq;fs; tpUk;gpdhy;> ,tiu tpLjiy nra;J> ,e;jg; nghUisAk; mthplk; jpUg;gpf; nfhLj;J tpLq;fs;. ,y;iy

vdpy; ePqfs; tpUk;gpathW ele;J nfhs;syhk; vd;whHfs;.

egpfshhpd; kdr;Rikia fz;l mz;zyhhpd; NjhoHfs;> cq;fs; tpUg;gg;gbNa ehq;fs; nra;fpd;Nwhk; vd;W $wp>

mGy; M]; mtHfsp;d; gzaj; njhifiaj; jpUg;gpf; nfhLj;J tpl;ldH. mGy; M]; mtHfis tpLjiy

nra;tjw;F Kd;> jd; kfs; [adg; mtHfis jd;dplk; jpUg;gp mDg;gp tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;w epge;jidia>

mz;zyhH (]y;) mtHfs; mtUf;F tpjpj;jhHfs;.

kf;fhit mile;jTld;> mGy; M]; mtHfs; jk; JiztpahH [a;dg; mtHfis mioj;J> cq;fs;

jfg;gdhUila NjhoHfs; cq;fis kjpdhtpw;F mioj;Jr; nry;tjw;fhf fhj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs;. vdNt

jq;fs; nghUs;fis vLj;Jf; nfhz;L Gwg;glj; jahuhFq;fs; vd;W $wp> mtNu Kd;dpd;W [a;dg; mtHfspd;

nghUs;fis xl;lifapy; Vw;wp> jd; jkadhH mk;H ,g;D mHuhgpM mtHfis mioj;J> gj;jpukhf kf;fh

vy;iyapy; epw;Fk; egpfs; ehafk; (]y;) mtHfspd; NjhoHfsplk; xg;gilj;J tpl;L tUkhW mDg;gp

itf;fpd;whHfs;.

mk;H ,g;D mHuhgpM mtHfSk;> jk; Njhspd; kPJ mk;GfisAk;> tpy;iyAk; vLj;J itj;Jf; nfhz;L> me;jg;

Page 53: History of islamic army generals in tamil

gfy; Ntis Neuj;jpy;> kf;fhtpd; midj;J kf;fSk; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;f mtHfspd; Kd;ghfNt mioj;Jr;

nrd;W nfhz;bUf;fpd;whH.

,e;jf; fhl;rpiaf; fz;L nfhz;bUe;j Fiu~paHfs; Nfhgkile;jtHfshf> midtUk; xd;W $b> ,UtiuAk;

Juj;jpr; nrd;W> kf;fh vy;iyapy; itj;J ,il kwpf;f Kad;wdH. mk;H mtHfs; kpfTk; Nfhgkile;jtHfshf>

,iwtd; kPJ rj;jpakhf! vtuhtJ vq;fisj; jLf;f Kay;tPHfshdhy;> ,e;j mk;igf; nfhz;Nl cq;fisf;

nfhiy nra;J tpLNtd; vd;W jd;idj; jLf;f te;jtHfis vr;rhpf;if nra;jhHfs;.

mG R/g;ahd; ,g;D `j; vd;gtH mg;nghOJ kf;fh Fiu~pfspd; mzpapy; ,Ue;jtH> mk;iu mZfp> mk;ig

Kjypy; jho;j;jp tpl;L> ehq;fs; nrhy;tijr; rpwpJ nrtpkLj;Jf; Nfl;gPuhf vd;whHfs;. mk;H mtHfSk; Ngr;R

thHj;ijf;F rk;kjpj;jTld;> ePq;fs; ,g;nghOJ nra;J nfhz;bUg;gJ> mjhtJ ,t;tsT kf;fspd;

Kd;dpiyapYk; [a;dg; mtHfisf; $l;br; nrd;W kjpdj;Jj; J}JtHfsplk; xg;gilg;gJ vd;gJ xU mwpthHe;j

nrayy;y. rw;W rpy ehl;fSf;F Kd; gj;hpy; vd;d ele;jJ vd;gJk;> ,tuJ je;ijahy; ehk; ve;jsT

ghjpg;gpw;Fs;shNdhk; vd;gijAk; ePq;fs; mwpe;jpUg;gPHfs;. ,e;j epiyapy; ,tiu ePq;fs; K`k;kJ trk;

xg;gilf;f mioj;Jr; nry;tijg; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; kf;fs; ehk; mtUf;Fg; gae;J jhd; ,tiu mDg;gp

itf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;W ek;ik Vsdkhj; J}w;WthHfs;. vdNt ,g;nghOJ ePq;fs; ,tiu tPl;bw;F mioj;Jr;

nry;Yq;fs;. rpy ehl;fs; fopj;J ahUk; mwpahj tz;zk; ,uT Neuj;jpy; mioj;Jr; nrd;W K`k;kJ mtHfspd;

Ml;fsplk; xg;gilg;gjpy; vq;fSf;F ve;jtpj Ml;NrgidAk; ,y;iy vd;Wk;> NkYk; mtiuj; jLj;J itg;gjpy;

ekf;F ve;j yhgKk; ,y;iy vd;Wk; $wpdhH.

mG R.g;ahd; mtHfspd; ,e;j mwpTiuiaf; Nfl;l mk;H> [a;dg; mtHfis jpUk;gTk; kf;fhtpw;Fs; mioj;Jr;

nrd;W tpl;lhH. rpy ehl;fs; fopj;J> jd;Dila rNfhjuH jdf;Ff; fl;lisapl;lthW> xU ,utpy; ahUk; mwpah

tz;zk; [a;dg; mtHfis mioj;Jr; nrd;W> kf;fhtpd; ntspapy; fhj;jpUe;j egpfs; ehafk; (]y;) mtHfspd;

NjhoHfsplk; xg;gilj;J tpl;L te;jhH.

[a;dg; mtHfs; kjpdhTf;F mDg;gg;gl;L> gy Mz;Lfshf mk;H ,g;D M]; mtHfs; kf;fhtpNyNa jq;fp

tpl;lhHfs;. kf;fh ntw;wp nfhs;sg;gLtjw;F rw;W Kd;ghf rphpahtpw;Fr; nrd;W> tHj;jfj;ij Kbj;J tpl;L 100

xl;lif epiwa nghUl;fSlDk;> 170 Ml;fSlDk; mk;H ,g;D M]; mtHfs; kjpdhit Nehf;fp te;J

nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. kjpdhit ,e;jg; gazf; $l;lk; neUq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;j Ntisapy;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfspd; NjhoHfs; ,e;jf; $l;lj;ij jpBnudj; jhf;fp> nghUs;fisf; ifg;gw;wpf; nfhz;lNjhL> mjpy; ,Ue;j

Ml;fisAk; ifjpfshfg; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;. Mdhy; mGy; M]; mtHfNsh vg;gbNah jg;gpj;J> me;jf;

fhhpUs; Neuj;jpy; kpfTk; ftdkhf kjpdkh efUf;Fs; Eioe;J xUtopahf [a;dg; mtHfspd; tPl;il mile;J>

[a;dg; mtHfsplk; milf;fyk; NfhhpdhHfs;. [a;dg; mtHfSk; milf;fyk; je;JjtpdhHfs;.

mjpfhiy Neuk; kf;fs; Rg;`{j; njhOiff;fhff; $bdhHfs;. ehafj; jpUNkdp vk;ngUkhdhH (]y;)

mtHfSk;> njhoitf;fj; jahuhfp> my;yh`{ mf;gH vd;W jf;gPUk; nrhy;yp njhOifia Muk;gpj;J tpl;lhHfs;.

mg;nghOJ ngz;fs; gFjpapy; ,Ue;J> [a;dg; mtHfspd; Fuy; ,t;thW xypj;jJ. vdJ kf;fNs! ehd; [a;dg;>

K`k;kJ mtHfspd; kfshH NgRfpd;Nwd;. ehd; mGy; M]; vd;gtUf;F vd; tPl;by; milf;fyk;

je;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;. ePq;fSk; mtUf;F mgak; mspAq;fs;\> vd;W $wpdhH.

njhOifia Kbj;J tpl;L ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kf;fis Nehf;fpj; jpUk;gp> vdjUikj; NjhoHfNs> ehd;

nrtpNaw;wij ePq;fSk; nrtpNaw;wPHfsh? vd;W Nfl;lhHfs;. Mk;! ahu#Yy;yh`;> vd;W kf;fs; kWnkhop

gfHe;jhHfs;. vd;Dila capH vtd; iftrk; cs;sNjh me;j ,iwtd; kPJ rj;jpakhf! ePq;fSk; ehDk;

,g;nghOJ Nfl;ltw;iw> mij nrtpNaw;F Kd;G tiu ehd; mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. mtH K];ypk;fsplkpUe;J

ghJfhg;Gf; NfhhpapUf;fpd;whH.

tPl;bw;Fj; jpUk;gpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; topapy; jdjUik kfs; [a;dg; mtHfisg; ghHj;J> [a;dNg mGy; M];

mtHfSf;F tPl;bd; Xhplj;jpy; mtUf;fhf jdpaiw mikj;Jf; nfhLj;J> mtUf;F eP rl;lg;gb kidtpahdtuy;y

vd;gijAk; mtUf;Fj; njhptpj;J tpL vd;W $wpdhHfs;. mGy; M]; mtHfsJ gazf; $l;lj;ij Kw;Wifapl;L>

nghUs;fisAk;> ifjpfisAk; gpbj;J itj;jpUe;j jdJ NjhoHfisg; ghHj;J> mtH kPJ ,wf;fk;

fhl;LgtHfshf ,Ue;jhy;> ePq;fs; ifg;gw;wpapUf;Fk; mtuJ nghUs;fisj; jpUg;gpf; nfhLj;J tpLq;fs;> ehk;

Page 54: History of islamic army generals in tamil

,iwtdhy; mUs; nra;ag;gLNthk; vd;W $wptpl;L> mJty;yhky; ,jidr; nra;a rk;kjpf;fhjgl;rj;jpy;> mthplk;

,Ue;J ifg;gw;wg;gl;l nghUs;fs; ,iwtdhy; ekf;Fg; gad;gLj;j mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l NghHg; nghUs;fshf

MfptpLk; vd;Wk; ,iwj;J}jH mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;.

ehq;fs; ,e;jg; nghUl;fis mthplNk xg;gilj;J tpLfpd;Nwhk; vd;W egpj;NjhoHfs; kWnkhop gfHe;jhHfs;.

me;jj; NjhoHfs; mGy; M]; mtHfisg; ghHj;J> Fiu~paHfspy; ePq;fs; ey;y kdpjuhf ,Uf;fpd;wPH. mjpYk;

,iwj;J}jutHfspd; kUkfdhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wPH. ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpwPHfsh? vd;W $wptpl;L> ,e;jg;

nghUs;fis vy;yhk; cq;fsplk; xg;gilj;J tpLfpd;Nwhk;. vtw;iw vy;yhk; kf;fj;Jthrpfs; cq;fsplk;

xg;gilj;jpUf;fpd;whHfNsh mtw;iw itj;Jf; nfhz;L> kjpdhtpNyNa jq;fp> cq;fs; tpUg;gg;gb mtw;iw ePq;fs;

mDgtpj;Jf; nfhs;syhk; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

xU Gjpa khHf;fj;jpy; vd;id ,izj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; NghNj> gpwiu Nkhrb nra;J tpl;l ghtj;Jld; vd;id

mjpy; Eioj;Jf; nfhs;sr; nrhy;fpd;wPHfsh? vd;W mGy; M]; mtHfs; kpfTk; Nfhgkhff; Nfl;lhHfs;. ,e;j

epiyapy; mGy; M]; mtHfs;> kf;fhtpw;F jd;Dila tpahghug; nghUs;fSld; nrd;W> mtw;iw chpatHfsplk;

xg;gilj;J tpl;L> vd;Dila Fiu~p kf;fNs> vd;dplk; cq;fsJ gzj;ij xg;gilj;J tpl;L> ,d;Dk; ahUk;

mjidj; jpUk;gg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;shky; ,Uf;fpd;wPHfsh? vdf; Nfl;lhHfs;. ,y;iy> cq;fSf;F ,iwtd; mUs;

nra;al;Lk;> ePq;fs; NeHikahsuhfTk;> ed;dk;gpf;iff;FhpauhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wPHfs; vd;W Fiu~pfsplk; ,Ue;J

xUkpj;Jg; gjpy; te;jJ.

cq;fSf;F chpikahdit midj;ijAk; ehd; cq;fsplk; xg;gilj;J tpl;Nld;> ,g;nghOJ ehd;>

tzq;fj;jf;f ,iwtdhd my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtW ,iwtd; ,y;iy vd;Wk;> K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfs;

,iwtdpd; J}juhf ,Uf;fpd;whHfs; vd;W $wp> Fiu~paHfspd; Kd;ghfNt ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;

nfhs;fpd;whHfs;. ,iwtd; kPJ rj;jpakhf> cq;fsJ nghUl;fis ehd; mgfhpf;fj; jpl;lk; jPl;lbj;jhd; ehd;

kjpdh nrd;W ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;Nld; vd;W ePq;fs; kl;Lk; fUj khl;BHfs; vd;W ,Ue;jpUe;jhy;> ehd;

K`k;kJ mtHfSld; kjpdhtpy; ,Ue;j NghNj ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;bUg;Ngd; vd;Wk;> ,g;nghOJ

cq;fs; midtuJ nghUs;fisAk; ehd; Xg;gilj;J tpl;Nld;> ,g;nghOJ Kjy; ehd; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;

nfhz;l K];ypkhfp tpl;Nld; vd;W Fiu~paHfspd; Kd;ghfNt jd;Dila ,iwek;gpf;ifia

ntspg;gLj;jpdhHfs;.

mjd;gpd; mGy;M]; mtHfs; kjpdhtpw;Fj; jpUk;gp te;jJk;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; mGy;M]; mtHfis

vjpHnfhz;L tuNtw;W> [a;dg; mtHfisAk; jpUg;gp mtHfsplk; xg;gilj;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;> mtH vd;dplk; $wpajpy;> cz;ikAlDk;> mtH vd;dplk; rj;jpak; nra;jjpy; tha;ikAlDk;

ele;J nfhz;lhH vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

Page 55: History of islamic army generals in tamil

c]hkh gpd; i[j; (uyp)

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; :

''X vd;Dila NjhoHfNs..! cq;fs; midtiuf; fhl;bYk; c]hkh vdf;F kpfTk; neUf;fkhdtH> mtiu

ey;y Kiwapy; elj;Jq;fs;"".

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSk; mtHfSila NjhoHfSk; kjPdhtpw;F `p[;uj; nra;J gazg;gLtjw;F Kd;Ds;s

VO Mz;Lfspy;> Fiw\pfspd; iffspy; mfg;gl;L nrhy;nyhz;zh ,d;dy;fSf;Fk;> Jd;gq;fSf;Fk;>

rpj;jutijfSf;Fk; kw;Wk; mlf;FKiwfSf;Fk; Mshfpf; nfhz;be;jhHfs;. Fiw\pfsplkpUe;J te;J

nfhz;bUe;j Jd;gq;fSk;> ,lHfSk; Kbtpy;yhky; nrd;W nfhz;bUe;jd. ,e;j ,f;fl;lhd> vg;nghOJk;

Jaur; nra;jpfshfNt te;J nfhz;bUe;j Ntisapy;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; cs;sj;ijAk;>

tjdj;ijAk; Fspur; nra;fpd;wnjhU nra;jpia egpj;NjhoH ngUkf;fs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; nfhz;L

te;jhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs..! ck;K Ikd; (uyp) mtHfs; xU Mz; kfit

<d;nwLj;jpUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;w me;j ew;nra;jpiaf; Nfs;tpg;gl;lTld;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; Kfj;jpy;

ntspr;rg; Gs;spfs; gutp epd;wd. jd;Dila tuthy; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; Jd;g Kfj;jpy;> ,d;g

Nuiffis tpijj;J tpl;l ngWk; NgWf;FhpatH ahnud;W cq;fshy; A+fpf;f Kbfpd;wjh?

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; Kfj;jpy; gutp ,Ue;j me;j re;Njh\ Nuifis ghHj;j egpj;NjhoHfs; ahUk;

Mr;rhpag;glhky; ,Ue;jjpy;iy. Vndd;why;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;Fk;> me;j kfit <d;nwLj;j

FLk;gj;jpdUf;Fk; ,ilNa rpwg;ghd neUf;fkhdnjhU cwT ,Ue;J te;jNj fhuzkhFk;. c]hkh (uyp)

mtHfspd; jhahH Mg;hpf;fhtpypUe;J te;jtuhthH> mtuJ ,aw; ngaH guf;fj; vd;gjhFk;> Mdhy; gpd;dhspy;

mtH ck;K Ikd; vd;W rpwg;gpj;Jf; $wf; $ba Gfo; ngw;w egpj;Njhopahfj; jpfo;e;jhH. ,tH ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfsplk; mbikahfg; gzpahw;wpf; nfhz;bUe;jhH. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; jhahH> ,we;J Nghdjd;

gpd;G> rpWtdhf ,Ue;j ,iwj;J}jH(]y;) mtHfisf; ftdpj;J tsHf;Fk; nghWg;G ,tHfisr; rhHe;jpUe;jJ.

vdNt> ck;K Ikd; (uyp) mtHfs; vd;Dila jhiag; Nghd;wtHfs; vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; mbf;fb

$WtNjhL> vd;Dila FLk;g mq;fj;jtHfspy; mtUk; xUtuhthH vd;W $wf; $batHfshfTk; ,Ue;jhHfs;.

,JNt> Gjpjjhfg; gpwe;j me;j mjpH\;lKs;s kfTf;Fk;> mtuJ FLk;gj;jpdUf;Fk;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfSf;Fk; ,ilNa ,Ue;j njhlHghFk;. ,tuJ je;ijahhpd; ngaH i[j; gpd; `hhpjh (uyp) mtHfs;>

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfshy; kpfTk; Nerpf;fg;gl;ltuhfj; jpfo;e;jhHfs;. mj;Jld;> jdJ tsHg;G kfd; vd;Wk;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> i[j; gpd; `hhpjh (uyp) mtHfis mwptpj;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; md;dhuJ tho;ehs;

KOtJk; kpfTk; neUf;fkhd egpj;NjhoHfspd; thpirapy; xUtuhfTk;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis epoy; Nghy;

njhlHe;J nry;yf; $ba ngUik ngw;w NjhouhfTk; ,tH jpfo;e;jhH vd;gJk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kl;Lky;y> md;dhuJ NjhoHfs; midtUk; c]hkh gpd; i[j; (uyp) mtHfspd;

gpwg;ghy; kpfTk; re;Njh\kile;jpUe;jdH. mtHfsJ re;Njh\j;jpw;F mHj;jKkpUe;jJ> mjhtJ ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfis vJnthd;W re;Njh\g;gLj;jpaNjh> mJ jq;fisAk; re;Njh\g;gLj;jf; $baNj vd;W me;j

egpj;NjhoHfs; fUjp tho;e;jNj fhuzkhFk;.

Fiw\pfspd; jiytHfSs; xUtuhf ,Ue;j `fk; gpd; `];]hk; mtHfs;> xUKiw kpfTk; tpiyAaHe;j Mil

xd;iw ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;Fg; ghprhf mspj;jhH. ,jid 40 jpdhHfSf;F akd; Njrj;jpypUe;J thq;fp

te;jhH> mjpypUe;j jiyf;F mzpAk; fapwhdJ> akd; Njrj;J kd;dDf;nfd;W gpuj;Nafkhf

jahhpf;fg;gl;bUe;jij> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;fhf mtH thq;fp te;jpUe;jhH. ,e;j gpuj;Naf fapiw xNu

xU Kiw kl;LNk nts;spf; fpoikad;W mzpe;J tpl;L> mjid c]hkh (uyp) mtHfSf;Ff; nfhLj;J

tpl;lhHfs;. mjid fhiyapYk;> khiyapYk; re;Njh\j;Jld; mzpe;J te;j c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs;>

K`h[pHfs; kw;Wk; md;]hhpj; NjhoHfisr; re;jpf;Fk; Neuq;fspy; vy;yhk; mjid mzpe;J nry;yf;

$batuhfTk; ,Ue;jhH.

xUKiw fyP/gh ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> murpd; f[hdhtpypUe;J kf;fSf;F cjtpj; njhififis toq;fpf;

nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ c]hkh (uyp) mtHfspd; Kiw te;jJk;> jdJ kfDf;Ff; nfhLj;jijf;

fhl;bYk;> xd;wiu klq;F mjpfkhff; nfhLj;jhHfs;. murpd; f[hdhtpypUe;J kf;fSf;F cjtpj; njhifia

toq;Fk; nghOnjy;yhk;> mjidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $ba Njhohpd; mw;gzk;> ,];yhj;jpw;fhf mtH Ghpe;j

Page 56: History of islamic army generals in tamil

Nritfs; Mfpa midj;ijAk; ftdj;jpy; nfhz;L> mtHfsJ jFjpf;Fj; jFe;jthW cjtpj; njhifia

toq;ff; $batHfshf ckH (uyp) mtHfs; ,Ue;jhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ> ckH (uyp) mtHfsJ kfd; mg;Jy;yh ,g;D ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> jhd; ve;j tifapy; c]hkh

(uyp) it tpl juj;jpy; jho;e;J tpl;Nlhk;. jiyikf;Ff; fl;Lg;gLtjpYk;> fPo;g;gbtjpYk;> ,Jtiu

,];yhj;jpw;fhf fye;J nfhz;l NghHfspy; kw;wtHfisg; NghyNt jhDk; cj;Ntfj;Jld; fye;J

nfhz;lijAk;> mjpy; jhd; fhl;ba tPuj;ijAk;> my;yh`;tpw;fhf jhd; nra;j mw;gzpg;GfisAk; vz;zpf;

nfhz;L> c]hkh (uyp) mtHfis tpl jhd; ve;j tpjj;jpy; jho;e;J tpl;Nlhk; vd;W vz;zpg; ghHf;fyhdhH.

mg;Jy;yh ,g;D ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; Nrit> mw;gzpg;G kdg;ghd;ikAld; vg;nghOJk; Kd;dzpapy; epw;ff;

$batuhf ,Ue;jhH. vdNt> cjtpj; njhifia ehk; Fiwthfg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;NlhNk vd;gJ gw;wp mtH

rpe;jpf;ftpy;iy> khwhf> Kd;dzapy; ,Uf;Fk; egpj;NjhoHfspy; xUtdhf vd;idAk; ,d;Dk; fUJk; epiy

tutpy;iyNa> mj;jifa jFjpf;F ehd; ,d;Dk; NjHthftpy;iyNah vd;W jhd; mtHfs; kdk; tUe;jpdhHfNs

jtpu> cjtpj; njhifiaf; Fiwthfg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;NwhNk vd;gjw;fhf my;y.

xUehs;> mg;Jy;yh ,g;D ckH (uyp) mtHfs; jd;idr; rkhspj;Jf; nfhz;ltuhf> jd;Dila je;ijia

Nehf;fp>

je;ijNa..! ehd; [p`hJg; Nghhpy; mjpfkhfg; gq;nfLj;Jf; nfhz;ltd;> ,d;Dk; kw;wtHfisf; fhl;bYk;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F mjpfkhf vdJ xj;Jiog;Gfis toq;fpatd;> ,e;j epiyapy; vd;idf;

fhl;bYk; c]hkh (uyp) mtHfSf;F mjpfkhd cjtpj; njhifia ePq;fs; toq;fpajd; fhuznkd;d? vd;W

tpdTfpd;whHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ kfidg; ghHj;J>

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; c]hkh (uyp) mtHfis kpfTk; Mokhf Nerpj;jhHfs;> ,d;Dk; mtuJ je;ijAk;

mjpfkhf Nerpj;jhHfs;. ,j;jifatHfSf;F ehd; Vd; Kd;Dhpik nfhLf;ff; $lhJ? ehd; mjpfkhff;

nfhLj;Njd; jhd;. mjd; %yk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; Vw;gLj;jp itj;jpUf;fpd;w tiuaiwfis Ngzpf;

nfhz;Nld;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ahUf;F Kd;Dhpik toq;fpdhHfNsh> mtHfSf;F Kd;Dhpik

toq;Ftnjd;gJ vd;Dila flikfspy; xd;whf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. jdJ je;ij kw;Wk; FLk;gj;ijg; gw;wpAk;

ftiyg;glhky;> vg;nghOJk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;Fr; Nrit nra;tjpNyNa rpwg;Gf; ftdk; nrYj;jp

te;jtH> mtuJ je;ij vd;gJ cq;fSf;Fj; njhpahjh? mtH jdJ ngw;NwhHfisf; $l fhz tpUk;ghJ>

vg;nghOJk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSlNdNa ,Ue;J te;jtH vd;gJk; cq;fSf;Fj; njhpahjh?

i]j; (uyp) mtHfSila je;ij `hhpjh> jd;Dila kfidj; jpUk;g mioj;Jr; nry;tjw;fhf ePz;l J}uk;

fLikahd gazk; nra;J te;jhH. te;jtH> jdJ kfidj; jd;dplk; xg;gilf;FkhWk;> jd;Dld; mDg;gp

itf;FkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhH. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; i]j; (uyp) mtHfSf;F tpLjiy nra;jNjhL>

mtuJ je;ijAld; nry;YkhWk; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;. jd;Dila kfid ,e;jsT vspjhfj; jhd; jpUk;gg;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;Nthk; vd;gij epidj;Nj ghHj;jpuhj i]j; (uyp) mtHfSila je;ij `hhpjh kfpo;r;rpapd;

cr;rj;Jf;Nf nrd;W tpl;lhH. mtH jd;Dila kfdplk; $wpdhH> i]j;Nj..! tpiue;J gazj;jpw;Fj;

jahuhFq;fs;> cq;fisf; fhz cq;fsJ jhahH kpfTk; MtYld; epiy nfhs;shky; jtpj;Jf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;Wk; $wpdhH. Mdhy;> i]j; (uyp) mtHfNsh> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfis tpl;L

tpl;L jhd; cq;fSld; tu khl;Nld; vd;W cWjpahff; $wp tpLfpd;whHfs;.

`hhpjh mtHfs; jdJ fhijNa jd;dhy; ek;g Kbatpy;iy> mtH Nfl;lhH..!

tpLjiyia tpl> mbikj; jisapy; ,Ug;gijNa ePq;fs; tpUk;Gfpd;wPHfsh? vd;W jdJ kfidg; ghHj;Jf;

Nfl;l nghOJ> i]j; (uyp) mtHfs;>

je;ijNa..! ,e;j mbikj; jdj;Jf;fhf ehd; Mapuk; tpLjiyiaf; $l jpahfk; nra;af; fhj;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;>

jaT nra;J vd;id tw;GWj;jhjPHfs;. ehd; ,e;j tPl;by; tho;tij kpfg; ngUk; ghf;fpakhff; fUJfpd;Nwd;>

vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

,e;j czHr;rpfukhd ciuahliyf; ftdpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;>

`hhpjhNt..! i]j;ij vd;Dila kfdhf mwptpf;fpd;Nwd;> ,jw;F ePq;fNs rhl;rpahf ,Uq;fs;> ,dp ,tH

vdJ FLk;gj;ijr; NrHe;jtH> ehd; mtuJ FLk;gj;ijr; NrHe;jtH vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

Page 57: History of islamic army generals in tamil

,e;j epfo;r;rpf;Fg; gpd;> i]j; (uyp) mtHfis egpj;NjhoHfs; midtUk;> i]j; gpd; K`k;kj; (uyp) vd;Nw

miof;fj; Jtq;fpdhHfs;. ,e;jg; gof;fkhdJ> ,iwtrdk; %ykhfj; jil nra;ag;gl;lJ> tsHg;Gj;

je;ijahdtH nrhe;j je;ijahf khl;lhH> jdJ ngaUf;Fg; gpd;dhy; tsHg;Gj; je;ijapd; ngaiu ,izj;Jf;

$Wtij> me;j trdk; jil nra;jjpypUe;J> ,e;jg; gof;fk; iftplg;gl;lJ.

c]hkh (uyp) Mg;hpf;fh ehl;ilr; NrHe;jtuhf ,Ue;jikahy;> mtuJ Njhypd; epwk; fWg;ghf ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy;>

,j;jifa epw kw;Wk; ,d Ntw;Wikfisf; fhuzkhf itj;J> kdpjHfs; jq;fSf;Fs; ghFghL fhl;bf;

nfhs;tij ,];yhk; kpfTk; td;ikahf fz;bg;gNjhL> mj;jifa nray;fis jilAk; nra;jpUf;fpd;wJ.

xUtuJ fz;zpaj;ij msg;gjw;Fhpa fUtpahf vJ ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;W nrhd;dhy;> mtuJ ,iwar;rk;>

,iwek;gpf;if> NeHik Nghd;w ew;Fzq;fNs jtpu> gpwg;gpdhNyh my;yJ Njr milahsj;jpdhNyh xUtUf;F

rpwg;G te;JtpLtJ fpilahJ. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; :

''xU kdpjH mOf;file;j epiyapy;> KOtJk; J}rp gbe;j epiyapy; ,Ue;J nfhz;L> me;j Neuj;jpy;

(jd;Dila ,iwtdhd) my;yh`;it mioj;Jg; gpuhHj;jpj;jhYk;> mtuJ gpuhHj;jidf;F gjpyspf;ff;

$batdhf (my;yh`;) ,Uf;fpd;whd;"".

c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs; vd;d epwj;jpy; ,Ue;jhH vd;gijg; ghHf;f Ntz;lhk;> mtuJ ew;Fzq;fisAk;>

Gj;jprhJHaj;ijAk;> cWjpahd jd;ikiaAk;> mlf;fkhd jd;ikiaAk;> Ra khpahijf; Fzj;ijAk;>

,iwar;rj;ijAk;> [p`hjpy; fye;J nfhs;tjw;fhd MHtj;ijAk;> cgrhpf;Fk; jd;ikiaAk;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs; kPJ itj;jpUf;fpd;w msg;ghpa md;igAk;> ,];yhj;jpw;fhf vijAk; jpahfk; nra;tjw;Fj; Jzpe;J epw;Fk;

mtuJ kd cWjpiaAk; jhd; ghHf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,j;jifa ew;Fzq;fs; jhd; c]hkh (uyp) mtHfis

kw;wtHfisf; fhl;bYk; NtWgphpj;Jf; fhz;gpj;J epd;wJ. ,jd; fhuzkhfj; jhd; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd;

jpUtjdq;fspdhy;> fPo;f;fz;l ew;rhd;Wf;F chpj;jhdtHfshfj; jpfo;e;jhHfs; c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; :

''X vd;Dila NjhoHfNs..! cq;fs; midtiuf; fhl;bYk; c]hkh vdf;F kpfTk; neUf;fkhdtH> mtiu

ey;y Kiwapy; elj;Jq;fs;"".

c]hkh (uyp) mtHfSf;F mg;nghOJ ,UgNj taJ jhd; epuk;gpapUe;jJ. thypgg; gUtk; mUk;G tpl;L jJk;gf;

$ba gUtkJ. mtuJ Njhw;wk; fUiziag; nghoptjhf ,Ue;jJ. gpugykhd jiyrpwe;j egpj;NjhoHfshfpa

mGgf;fH rpj;jPf; (uyp)> ckH (uyp) ,d;Dk; ,tHfisg; Nghd;w gyH ,tiuj; jsgjpahf Vw;W mzptFf;f>

kpfTk; nghWg;G tha;e;j ,d;Dk; Mgj;J kpFe;jnjhU gzpf;F ,sik jJk;Gk; ,e;jj; Njhoiu ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfs; mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. mDgtkpy;yhj ,d;Dk; ,g;nghOJ jhd; thypgj;ijj; njhl;bUf;fpd;w

,tiuj; jsgjpahf epakpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wNj vd;W %j;j egpj;NjhoHfs; epidj;jhHfs;.

,d;Dk;> c]hkh (uyp) mtHfsJ jiyikapy; gilazp Gwg;gLtjw;F Kd;ghfNt ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

kuzj;ijj; jOtp tpl;lhHfs;> Mdhy; mtHfs; ,wg;gjw;F Kd;dhy;..> ve;j epiyapYk; c]hkh (uyp) mtHfspd;

jiyikapy; ehd; epakpj;j gilia epWj;jf; $lhJ> me;jg; gil ve;jg; gzpf;fhf epakpf;fg;gl;lNjh> me;jg;

gzpf;F jpl;lkpl;lgb mjd; gazk; njhlu Ntz;Lk;> mJ mila Ntz;ba ,lj;ij mile;Nj Mf Ntz;Lk;

vd;W $wp tpl;lhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,wg;gjw;F Kd; $wpr; nrd;wgb> c]hkh (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikapy; Kjy;

fyP/ghthd mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; gilia mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,we;j nra;jpia Nuhk kd;dd; Nfs;tpg;gl;lhd;> mj;Jld; c]hkh (uyp) mtHfsJ

jiyikapy; gil xd;W Gwg;gl;L> jhf;Fjtw;Fj; jahuhd epiyapy; rphpahtpd; vy;iyapy; mzp tFj;J

epw;gjhfTk; mwpe;J nfhs;fpd;whd;. kpfTk; Mr;rhpag;gl;Lg; Nghd me;j Nuhk kd;dd;> mtHfsJ J}jH K`k;kJ

,we;jjd; gpd;Gk; ve;j eltbf;ifiaAk; iftplhky; njhlHfpd;whHfNs..! vd;d kdpjHfs; ,tHfs;..! vd;whd;

Mr;rhpaj;NjhL..!

K];ypk;fspd; ,e;j eltbf;if> Nuhkg;gilfis kdjstpy; Nfhioj;jdj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaNjhL> kd;dDk; ,Nj

epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gl;lhd;. ,dpnahU Kiw rphpahtpd; topahf mNugpahitj; jhf;Fk; vz;zj;Jld; giliaj;

jpul;l Kbahj msTf;F> K];ypk;fspd; Nkd;ikAk;> mtHfsJ jd;dk;gpf;ifAk; me;j Nuhkg; gilfis

ntFthfg; ghjpj;J tpl;lJ. c]hkh (uyp) mtHfsJ jiyikapy; nrd;w gil ,iwtdJ khngUk;

Page 58: History of islamic army generals in tamil

fUizapdhy; kpfg; ngUk; ntw;wpiag; ngw;wJ. Nuhkg; gilfs; fLikahd ,og;igr; re;jpj;jd. mNjNtisapy;

K];ypk;fspd; jug;gpy; xU tPuH $l ,of;fg;glhj epiyapy; jhafk; jpUk;gpdhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,wg;gjw;F Kd;dhs;> c]hkh (uyp) mtHfis xU gilf;Fj; jiyikNaw;f

itj;J mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. mtH vjphpia vjpHj;Jf; fsk; GFe;jNjhL> ntw;wp ngw;W kjPdh jpUk;gpdhH. ,e;jr;

nra;jpiaf; Nfs;tpg;gl;l ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kpFe;j re;Njh\k; mile;jNjhL> c]hkh (uyp)

mtHfisj; jdjUfpy; mioj;J mku itj;Jf; nfhz;L>

c]hkhNt..! Nghhpd; nghOJ vd;d ele;jJ vd;gij ,iltplhJ vdf;Ff; $WtPHfshf..! vd;whHfs;.

vjphpg; gilapdH Njhw;W Xbf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;> mt;thW Njhw;W Xbf; nfhz;bUe;jtHfspy; xUtiu ehd;

tpul;bg; gpbj;Njd;. vd;Dila cil this mtuJ gf;fk; jpUg;gpaTld;> me;j kdpjH ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;

nfhs;tjhff; $wp fypkhit Kd; nkhope;jhH. Mdhy;> ehd; mtiuf; nfhd;W tpl;Nld;.

c]hkh (uyp) mtHfspd; ,e;jg; NghH tHzidfisf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

re;Njh\g;gltpy;iy> $wpdhHfs;...!

c]hkhNt..! ''tzf;fj;jpw;Fhpa ,iwtd; my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtW ahUkpy;iy"" vd;W mtH $wp gpd;Gkh ePq;fs;

mtiuf; nfhd;wPHfs;? my;yh`;it jdJ ,iwtdhf Vw;Wf; nfhz;l kdpjH xUtiuf; nfhy;Yk; mjpfk;

cq;fSf;F vq;fpUe;J te;jJ? epahaj; jPHg;G ehspy; ,J gw;wp ,iwtd; Nfl;ff; $ba Nfs;tpf;F ePq;fs; vd;d

gjpiy itj;jpUf;fpd;wPHfs;?

X..! vd;d fhhpak; nra;J tpl;BHfs; c]hkhNt..! cz;ikapNyNa ehd; kpfTk; Ntjidg;gLfpd;Nwd;..!

vd;whHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; ,e;j Ntjid jUk; thHj;ijfis jdJ kdf; fz; Kd; epWj;jp>

Ntjidg;gl;lhHfs;. ,d;Dk;> ehd; ,jw;F Kd; nra;jpUf;fpd;w mj;jid ed;ikfSk; gwpNgha; tpl;ldNth vd;W

Mjq;fg;gl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,e;jr; rk;gtj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dhy; xU KbTf;F te;jtHfshf> ',dpNky; vd;

tho;ehspy; rj;jpaj;jpw;Fr; rhd;W gfd;w vtH kPJk; ehd; vdJ thisj; J}f;f khl;Nld;" vd;W rj;jpak; nra;J

nfhz;lhHfs;. ,e;jr; rk;gtk; mtuJ tho;ehs; KOtJk; mtuJ Qhgfg;gug;gpy; te;J te;J Ngha;f;

nfhz;bUe;jJ. kwf;f Kbahj epidtiyfsha; MdJ.

c]hkh (uyp) mtHfshy; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;l me;j egH> K];ypk;fSf;Ff; fLk; Jd;gk; nfhLj;Jf;

nfhz;bUe;j fhuzj;jhy; jhd; c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs; ,e;j Kbtpid vLj;jhHfs;. me;j egH> jdJ ths;

KidapypUe;J jg;gpj;J> kPz;Lk; K];ypk;fisj; jhf;Ftjw;Fz;lhd re;jHg;gk; fpilf;Fk; tiuf;Fk;> capH

tho;tjw;fhfNt c]hkh (uyp) mtHfspd; thSf;Ff; fPohf ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ rj;jpa ,];yhj;jpw;Fr; rhd;W

gfuf; $ba fypkhit Kd; nkhope;jpUf;fpd;whH vd;W c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs; epidj;Jf; nfhz;lNj> ,e;jr;

rk;gtk; eilngwf; fhuzkhf ,Ue;jJ.

vdNt> jhd; md;wpypUe;J c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs; xU KbTf;F te;jhHfs;> ,dp ve;jr; re;jHg;gj;jpYk;>

rj;jpaj;jpw;Fr; rhd;W gfHe;j kdpjHfSf;F vjpuhf – xU K/kpDf;F vjpuhfj; jdJ thisj; J}f;Ftjpy;iy

vd;w Kbtpid jdJ ,jag; gug;gpy; ePq;fhj ,lj;jpy; Gijj;J itj;jpUe;jhHfs;. NkYk;> jdJ tho;ehspy;

Vw;gl;l mj;jid Nrhjidahd jUzq;fspYk; $l mjid mbf;fb kPl;bg; ghHg;gtHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;.

myp (uyp) mtHfSf;Fk; mkpH KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;Fk; ,ilNa Vw;gl;l fUj;JNtWghLfspd; fhuzkhf

Vw;gl;l fLikahd re;jHg;gq;fspy;> c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs; ,jpy; jiyaplhky; xJq;fpNa ,Ue;jhHfs;. myp

(uyp) mtHfis kpfTk; mjpfkhf Nerpf;ff; $batHfshf ,Ug;gpDk; $l> myp (uyp) mtHfSf;Fr; rhHghf

fsj;jpy; ,wq;f Kd;tutpy;iy. fhuzk;> myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhf fsj;jpy; ,Ug;gtUk; xU K];ypk;

vd;gNj fhuzkhFk;. vdNt> c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs; myp (uyp) mtHfSf;F xU fbjj;ij vOjp> mjpy;

,t;thW Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhHfs; :

myp (uyp) mtHfNs..!

'',uj;j ntwp nfhz;l rpq;fj;jpd; Nfhug;gw;fSf;F ,ilNa khl;bf; nfhz;BHfs; vd;W nrhd;dhy;> cq;fsJ

gilAld; ,ize;J nfhz;L> cq;fSld; ,ize;J NghH nra;aj; jahuhf ,Uf;fpd;Nwd;> Mdhy; ,d;W

eilngw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; epiyikiag; nghWj;jtiu> vd;id kd;dpj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. ve;j K];ypikAk;

Page 59: History of islamic army generals in tamil

vjpHj;J vdJ ths; NghhplhJ. 'tzq;fj;jf;f ,iwtd; my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtWahUkpy;iy" vd;W

rj;jpaj;jpw;Fr; rhd;W gfHe;j kdpjd; xUtid ehd; nfhd;w rk;gtj;jpd; %yk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

vdf;Ff; fw;Wf; nfhLj;j ghlj;ij ehd; ,d;Wk; kwf;ftpy;iy"".

vdNt> kjpdhtpy; Vw;gl;bUe;j Fog;gkhd ,e;j fhyfl;lj;jpy;> gyH KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhf c]hkh

(uyp) mtHfis ,Of;f Kide;j nghOJk;> c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs;> mjw;F ,zq;f kWj;Nj tpl;lhHfs;.

mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; :

'tzq;fj;jf;f ,iwtd; my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtWahUkpy;iy" vd;W rj;jpaj;jpw;Fr; rhd;W gfHe;j ve;j

K];ypkpw;F vjpuhfTk; ehd; Nghuhl khl;Nld;> ,JNt vd;Dila ,Wjp KbthFk;" vd;W $wp tpl;lhHfs;.

/gpj;dh(Fog;gKk;> fyfKk;) ePq;fp my;yh`;Tf;Nf khHf;fk; vd;gJ cWjpahFk; tiu> ePq;fs; mtHfSld;

NghhpLq;fs;. Mdhy; mtHfs; xJq;fp tpLthHfshdhy; - mf;fpukf;fhuHfs; jtpu (NtW vtUlDk;) gif

(nfhz;L NghH nra;jy;) $lhJ. (2:193)

,tUila NjhoH xUtH Nkw;fz;l trdj;ijf; Fwpg;gpl;L> KMtpah (uyp) mtHfSf;F vjpuhfg; NghH nra;a

mioj;j nghOJ>

,J ,iwepuhfhpg;ghsHfis vjpHj;Jg; NghuhLtjw;fhf ,wf;fg;gl;l trdkhFk;> NkYk; K];ypk;fs; midtUk;

xd;W NrHe;J jq;fsJ khHf;fj;ijg; gpd;gw;wp> ,];yhk; midj;J khHf;fq;fisAk; kpiff;Fk; tiuf;Fk;

mtHfis vjpHj;Jg; Nghuhl Ntz;Lk; vd;W jhd; fl;lisapLfpd;wNjh xopa> K];ypk;fis vjpHj;Jg;

NghuhLtjw;fhf ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l trdky;y ,J vd;W $wp tpl;lhHfs;.

c`Jg; NghUf;F c]hkh gpd; i]j; (uyp) mtHfs; jd;Dila taijnahj;j rpWtHfSld; fpsk;gpdhHfs;.

mtHfspy; rpyiug; Nghhpy; fye;J nfhs;tjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gl;lhHfs;> Mdhy; c]hkh (uyp) mtHfisAk;

mtHfSld; nrd;w rpyiuAk; Fiwe;j tajpd; fhuzkhf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jpUg;gp mDg;gp tpl;lhHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; jiyikapy; epd;W NghH nra;Ak; tha;g;G gwpNgha; tpl;lNj vd;Wk;> Nghhpy; fye;J

nfhs;s tplhky; jd;idj; jpUg;gp mDg;gp tpl;lhHfNs vd;Wk; c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs; fz;zPUld; tPL

jpUk;gpdhHfs;.

m`;]hg; Nghhpy; fye;J nfhs;SkhW miog;G tpLf;fg;gl;l NghJ> vq;Nf rpWtd; vd;W $wp ,g;nghOJk;

jd;id jpUg;gp mDg;gp tpLthHfNsh vd;W mr;rk; nfhz;l c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs;> jdJ Kd;ghjq;fis

Cz;wpf; nfhz;L> jd;id caukhff; fhl;bf; nfhz;L ele;J te;jhHfs;. ,jidg; ghHj;j ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs; rphpj;Jf; nfhz;Nl> Nghhpy; fye;J nfhs;s mDkjp je;J tpl;lhHfs;. mg;nghOJ mtUf;F gjpide;J

taJ jhd; MfpapUe;jJ.

`{idd; Aj;jj;jpy; K];ypk;fs; fLikahd ghjpg;ig vjpHnfhz;L> Njhy;tpaile;J tpLtNkh vd;w epiyapy;

,Ue;j nghOJ> kuz gaj;ijAk; nghUl;gLj;jhky; c]hkh> (uyp)> mg;gh]; (uyp)> mG+ R/g;ahd; (uyp) kw;Wk;

,d;Dk; rpy egpj;NjhoHfs; fsj;jpy; epd;W Nghuhbf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ fPof;fz;l nra;jpia

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; vjphpfSf;F cuj;Jr; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhHfs;.

''ehd; my;yh`;tpd; J}juhNtd;> ,J ngha;ay;y>

ehd; mg;Jy; Kj;jypg; (rNfhjudpd;) kfdhNtd;"".

Kmj;jh Nghhpy; c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ je;ij i]j; gpd; `hhpjh (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikapd; fPo;

epd;W NghuhbdhHfs;. mg;nghOJ c]hkh (uyp) mtHfSf;F gjpndl;L taNj MfpapUe;jJ. me;jg; Nghhpy;

jdJ je;ij jdJ fz;nzjphpNyNa tPu kuzk; mile;jijg; ghHj;j mtHfs;> jdJ tPuj;ijAk;>

ijhpaj;ijAk; ,oe;J tpltpy;iy> khwhf> [h/gH gpd; mg;Jy; Kj;jypg; (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikapd; fPo;

Nghhpl;L> mtUk; tPu kuzk; milAk; tiuf;Fk; NghuhbdhHfs;. gpd; mg;Jy;yh gpd; uth`h (uyp) mtHfs;

mtHfs; jiyikg; nghWg;ig Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. mtHfSk; ntFtpiutpNyNa tPukuzk; mile;J

nfhz;lhHfs;. gpd; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs; nghWg;ig Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp)

mtHfspd; fl;lisia rpuNkw;nfhz;L c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs; fsj;jpy; epd;W NghuhbdhHfs;. NuhkHfSld;

ele;j me;jg; Nghhpy;> gyj;j Nrjq;fSf;fpilapy; vjphpfspld; khl;bf; nfhz;l K];ypk;fis> mtHfsJ

fpLf;fpg;gpbj; jhf;Fjy;fspypUe;J ghJfhj;J ey;yKiwapy; gilia kPl;bf; nfhz;L te;jhHfs; fhypj; gpd; tyPj;

(uyp) mtHfs;. ,e;jg; Nghhpy; ,we;j tpl;l jdJ je;ijia rphpahtpNyNa ey;ylf;fk; nra;J tpl;L>

Page 60: History of islamic army generals in tamil

kjPdhtpw;Fj; jpUk;gpdhHfs; c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs;.

`p[;hp 11 Mk; Mz;L ]/gH khjk; NuhkHfSld; NghH nra;tjw;fhf xU gilia ,iwj;J}jH(]y;) mtHfs;

jahhpj;jhHfs;. ,e;jg; NghUf;fhd gilapy; kpfg; gpugykhd egpj;NjhoHfshfpa mGgf;fH (uyp)> ckH (uyp)> ]mj;

gpd; mgPtf;fh]; (uyp) kw;Wk; mG+ cigjh gpd; my; [Huh`; (uyp) Nghd;wtHfs; fye;J nfhz;bUf;f> me;jg;

gilf;fhd jiyikj; jsgjpg; nghWg;Gf;F c]hkh gpd; i]j; (uyp) mtHfs; epakpf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. mg;nghOJ

c]hkh (uyp) mtHfSf;F ,UgJ taNj MfpapUe;jJ. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfshy; jsgjpg; nghWg;G

toq;fg;gl;l c]hkh (uyp) mtHfspd; gilf;F> gyfh vd;w ,lj;ij ntw;wp nfhs;Sk; nghWg;G toq;fg;gl;lJ.

,e;jg; gil kjPdhit tpl;Lk; fpsk;Gjtw;F Kd;Ng ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; RftPdKw;whHfs;. ,d;Dk;

mtHfsJ cly; epiy kpfTk; Nkhrkhdjd; fhuzj;jhy;> me;jg; gil kjPdhit tpl;Lk; fpsk;gtpy;iy. ,ijg;

gw;wp c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs; $Wk; nghOJ>

'',iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kpfTk; RftPdkile;J nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;> me;j epiyapy; ehd; mtHfisg;

ghHf;fr; nrd;Nwd;. Nehapd; fLikapd; fhuzkhf mtHfs; kpfTk; gytPdkhd epiyapy;> mikjpahf

,Ue;jhHfs;. jdJ ifia caHj;jp vdJ Njhspd; kPJ itj;jhHfs;> vdf;fhf mtHfs; ,iwtdplk;

gpuhHj;jid nra;fpd;whHfs; vd;gij ehd; Ghpe;J nfhz;Nld;"".

,jd; gpd;G> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,we;J tpl;lhHfs;. mjd; gpd;G> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; Gjpa fyP/gh

(Ml;rpahsH) thfg; nghWg;Ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. egpj;NjhoHfs; midtUk; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsplk; igmj;

vd;w cWjpg; gpukhzj;ij vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;. Ml;rpg; nghWg;ig Vw;Wf; nfhz;l mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;>

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfshy; c]hkh (uyp) mtHfis jsgjpah epakjpj;J mDg;Gtjw;fhfj; jahH nra;ag;gl;l

gil kjPdhit tpl;Lk; fpsk;gl;Lk; vd;w cj;juitg; gpwg;gpj;jhHfs;. Mdhy;> ,e;jg; gil rw;W jhkjpj;Jr;

nry;tJ ey;yJ vd;W rpy egpj;NjhoHfs; fUjpdhHfs;. md;]hH NjhoHfs; ckH (uyp) mtHfisr; re;jpj;J>

,J Fwpj;J mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsplk; NgRkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,e;jg; gilia ,g;nghOJ mDg;g

Ntz;Lnkd;W nrhd;dhy;> c]hkh (uyp) mtHfSf;Fg; gjpyhf tajpYk;> mDgtj;jpYk; %j;j xUtiu

nghWg;gpy; epakpj;J gilia mDg;gp itf;FkhW> mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsplk; $WkhW mtHfs; mwpTWj;jpdhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfsplkpUe;J ,e;j mwpTiuiaf; Nfl;l mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; kpfTk; Nfhgkile;jtHfshf>

''X ,g;D fj;jhg;..! ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ,e;jg; gilf;Fj; jsgjpahf c]hkh (uyp) mtHfis

epakpj;jpUf;f> mtiu ePf;fp tpl;L mtuJ ,lj;jpy; ,d;ndhUtiu epakpf;fr; nrhy;Yk; cq;fsJ mwpTiu>

cz;ikapNyNa Ntjidf;FhpaJ. ,iwtd; kPJ rj;jpakhf> vd;dhy; mtiu ePf;fp tpl;L mtuJ ,lj;jpy;

,d;ndhUtiu epakpf;f KbahJ!"".

ckH (uyp) mtHfs; jpUk;gp te;j nghOJ> ele;jtw;iwg; gw;wp Vida NjhoHfs; tprhhpj;j nghOJ> c]hkh

(uyp) mtHfisj; jsgjpahf Vw;Wf; nfhs;tijj; jtpu NtW topapy;iy. NkYk;> ,J Fwpj;J ehd; fyP/gh

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsplk; Nfl;l nghOJ> mtHfs; kpfTk; Nfhgile;J tpl;lhHfs; vd;Wk; mtHfsplk; $wpdhH.

c]hkh (uyp) mtHfspd; jiykapy; mikf;fg;gl;l me;jg; gil ,g;nghOJ kjPdhit tpl;Lk; fpsk;gpaJ.

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; me;jg; gilAld; rpwpJ J}uk; ele;J nrd;W> gilapdH vt;thW ele;J nfhs;fpd;whHfs;

vd;gijg; ghHitapl;ltHfshfr; nrd;whHfs;. mg;nghOJ c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ Fjpiuapd; kPNjwpr;

nrd;W nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ :

X..! fyp/gh mtHfNs..! xd;W ePq;fs; ,e;jf; Fjpiuapd; kPNjwp thUq;fs; my;yJ ehd; fPopwq;fp cq;fSld;

ele;J tUfpd;Nwd;"" vd;whHfs; c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs;.

mg;nghOJ mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; :

''ePq;fs; FjpiuapypUe;Jk; ,wq;f Ntz;lhk;> ,d;Dk; ehd; Fjpiuapd; kPJk; Vw Ntz;lhk;. my;yh`;tpd;

ghijapy; ele;J nrd;W mjd; %yk; J}rpiaAk;> mOf;ifAk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjd; %yk; mtdJ

jpUg;nghUj;jj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l fz;zpakpf;ftHfSld; ehDk; xUtdhf ,Uf;f Ntz;lhkh?"".

kjPdhtpd; GwefHg; gFjpapd; rw;W J}uk; tiuf;Fk; gilAld; nrd;w mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; gpd;G> c]hkh (uyp)

mtHfSf;Fk; Vida NjhoHfSf;Fk; gphpah tpil nfhLj;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ>

''c]khNt..! ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; cq;fSf;Ff; $wpa mwpTiufspd;gb ele;J nfhs;Sq;fs;"" vd;W

Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;. gpd;G> mtHfsJ fhJf;fUfpy; nrd;w mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;>

Page 61: History of islamic army generals in tamil

cq;fSld; ckH (uyp) mtHfis mioj;Jr; nry;yhky; mtiu ,q;F tpl;L tpl;Lr; nry;tJ kpfTk; ey;yjhf

,Uf;Fk;. Gjpjhf Ml;rpg; nghWg;ig Vw;wpUf;Fk; vd;Dld; mtH ,Ug;gJ kpfTk; mtrpakhdnjhd;nwd ehd;

fUJfpd;Nwd; vd;whHfs;.

,jw;Fr; rk;kjpj;j c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs;> ckH (uyp) mtHfs; kjPdhtpNyNa ,Ue;J mGgf;fH (uyp)

mtHfSf;F cjtpfukhf ,Ue;J nfhs;sl;Lk; vd;W $wp> ckH (uyp) mtHfs; kjPdhtpNyNa ,Ue;J

nfhs;sl;Lk; vd;W cj;jutpl;lhHfs;.

,g;nghOJ c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs; kjPdhit tpl;Lk; ntspNa te;J tpl;lNjhL> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

$wpa mwpTiufspd;gb> mjpy; vjidAk; tpl;L tplhJ mjid epiwNtw;wp ntw;wp ngWtjw;Fz;lhd midj;J

Kaw;rpfisAk; Nkw;nfhz;lhHfs;. jq;fsJ Kjy; eltbf;ifahd rphpahitf; ifg;gw;wpdhHfs;. ,jpy; gyfh

kw;Wk; ghy];jPdpd; xU gFjp vd;W K];ypk;fspd; trk; tPo;e;jd. K];ypk;fisg; gw;wpa gak; NuhkHfis Ml;

nfhs;s Muk;gpj;jJ. neQ;rq;fs; mr;rj;jhy; epuk;gp topa Muk;gpj;jd. NuhkHfis c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs;

Njhy;tpAwr; nra;jhHfs;.

ntw;wp ngw;wjd; gpd;dhs;> jdJ je;ijapd; Fjpiuapd; kPNjwp kpfTk; ghJfhg;ghf kjPdh te;J NrHe;jNjhL>

mjpfkhd NghHr; nry;tq;fisAk; jd;Dld; kjPdhtpw;F vLj;J te;jhHfs;. md;iwa fhyj;jpy; ele;j NghHfspy;

fpilj;j NghHr; nry;tq;fspy; vy;yhtw;iwAk; tpl> c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs; jsgjpahff; fye;J nfhz;l ,e;jg;

Nghhpy; jhd; mjpfkhf nry;tq;fs; ngwg;gl;ljhf tuyhW $Wfpd;wJ.

,e;j ntw;wpapd; gpd;dhs;> K];ypk;fs; midtUk; c]hkh (uyp) mtHfspd; jpwikiaf; fz;L nfhz;lNjhL>

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; NjHT kpfr; rhpahdNj vd;Wk;> ,e;jf; fz;zpak; ahTk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfSf;Nf chpj;jhdJ vd;W vz;zpf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) jdJ Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpd; nghOJ c]hkh (uyp) mtHfSf;F mjpfkhd cjtpj; njhiffis

toq;fpdhHfs;. ,jidf; fz;l ckH (uyp) mtHfsJ kfd; mg;Jy;yh gpd; ckH (uyp) Ml;Nrgk;

njhptpj;jhHfs;. c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs; Ie;jhapuk; jpdhHfis cjtpj; njhifahfg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;

mNjNtisapy;> mg;Jy;yh gpd; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; ,uz;lhapuk; jpdhHfis cjtpj; njhifahfg; ngw;W

te;jhHfs;. vdNt> jd;id jdJ je;ij c]hkhit tpl kpfTk; juj;jpy; jho;j;jp itj;Js;shHfNs vd;W

fUjpdhHfs;. ,d;Dk; ehd; c]hkhitg; NghyNt mjpfkhd NghHfspYk; fye;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;NwNd..! gpd;

vdf;F kl;Lk; Vd; Fiwe;j njhif vd;W Nfl;lhHfs;.

mjw;F ckH (uyp) mtHfs;> cdJ je;ijia tpl c]hkhtpd; je;ij ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F kpfTk;

neUf;fkhdtH. ,d;Dk; c]hkhTk; $l cq;fis tpl ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F kpfTk; neUf;fkhdtH.

jdJ je;ijaplk; fpilj;j ,e;jg; gjpypd; %ykhf> mg;Jy;yh gpd; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; mikjpaile;jhHfs;.

jdf;F epHzapf;fg;gl;l njhifia jpUg;jpAld; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

vg;nghOnjy;yhk; ckH (uyp) mtHfs; c]hkh (uyp) mtHfisr; re;jpf;fpd;whHfNsh mg;nghOnjy;yhk;>

''jiytNu..! cq;fsJ tuT ey;tuthFf..!""

vd;W $wf; $batHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;.

ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; ,e;jr; nraiyg; ghHj;j egpj;NjhoHfs; gyH ,jw;fhd fhuzj;ij tpdtpa nghOJ>

cq;fSf;Fj; njhpahjh vd;d? ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; xU NghUf;F ,tiuj; jiyikj; jsgjpahf

epakpj;jpUf;f> ehd; mtUf;Ff; fPo; rhjhuz rpg;ghahff; fye;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwd;> vd;W gjpy; $wpdhHfs;.

,iwek;gpf;ifahsHfspd; md;idahd Map\h (uyp) mtHfs;> gD} kf;#k; Fyj;ijr; NrHe;j xU ngz;kzp

jpUba rk;gtj;jpd; gpd;dhy; ele;jit Fwpj;J ,t;thW $Wfpd;whHfs;. ,e;jj; jpUl;L tof;F ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfspd; Kd;dpiyapy; te;j nghOJ> ,e;j tof;fpd; ,Wjp KbT ,];yhkpa \hPmj; rl;lq;fspd;gb>

ifia ntl;Ltjhfj; jhd; ,Uf;Fk; vd;gij mwpe;J nfhz;l gD} kf;#k; Fyj;jtHfs;> ,J jq;fSila

Fyj;jpw;F kpFe;j mtkhdj;ijj; Njbj; juf; $bajhf ,Uf;FNk vd;W ftiy nfhs;s Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

vdNt> ,J Fwpj;J jq;fSf;Fs; tpthjpj;j gD} kf;#k; Fyj;jtHfs;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F kpfg;

gphpakhd Njhouhd c]hkh gpd; i]j; (uyp) mtHfis mZfp> jq;fSf;fhf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd;

ghpe;J Ngrr; nra;J> mjd; %yk; jz;lidia uj;J nra;J tplyhk; vd;W KbT nra;J c]hkh (uyp)

mtHfis mZfpdhHfs;.

Page 62: History of islamic army generals in tamil

jq;fSf;F NeutpUf;fpd;w mtkhdj;ijj; jtpHf;Fk; nghUl;L> mr;rk; fye;j gaj;Jld; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfis mZfp> me;jg; ngz;Zf;fhf ghpe;J Ngrj; Jtq;fpdhHfs;. ,jw;F c]hkh (uyp) mtHfSk;

Jizahf mike;jhHfs;. ,tHfs; vd;d nrhy;y tUfpd;whHfs; vd;gJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F kpfj;

njspthf Mfp tpl;ljd; gpd;dH> ,tHfs; ,iwtdhy; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l jz;lidr; rl;lj;ij my;yth khw;wp

mikf;f thjhLfpd;whHfs; vd;gijg; Ghpe;J nfhz;L> Nfhgk; nfhz;ltHfshf>

''c]hkhNt..! my;yh`;tpdhy; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l ,e;j jz;lidr; rl;lj;ij khw;wp mikj;J tplyhk; vd;gij

fdtpYk; $l epidj;Jg; ghHf;f Kbahj xd;iw> vt;thW ghpe;J NgRtjw;fhf te;Js;sPHfs;? vd;gJ

njhpatpy;iy. NkYk; $wpdhHfs;> ,j;jifa nray;fs; gD} ,];uNtyHfsplk; fhzg;gl;ld. caH Fyj;jtH

xUtH jtW nra;jhy;> mjid kwe;J tpLthHfs;. nghJkf;fspy; xUtH mjidr; nra;jhy;> jz;lidr;

rl;lq;fs; mtH kPJ gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk;. mjd; fhuzkhfj; jhd; mtHfs; mopTf;F cl;gl;lhHfs;. ,e;j

thdq;fisAk;> G+kpiaAk; mjpy; cs;sitAk; vtdJ iftrj;jpy; cs;sNjh mtd; kPJ rj;jpakhf> vd;Dila

kfs; ghj;jpkh (uyp) mtHfs; jtW nra;jpUg;gpdk;> mtsJ ifia ehd; ntl;bNa jPUNtd;"" vd;whHfs;.

,e;j rk;gtj;jpw;Fg; gpd;Dk;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; c]hkh (uyp) mtHfis kpfTk; Nerpj;jhHfs;>

,j;jifa nray;ghLfs; mtH kPJ nfhz;bUe;j ghrj;ij Fiwj;J tpltpy;iy.

tpiyAaHe;j nghUs;fs; Vjhtnjhd;iw ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; ghprhfg; ngw;whHfs; vd;W nrhd;dhy;>

mjid c]hkh (uyp) mtHfSf;F toq;ff; $batHfshf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jpfo;e;jhHfs;. mt;thNw>

]fk; ,g;D `];]hk; vd;gtH ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F toq;fpa fapw;iw> jhd; mzpe;J tpl;L> gpd;G

mjid c]hkh (uyp) mtHfSf;F ghprhf toq;fp tpl;lhHfs;.

j`pah fy;gP vd;gtH tpiyAaHe;j Mil xd;iw ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;Fg; ghprhf toq;fpdhHfs;.

mjidAk; mtHfs; c]hkh (uyp) mtHfSf;F mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;> ,e;j tifapy; c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs;

kpfTk; mjpH\;lf;fhuuhf tpsq;fpdhHfs;. vtnuhUtiu ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; tpUk;gpdhHfNsh> mtiu

my;yh`;Tk; tpUk;Gfpd;whd; vd;w rpwg;G nfsutj;ijf; fhl;bYk; xU kdpjDf;F vd;d jhd; Ntz;Lk;?

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kuzkile;j nghOJ> c]hkh (uyp) mtHfSf;F gjpndl;L my;yJ ,UgJ

taJjhd; MfpapUf;Fk;. tpisahl;Lg; gUtq;fs; fle;J mwpT KjpHr;rp ngw;w thypgg; gUtj;jpy; mjpfkhd

Neuq;fis ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; ,Ue;J fopg;gjw;Fz;lhd re;jHg;gk; fpilf;fhtpbDk;> gy

re;jHg;gq;fspy; kf;fs; gpur;idfSf;F ,tUila fUj;ijAk; Nfl;gJz;L. cjhuzkhf>

gpNsf; Neha; gw;wp ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; VjhtJ $wpapUf;fpd;whHfsh vd;gJ gw;wp cq;fSf;F

QhgfkpUe;jhy; nrhy;Yq;fNsd; vd;W ]mj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) mtHfs; c]hkh (uyp) mtHfsplk;

Nfl;lhHfs;. mjw;F c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs;>

''gpNsf; vd;gJ jz;lidahFk;> ,];uhapypd; kf;fspy; xU gphptpdH kPJ ,iwtd; ,wf;fpaUspa NtjidahFk;

mJ. vdNt> ve;jg; gFjpahtJ gpNsf; Nehapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ vd;W Nfs;tpg;gl;lhy;> mq;F

nry;tijj; jtpHe;J nfhs;sTk;. ,d;Dk; me;j ,lj;jpy; ePq;fs; Vw;fdNt ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wPHfs; vd;W

nrhd;dhy;> mjpypUe;J jg;gpg;gjw;F Kaw;rp nra;a Ntz;lhk;"" vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

xUKiw jdJ Njhl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;j xU NghPr;r kuj;ij ntl;b mjd; eLg;gFjpapy; mike;jpUf;Fk; FWj;ij

ntl;bf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. ,e;jr; nraiyg; ghHj;j c]hkh (uyp) mtHfspd; NjhoHfs; Mr;rhpag;gl;ltHfshf>

tpiyAaHe;j ,e;j kuj;ij Vd; ,g;gb ntl;br; rha;f;fpd;wPHfs; vd;W Nfl;lhHfs;. mjw;F> vd;Dila

gphpaj;jpw;Fhpa jhahH mtHfs; ,e;jf; FWj;ij rhg;gpl tpUk;gpf; Nfl;L tpl;l nghOJ> mjid ehd; vt;thW

kWf;f ,aYk;. vJnthd;iw mtHfs; Nfl;lhYk;> mJ vd;Dila rf;jpf;F cl;gl;l epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ>

mjid epiwNtw;whky; ehd; tpLtjpy;iy vd;W $wpdhHfs;. ,jdhy; ve;j e\;lk; te;jhYk; rhpNa. mtHfs;

vdf;Fr; nra;jpUf;Fk; cgfhuj;NjhL> ,e;j NghPr;r kuj;ij xg;gpLk; nghOJ> ,e;j NghPr;r kuk; xU nghUl;Nl

my;y vd;Wk; $wpdhHfs;.

c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs; vd;w MSikahdJ> ,e;j cyfj;ijAk; mjpy; cs;stw;iwAk; gilj;J ghpghspj;J

tuf; $batdhd my;yh`;tpDila jpUj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfshy;> Nerpf;fg;gl;lnjhU MSikahFk;. rw;W Kd;

jhd; thypg thrypy; mbnaLj;J itj;jpUe;j ,e;j MSikia> xU kpfg; nghpa gilf;Fj; jiyikj; jsgjpahf

epakpj;J mtiu topaDg;gp itj;j nfsutg;gLj;jpdhHfs;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;. ,d;Dk; ,iwj;J}jH

Page 63: History of islamic army generals in tamil

(]y;) mtHfs; tho;e;j fhyj;jpYk; rhp> mtHfs; kuzkhd gpd;Gk; rhp> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfshYk;> ,d;Dk;

mtHfsJ NjhoHfshd fyPghf;fshYk; nfsutkhf elj;jg;gl;lhHfs;.

,j;jifa rpwg;GfSf;Fr; nrhe;jf;fhuuhd c]hkh (uyp) mtHfs; KMtpah (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpd;

nghOJ> kjPdhtpw;F mUfpy; cs;s [u/g; vd;w ,lj;jpy; itj;J> jdJ mWgjhtJ tajpy; ,iwab

NrHe;jhHfs;.

''ehd; te;J tpl;Nld;> cd;Dila miog;ig Vw;W epiyahd Rtdj;ij ehb..""

''eP cd;Dila ,iwtd;ghy; jpUg;jp mile;j epiyapYk;> (mtd;) cd;kPJ jpUg;jpaile;j epiyapYk;

kPSthahf"".(89:28)

Page 64: History of islamic army generals in tamil

,f;hpkh gpd; mgP `p\hk; (uyp)

tsKk;> tdg;Gk; epiwe;jpUf;f> mj;Jld; typikAk; kpifj;jpUf;f gD} kf;#k; Fyj;jtHfspd; Nghw;wj;jf;f

jiytUf;F kfdhfg; gpwe;j fhuzj;jhy;> Fy top te;j ngUikAld; Fwpg;gplj;jFe;jnjhUtuhfj;

jpfo;e;jhHfs; ,f;hpkh gpd; mgP `p\hk; (uyp) mtHfs;. ,e;jsT mjpH\;lfukhd tho;Tf;Fr; nrhe;jf; fhuuhf

,Ue;jJld;> MAjq;fisf; ifahs;tjpy; kpfTk; jpwik kpf;ftuhf> tpy;> mk;G kw;Wk; <l;b vwpjypy; jpwik

kpf;ftuhfj; jpfo;e;jhH. Xl;lj;jpy; ty;ytuhd ,thplk;> Fjpiu $lr; rw;W kiyj;Jj; jhd; NghFk;.

]mj; gpd; mgP tf;fh]; (uyp) kw;Wk; K];mg; gpd; cikH (uyp) MfpNahHfSf;F kpfTk; neUf;fkhd NjhouhfTk;

,Ue;jhH. ,];yhj;jpd; ntspr;rg; Gs;spfs; ,tHfis mz;kpj;j nghOJ> mjid mizj;Jf; nfhz;L>

,];yhkpa thdpy; xspH tpLk; el;rj;jpuq;fshfTk; MdhHfs;. Mdhy; ,];yhj;ijj; jdJ tho;tpay; newpahf

gpd;gw;WNthHfSf;F> vg;nghOJNk ,t;Tyif Nerpf;ff; $batHfsplkpUe;J te;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; Jd;gj;ijg;

NghyNt> ,tUk; Jd;gj;ij mDgtpj;jhH. ,];yhj;ijj; jdJ tho;tpay; newpahf Vw;W elg;gjpy; ,tUf;Fj;

jilf; fy;yhf ,Ue;jtH ahH vd;W njhpAkh? ,tuJ je;ij jhd;. ,tuJ je;ij ahH vd;W njhpAkh?

Fiw\pf; Fyj;jpd; kpfg; ngUk; jiytuhfj; jpfo;e;j> cikH gpd; `p\hk; - ,tH ,];yhj;jpd; kPJk;> mjidg;

gpd;gw;Wk; K];ypk;fs; kPJk; mstpy;yhj FNuhjj;ij jdJ kdjpy; tsHj;J itj;jpUe;j fhuzj;jpdhy;>

K];ypk;fSf;F mstpy;yhj Jd;gq;fisAk;> njhy;iyfisAk; nfhLj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhH.

,];yhj;ijj; jdJ tho;tpay; newpahf Vw;Wf; nfhz;L> r%f tho;tpy; xOf;fkhf tho;tjd; %yk; kWik

tho;tpy; gpufhrpf;f epidj;jtHfs;> cikH gpd; `p\hk; Nghd;wtHfs; jUk; Jd;gq;fisAk;> Jauq;fisAk;>

,d;dy;fisAk; nghWikAld; rfpj;Jf; nfhz;Nl tho Ntz;ba fl;lhak; md;wpypUe;J ,d;W tiu njhlHe;J

tUk; rhpj;jpuj; rhd;WfshFk;.

,d;iwf;F Fthz;ldhNkh tij Kfhk;fis epWtp ,Ug;gJ Nghy md;iwf;F cikH gpd; `p\hk; Nghd;w

,];yhj;jpd; vjphpfs;> jpdk; xU rpj;jputij Kiwiaf; fz;L gpbj;J K];ypk;fs; kPJ gpuNahfpj;J te;jhHfs;.

,e;jf; nfhLkjpahsHfspd; mlf;FKiwfs;> mePjq;fs; ahTk; Xhpiwtid tzq;Ftjdpd;Wk; K];ypk;fis

mg;Gwg;gLj;jp tpltpy;iy. khwhf> Kd;idf; fhl;bYk; mtHfs; ,iwek;gpf;ifapy; Glk; Nghlg;gl;l jq;fq;fshf

kpspHe;jhHfs;.

mtHfs; jq;fsJ rpj;utijfis epiwNtw;w rpy K];ypk;fisj; NjHe;njLj;J> rpj;utij nra;jhHfs;. mt;thW

rpj;utijfisr; nra;tjpy; cikH gpd; `p\hk; NjHe;jtuhfj; jpfo;e;jhH. gpyhy; (uyp) mtHfis RLkzypy;

fplj;jp> njUj;njUthf ,Oj;Jr; nrd;whHfs;. fg;ghg; gpd; muj; (uyp) mtHfisAk; RLkzypy; ntw;Wlk;Gld;

fplj;jpdhHfs;. mtuJ kidtpahd Rikah (uyp) mtHfisAk; thHj;ijfshy; tbf;f ,ayhj nfhLikfSf;F

cl;gLj;jpdhHfs;. ,e;jsT nfhLikapYk; mtHfs; gilj;j ,iwtid Nerpj;jhHfs;. gilg;gpdq;fSf;F rpuk;

jho;j;j kWj;jhHfs;.

,e;j rpj;utijfSf;F %y fhuzkhf ,Ue;jtd; ahH vd;W epidf;fpd;wPHfs;? ,f;hpkh (uyp) mtHfspd;

je;ijahd cikH gpd; `p\hk; jhd;. ,tidj; jhd; ,];yhkpa tuyhW mG+ [`;y; vd;W miof;fpd;wJ.

jdJ NjhoHfs; mDgtpf;Fk; nfhLikfisAk;> rpj;utijfisAk; ghHj;Jf; fsq;fpa ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs;> mtHfis `p[;uj; vd;Dk; ehL Jwe;J nry;Yk;gbg; gzpj;jhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd;

md;Gf;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;l mUikj; NjhoHfs;> jiythpd; fl;lisg;gb vj;jpNahg;gpahTf;F ehL Jwe;J nrd;whHfs;.

,t;thW ehL Jwe;J nrd;wtHfisAk; epk;kjp tho mDkjpf;fhj mG+ [`;y;> vj;jpNahg;gpa kd;dH e[;[h]p

mtHfsplk; xU Fiw\pj; J}Jf; FOit mDg;gp itj;J> K];ypk;fisg; gw;wpa jtwhd fz;Nzhl;lj;ij

Vw;gLj;j Kaw;rp nra;jhd;. ,t;thW ehL Jwe;J nrd;w K];ypk;fs; gpd;dhspy;> kjPdhtpy; epiyahdnjhU

,];yhkpa r%fk; kWkyHr;rp fz;l nghOJ> vj;jpNahg;gpahit tpl;Lk; fpsk;gp kjPdhtpw;Fj; jpUk;gpdhHfs;. mq;F

K];ypk;fs; jq;fis xUq;fpizj;Jf; nfhz;lNjhL> tYthd ,];yhkpa rhk;uh[;ak; xd;iwf; fl;b

vOg;gpdhHfs;. mjd; %yk;> ,];yhj;ijAk;> mjidg; gpd;gw;Wk; K];ypk;fisAk; Jilj;njwpe;J tpl Ntz;Lk;

vd;W fq;fzk; fl;bf; nfhz;L nray;gl;ltHfspd;> fditf; fisj;J mtHfis epk;kjp ,of;fTk;

nra;ag;gl;lhHfs;.

epk;kjp ,oe;j ,];yhj;jpd; vjphpfs;> ,];yhj;ij NtuWf;F Kfkhf gj;hpy; xd;W $bdhHfs;. kjPdhtpd; vy;iy

Page 65: History of islamic army generals in tamil

mz;kpj;J Fiw\pfspd; NghH Nkfq;fs; #o;tijf; fz;l ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> jdJ NjhoHfis

mioj;Jf; nfhz;L gj;H vd;Dk; ,lj;ij te;jile;jhHfs;. ,e;j ,lj;jpy; jhd; rj;jpaj;jpw;Fk;

mrj;jpaj;jpw;Fkhd Kjy; NghH ele;jJ. K];ypk;fSf;F ,J mf;dpg; ghPl;irahfj; jpfo;e;jJ> ,d;Dk;

tuyhw;wpy; kpfg; gpugykhf mwpag;gLk; gj;H Aj;jk; vd;Wk; ,J miof;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;jg; NghUf;Fj; jiyikNaw;W

te;jpUe;jtHfspy; xUtdhd mG+ [`y;..> K];ypk;fis NtuWj;J jlk; njhpahky; Mf;fhky; ehd; kf;fhtpw;Fj;

jpUk;g khl;Nld; vd;W jhd; tzq;Fk; yhj; kw;Wk; c];]h nja;tq;fspd; kPJ rj;jpak; nra;jpUe;jhd;.

jq;fsJ tsj;NjhLk;> MAj gyj;NjhLk;> vz;zpf;ifapy; mjpfkhfTk; gj;Uf;F te;jpUe;j Fiw\pfs;> ehk;

jhd; ntw;wp ngWNthk; vd;w kkijAld; fhzg;gl;lhHfs;. Mdhy; K];ypk;fSf;F gpd;dhy;> gilj;jtdhd

my;yh`; ,Uf;fpd;whd; vd;gij kwe;J tpl;lhHfs;. mw;g MAjq;fNshLk;> Fiwe;j vz;zpf;ifNahLk; ,Ue;j

K];ypk;fs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; jiyikapy; xd;W $b> gilj;jtdplk; kz;bapl;Lg; gpuhHj;jpj;jhHfs;.

mtHfsJ rpuq;fs; gilj;jtdpd; cjtpia ehL epyj;jpy; jho;e;jpUe;jd.

ah my;yh`;..! cd;id tzq;Ftjw;fhfNt ,Uf;fpd;w ,e;j rpW $l;lj;ijAk; ,e;j kz;zpypUe;J

eP Jilj;njwpe;J tpl;lhy;> cd;id tzq;Ftjw;nfd;W ahUk; ,e;jg; G+kpapy; kPjkpUf;f khl;lhHfs;>

,e;jg; G+kpapy; cdf;F rpuk; gzpe;J tzq;Fk; mofhd topghL ,y;yhJ Ngha; tpLk; ah my;yh`;..!

vd;W gpuhHj;jpj;J> ,iwtdJ cjtpia ehb epd;whHfs;.

,g;nghOJ ,uz;L gilfSk; gj;Ug; NghHf;fsj;jpy; NeUf;F NeH Nkhjpf; nfhs;s Muk;gpj;jd. ,];yhkpa

giltPuHfs;> Rtdj;ijf; fz; Kd; epWj;jp jq;fsJ NghH Af;jpfis tPuj;Jld; ntspf;fhz;gpj;Jf;

nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ NghH Kidapy; ele;jtw;iw mg;JH u`;khd; ,g;D mt;/g; (uyp) mtHfs;

tpthpg;gijf; fhz;Nghk;.

kpfTk; ,s taJila ,uz;L tPuHfs;> mjhtJ KMj; (uyp) kw;Wk; Kth]; (uyp) Mfpa ,UtUk; vd;dplk;

te;J kpfTk; ufrpakhd Fuypy;> ahH me;j mG+ [`;y; vd;Wk;> mtid ehq;fs; vq;F fhzyhk; vd;Wk;

tpdtpdhHfs;. ehd; kpfTk; Mr;rhpak; nfhz;ltdhf> 'mtdplk; cq;fSf;F vd;d Ntiy" vd;W Nfl;Nld;.

mtd; jhNd ,e;j epuhfhpg;ghsHfspd; jiytd;> ,d;Dk; mtd; K];ypk;fs; kPJ fLikahd Jd;gq;fisAk;>

nfhLikfisAk; ,ioj;jtdhapw;Nw> mtd; ek;Kila vjphp my;yth? vd;whHfs;. ,d;Dk; mtd; ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfSf;F fLikahd Jd;gq;fisf; nfhLj;jjhfTk; ehq;fs; mwpa tUfpd;Nwhk;> mtidf; nfhd;W

eufj;jpy; mbj;jsj;jpw;F ehq;fs; mDg;ghky; tpl khl;Nlhk; my;yJ ,e;j Kaw;rpapy; vq;fsJ capHfisAk;

ehq;fs; mw;gzpf;fj; jahuhf ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;Wk; mtHfs; #Siuj;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; mtidf; nfhy;yhky;

ntWkNd jpUk;gp tUtjpy;iy vd;Wk; mtd; rgjk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;L> NghHf;fsj;jpw;Fs; Eioe;jhHfs;.

mg;nghOJ rw;W Neuj;jpw;nfy;yhk; mG+[`;y; vq;fSf;F kpf mUNf tyk; tu Muk;gpj;jhd; vd;W $wp tpl;L

mg;JH u`;khd; ,g;D mt;/g; (uyp) mtHfs; kPz;Lk; njhlHfpd;whHfs; :

''mG+[`;iyf; fz;lTld;> ehd; me;jr; rpWtHfis Nehf;fp> ePq;fs; Njb te;j ,iu mNjh te;J

nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ ghUq;fs; vd;W mG+[`;iyr; Rl;bf; fhl;bNdd;. me;j khj;jpuj;jpNyNa> me;jr; rpWtHfs;

mG+[`;iy Nehf;fpg; gha;e;jhHfs;. vjpHghuhj jhf;Fjiyr; re;jpj;j mG+[`;y; epiy jLkhW> jdJ

FjpiuapypUe;J fPNo tpOe;J tpl;lhd;. ,g;nghOJ mq;F mUNf epd;W nfhz;bUe;j mG+[`;ypd; kfDk; ,d;Dk;

,];yhj;ijj; jOthjtuhfTk; ,Ue;j ,f;hpkh mtHfs; jdJ je;ijapd; Xyf; Fuiyr; nrtpkLj;jhH>

mG+[`;ypw;F yhj;Jk;> c];]hTk;> kdhj;Jk; cjtp nra;atpy;iy> ,g;nghOJ NghHf;fiyapy; kpfTk; jpwik

tha;e;j jdJ je;ij ,U rpWtHfspd; jhf;FjYf;Fr; rkhspf;f ,ayhky; tPo;e;J tpl;lij jdJ fz; Kd;dhy;

fz;L nfhz;bUe;jhd;. mtd; tpOe;j Ntfj;jpy; me;j ,U rpWtHfSk; jq;fsJ this mG+[`;ypd; kPJ

nrYj;jp> mtdJ capiug; gwpj;jhHfs;> mUNf epd;W nfhz;bUe;j ,f;hpkh tpdhy; $l jdJ je;ijf;F

ve;jtpj cjtpiaAk; nra;a ,aytpy;iy> jdJ je;ij kuzj;jpd; %yk; eufj;jpd; thriy mile;J nfhz;L

tpl;lijj; jLf;f ,aytpy;iy. ,jw;Fg; gop thq;fj; Jbj;j ,f;hpkh mtHfs;> KM]; (uyp) mtHfspd;

Njhs;gl;ilapy; jdJ this ,wf;fpdhH. me;j ths; KM]; (uyp) mtHfspd; Njhisg; gjk; ghHj;jJ. ,f;hpkh

tpd; ths; tPr;rpdhy; Vw;gl;l fhaj;jpd; fhuzkhf Njhs; gl;il G[j;ij tpl;Lk; njhq;f Muk;gpj;J> njhe;juT

nfhLj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,e;j epiyapy;> KM]; (uyp) mtHfs;> jdJ fhiy itj;J njhq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;j

Njhs; gl;ilia mOj;jpg; gpbj;J ,Oj;J mWj;njwpe;jhH. vy;yhg; GfOk; ,iwtDf;Nf..! ,e;jr; rpd;dQ; rpW

tajpy;> ,iwtd; ,e;jsT kd typikia my;yh`; mtHfSf;F mUsp ,Ue;jhd;. kPz;Lk; vy;yhg; GfOk;

Page 66: History of islamic army generals in tamil

,iwtDf;Nf..!

,we;J fple;j jdJ je;ijf;F vJTk; nra;aj; jpuhzpaw;wtuhf> ,f;hpkh me;j ,lj;ij tpl;Lk; jg;gpj;jhy;

NghJnkd;W tpiue;J mfd;W tpl;lhH. jq;fsJ mghpjkhd NghHf;fUtpfs; kw;Wk; gilfspd; vz;zpf;if Fwpj;J

kpfTk; ngUikNahL gj;Ug; NghHf;fsj;ij Nehf;fp te;jtHfSf;F> mtHfsJ MAjq;fSk;> Ml;fspd;

vz;zpf;ifAk; ve;jtpjj;jpYk; cjtpfukhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. khwhf> Kfj;jpy; GOjp gbe;jtHfshf mtkhdj;NjhL

,g;nghOJ NghHf;fsj;ij tpl;Lk; Njhw;Nwhbf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. Fiw\pfspd; kpfg; ngUk; jiyfs;>

,g;nghOJ kz;NzhL kz;zhf cUz;L tPo;e;J fple;jd. tPo;e;J kbe;J fple;j ,iwepuhfhpg;ghsHfs;

midtiuAk; xd;W NrHj;J> xU fpzw;wpy; mtHfsJ cly;fis tPrp> mjd; kPJ GOjpiaAk; tPrpdhHfs;

K];ypk;fs;. rj;jpaj;jpw;Fk; mrj;jpaj;jpw;Fk; ,ilNa ele;j ,e;j Kjy; NghH> mrj;jpaj;ij tPo;j;jp rj;jpak;

ntw;wp fz;lJ> mrj;jpak; NtNuhL rha;f;fg;gl;lJ. %Hf;fj;jdkhd i\j;jhdpd; NjhoHfshd mG+[`;y;

Nghd;wtHfs;> gj;Uf; fsj;jpd; kz;iz Kj;jkpl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;.

,f;hpkh mtHfspd; gop thq;Fk; Jbg;G ehSf;F ehs; mjpfkhfpf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. Fiw\pfspilNa jdJ

je;ijf;F ,Ue;j kjpg;G> ,d;Dk; mjd; fhuzkhf vOe;j ,];yhj;jpd; kPjhd nfhLQ;rpdk; Nghd;witAk;

,ize;J nfhs;s> ,];yhj;jpd; kPJ gopf;Fk; gop vLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w Jbg;G> vy;iyapd;wp gue;J nfhz;Nl

nrd;wJ. ,f;hpkhTk;> mtuJ NjhoHfSk; gj;Ug; NghHf;fsj;jpy; ,we;J Nghd jq;fsJ cwtpdHfspd; epiy

Fwpj;Jk;> capNuhL ,Uf;fpd;w ehk; ek;Kila cwtpdHfspd; gLnfhiyf;Fg; gopf;Fg; gop vLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w

Jbg;Gk; mtHfsplk; nfhSe;J tpl;L vhpe;J nfhz;bUe;jJ.

epuhfhpg;ghsHfs; jq;fsJ tQ;rq;fisj; jPHj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; jskhf ,g;nghOJ c`Jf; fsk; jahuhfpf;

nfhz;bUe;jJ. gof;Fg; gop thq;fpNa jPUtJ vd;w Kof;fj;NjhL> ,f;hpkh gpd; mG+ [`;y; c`Jf; fsk;

Nehf;fpj; jdJ ghpthuq;fis efHj;jj; Jtq;fpdhH. mtUld; mtUila kidtp ck;K `f;fPk; mtHfisAk;

mioj;Jf; nfhz;lhH. Fiw\pfs; NghHf;fsj;jpy; Jtz;L epw;Fk; nghOJ> NghHgilf;Fg; gpd;dhs; epw;Fk;

ngz;fs; Kuriwe;J> tPuHfSf;F cw;rhfj;ij Cl;LthHfs;. mjd; %yk; cj;Ntfk; Cl;lg;gl;l tPuHfs; kpfTk;

%Hf;fkhfj; jq;fsJ jhf;Fjy;fis vjphpfspd; kPJ njhLg;ghHfs;> ngz;fs; gpd;dhs; mzptFj;J epw;Fk;

nghOJ xt;nthU MZk; jd;Dila G[gy guhf;fpukq;fis ngz;fSf;F mjpfg;gbahf fhz;gpf;fNt

tpUk;Gthd;. me;j kdepiyia MltHfs; kj;jpapy; Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhfNt kf;fj;Jf; Fiw\pfs; ngz;fisj;

jq;fSld; mioj;J te;jpUe;jhHfs;.

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; mtHfs; tyJ gf;fKs;s mzpfSf;Fk;> ,f;hpkh gpd; mG+[`;y; ,lJ gf;fKs;s mzpfSf;Fk;

jiyikNaw;wpUf;f NghHf;fsj;jpy; Fiw\pfs; epd;W nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. ,e;j ,uz;L tPuHfSk;> K];ypk;fSf;F

mjpfg;gbahd ,og;Gfis Vw;gLj;jpaNjhL> NghHf;fsj;jpy; Fiw\pfspd; fuk; Xq;Ftjw;Fk; top tFj;jhHfs;.

,d;Dk;> c`Jg; NghHf;fsj;jpy; K];ypk;fSf;F fLikahd ,og;Gfs; Vw;gl;lij mLj;J> gj;Ug; NghHf;fsj;jpy;

ehk; mile;j Njhy;tpf;F gopf;Fg; gop vLj;jhfp tpl;lJ vd;W Fiw\pfspd; xl;L nkhj;jg;gilf;Fk; jiyikj;

jsgjpahf te;jpUe;j mG+Rg;ahd; mtHfs; mwptpj;jhH.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; muGfspd; kdepiyia ed;F mwpe;jpUe;j fhuzj;jpdhy;> kPz;Lk; ,];yhj;jpd;

vjphpfs; jq;fis xUq;fpizj;Jf; nfhz;L K];ypk;fs; kPJ jhf;Fjy; njhLf;fj; jahuhfp tpLthHfs;> ,d;Dk;

,tHfs; jq;fs; jq;fs; Fyj;jtHfspd; gpd;dhy; fz;iz %bf; nfhz;L mzp jpus;tjpy; kpfTk; tpiuthdtHfs;

vd;gijAk; mwpe;jpUe;j fhuzj;jpdhy;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kpfTk; vr;rhpf;if czHNthL nray;gl;Lf;

nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. gj;Uf; fsj;jpy; ngw;w Njhy;tpf;Fg; gopf;Fg; gop thq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w kdepiyapy; kf;fj;Jf;

Fiw\pfs; ,Ue;jdH. kjPdhtpy; tho;e;J nfhz;bUe;j gpugykhd A+jf; Fyq;fshd gD} ifD}f;fh kw;Wk;

gD} ejPH MfpNahHfis kjPdhit tpl;Lk; ntspNaw;wp tpl;ljd; fhuzkhf mtHfSk; K];ypk;fspd; kPJ fLQ;

rpdk; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; gD} `jPy; kw;Wk; gD} fj/ghd; Mfpa ,U A+jf; Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfSk;

,ay;ghfNt K];ypk;fspd; kPJ fLikahd rpdk; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;.

,tHfspd; Nfhgj;jpw;Fk; rpdj;jpw;Fk; fhuzkpUe;jJ. rw;W rpy ehl;fSf;F Kd; kf;fhtpypUe;J ntWq; ifAld;

Xb te;j xU kdpjH> kpff; FWfpa fhyj;jpy; jd;id epiy epWj;jpf; nfhz;lNjhly;yhky;> kjPdhitj; jdJ

Ml;rpg; gpuNjrkhfTk; ,d;Dk; GjpanjhU nfhs;iff;F mbj;jskplf; $ba efukhfTk; khw;wpf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;whNu vd;w fho;g;GzHr;rp Fiw\pfsplKk;> ,d;Dk; kjpdhtpy; tho;e;J te;J nfhz;bUe;j

A+jHfsplKk; epuk;gp tope;jJ. ,d;Dk;> ,e;j K`k;kijg; gpd;gw;wf; $ba mtuJ NjhoHfs;> vj;jifa

Page 67: History of islamic army generals in tamil

#o;epiyiaAk; rkhspf;fj; jahuhdtHfshf ,Ug;gJk; $l mtHfSf;Fs; mr;rj;ij mDjpdKk; tsHj;J te;J

nfhz;bUe;jJ.

,it mj;jidiaAk; kdjpy; vil Nghl;Lg; ghHj;j mG+Rg;ahd; mtHfs;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;Fk;>

mtuJ khHf;fj;jpw;Fk;> K];ypk;fSf;Fk; ahH ahH vjphpfshf ,dq; fhzg;gl;lhHfNsh mtHfs; midtiuAk;

xUq;fpizj;Jf; nfhz;L> xUq;fpize;j gilg; gphpT xd;iw K];ypk;fSf;F vjpuhfj; jpul;b> kjPdhit

Kw;Wifaplj; jahuhfpf; nfhz;bUe;jhH.

mG+Rg;ahd; mtHfspd; ,e;jj; jpl;lj;ij mwpe;J nfhz;l ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> kjPdhitr; Rw;wpYk;

mfopfisj; Njhz;l Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,jd; %yk; vjphpfs; ntF vspjhf kjPdh efUf;Fs; EiotJ

jLf;fg;gLtNjhL> cs;spUe;J jhf;Fjy; njhLg;gjw;F trjpahd muzhfTk; ,e;j mfopfs; K];ypk;fSf;F

NgUjtp Ghpe;jd.

ve;j #o;epiyiaAk; ngz;fSk; $l rkhspf;Fk; nghUl;L> ,];yhkpag; ghly;fis ghLtjpy; kpfTk; ty;ytuhf

`]d; gpd; jhgpj; (uyp) mtHfsJ jiyikapy; ngz;fs; xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. ,t;thW

xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;l ngz;fspd; FOtpy;> ]/gpa;ah gpd;j; mg;Jy; Kj;jypg; (uyp) mtHfSk; ,Ue;jhHfs;. xU

A+jd; kjPdhtpd; vy;iyf;F mg;ghy; csT ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jij mwpe;J nfhz;l ]/gpa;ah gpd;j; mg;Jy;

Kj;jypg; (uyp) mtHfs;> xU fdkhd fk;ig vLj;J> mtidj; jhf;fp me;j ,lj;jpNyNa nfhd;Wk; tpl;lhHfs;.

jq;fisr; NrHe;j xUtH nfhy;yg;gl;lij mwpe;j vjphpfs; kpfTk; mr;rKk;> fytuKk; mila Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

kjPdhitr; Rw;wpYk; Njhz;lg;gl;bUe;j mfopfspy; xU gFjpapy; Vw;gl;bUe;j trjpahd FWfpa ,ilntspiag;

gad;gLj;jp> ckH gpd; mg;J}j;> juhH gpd; fj;jhg; kw;Wk; mg;nghOJ ,];yhj;ijj; jOthjpUe;J ,f;hpkh (uyp)

Mfpa %tUk; jq;fs; Fjpiufspy; ,Ue;jgbNa jhtpf; Fjpj;J cs;Ns te;J tpl;ldH.

myP (uyp) mtHfSk;> ckH (uyp) mtHfSk; ,g;nghOJ mtHfis NkYk; Kd;Ndw tplhky; jLj;Jf;

nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. myP (uyp) mtHfs; mk;H gpd; mg;J}j; vd;gtDld; Nkhjp> mtdJ jiyiaj; Jz;bj;jhHfs;.

juhH gpd; fj;jhg; k; kw;Wk; ,f;hpkh mtHfSk; jq;fsJ NjhoUf;F NeHe;j fjpiaf; fz; Kd;dhy; fz;L

nfhz;bUe;j epiyapNyNa> jg;gpj;jhy; NghJnkd;W mq;fpUe;J capH gpioj;J Xl Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

kf;fh ntw;wpapd; nghOJ md;iwa jpdj;jpy;> kf;fj;Jf; Fiw\pfs; mr;rk; kpFe;jtHfshf ,d;Dk; K];ypk;fspd;

ntw;wpiaf; Fwpj;J fytuq; nfhz;ltHfshf khwpa epiyapy;> K];ypk;fis NeUf;F Neuhf NkhJtjw;Fg;

gae;jhHfs;. kf;fhtpDs; gpuNtrpf;f ,Uf;fpd;w K];ypk;fis gpuNtrpf;f tplhj msTf;F K];ypk; gilfs;

tUfpd;w topfspy; jilfis Vw;gLj;JtJ vd;W jPHkhdpj;jhHfs;. md;iwa jpdj;jpy; kf;fhtpy; cs;s

midj;J epufhhpg;ghsHfSf;Fk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; nghJkd;dpg;ig toq;fpapUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;gij

,iwepuhfhpg;ghsHfs; mwpe;Nj itj;jpUe;jhHfs;. ,Ug;gpDk;> mtHfspy; rpyH K];ypk;fspd; kPJs;s fLikahd

ntWg;gpd; fhuzkhf K];ypk;fis vjpHj;Nj MtJ vd;W KbT nra;jtHfshf jilia Vw;gLj;jf;

fpsk;gpdhHfs;. mtHfspy; ,f;hpkh mtHfSk; xUtuhthH. ,tH jd;Dld; kf;fhtpd; rpy ,isQHfisr;

NrHj;Jf; nfhz;L> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfsJ jiyikapy; kf;fhtpid Nehf;fp te;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;w

K];ypk; gilfisj; jLg;gjw;fhf xd;W jpuz;L nfhz;lhHfs;. ,tHfspd; ,e;j eltbf;ifapy; Njhy;tpiaj;

jOtpa mtHfs;> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfisj; Njhw;fbf;fj; jpuhzpaw;wtHfshfp> kf;fhit tpl;Lk; Xlj;

Jtq;fpdhHfs;. mt;thW XbatHfspy;> ,e;jf; FOtpdhpd; jiytuhfr; nray;gl;l> ,f;hpkhTk; Kf;fpakhdtH.

Njhy;tpiaj; jOtp tpl;NlhNk vd;W ,f;hpkh mtHfs; kpfTk; mtkhdj;Jld; Jbf;fyhdhH. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs; midtUf;Fk; nghJkd;dpg;G mspj;jpUe;j epiyapYk; $l> mtkhdj;Jld; ,dp kf;fhtpy; jd;Dila

tho;itf; fopg;gJ kpfTk; rq;flkhdJ vd;gij ,f;hpkh czHe;jhH. ,jpy; rpy egHfisf; Fwpj;J> ,tHfs;

f/ghtpd; jpiur; rPiyfSf;Fg; gpd;dhy; xspe;jpUe;jhYk;> mtHfis ,Oj;J te;J mtHfsJ jiyiaj;

Jz;bf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ NjhoHfSf;Ff; fl;lisapl;bUe;jhHfs;. mt;thW

kuz jz;lidf;FhpatHfshf ,dq;fhl;lg;gl;ltHfspy; ,f;hpkh mtHfSk; xUtuhthH. ,tH jd;Dila

tho;Tf;F ,dp kf;fhtpy; cj;juthjk; VJk; fpilahJ vd;gij czHe;J> gae;jtuhf> ahUf;Fk; njhpahky;

kf;fhit tpl;Lk; ntspNawp> [pj;jhit Nehf;fpg; gazkhdhH. mq;fpUe;J akd; Njrj;jpw;Fr; nry;tjhf

KbntLj;jpUe;jhH. ,g;nghOJ jhd; mjpfhuj;Jld; gtdp te;j tPjpfs;>,g;nghOJ jdJ capUf;F cj;juthjk;

jutpy;iyNa..> rw;W Kd; fle;J Nghd ehl;fspy; ehd; mG+[`ypd; kfdhf thdsht mjpfhuj;Jld; ,e;jj;

njUtpy; jhNd gtdp te;Njd;..> ,e;j efuj;jpd; kf;fspd; kPnjy;yhk; vdJ mjpfhuk; nfhb fl;bg; gwe;J

Page 68: History of islamic army generals in tamil

nfhz;bUe;jNj..> ,e;j efuk;..> ,g;nghOJ vd;idg; ghJfhf;fj; jpuhzpaw;wjhf> vd;Dila capUf;F

cj;juthjk; mspf;ftpayhj epiyapy;> gphpah tpil jUfpd;w epiyf;F Mshfp tpl;NlNd vd;W jdJ efuj;jpw;F

gphpahtpil gfHe;J tpl;L> kf;fhit tpl;Lk; ntspNawpdhH. New;W tiu vd;Dila mjpfhuj;jpw;Ff;

fl;Lg;gl;ltHfs; jhNd ,e;j kf;fs;> ,d;iwf;F ,tHfSf;F vd;d Mfp tpl;lJ. ,e;jg; G+kpNa jiyfPohfg;

Gul;bg; Nghl;lJ Nghyy;yth khwp tpl;bUf;fpd;wJ. ehd; ele;J jphpe;J ,e;jj; njUf;fs;> tpahghuj; jsq;fs;

ahTk; vd;id epuhfhpj;J tpl;ldNt> ,dp ,q;fpUe;J vd;d gad;> vd;Dila capiuNa vd;dhy; ghJfhf;f

,ayhJ Ngha; tpl;lNj vd;w epidtpy; %o;fpatuhfNt ,f;hpkh kf;fhit tpl;Lk; ntspNawp> jdJ gazj;ij

akd; Njrj;jpid Nehf;fp nrYj;jyhdhH.

,g;nghOJ ,iwj;J}jH(]y;) mtHfs; kf;fhtpid kpfTk; mikjpahd Kiwapy; ifg;gw;wpaJld;> mq;fpUe;j

Fiw\pfSf;F nghJkd;dpg;igAk; mwptpj;jhHfs;. ,e;jg; nghJkd;dpg;igg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;ltHfshf

,f;hpkhtpd; kidtp ck;K `fPk; kw;Wk; `pe;jh gpd;j; cj;gh MfpNahHfSk; ,d;Dk; rpy ngz;fSk;

,iwj;J}jH(]y;) mtHfspd; Kd;dpiyapy; te;J epd;W> jhq;fs; ,];yhj;ijj; jq;fsJ tho;tpay; newpahf

Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjhf njhptpj;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk;jq;fSf;fhf ,iwtdplk;ght kd;dpg;Gf; NfhUkhWk;> ,];yhj;ijj;

jq;fsJ tho;tpay; newpahf Vw;Wg; gpd;gw;wj; jahuhf ,Ug;gjhfTk;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd;

Kd;dpiyapNyNa ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;sj; jahuhf ,Ug;gjhfTk; te;j me;jg; ngz;kzpfs; njhptpj;jhHfs;.

,e;jg; ngz;fs; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; me;j Neuj;jpy;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; mUik kfshH

/ghj;jpkh (uyp) mtHfSk;> ,d;Dk; ,uz;L ,iwek;gpf;ifahHfspd; jha;khHfSk; mt;tplj;jpy; ,Ue;jhHfs;.

jpiukiwTf;Fg; gpd;dhy; ,Ue;J nfhz;L kpfTk; rd;dkhd Fuypy; `pe;jh gpd;j; cj;gh mtHfs; ,iwj;J}jH

(]y;) mtHfsplk;>

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs..! jdJ rpwg;G kpf;f ,e;j ey;ybahUf;F ntw;wpia mspj;jtdhd> ty;Nyhdhk;

my;yh`;Tf;Nf vy;yhg; GfOk;! ,e;j ntw;wpf;F chpj;jhdtH jhd; ePq;fs;. ,uj;j cwTr; nrhe;jq;fs; vd;w

mbg;gilapy; cq;fsplk; ehq;fs; fUizia vjpHghHf;fpd;Nwhk;> ,d;Dk; ehd; kpfTk; NeHikahd Kiwapy;

,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;> vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

jdJ Kfj;ij %bf; nfhz;bUe;j me;j jpiuiar; rw;W tpyf;fp jhd; ahH vd;gij ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfSf;F milahsg;gLj;jpf; fhl;b> 'ehd; jhd; `pe;jh gpd;j; cj;gh" vd;whHfs;.

kdpj Fyj;jpw;F mUl;nfhilahf mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;l J}juhf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; mtHfis

tuNtw;whHfs;> ,d;Dk; rw;W Kd; ePq;fs; $wpa NeHikahd ey;y tho;j;Jf;fs; Fwpj;J ehd; kpfTk;

re;Njh\kilfpd;Nwd; vd;Wk; $wpdhHfs;. ,jd; %yk; ,];yhj;jpidj; jdJ tho;tpay; newpahf Vw;Wf;

nfhs;tjw;fhd gf;Ftj;ij> ,jaj;jpd; Xuj;jpy; ,jkhdnjhU ,lj;ij ngw;wpUe;jhHfs; `pe;jh gpd;j; cj;gh

mtHfs;.

kPz;Lk; ,g;nghOJ `pe;jh NgrpdhHfs; :

rw;W Kd; eilngw;w epfo;Tfspd; nghOJ $l ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wpAk;> ,d;Dk; jq;fisg; gw;wpAk; kpfTk;

ntWg;GzHitj; jhd; vd;dpy; tsHj;jpUe;Njd;. me;j ntWg;G tsHe;jpUe;j ,lj;ij cq;fspd; kPJ md;G

Mf;fpukpj;Jf; nfhz;L tpl;lJ. ,g;nghOJ ePq;fSk; cq;fsJ khHf;fKk; ,e;j cyfj;jpy; cs;s

mj;jidiaAk;tpl vdf;F kpfTk; gphpakhdnjhd;whf khwp tpl;lJ.

,g;nghOJ ,iwj;J}jH(]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; :

cq;fsJ ,jaj;jpypUe;J ntspahfp ,Uf;fpd;w> ,e;j J}a;ikahd Nehf;fj;ijAk;> vz;zj;ijAk;>

czHTfisAk; my;yh`; nkd;NkYk; mjpfhpf;fr; nra;thdhf> gpufhrpf;fr; nra;thdhf!

,jw;Fg;gpd; `pe;jh gpd; cj;gh ,];yhj;ijj; jd;Dila tho;tpay; newpahf Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjhf rj;jpag; gpukhzk;

nra;J nfhz;lhHfs;. ,tHfis mLj;J ,f;hpkh mtHfspd; kidtp ck;K `f;fPk; mtHfSk; Kd;te;J

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfSf;F ]yhk; ciuj;J tpl;L> ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. mjd; gpd;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; xU Nfhhpf;ifia ,f;hpkh mtHfspd; kidtpahfpa ck;K `f;fPk; (uyp) mtHfs;

itj;jhHfs;.

cq;fsJ kw;Wk; cq;fsJ mUikj; NjhoHfspd; thSf;Fg; gae;jtuhf> ,f;hpkh jd;Dila capiug;

ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf akd; Njrj;ij Nehf;fpr; nrd;W nfhz;bUf;fpd;whH. jaTnra;J cq;fSf;F ed;wp

Page 69: History of islamic army generals in tamil

nrhy;yf; $ba tha;g;igAk;> ,d;Dk; ghJfhg;ghd tho;f;ifiaAk; mtUf;F ePq;fs; toq;Ftjw;fhd

re;jHg;gj;ij mtUf;F toq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W Ntz;bf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ePq;fs; kdpj Fyj;jpw;fhd

Kd;Djhuzkpf;ftuhf ,Uf;fpd;wPHfs;> ,iwtDila gilg;gpdq;fspy; vy;yhk; kpfr; rpwe;j gilg;ghf

,Uf;fpd;wPHfs;. ,f;hpkh gad;gLj;jf; $banjhU ey;y kdpjd;> mtiu NeHtopf;Ff; nfhz;L tu ehd; vd;dhy;

Md midj;J Kaw;rpfisAk; nra;fpd;Nwd;> ,d;Dk; mtuJ gof;f tof;fq;fs; gw;wpAk;> mtuJ gz;Gfisg;

gw;wpAk; ehd; kpfTk; mwpe;jtshfTk; ,Uf;fpd;Nwd; vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

ck;K `f;fPk; (uyp) mtHfspd; Nrhfkhd me;j thHj;ijfisf; Nfl;l ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> ',e;j ehs;

Kjy; ,f;hpkhtpw;Fg; ghJfhg;G mspf;fg;gLfpd;wJ> (kf;fhtpw;F) jpUk;gp tuTk; mDkjpaspf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. mtiu

Nfs;tp fzf;fpw;Nfh my;yJ tprhuizf;F cl;gLj;jNth gl khl;lhH" ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

mwptpj;jhHfs;.

Page 70: History of islamic army generals in tamil

kj;dh gpd; `hhpjh`; \Pghdp (u`;)

if]; gpd; M]pk; jkPkp mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; :

''kj;dh gpd; `hhpjh (uyp) mtHfs; rhjhuz kdpjH my;y> cz;ikapy; mtH.. gD} \Pghdp

Nfhj;jpuj;jpd; kpf ,s taJj; jiytUk; ,d;Dk; mNugpahtpd; Gfo; kpf;f tPuUk; MthH.""

xUKiw ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; efUf;F ntspNa te;J Vida muGf; Fyq;fis Xhpiwapd; gf;fkhf>

,];yhj;jpd; ghy; miog;gjw;fhfg; Gwg;gl;lhHfs;> ,tHfSld; myp (uyp) mtHfSk;> ,d;Dk; mGgf;fH (uyp)

mtHfSk; cld; nrd;whHfs;. mg;nghOJ xU ,lj;ijf; fle;J nrd;W nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ> me;j ,lj;jpy;

rpyH mkHe;J jq;fSf;Fs; Ngrpf; nfhz;bUg;gijf; fz;l mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; :

''X..! my;yh`;tpd; J}jH (]y;) mtHfNs..> ,tHfs; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdtHfs;> ,tHfs; ngUkjpg;G kpf;f kw;Wk;

kpfr; rpwg;ghdnjhU Fyj;Jf;Fr; nrhe;jf;fhuHfs;. ,e;j cyfj;jpd; mjpfhuKk;> GfOk; ,tHfsJ kzpKbia

myq;fhpj;j ngUikf;Fhpa Fyj;jtHfshthHfs;"" vd;whHfs;.

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfsplk; me;jf; Fyj;jtHfisr; Rl;bf; fhl;bg; ngUikAld; $wpf; nfhz;bUe;j me;j

rkaj;jpy;> gD} \Pghdpf; Nfhj;jpuj;ijr; NrHe;jtHfshd k/g;&f; gpd; mk;H> `hdp gpd; fgP]h> E/khd; gpd;

\hPf; kw;Wk; kj;dh gpd; `hhpjh`; \Pghdp MfpNahH mq;F mkHe;jpUe;jhHfs;. mtHfspy; k/g;&f; gpd; mk;H

vd;gtH kpfr; rpwe;j ghlfUk;> ,d;Dk; tpthjf; fiyapy; ty;ytUkhthH.

mg;nghOJ mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; k/g;&f; mtHfisg; ghHj;J cq;fsJ Fyj;jtHfs; vj;jid egHfs;

,Ug;gPHfs; vd;W Nfl;lhHfs;.

ehq;fs; Mapuk; NgH ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;W gjpYiuj;j k/g;&f; mtHfs;> Nghhpy; ,e;j vz;zpf;if vtUk; kpQ;rp

tpl KbahJ vd;Wk; gjpypWj;jhH.

Nghhpy; ePq;fs; fye;J nfhz;lhy; cq;fsJ epiy vt;thW ,Uf;Fk; vd;whHfs; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;.

Nghhpy; fye;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ rpdk;> mjd; cr;rj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;.

vq;fsJ Fyj;jtHfs; jq;fsJ Foe;ijfisf; fhl;bYk;> jq;fsJ NghHf; Fjpiufisj; jhd; mjpfk; Nerpf;ff;

$batHfs;> ,e;j cyf tho;f;ifapd; nrhj;Jf;fs; Rfq;fis tpl vq;fsJ NghHf;fUtpfNs vq;fSf;F kpfTk;

gpbj;jkhditfs; vd;Wk; k/g;&f; gjpypWj;jhH.

Nghhpy; ,tHfs; fye;J nfhs;Sk; nghOJ> rpy rkaq;fspy; NghH ,tHfSf;Fr; rhjkhfTk;> ,d;Dk; rpy

rkaq;fspy; mtHfsJ vjphpfSf;Fr; rhjfkhfTk; ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;wd vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisg;

ghHj;Jf; $wpa mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;> ,e;j kf;fSf;F VNjDk; ePq;fs; nrhy;y tpUk;Gfpd;wPHfs; vd;gJ Nghy;>

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisg; ghHj;jhHfs;.

mtHfSf;fhd nra;jp ,Jjhd;>

tzq;fg;gLtjw;Fj; jFjpahd ,iwtd; my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtW ahUk; ,y;iy"" vd;whHfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfs;.

Fiw\paHfs; ,];yhj;ij NjHT nra;J nfhs;tjw;Fg; gjpyhf mjid cjhrpdk; nra;J tpl;lhHfs;. mtHfs;

my;yh`;Tf;Fk; mtdJ J}jUf;Fk; vjpuhf fyfk; Ghptjw;Nf KbT nra;Js;shHfs;. Mdhy;> ePq;fs; vq;fsJ

,e;j miog;gpw;F xj;Jiog;gPHfs; vd;W epidf;fpd;Nwd; vd;whHfs;.

k/g;&f; Nfl;lhH> cq;fsJ ,e;j nra;jpia mLj;J NtW VNjDk; jfty;fs; cs;sjh vd;whH.

,jd; gpd;dH ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; fPo;f;fz;l trdj;ij mtHfsplk; Xjpf; fhz;gpj;jhHfs; :

''thUq;fs;! cq;fs; ,iwtd; cq;fs; kPJ tpyf;fpapUg;gtw;iwAk; (VtpapUg;gtw;iwAk;) ehd; Xjpf;

fhz;gpf;fpNwd;; vg;nghUisAk; mtDf;F ,izahf itf;fhjPHfs;; ngw;NwhHfSf;F ed;ik nra;Aq;fs;;

tWikf;Fg; gae;J cq;fs; Foe;ijfisf; nfhy;yhjPHfs; - Vnddpy; cq;fSf;Fk;> mtHfSf;Fk; ehNk

cztspf;fpd;Nwhk;; ntspg;ilahd ,ufrpakhd khdf;Nflhd fhhpaq;fis ePq;fs; neUq;fhjPHfs;; my;yh`;

Page 71: History of islamic army generals in tamil

jLj;Js;s ve;j XH Mj;khitAk; epahakhdjw;F my;yhky; - nfhiy nra;ahjPHfs; - ,tw;iw ePq;fs; czHe;J

nfhs;tjw;fhf (,iwtd;) cq;fSf;F (,t;thW) Nghjpf;fpd;whd;. mehijapd; nghUspd; gf;fk; mtd;

gpuhaj;ij milAk; tiuapy; mofhd Kiwapyd;wp ePq;fs; neUq;fhjPHfs;; msitAk;> epWitiaAk; ePjj;ijf;

nfhz;L epug;gkhf;Fq;fs;; ehk; ve;j Mj;khitAk; mjd; rf;jpf;F kPwp f\;lg;gLj;Jtjpy;iy ePq;fs; NgRk;nghOJ

mjdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLgtH neUq;fpa cwtpduhf ,Ue;j NghjpYk; - epahaNk NgRq;fs;; my;yh`;Tf;F (ePq;fs;

nfhLj;j) cWjp nkhopia epiwNtw;Wq;fs;. ePq;fs; epidT ($He;J ele;J nfhs;Sk; nghUl;Nl my;yh`;

cq;fSf;F (,t;thW) Nghjpf;fpwhd;. epr;rakhf ,JNt vd;Dila Neuhd topahFk;;. MfNt ,jidNa

gpd;gw;Wq;fs; - ,ju topfis ePq;fs; gpd;gw;w Ntz;lhk; - mit cq;fis mtDila topiatpl;Lg; gphpj;JtpLk;;

ePq;fs; (NeH topiag; gpd;gw;wp) gagf;jpAilatHfshf ,Ug;gjw;F ,t;thW mtd; cq;fSf;F Nghjpf;fpwhd;.

(6:151-153)

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; jpUtjdq;fspypUe;J ,iwtrdq;fisr; nrtpkLj;j mtHfs;> ,e;j cyf

tho;f;ifapd; tsq;fisg; ngUf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf $wg;gLfpd;wtUila nrhw;fsy;y ,it vd;W $wpatHfshf>

,];yhj;ijj; jq;fSila tho;tpay; newpahf me;j kf;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. mtHfSila guk;giu

fz;zpakpf;fJ> ,dpikahd kf;fSk;> rhjhuz kf;fSk;> gpwiuf; ftuf; $ba kw;Wk; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jf;

$batHfshfTk; mtHfs; ,Ue;jhHfs;.

cz;ikapNyNa ehq;fs; ,e;j ,iwtrdq;fis ,d;Dk; mjpfkhfNt nrtpkLf;f tpUk;Gfpd;Nwhk;> ,iwtDila

jpUtrdq;fSf;F Kd;dhy; ehq;fs; vq;fsJ ,jaq;fisg; gwp nfhLj;Nj tpl;Nlhk; vd;whHfs;. mjd; gpd;dH

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; fPo;f;fz;l ,iwtrdj;ij Xjpf; fhl;bdhHfs; :

epr;rakhf my;yh`; ePjp nrYj;JkhWk;> ed;ik nra;AkhWk;> cwtpdHfSf;F nfhLg;gijAk; nfhz;L

(cq;fis) VTfpwhd;; md;wpAk;> khdf;Nflhd fhhpaq;fs;> ghtq;fs;> mf;fpukq;fs; nra;jy; Mfpatw;iw tpl;Lk;

(cq;fis) tpyf;Ffpd;whd; - ePq;fs epidT $He;J rpe;jpg;gjw;fhf> mtd; cq;fSf;F ey;YgNjrk; nra;fpwhd;.

(16:90)

k/g;&f; mtHfs; ,e;j ,iwtrdq;fisr; nrtpkLj;jjd; gpd;dH Mr;rhpj;jhy; Ml; nfhz;ltuhff; $wpdhH :

kdpjHfis caHe;j ey;nyhOf;fj;jpd; ghy;> elj;ijfspd; ghy; miof;fpd;w mjidg; gpd;gw;wp mjd; kPJ

nray;gLjtw;F cw;rhf%l;Lfpd;w ,g;gbg;gl;lnjhU fUj;Jiuia ehd; epr;rakhf ,iwtd; kPJ rj;jpakhf

,jw;F Kd; vq;Fk; Nfl;lNj ,y;iy.

gpd;dH> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfspd; gf;fkhfj; jpUk;gpf; $wpdhH :

,tH jhd; `hdp gpd; fgp]h`;> ,tUk; vd;idg; Nghy ek;gpf;if nfhz;L> xNu khHf;fj;ij ek;GgH. mtH

vd;d $w tUfpd;whH vd;gijj; jq;fshy; Nfl;f KbAkh? vd;whH.

mjid Vw;Wf; nfhs;SKfkhf jdJ ftdj;ij `hdp mtHfsJ gf;fk; kpfTk; MHtj;NjhL jpUk;gpdhHfs;

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> `hdp $wpdhH :

ePq;fs; nrhd;dtw;iw ehd; kpfTk; ftdkhfTk;> njhlHe;J Nfl;Lf; nfhz;L jhd; ,Uf;fpd;Nwd;. cq;fs;

vLj;J itj;j xt;nthU nrhy;Yk; rj;jpakhdit> ,d;Dk; tha;ik tha;e;jit. ePq;fs; rw;W Kd; Xjpf; fhl;ba

,iwtrdq;fs; vq;fsJ ,jaq;fis Ml; nfhz;L tpl;ld> kpfTk; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jp tpl;ld. Mdhy;>

ehq;fs; vq;fis ,Wjp KbTf;F ntF tpiutpy; te;J tpl ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;. vq;fsJ fUj;Jf;fis vq;fsJ

Fyj;ijr; NrHe;j VidNahHfsplKk; ehq;fs; fye;J Ngr ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;. mturg;gl;L vLf;ff; $ba rpy

KbTfs; tpUk;gj;jfhj rpy tpisTfis Vw;gLj;jp tplyhk;. vdNt jaTnra;J vq;fSf;F rw;W MNyhrid

nra;J nfhs;tjw;F mtfhrk; jhUq;fs; vd;whH.

mg;nghOJ> vq;fsJ Fyj;jpd; ngUik kpf;f tPuUk;> vq;fsJ kdq;ftHe;jtUk;> ,d;Dk; vq;fsJ Fyj;jpw;Nf

ngUik NrHf;ff; $batUkhd kj;dh mtHfs; vd;d nrhy;y tUfpd;whH vd;gijAk; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;Sq;fs;

vd;whH.

,g;nghOJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ ftdj;ij kj;dh mtHfspd; gf;fkhfj; jpUg;gpdhHfs;> kj;dh

$wpdhH :

ePq;fs; Ngrpatw;iw ehDk; nrtpkLj;Njd;> ehd; vjidf; Nfl;NlNdh mjid ehd; kpfTk; tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;.

cq;fsJ xt;nthU thHj;ijfSk; vq;fsJ kdjpy; Mokhd ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jp tpl;ld. Mdhy; cq;fsJ

Page 72: History of islamic army generals in tamil

,e;j miog;ig Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; rf;jp> mjpfhuk; ,g;nghOJ vq;fsJ iffspy; ,y;iy vd;gNj

cz;ikahFk;. ehq;fs; <uhdpag; NguuRld; nra;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; xg;ge;j;jpd; mbg;gilapy; Gjpjhf cUthFk;

ve;j ,af;fj;ijAk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sNth my;yJ Gjpjhf Muk;gpf;fg;gLk; ve;j ,af;fj;Jf;F cjtpf; nfhs;sNth

vq;fshy; ,ayhJ. cq;fsJ ,e;jg; Gjpa miog;ig <uhdpag; NguurH $l Vw;Wf; nfhs;tj;wfhd tha;g;G

,y;iy vd;Nw fUJfpd;Nwd;. mtH mt;thW Vw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iy vd;why;> mJNt vq;fSf;F kpfTk;

Mgj;jhdjhf Kbe;J tpLk;. Mdhy; cq;fSf;F xd;iw ehq;fs; nrhy;ypf; nfhs;s tpUk;Gfpd;Nwhk;> ,e;j

mNugpag; gFjpapy; cq;fSf;F ahNuDk; Jd;gk; tpistpg;ghHfnsd;why;> cq;fsJ miog;Gg; gzpf;F ,ilA+W

nra;thHfnsd;why; vq;fshy; Kbe;j msTf;F cq;fSf;F ehq;fs; cjTNthk; vd;w thf;FWjpia kl;Lk;

,g;nghOJ vq;fshy; ju KbAk; vd;W $wpdhH.

kj;dh mtHfsJ ciuiaf; Nfl;l ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; Mr;rhpaj;jpy; Mo;e;J NghdtHfshf> kj;dh gpd;

`hhpjh \Pghdp mtHfNs..>

,J kpfTk; tpj;jpahrkhf ,Uf;fpd;wNj..> ePq;fs; rj;jpak; ,J jhd; vd;W xg;Gf; nfhz;L tpl;l gpwF> mjid

Vw;Wf; nfhs;s vd;d jaf;fk;. rj;jpak; ,J jhd; vd;W xg;Gf; nfhz;ljd; gpd;dH> mjid Vw;Wf; nfhs;shky;

,Ug;gNj Kuz;ghldjy;yth? vg;nghOJ ePq;fs; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;L> mjd; rl;l jpl;lq;fisAk; KO

kdJld; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;wPHfNsh mg;nghOJ jhd; me;j khHf;fj;jpw;F vjpuhdtw;wpw;F vjpuhf> mjidg;

ghJfhg;gjw;F Kd;tu KbAk;"" vd;whHfs;.

kj;dh gpd; `hhpjh`; mtHfspd; jaf;fj;jpw;Fg; gpd;ghf> mtHfs; cjTtjhfr; nrhd;d thf;FWjpia

,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; Vw;Wf; nfhs;s ,ayhJ vd;W $wp tpl;lhHfs;.

,d;Dk; kpff; FWfpa fhyj;jpy; KO <uhdpag; NguuirAk; K];ypk;fspd; ifg;gpbf;Fs; ,iwtd; tpor; nra;J

tpLtij cq;fsJ fz;fshNyNa ePq;fs; fhzg; Nghfpd;wPHfs; vd;why;> mjid ePq;fs; ghHf;fj;jhd;

Nghfpd;wPHfs; vd;why; cq;fsJ epiy vt;thW ,Uf;Fk; vd;W Nfl;lhHfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;.

mtHfsJ mj;jid tsq;fSk;> tptrhak;> nghUshjhuk; Mfpa midj;Jk; K];ypk;fspd; trkhfp tpLk;.

,jidf; Nfl;l gpd;Gk; ePq;fs; Xhpiwtdhfpa my;yh`;it tzq;f khl;BHfsh> mtdJ Gfiog; ghl

khl;BHfsh? vd;whHfs;.

Mr;rhpak; fye;j Fuypy;> ''ePq;fs; nrhd;d midj;Jk; epr;rak; ele;NjWkh"" vd;whH E/khd; gpd; \phPf; mtHfs;.

<uhdpag; NguuR tPo;e;J K];ypk;fspd; iffSf;Fs; te;J tpl;lhy;> mjd; fz;zpaKk;> mjd; myq;fhuq;fSk;

jhd; vd;d..! me;j Neuj;jpy; cq;fsJ kjpg;G jhd; vd;d..! vd;W tpae;j mtiug; ghHj;J>

mtHfsJ me;j Mr;rhpak; cz;ik jhd; vd;gij nka;g;gpf;F Kfkhf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; fPo;fz;l

trdj;ij Xjpf; fhl;bdhHfs; :

egpNa! ehk; epr;rakhf ck;ikr; rhl;rpahfTk;; ed;khuhaq; $WgtuhfTk;> mr;r%l;b vr;rhpg;gtuhfTNk

mDg;gpAs;Nshk;. ,d;Dk; my;yh`;tpd; ghy; (kdpjHfis) - mtd; mDkjpg;gb - miog;gtuhfTk;; gpufhrpf;Fk;

tpsf;fhfTk; (ck;ik mDg;gpAs;Nshk;.) (33:45-46)

mjd; gpd;dH ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ MUapHj; NjhoH mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSld; jdJ

,Ug;gplj;jpw;F te;J tpl;lhHfs;. gD} \Pghd; Nfhj;jpuj;jtHfs; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;l me;j epfo;r;rp

ele;j me;j Neuj;jpy;> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; mspj;j ,Wjpr; nra;jpapy; mtHfSf;F ,e;j cyf

tho;f;ifapNyNa xU kpfg; nghpa ntw;wpf;fhd ed;khuaj;ij mwptpj;J tpl;Lj; jhd; te;jhHfs;.

,g;D mjPH mtHfs; $Wfpd;whHfs;> gD} \Pghdp Fyj;jtHfspy; xUtuhd ugPM vd;gtH <uhdpaHfSf;F vjpuhd

Nghhpy; fye;J nfhz;l nghOJ> <uhdpaHfs; Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;lhHfs;> mg;nghOJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;

$wpdhHfs;> ',d;iwa jpdk; muGf;fs; muGy;yhj xU $l;lj;jpw;F vjpuhf gop jPHj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;

vd;whHfs;."

ek;Kila ,e;j tuyhw;Wj; njhlH ehafuhd kj;dh mtHfs; ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisr; re;jpj;j

khj;jpuj;jpNyNa ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iy vdpDk;> mtuJ Nfhj;jpuj;jtHfs; tpiutpy; ,];yhj;ij

Vw;Wf; nfhs;thHfs;> ,d;Dk; ,];yhkpa [p`hjpy; fye;J nfhz;L kpfg; nghpa ntw;wpia <l;LthHfs; vd;wnjhU

ed;khuaj;ij mg;nghOJ ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfshy; toq;fg;gl;l ed;khuhak;

gpd;dhspy; cz;ikahfNt epiwNtwpaJ. gpd;dhspy; kj;dh mtHfs; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;L> ,];yhkpa

Page 73: History of islamic army generals in tamil

rhk;uh[;aj;jpw;F kpfTk; typik NrHg;gtuhfTk;> mtuJ tUifapy; K];ypk;fspd; gyKk; mjpfhpj;jJ vd;Wk;

$wyhk;.

rpy tuyhw;W Ma;thsHfspd; $w;Wg;gb> ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; kjpdhtpw;F `p[;uj; nry;tjw;F Kd;ghfNt

,e;jf; Nfhj;jpuj;jtHfs; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;L tpl;lhHfs; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;whHfs;. gD} \Pghdp

Nfhj;jpuj;jhiur; re;jpj;J tpl;L te;j gpd;> kj;dh mtHfspd; FO jhd; Kjd; Kjyhf ,iwj;J}jH (]y;)

mtHfisr; re;jpj;jJ vd;Wk; $wg;gLfpd;wJ. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; vLj;J itj;j ,iwtrdq;fs; jhd;>

mtHfsJ kdjpy; Mokhd jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ. ,];yhk; vd;gJ rj;jpa khHf;fk; vd;gij csg;G+Htkhf

mtH Muk;gj;jpNyNa Vw;Wf; nfhz;l NghjpYk;> gy;NtW Gwepiyf; fhuzq;fSf;F mjid ntspg;gilahf

mwptpf;fhky; ,Ue;jhH.

my;yh`;itAk;> mtdJ J}juhd ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfisAk; Vw;Wf; nfhz;L tpl;ljd; gpd;dH>

,];yhj;jpidf; iftpl;L tpl;L kWjspj;jtHfis mlf;Ftjw;fhf mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; gjpndhU gilfis

cUthf;fpdhHfs;. me;jf; fpsHr;rpahsHfis xLf;Ftjw;fhf gy;NtW gFjpfSf;Fk; ,e;jg; gilfs; mDg;gp

itf;fg;gl;ld> ,tHfs; ,];yhj;ijg; ghJfhf;Fk; gzpapy; gy;NtW gFjpfSf;Fk; nrd;whHfs;.

Kjy; gilia mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfsJ jiyikapy;> jyP`h gpd;

fthyj; vd;gtid xLf;Ftjw;fhf mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;.

Ki]ykh fj;jhig xLf;Ftjw;fhf ,f;hpkh (uyp) mtHfsJ jiyikapy; gil nrd;wJ

akd; Njrj;jpd; m];tj; md;]p vd;gtid xLf;Ftjw;fhf K`h[pH gpd; mG+ cika;ah (uyp) mtHfsJ

jiyikapy; gil mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;lJ.

rphpahtpy; fpsHr;rpapy; <Lgl;ltHfSf;F vjpuhf fhypj; gpd; ]aPj; gpd; M]; (uyp) mtHfs; jiyikapy; gil

mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;lJ.

gD} FjhM vd;w Nfhj;jpuj;jhiu mlf;Ftjw;fhf cikH gpd; M]; (uyp) mtHfsJ jiyikapy; gil

mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;lJ.

`{ij/gh gpd; K`;]pd; (uyp) mtHfis Xkd; Njrj;jpw;F mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;lJ.

nk`;uh kf;fis vjpHnfhs;tjw;fhf mu/g[h gpd; `hhp];kh`; (uyp) mtHfs; mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;lhHfs;.

akdpd; xUgFjpahfpa j`hkh kf;fis vjpHnfhs;tjw;fhf mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; Ritj; gpd; kf;uhd;

(uyp) mtHfis mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;.

gD} ]yPk; kw;Wk; gD} `t]hd; MfpNahHfSf;F vjpuhf jhP/gh gpd; `hjH (uyp) mtHfs; mDg;gp

itf;fg;gl;lhHfs;.

,f;hpkh gpd; mG+[`;y; (uyp) mtHfSf;F cjTtjw;fhf ]H[Py; gpd; `]dh (uyp) mtHfsJ jiyikapy;

gil mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;lJ.

g`;iud; Njrj;jpw;F Myh gpd; `j;ukp (uyp) mtHfsJ jiyikapy; gil mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;lJ.

kj;dh gpd; \Pghdp (uyp) mtHfsJ Nfhj;jpuj;jhhpd; tho;tplq;fs; g`;iud;> akhkh kw;Wk; <uhd; Njrj;jpid

xl;bajhf mjd; vy;iyg; Gwq;fspy; mike;jpUe;jJ. fpsHr;rpahsHfshd g`;iudpd; gD} ugPM Nfhj;jpuj;jhiu

ntw;wp nfhs;tjw;F VJthf Myh gpd; `o;ukp (uyp) mtHfs; kj;dh (uyp) mtHfspd; Jiziag; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;tjw;fhf mtHfSld; njhlHG nfhz;lhHfs;. khngUk; tPuHfshd gD} \Pghdp Nfhj;jpuj;jhHfs; kj;dh

(uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikapy; Myh gpd; `o;ukp (uyp) mtHfsJ gilAld; ,ize;J nfhz;lhHfs;. ,e;jg;

gilfs; fpsHr;rpahsHfis xLf;Ftjpy; kpf Kf;fpag; gq;fhw;wpaJ. kj;dh (uyp) mtHfs; kpfr; rpwe;j Nerg; gil

vd;gij me;jg; Nghhpy; ep&gpj;Jf; fhl;baNjhL kl;Lky;yhJ> g`;iudpd; ,uz;L efuq;fshd fjP/g; kw;Wk;

`[;H Mfpatw;iwAk; ifg;gw;wpdhHfs;. mjd; gpd;dH <uhid ntw;wp nfhs;tjw;Fk; mtH cjtpdhH> ,d;Dk;

tisFlhg; gFjpapd; tlf;F vy;iyg; gFjpahfpa A+g;ub]; kw;Wk; j[;yh ejpfs; flypy; fyf;Fk; Kfj;Jthuk;

tiuf;Fk; ,];yhkpag; gilfs; nry;tjw;F top Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jhH.

kpfr; rpwe;j tuyhw;W mwpQuhd tg;H> fh]pk; gpd; M]pk; mj;jkPkp mtHfs; kj;dh mtHfsJ jhf;fk; ve;jsTf;F

,Ue;jJ vd;gij ,t;thW Fwpg;gpLfpd;whH :

Page 74: History of islamic army generals in tamil

''kj;dh gpd; `hhpjh (uyp) mtHfs; rhjhuz kdpjH my;y> cz;ikapy; mtH.. gD} \Pghdp

Nfhj;jpuj;jpd; kpf ,s taJj; jiytUk; ,d;Dk; mNugpahtpd; Gfo; kpf;f tPuUk; MthH.""

kj;dh (uyp) mtHfs; mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfspd; mitf;F te;J> <uhNdhL NghH Ghptjw;F mDkjp mspf;FkhW

jhNd Kd;te;J mDkjp Nfl;lhHfs;. mjw;F xg;GjYk; mspf;fg;gl;lJ. <uhd; Njrj;NjhL K];ypk;fs; NghH

nra;J me;j Njrj;ijf; ifg;gw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;w MHtj;ij Kjd; Kjy; K];ypk;fSf;F Cl;batNu kj;dh (uyp)

mtHfs; jhd;. ,d;Dk; <uhDf;F vjpuhf mtH NghH Kurk; xypf;fr; nra;j me;j ehl;fspy;> <uhidg; gw;wpg;

NgRtjw;Fk; mjd; kPJ NghH K];jPG nra;tjw;Fk; ahUf;FNk Jzpr;ry; ,Ue;jjpy;iy> me;j msTf;F <uhdhdJ

kpfTk; gykpf;f> vjphpfis mr;rk; nfhs;sr; nra;af; $ba msTf;F gyk; nghUe;jpajhfTk; ,Ue;jJ. kj;dh

(uyp) mtHfspd; ,e;j Jzpr;ry; kpf;f eltbf;ifapd; Muk;gk; jhd;> <uhf; K];ypk;fspd; trkhdJ> <uhf; Kjypy;

ntw;wp nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

,iltplhJ njhlHe;NjHr;rpahf <uhf; kPJ kj;dh mtHfs; NghH njhLj;j tz;zk; ,Ue;jhHfs;. jdJ NghH

eltbf;iffis tpiuT gLj;Jtjw;fhf NkYk; gilfis mDg;gp itf;FkhW mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsplk; kj;dh

(uyp) mtHfs; Ntz;LNfhs; tpLj;jhHfs;. vjphpfs; %r;R tpLtjw;Ff; $l mtHfs; re;jHg;gk; toq;fg;gl;L tplf;

$lhJ vd;gjpy; kpfTk; ftdkhf ,Ue;jhHfs;. akhkh tpy; jq;fp ,Ue;j fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfis>

<uhf;fpd; kPJ Kw;Wifapl;Ls;s kj;dh (uyp) mtHfSf;F cjtpf;Fr; nry;Yk;gb cj;ju tpl;lhHfs;. ,d;Dk;

kj;dh (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikapd; fPo; epd;W gzpahw;Wk;gb fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfSf;F mGgf;fH (uyp)

cj;jutpl;bUe;jhHfs;. tpiue;J te;J <uhf;if mile;j fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs;> <uhf;fpa

gilj;jiytdhd `H%]; f;F ,t;thW fbjk; vOjpdhHfs; :

fhypj; gpd; tyPj; Mfpa ehd; `H%]; f;F vOjpf; nfhs;tJ>

''rj;jpaj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;gtHfSf;F rhe;jpAk; rkhjhdKk; cz;lhtjhf. ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;> mJNt

ckf;F kpfTk; ey;yJ. vq;fsJ ghJfhg;gpd; fPo; ,Ue;J nfhs;tjw;fhf cdf;Fk; cd;Dila kf;fSf;Fkhf

thpiar; nrYj;jp tpL. vq;fsJ ,e;j Ntz;LNfhis eP Vw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iy vd;why;> mjd; tpisT

vjpHnfhs;sj; jahuhf ,U. tho;tij tpl cd;djkhd Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf jq;fsJ ,d;Dapiu ,of;fTk; jahuhf

,Uf;ff; $banjhU $l;lj;Jld; ehd; cd;Dila vy;iyg; gFjpf;Nf te;J tpl;Nld;.""

fbjj;ijg; gbj;J Kbj;j `H%]; Nfhgk; jiyf;Nfwpatdhf jdJ gilfis Gfo;kpf;f efukhd fj;kpah>

g]uhtpw;Fs; mUfpy; cs;s efuj;jpw;F kpfTk; glhNlhghd MHg;ghl;lq;fSld; jdJ gilf;Fj; jiyik jhq;fp

te;jhd;. fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ gilia %d;W gphpthfg; gphpj;J xU gilia kj;dh (uyp)

mtHfspd; jiyikapy; mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. kpfTk; tPuhNt\j;Jld; kj;dh (uyp) mtHfspd; jiyikapy; fsk;

GFe;j K];ypk;fs;> <uhdpag; gilfis Xl Xl tpul;b mbj;jhHfs;. kpfg; nghpa nry;tq;fisg; NghHg; ghprhfg;

ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. xt;nthU K];ypk; tPuUk; NghHj; jsthlq;fisg; ghprhfg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lNjhL> Xuhapuk;

jpH`k;fisAk; ghprhfg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. kj;dh (uyp) mtHfs; NghHjsthlf; fUtpfisg; ngw;Wf;

nfhz;lNjhL epd;W nfhz;lhH> gz ntFkjpfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjpy; mtH MHtk; fhl;ltpy;iy> mJ

mtUf;F Kf;fpakhdJkd;W> my;yh`; ,];yhkpag; gilfSf;F mspj;j ntw;wpNa jdf;F ,iwtd; mspj;j kpfg;

nghpa ghprhf mtH fUjpaNj mtH cyf Mjhaq;fSf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspf;fhikf;fhd fhuzkhf ,Ue;jJ

vd;why; mjpy; kpifapy;iy.

my; ]yh]py; Nghhpy; ngU ntw;wp ngw;wjd; gpd;dH Xa;Tf;fhf k]hH gFjpia Nehf;fpr; nrd;w <uhdpag;gilfs;

mq;fpUe;J nfhz;L> ejpf; fiuapy; xd;W$b kPz;Lk; jq;fsJ gilfis xUq;fpizf;f Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

,d;ndhU Nghiu Muk;gpg;gjw;F Kd;gjhf mtHfs; Xa;ntLj;Jf; nfhz;L> jq;fis KO mstpy; jahHgLj;jpf;

nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj mtHfsJ jpl;lkhf ,Ue;jJ.

kj;dh gpd; `hhpjh (uyp) mtHfSila rNfhjuuhd khdp gpd; `hhpjh (uyp) mtHfs; me;j ejpf;fiuapy; xd;W

$bapUe;j gilfs; vd;djhd; nra;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;w vd;gJ gw;wp Nehl;lk; tpl;l nghOJ> mtHfs; ve;j

NeuKk; ,];yhkpag; gilfs; kPJ jhf;Fjy; njhLf;fyhk; vd;w mtHfsJ Nehf;fj;ijg; Ghpe;J nfhz;lhHfs;.

mtHfs; jhq;fs; ,oe;j gFjpfis vg;gbAk; kPl;lhf Ntz;Lk;> Njhy;tpf;F gjpyb nfhLj;jhf Ntz;Lk; vd;W

<uhdpaHfsJ cs;sj;jpy; fdd;W nfhz;bUe;j tQ;rf neUg;ig mwpe;J nfhz;l khdp gpd; `hhpjh (uyp)

mtHfs;> <uhdpaHfspd; Nehf;fk; ,J jhd; vd;gij fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfsplk; njhptpj;jhHfs;.

Page 75: History of islamic army generals in tamil

mjidf; Nfl;l fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp)mtHfs; rw;Wk; jhkjpf;fhJ kj;dh kw;Wk; khdp gpd; `hhpjh (uyp)

MfpNahHfisAk; cs;slf;fpa gilia clNd fpsg;gp> <uhdpaHfs; kPJ jhf;Fjy; njhLf;fg; gzpj;jhHfs;.

K];ypk;fspd; jhf;Fjypy; epiyFiye;J Nghd <uhdpaHfs; ,k;KiwAk; K];ypk;fsplk; Njhw;Wg; NghdhHfs;.

Nghhpy; ifg;gw;wg;gl;l nghUl;fis kjPdhtpw;F mDg;gp itj;J tpl;L> k]hH ypNyNa fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp)

mtHfs; jq;fp tpl;lhHfs;. ,e;jg; Nghhpid tuyhW 'jhdp" vd;wiof;fpd;wJ. fhuzk;> ,e;jg; NghH jhdp vd;w

Mw;wpd; fiuapdpNy ele;jJ. ,d;Dk; kj;dh (uyp) mtHfspd; tPuKk;> mtHfsJ mDgtKk; kpfr; rpwe;j

ntw;wpia K];ypk;fSf;Fg; ngw;Wj; je;jJ.

kpfTk; fbdkhf #o;epiyfspy; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs; kj;dh (uyp) mtHfsplk; fye;jhNyhrid

nra;af; $batHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs;. ,d;Dk; gy re;jHg;gq;fspy; ntw;wp nfhs;sg;gl;l gFjpfspy; kj;dh (uyp)

mtHfis epHthfpahfTk;> jdJ gpujpepjpahfTk; kj;dh (uyp) mtHfis epakpj;J tpl;L> gilfSld; jhd;

Kd;Ndwpr; nrd;wpUf;fpd;whHfs; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs;.

mt;thW fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs; `puhj; vd;w gFjpia Kw;WifapLtjw;fhf me;jg; gFjpf;F

nrd;wile;j nghOJ> me;jg; gFjpNa Ms; mutkw;w epiyapy; ntwpr;Nrhbf; fple;jJ. gpd;dH jhd; mtHfs;

midtUk; Nfhl;ilf;Fs; milf;fyk; GFe;jpUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;gjid mwpe;J nfhs;s Kbe;jJ. rpy nghWf;fp

vLf;fg;gl;l jsgjpfisf; nfhz;L me;jf; Nfhl;ilia Kw;Wifaplr; nra;jhHfs;. mt;thW Kw;Wifapl;ltHfspy;

juhH gpd; m];tH (uyp) mtHfs; nts;isf; Nfhl;iliaAk;> ,d;Dk; juhH gpd; fj;jhg; (uyp) mtHfs; mHgh,d;

Nfhl;iliaAk; Kw;Wifapl;lhHfs;. mjidg; NghyNt Vida K];ypk; tPuHfs; Nfhl;ilapidr; Rw;wpYk;

Kw;Wifapl;lthW epd;W nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ kj;dh (uyp) mtHfs; mk;H gpd; gfPyh tpDila

Nfhl;ilia xU Rw;Wr; Rw;wp te;j nghOJ> mk;H gpd; mg;Jy; k]P`; k; me;j ,lj;jpy; ,Ue;jhH.

me;jf; Nfhl;ilapy; milf;fyk; GFe;jpUf;Fk; kf;fis ,];yhj;jpd;ghy; miof;FkhW jdJ gilapdUf;F

cj;jutpl;lhH fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs;. mtHfs; mjid Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhy; ey;yJ> mt;thwpy;yh

tpl;lhy; mtHfsJ KbT vd;dntd;gijj; jPHkhdpg;gjw;F rw;W mtfhrk; toq;fpLq;fs;. me;j mtfhr fhyj;jpy;

mtHfs; ve;j KbTf;F tuhtpl;lhy;> mtHfs; kPJ NghH njhLj;jpLq;fs; vd;W fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs;

jdJ gilapdUf;F cj;jutpl;lhHfs;. Nfhl;ilf;Fs; Eioe;jpUe;jtHfSk;> ,dp trkhf khl;bf; nfhz;Nlhk;

vd;gij czHe;jjd; gpd;dH> thp nry;Ytjw;F xg;Gf; nfhz;lhHfs;. mjw;Fg; gfukhf jq;fsJ tho;Tf;Fk;>

nrhj;Jf;fSf;Fk; ghJfhg;G toq;FkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,tHfsJ ,e;jf; Nfhhpf;ifia xU J}JtH

%ykhf fyp/gh mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSf;Fj; njhptpj;J mtHfsJ rk;kjj;ijf; NfhhpdhHfs;. mGgf;fH rpj;jPf;

(uyp) mtHfSk; rk;kjk; njhptpj;J> thpia mwtpLk;gb Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhHfs;> ,J fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp)

mtHfspd; NjhoHfSf;F ey;ynjhU cw;rhfj;ijj; je;jJ.

fyp/gh mtHfsJ rk;kjj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs;> `puh kf;fspd; rhHghf te;j

mjP gpd; mjP> mk;H gpd; mjP> mk;H gpd; mg;Jy; k]P`; kw;Wk; mah]; gpd; fgP]h MfpNahHfs; xg;gkpl>

K];ypk;fspd; rhHgpy; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs; xg;gkpl;;lhHfs;. fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfSf;F

mLj;jjhf mtHfSf;Ff; fPo; ,aq;fp midj;J jsgjpfSk; me;j xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifnaOj;jpl;lhHfs;. `puh

kf;fs; ve;jtpj epHg;ge;jKkpy;yhJ> tpUg;gj;JlNdNa xg;ge;jj;jpw;F rk;kjpj;jhHfs;. ,e;j xg;ge;jk; %ykhf

`puh gFjpAk; K];ypk;fs; trkhdJ> Ml;rpf;Fl;gl;l gpuNjrkhf khwpaJ.

<uhdpag; gilfSld; NghH nra;J ntw;wp ngw;wpUe;j Neuk; mJ> K];ypk;fs; rw;W Kd; jhd; Nghhpy; <Lgl;L

fisg;Gld; ,Uf;fpd;whHfs;> vdNt ,g;nghOJ Nghiu vjpHghuhj tpjj;jpy; Jtf;fpdhy; ekf;Nf ntw;wp vd;W

Nuhkdpa gilj;jsgjp n`HFy]; jPHkhdpj;jhd;. mtdJ me;j NghHj; jahhpg;Gfisg; gw;wp fyp/gh mGgf;fH (uyp)

mtHfs; mwpe;jhHfs;. mjid mwpe;j khj;jpuj;jpNyNa Mr;rhpaj;jhy; mtHfsJ GUtq;fs; caHe;jd.

''my;yh`;tpd; kPJ Mizahf..> fhypj; gpd; typj; (uyp) mtHfs; %ykhf ,e;j NuhkHfSf;F ehd; xU ghlk;

fw;gpj;Jf; nfhLf;fg; Nghfpd;Nwd;> mtHfs; igj;jpak; gpbj;J Xlg; Nghfpd;whHfs;"" vd;W Mr;rhpag;gl;Lf;

$wpdhHfs;.

mg;nghONj fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfSf;Ff; fbjk; vOjpdhHfs; mGgf;fH(uyp) mtHfs; :

X.. mG+ Riykhd; mtHfNs> cq;fsJ NeHikahd kw;Wk; cd;djkhd Nehf;fj;jpw;F my;yh`; epug;gkhd

ew;$ypia toq;Fthdhf. my;yh`;tpDila NguUisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf cq;fSila rf;jpfisAk;>

Page 76: History of islamic army generals in tamil

Mw;wy;fisAk; nrytpLq;fs;> mtd; cq;fs; kPJ fUiziag; nghopthd;> ,d;Dk; jw;Gfo;r;rp> ngUik

Mfpatw;wpdpd;Wk; tpyfp ,Uq;fs;> mit cq;fsJ ew;nray;fisg; ghobj;J tpLk;. fHtj;Jld; jphpgtHfs;

vg;nghOJNk mtkhpahijiaAk;> fz;zpaf; FiwitAk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;thHfs;. my;yh`; vg;nghOJk; ekf;F

ed;ikia ehLthd;> mtNd mUl;nfhilfis toq;ff; $ba NguUshsdhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;. cq;fsplk; ,Uf;ff;

$ba gilapdhpy; ghjpia cq;fSld; mioj;Jr; nry;Yq;fs;> kPjp cs;s ghjpg; gilfis mq;NfNa tpl;Lr;

nry;Yq;fs;. mtHfis kj;dh (uyp) mtHfspd; nghWg;gpy; tpl;Lr; nry;Yq;fs; vd;W me;jf; fbjj;ij

Kbj;jpUe;jhHfs;.

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsplk; cj;juitg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs;> rw;W jd; Kd; cs;s

gilapdiu Nehl;lk; tpl;lhHfs;. mtHfspy; kpfr; rpwe;jtHfisj; jd;Dld; NrHj;Jf; nfhz;L> kPjKs;s

fPo;gbjOs;s NjhoHfis kj;dh (uyp) mtHfspd; nghWg;gpy; tpl;lhHfs;. gilfs; ,U $whfg; gphptjw;F Kjypy;

kj;dh (uyp) mtHfs; xg;Gf; nfhs;stpy;iy. mtHfspy; xU gFjpapdiuj; NjHT nra;j tpjj;ij ghHj;j kj;dh

(uyp) mtHfs; kpfTk; ftiyf;Fs;shdhHfs;. Mdhy;> ,e;j cj;juT mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfsplkpUe;j te;jjd;

fhuzkhf> rhp..> ePq;fs; fyp/ghtpDila cj;juTf;Ff; fl;Lg;gLq;fs;> mNjNeuj;jpy; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp)

mtHfNs..! ePq;fs; ,t;thW gphpj;njLg;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf> vy;yhj; jug;gpypUe;Jk; rhp ghjpahf ePq;fs; gphpg;gJ

ey;yJ vd;W $wpdhHfs; kj;dh (uyp) mtHfs;.

ehd; gilfis ,t;thW gphpj;jpUg;gJ> ey;ynjhU Nehf;fj;ij Kd;dpl;Lj;jhd; gphpj;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;> me;j tifapy;

jhd; ehd; tpUk;gpatHfisj; NjHT nra;jpUf;fpd;Nwd; vd;W fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfs; kj;dh (uyp)

mtHfSf;F tpsf;fkspj;jhHfs;.

me;j tpsf;fj;ijf; Nfl;l gpd;G> mjpy; jpUg;jpaile;j kj;dh (uyp) mtHfs;> ''my;yh`; cq;fisg;

ghJfhg;ghdhf> ,d;Dk; cq;fs;kPJ mUl;nfhilfisg; nghopthdhf. cq;fsJ jiyikj;Jtj;ijAk;

epiyj;jpUf;fr; nra;thdhf> ,d;Dk; cq;fs; kPJ mUl;nra;J kpfg; ngUk; gyj;ijAk; mspg;ghdhf..!"" vd;W

JMr; nra;jtz;zk; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uyp) mtHfis topaDg;gp itj;jhHfs;.

gytPdkhd kw;Wk; fhakile;jpUe;j NjhoHfis kjPdhtpw;F mDg;gp itj;J tpl;L> vQ;rpAs;s NjhoHfis

mioj;Jf; nfhz;L aH%f; Nehf;fp jdJ gazj;ijj; Jtq;fpdhHfs; kj;dh(uyp) mtHfs;.

,];yhkpag; gilfs; ,U$whfg; gphpe;jJ gw;wpa jfty; fpilf;fg; ngw;w <uhdpag; Nguurd; ,J jhd;

K];ypk;fSf;F jf;f ghlk; fw;gpj;Jf; nfhLf;Fk; jUzk; vd;gij czHe;jtdhf> ,e;j re;jHg;gj;ij eOthJ

gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W rgjnkLj;jtdhf> K];ypk; gilfis vjpHnfhs;tjw;fhf Ntz;b kpfg;

nghpa giliaj; jahH nra;J> n`hH%]; [j;tpah vd;w jsgjpapd; fPo; NghHf;fsj;jpw;F mDg;gp itj;jhd;.

mJTky;yhJ> kjdh (uyp) mtHfis mr;RWj;jp xU fbjj;ijAk; mDg;gp itj;jhd;.

cq;fis vjpHg;gjw;fhfNt gaq;fukhd> vjw;Fk; mQ;rhj> ,d;Dk; ,uj;j jhfk; nfhz;lnjhU gilia ehd;

mDg;gp itj;Js;Nsd;> me;jg; giladhJ gd;wpfisAk;> NfhopfisAk; Nka;g;gtHfisf; nfhz;ljhFk;.

mtHfisf; nfhz;Nl cq;fis ehd; vjpHf;fr; rpj;jkhf ,Uf;fpd;Nwd; vd;W me;jf; fbjj;jpy; <uhdpa kd;dd;

vOjp ,Ue;jhd;.

mjw;F gjyspf;F Kfkhf kj;dh (uyp) mtHfSk; xU fbjj;ij vOjp mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;. me;jf; fbjkhdJ

Gj;jprhypj;jdkhf> Qhdk; epiwe;jjhf kw;Wk; njhiy Nehf;Fr; rpe;jid nfhz;ljhf vOjg;gl;bUe;jJ.

''fbjj;ijg;ngw;Wf; nfhz;Nld;> #oy;fisAk; mwpe;J nfhz;Nld;. ePq;fs; vOjpatw;wpypUe;J ePq;fs; xU

td;KiwahsH my;yJ topnfl;Lg; NghdtH my;yJ xU ngha;aH vd;gijg; Ghpe;J nfhz;Nld;. ,e;j epiy

ckf;F nfl;lJ> vkf;Nfh rhjfkhdJ. xd;iw ePq;fs; Ghpe;J nfhs;tJ ey;yJ..> MSk; kd;dHfs;

ngha;Aiug;gH vd;why; mJ mtHfSf;F mtkhdfukhdjhFk;> ,d;Dk; kf;fspd; Kd;ghf mtH mrpq;fg;gl

Ntz;bajpUf;Fk;. my;yh`;tpDila jz;lidfs; mtiur; #o;e;J nfhs;Sk;. vq;fsJ Ghpe;JzHTfSk;>

,d;Dk; mDgtq;fSk; vq;fSf;F vjid Kd;dwptpf;fpd;wnjd;why;> cq;fSf;F kuzk; md;kpj;J tpl;ljd;

fhuzkhfj; jhd; vq;fis vjpHf;f Kd;te;jpUf;fpd;wPHfs; Nghyj; Njhd;Wfpd;wJ. ghk;G ,wf;f Ntz;Lnkd;why;

mJ jd; tiyia tpl;Lk; ntsp te;jhf Ntz;Lky;yth..! my;yh`;tpw;Nf ehq;fs; ed;wp $wpf; nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;..>

mtNd MLfisAk;> Xeha;fisAk;> gd;wpfisAk;> NfhopfisAk; Nka;g;gtHfisf; nfhz;lnjhU gilia

vq;fSf;F vjpuhf mDg;gp itj;jpUf;fpd;whd;. jaTnra;J kz;ilapy; vJTkpy;yhj me;j kilaHfis vq;fis

vjpHf;f mioj;J thUq;fs;. cdJ Nghjhj mwpT kw;Wk; Qhdj;ijf; fz;L ehq;fs; kpfTk; ghpjhg;gLfpd;Nwhk;""

Page 77: History of islamic army generals in tamil

vd;W jdJ fbj;ij kj;dh (uyp) mtHfs; Kbj;jpUe;jhHfs;.

''thUk;..! vq;fsJ gyj;ijg; ghpNrhjpg;gjw;F..>

ePH ckJ mk;Gfisg; ghpNrhjpf;Fk; NghJ>

ehq;fs; vq;fsJ tPuj;ijg; ghpNrhjpg;Nghk;""

<uhdpag; gilfs; fsj;jpy; ,wq;fp ,Ue;j nghOJ> mtHfis vjpHg;gjw;fhf K];ypk; gilfSf;F jiyik

jhq;fpa tz;zk; kj;dh (uyp) mtHfs; Kd;dzpapy; epd;whHfs;. kjhad; vd;w ,lj;jpy; cf;fpukkhf NghH

ele;jJ. me;jg; Nghhpy; my;yh`;tpd; kpfg; ngUk; fUizapd; fhuzkf K];ypk; gilfs; ntd;wd. ,e;j

ntw;wpr; nra;jpia mwptpg;gjw;fhf xU kliy> fyp/gh mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfSf;F vOjpdhHfs;. ,e;j

,ilg;gl;l fhyj;jpy; ,];yhj;ij tpl;Lk; ntspapy; nrd;w NjhoHfs; rpyH> kPz;Lk; ,];yhj;jpw;Fs; tUtjw;F

jhq;fshfNt tpUg;gk; njhptpj;jpUe;j epiyapy;> mtHfis Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F fyp/gh mtHfs; mDkjp mspf;f

Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; kj;dh (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ fbjj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhHfs;. mtHfsJ mDgtk; kw;Wk;

jpwikfis K];ypk; gilfs; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s KbAk; vd;W mjpy; NkYk; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhHfs;.

,e;j ,ilg;gl;l fhyj;jpy;> mtuJ klYf;fhf gjpy; tuj; jhkjkhfpaJ. nghWj;Jg; ghHj;j kj;dh (uyp)

mtHfs;> jhNd kjPdh nrd;W fyp/gh mtHfisr; re;jpj;J> Nkw;fz;l gpur;idf;fhd mDkjpiag; ngw;W tUtJ

vd;Nw fpsk;gp tpl;lhHfs;. mq;F nrd;w nghOJ jhd; njhpe;jJ> fyp/gh mtHfs; kuzg;gLf;ifapy;

tPo;e;jpUf;fpd;whHfs;. epyik rw;W ftiyf;fplkhf cs;sJ vd;gijj; njhpe;J nfhz;lhHfs;. fyp/gh

mtHfisr; re;jpf;fr; nrd;w nghOJ> fyp/gh mtHfs; gLf;ifapy; fple;jhHfs;. kj;dh (uyp) mtHfisg; ghHj;j

khj;jpuj;jpy;..> fyp/gh mtHfsJ Kfk; gpufhurkile;jJ. kj;dh (uyp) mtHfs; $wpatw;iw ftdkhff; Nfl;Lf;

nfhz;l mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs;..> ckH (uyp) mtHfis mioj;J..> kjdh (uyp) mtHfs; $Wfpd;w

midj;Jk; kjpg;Gkpf;fit> mtw;iw Vw;W eilKiwg;gLj;Jq;fs; vd;whHfs;. ehd; ,d;iwa khiyf;Fs;

,Ug;Ngdh my;yJ vdJ ,iwtdpd; miog;ig Vw;Wr; nrd;W tpLNtdh vd;gJ njhpahJ. ehd; vdJ ,iwtd;

miof;fg;gl;L tpl;Nlndd;why;> kj;dh (uyp) mtHfsJ jiyikapy; xU gilia jhkjkpd;wp mDg;gp itj;J

tpLq;fs;> ,ilg;gl;l Neuj;jpy; vt;tsT nghpa Jf;fukhd epfo;Tfs; epfo;e;jhYk; rhp..> mtuJ gil Gwg;gLtJ

jhkjkhf Ntz;lhk; vd;W $wpdhHfs;. ,d;Dk; rphpah ntw;wp nfhs;sg;gl;L tpl;;lnjd;why;> fhypj; gpd; tyPj;

(uyp) mtHfsJ jiyikapy; ,aq;Fk; gilia <uhf;fpw;F jpUk;gp te;JtpLk;gb cj;jutpLk;gbAk; fyp/gh

mGgf;fH(uyp) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;.

mGgf;fH (uyp) mtHfs; ,we;J tpl;lhHfs;> mjpfhiyj; njhOiff;F Kd;gjhfNt kj;dh (uyp) mtHfspd;

jiyikapy; cs;s gilia <uhdpag; gilfis vjpHg;gjw;Fj; jahH nra;jhHfs;. #hpad; cjakhfp rw;W

Neuj;jpw;nfy;yhk;..> ckH (uyp) mtHfis fyp/ghthf kf;fs; Vw;W> igmj; nra;Jnfz;lhHfs;. ckH (uyp)

mtHfs; Ml;rpj; jiytuhfg; nghWg;Ngw;Wf; nfhz;L %d;W ehl;fshfpAk;> kf;fs; fPo;gbahik kw;Wk;

nghLNghf;Fj; jdk; kw;Wk; <uhdpag; gilfis vjpHg;gJ vt;thW vd;W ek;gpf;ifaPdj;Jld; fpsk;gj; jhkjk;

nra;J te;jdH. mtHfspd; mr;rj;ijg; Nghf;fp..> [p`hj; Fwpj;j cd;djj;ij vLj;jpak;gp mtHfis NghHf;fsk;

Nehf;fp tpiua itj;jw;fhdnjhU tPu ciuia kj;dh(uyp) mtHfs; epfo;j;jpdhHfs;.

vd;dUikj; NjhoHfNs..!

ehk; <uhdpaHfspd; KJnfYk;ig Kwpj;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;..> ek;ik ntw;wp ngw;W tplyhk; vd;w ijhpaj;ij mtHfs;

,oe;J tpl;lhHfs;..> ,d;Dk; mjpy; mjid Kw;wpYNk ,oe;J tpl;lhHfs;. Kd;G mtHfsplk; ,Ue;j ijhpak;

,g;nghOJ ,y;iy. ePq;fs; ty;yik kpf;f my;yh`;tpd; rpq;fq;fs;> ,d;Dk; NghHf;;fsj;jpy; ehafHfs;>

,j;ijfa ed;kf;fis vjpHghHj;J ntw;wp fhj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. cq;fsJ tPuk; kw;Wk; caHthdJ..> mtHfspd;

cs;sj;jpy; mr;rj;ij Vw;gLj;jp cr;re; jiyKjy; cs;sq;fhy;fs; tiuf;Fk; mr;rj;ij tpijj;jpUf;fpd;wJ.

NghHf;fsj;jpy; ePq;fs; fhl;lf; $ba tPuj;ij epidj;J tpl;lhy; tPl;by; ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ $l mr;rj;jhy;

eLeLq;ff; $batHfshf> cjtp nra;a ahUkw;w epiyapy; tPo;e;J fplf;fpd;whHfs;. mtHfsJ me;j Mztk;>

fHtk; mj;jidiaAk; jtpL nghbahf;Ftjw;fhf ePq;fs; fpsHe;njOq;fs;> mtHfsJ rfhg;jj;ij tuyhw;wpypUe;J

Jilj;njwpe;J tpLq;fs; vd;W ciuahw;wpdhHfs;. vq;Nf..> vd;Dld; fpsk;Gtjw;Fj; jahuhFq;fs;..> ,d;Dk;

mlf;FKiw Ml;rpahsHfspd; KJnfYk;ig Kwpj;njLg;gjw;Ff; fpsk;Gq;fs; vd;whHfs;.

,d;Dk; ckH (uyp) mtHfSk; xU tPu ciuia Mw;wpdhHfs;. mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfSk;> ,d;Dk; rpy

Page 78: History of islamic army generals in tamil

K[h`pjPd;fSk; vOe;J epd;W 'my;yh`{mf;gH" vd;W Koq;fpdhHfs;. ,jidj; njhlHe;J ehq;fs; NghUf;Fj;

jahH vd;W gjpy; Fuy;fs; tpz;iz epiwj;jd. kf;fs; <uhdpag; gilfis vjpHnfhs;tjw;Fj; jahuhfp

fpsk;gpdhHfs;. kpfTk; fbdkhf gazj;jpw;Fg; gpd;Nd..> $/gh vd;w ,lj;jpy; jq;fpdhHfs;. rpy ehl;fs; fopj;J

ek;uf;" vd;w ,lj;jpy; itj;J ,uz;L gilfSk; kpfTk; cf;fpukkhd Kiwapy; Nkhjpd. <uhdpaj; jsgjp k`hd;

mtHfs; rpiwgpbf;fg;gl;lNjhL> gilfs; rpjwp Xl Muk;gpj;jd. ,e;jg; Nghhpy; K];ypk; tPuHfs; Vuhskhd NghHg;

nghUl;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. mjpy; Ie;jpy; xU ghfk; kjPdhtpw;F mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;lJ. cz;ikapy;>

jsgjp kj;dh (uyp) mtHfs; vjid epidj;jhHfNsh..> mjidj; jq;fsJ nraypy; fhl;b ntw;wp ngw;whHfs;.

jdJ czHr;rpia FHMd; trdnkhd;iwf; $wp ntspg;gLj;jpf; fhl;bdhHfs;.

muGf;fSf;Nf chpa me;j Ntfj;jpy; fsk; GFe;j K];ypk; giltPuHfs; j[;yh kw;Wk; Guhj; ejpf; fiuapd;

,UkUq;fpYk; kpfTk; Ntfkhfg; gazpj;J fsk; fz;lhHfs;. ,jd; fhuzkhf ek;uf;> ]fhjpa;ah> [];H kw;Wk;

Gahg; Mfpa gFjpfs; xd;wd; gpd; xd;whf K];ypk;fspd; iftrkhfpd.

ek;hpf; gFjpapy; K];ypk;fsplk; Nkhrkhd Kiwapy; Njhw;Wg; Nghdjd; gpd;G> <uhdpaj; jsgjpahf ,Ue;j U];Jk;

vd;gtH> <uhdpa kd;dhpd; xd;W tpl;l rNfhjuuhd..> eH\p vd;gthplk;..> ePs mfyj;Jld; gue;J tUfpd;w

K];ypk; gilfsplkpUe;J cd;idg; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhd Kd;Ndw;ghl;ilr; nra;J nfhs; vd;W

mwpTWj;jpdhH. cd;Dila gFjpia NrHj;J vLj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F mtHfs; jpl;lk; jPl;bapUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;Wk;

mtH mtUf;F mwpTWj;jpdhH. f\;fH gFjpahdJ kpfTk; tskhd tptrhag; gFjpahfTk;..> cyfpd; kpfr; rpwe;j

caHjukhd NghPj;jk; goj; Njhl;lq;fs; epiwe;jjhfTk; ,Ue;jJ.

,jd; fhuzkhf f\;fH NghPj;jk; gok; cyfpd; kpfg; Gfo; tha;e;jnjhd;whf ,Ue;jJ. K];ypk; gilfspd;

jsgjpg; nghWg;gpy; ,Ue;j mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfs;..> kj;dh ,g;D `hhpjh (uyp) mtHfsplk;..> ekhhpf;

ntw;wpf;Fg; gpd;dH> <uhdpa kd;dhpd; xd;W tpl;l rNfhjuuhy; Msg;gLfpd;w f\;fH gFjpia Nehf;fp giliar;

nrYj;JkhW MNyhrid $Wfpd;whHfs;. ekhhpf; gFjpia mLj;J f\;fH kPJ ehk; gil vLf;ftpy;iy vd;why;>

Njhw;W Xbg; Nghd <uhdpag; gilfs; ,e;jg; gFjpf;Fr; nrd;W..> gpd;G kPz;Lk; mtHfs; xd;W $b ek;ikj;

jhf;f jPHkhdpf;fyhk;..> mjw;fhd re;jHg;gj;ij ehk; mtHfSf;F toq;fplf; $lhJ vd;W mwpTiu $wpdhH.

,jid mLj;J me;j MNyhridf;Fg; gpd;dH..> <uhdpag; gilfis tpul;br; nrd;w K];ypk;fs;..> f\;fH

gFjpapd; ikag; gFjpAk; kpfg; gpujhd efUkhd t];]j; vd;w ,lj;jpy; itj;J kPz;Lk; <uhdpag; gilfis vjpH

nfhz;lhHfs;. <uhdpag; gilfs; epiynfhs;s Kbahj msTf;F kpfj; jPtpukhd> cldbj; jhf;Fjiyj;

njhLj;jhHfs; K];ypk;fs;. ,q;Fk; <uhdpaHfs; ntw;wp nfhs;sg;gl;lhHfs;..> ,d;Dk; NghHf;fsj;ij tpl;Lk;>

NghHf;fUtpfisg; Nghl;L tpl;Nl XbdhHfs;.

,q;Fk; K];ypk; NghHg; nghUl;fsd;wp..> ey;y NghPj;jk; goq;fisAk;> czTfisAk; NrHj;Nj ngw;Wf;

nfhz;lhHfs;. ,d;Dk; eH\p kd;dhpd; nry;tg; ngl;lfj;ijAk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. mtd; jhd; jg;gpj;jhy;

NghJnkd;W nry;tq;fs; midj;ijAk; tpl;L tpl;L Xb tpl;lhd;.

,g;nghOJk; Ie;jpy; xU ghfk; kjPdhtpw;F mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;lJ..> Vidatw;iw K[h`pjPd;fSf;F kj;jpapy;

gphpj;J toq;fg;gl;lJ. ,d;Dk; me;jg; nghUl;fSld; xU fbjj;ijAk; mDg;gp itj;j kj;dh (uyp) mtHfs;>

mjpy;..>

ckH (uyp) mtHfNs...! <uhdpa kd;dd; cz;L fopj;j me;j Ritahd czTfis my;yh`; vq;fSf;F

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th]j; vd;w ,lj;jpy; ele;j NghH tuyhw;wpy; ]fjpa;ah vd;wiof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. K];ypk;fsplk; <uhdpaH ngw;w

Njhy;tp vd;gJ nrhy;Yk; jukd;W. kpfg; nghpa Njhy;tpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l <uhdpaHfs; GwKJF fhl;b

XbdhHfs;. Xba mtHfs; kPz;Lk; kjPdhtpd; kPJ NghH njhLg;gjw;fhd Maj;jq;fisr; nra;ayhdhHfs;.

K];ypk;fis vjpHj;J Jzpr;ryhfg; NghH GhpAk; ty;yik ngw;wtHfs; cq;fspy; ahH ,Uf;fpd;wPHfs;? vd;W

jsgjp U\;Jk; jdJ gilapdiug; ghHj;Jf; Nfl;lhd;.

me;jg; gilapy; ,Ue;j midtUk; xUkpj;j Fuypy; g`;kd; [j;tpa;ah vd;gtid Kd;nkhope;jhHfs;. jbj;j

mlHj;jpahd GUtq;fisf; nfhz;l g`;kd;..> jdJ GUtq;fis caHj;jpf; fhl;b..> mjpy; ngUkpjkile;jhd;.

jdJ cUtj;ij itj;J vjphpfs; mr;rkilthHfs; vd;W jdf;Fs; mtd; fzpj;Jf; nfhz;lhd;..> ngUik

nfhz;lhd;. gilapdhpd; Kd;nkhopjYld;> jsgjp U\;Jk; kjPdhtpw;F vjpuhd gilf;Fj; jsgjpahf g`;kd; I

Page 79: History of islamic army generals in tamil

epakpj;J> mtDf;F rpwg;G giliaAk; mspj;J> mj;Jld; kpfg; ngUk; tpyq;fpdkhd ahidg; gil xd;iwAk;

mtDld; mDg;gp itj;jhd;. <uhdpaf; nfhbia ifapy; Ve;jpatHfshf..> Njrpa czHT nfhg;gspf;f -

K];ypk;fis vjpHj;Jf; fsk; fhz> jhafg; ngUikia epiyehl;Lk; MHtj;Jld; kjPdhit Nehf;fp MHg;ghpj;J

tuyhdhHfs;.

g`;khd; jiyik Vw;W tUk; me;jg; gilia vjpHnfhs;tjw;F K];ypk; gilfSk; jahH nra;ag;gl;ld.

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kj;dh gpd; `hhpjh \Pghdp (uyp) Nghd;wtHfSk; ,lk; ngw;wpUe;jhHfs;. ,g;nghOJ K];ypk;fspd; gilfs;

A+g;ub]; ejpf;fiuia Nehf;fpr; nry;yyhapw;W. ejpapd; kWfiuapy; ,wq;fp epd;W nfhz;bUe;j <uhdpag; gilfspd;

jsgjp mq;fpUe;J nfhz;L K];ypk;fspd; jiyikj; jsgjpahd mG+ cigjh gpd; k];Cj; (uyp) mtHfSf;F xU

nra;jpia mDg;gp itj;jhd;.

mjpy;..>

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mDkjpj;J cq;fisr; re;jpf;f rpj;jkhFq;fs;. ,jpy; vJnthd;iwahtJ NjHT nra;J nfhs;Sk; chpikia

ehd; cq;fSf;F toq;Ffpd;Nwd;"" vd;W mjpy; vOjp ,Ue;jhd;.

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nrYj;jpahf Ntz;Lk; vd;W mtHfsJ MNyhrid ,Ue;jJ. Vw;fdNt <uhdpaHfs; cly; jpwid kpFjpahfg;

ngw;wpUg;gtHfs;> ,e;j epiyapy; Mw;iwf; fle;J ehk; nry;YtJ vd;gJ> mtHfSf;Nf rhjfkhf mikAk;

vd;whHfs;.

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tpjkhf ,Ue;jJ. mtUf;fpUe;J tPuk; kw;Wk; ,iwtd; kPjhd ek;gpf;if> kuzj;jpw;F mQ;rhj Nghf;F

Mfpatw;wpD}lhf..> ehNk Mw;iwf; fle;J nry;Nthk; vd;w Kbtpid vLj;J..> K];ypk;fis Mw;iwf;

flf;Fk;gb gzpj;jhHfs;.

,e;jg; Nghhpd; nghOJ..> mJTk; ckH (uyp) mtHfspd; Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpd; nghOJ eilngw;w ,e;jg; Nghhpy;

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nfhLf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ. vjphpfs; Mw;wpd; fiu Xuj;jpy; epd;W nfhz;bUf;Fk; epiyapy; vLf;fg;gl;l KbtJ.

Mw;wpDs; ,wq;fp gpd; vjphpfisj; jhf;FtJ vd;gJ kpfTk; Mgj;jhd Kbthfp tpl;lJ. <uhdpag; gilj;jsgjp

jdJ fuq;fspy; kzpNahir vOg;Gk; tisaj;ij mzpe;jpUe;jhd;. ,e;j rg;jKk; $l K];ypk;fSf;F vhpr;riy

cz;L gz;zpaJ. <uhdpag; gilfs; me;j rg;jj;ijf; fzpj;J Kd;Ndwpr; nry;y cjtpaJ. ,e;j

kzpNahiriaf; Nfl;l muGf; FjpiufSk;> xl;lfq;fSk; kpus Muk;gpj;jd. ,jd; fhuzkhf K];ypk; gil

ngUj;j Nrjj;jpw;F Kfk; nfhLf;f Ntz;bajhfp tpl;lJ.

,g;nghOJ kpuSk; Fjpiu kw;Wk; xl;lfq;fis tpl;Lk; fPopwq;fp NghH nra;a K];ypk;fs; KbntLj;j nghOJ..>

ahidapd; ghjq;fspy; rpf;fp ,wf;f Ntz;ba epiy Vw;gl;lJ. mG+ cigjh gpd; k];Cj; (uyp) mtHfspd;

jiyikapy; ,aq;fp te;j K];ypk;fSf;F ,Ue;j xNu xU re;jHg;gk; vd;dntdpy;..> ahidfisg;

gpizj;jpUf;Fk; fapWfis ntl;b tpl;L> Nghhpd; Nghf;if khw;WtJ jhd; mJ. mJNt ntw;wp ngWtjw;fhd

xNu tha;g;ghfTk; ,Ue;jJ. ,jid Kidg;Gld; nray;gLj;j mG+ cigjhd gpd; k];Cj; (uyp) mtHfs;

fskpwq;fpa NghJ> ahidapd; Jjpf;ifia ntl;b tPo;j;jpf; nfhz;bUe;j NghJ..> kpuz;L mywpj; Jbj;J

fytuj;ij cz;L gz;zpa ahidapd; ghjq;fSf;fpilNa rpf;fp jsgjp mG+ cigjh gpd; k];Cj; (uyp) mtHfs;

,we;J NghdhHfs;. jsgjp mtHfspd; kuzj;ijf; fz;zhy; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j K];ypk;fs;>

gpd;thq;Ftjw;Fg; gjpyhf Kd;idf; fhl;bYk; Kidg;Gld; fsj;jpy; ,aq;fpdhHfs;. kpfg; ngUk; Kaw;rpf;Fg;

gpwF xU ahidiaf; nfhd;W rhpj;jpuk; gilj;jhHfs;. fPNo tpOe;J fple;j jsgjpapd; iffspy; ,Ue;j

nfhbiag; gha;e;J nrd;W gw;wpf; nfhz;L> Nghhpidj; njhlHe;jhHfs;. me;jf; nfhbapidg; gw;wpf; nfhz;bUe;j

K];ypk; tPuUk; kuzkila ,d;ndhUtH me;jf; nfhbiaj; jhq;fpdhH. ,g;gbahf VO NgHfisf; fle;J nrd;W

nfhz;bUe;jJ me;jf; nfhb. epiyik Kw;wpYk; K];ypk;fSf;Fg; ghjfkhfr; nrd;W nfhz;bUg;gijg; ghHj;j

Page 80: History of islamic army generals in tamil

kj;dh (uyp) mtHfs;> A+g;ub]; ejpf; fiuapy; ,Ue;jnjhU ghyj;jpd; topahf vQ;rpa K];ypk; tPuHfisf;

fhg;ghw;wpf; fiu NrHj;jhHfs;. kpfTk; fhak;gl;L gytPdkhf ,Ue;j epiyapYk; $l..> filrp tPuH fiuNaWk;

tiuf;Fk; kj;dh (uyp) mtHfs; njhlHe;J fsj;jpy; epd;W nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;.

ntw;wpfukhdnjhU jsgjpf;F ,Uf;f Ntz;banjhU gz;G vd;dntd;why;..> Nghhpd; Nghf;fpw;F Vw;g fs

epytuq;fSf;F Vw;g KbntLf;Fk; jpwik ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. fsj;jpy; Kd;Ndwpr; nry;tJ..> Mjhakhf

,Uf;Fnkdpy; Kd;NdWtJk;..> gilfisj; jpUg;gpg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tJ Nrjj;ijj; jtpHf;f KbAk; vDk;

gl;rj;jpy; jpUg;gp mioj;Jf; nfhs;tJk; rpwe;j NghHg; gz;ghLfshFk;.

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itj;J..> ckH (uyp) mtHfSf;F fs epytuq;fis njhptpj;jhHfs;. K];ypk;fs; ghjpf;fg;gl;lJ Fwpj;J ckH

(uyp) mtHfs; ftiyaile;jhHfs;> ,d;Dk; KO kjPdhTNk Nrhfj;jpy; Mo;e;jJ. KMj; gpd; [gy; (uyp)

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Njw;wpdhHfs;.

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ePNuhiliaf; Fwpf;Fk;. K];ypk;fs; ghJfhg;ghf fsj;ij tpl;Lk; ntspNaWtjw;F kpfTk; cjtpfukhf me;j

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epidthf ,t;thW miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

my; [];H NghUf;Fg; gpd;dH> gy K[h`pjPd;fs; kjPdhtpw;Fj; jpUk;gp tpl;lhHfs;. Mdhy; kj;dh (uyp) mtHfs;

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mDg;gpAk; itf;fg;gl;ld. mg;nghOJ kjPdhtpd; Rw;Wg; Gwq;fspy; tho;e;j K];ypk;fs; rphpahtpy; eilngw;W tUk;

Nghhpy; fye;J nfhs;s ckH (uyp) mtHfsplk; mDkjp Nfl;L te;jhHfs;. mt;thW te;jtHfis kj;dh (uyp)

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kPz;Lk; gilfs; te;J nfhz;bUg;gij mwpe;J nfhz;l <uhdpag; gilj; jsgjpfshd U\;Jk; kw;Wk;

/ngNuh]hd; Mfpa ,UtUk; kjPdhtpw;F vjpuhf mtHfSk; <uhdpag; gilfisj; jahH nra;a Muk;gpj;jhHfs;.

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vd;gtiuj; jsgjpahf epakpj;jhHfs;. ,e;j ,UgilfSk; A+g;ub]; ejpf;fiuapd; Xuj;jpy; mike;j Nghag;

Xilapd; mUNf re;jpj;jJ.

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,izf;fg;gl;bUe;jd. K];ypk;fSf;F jiyikg; nghWg;Ngw;wpUe;j kj;dh (uyp) mtHfs; jdJ gilapdiug;

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Page 81: History of islamic army generals in tamil

Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. ,e;jg; Nghhpy; <uhdpaHfs; GwJfpl;L XbdhHfs;> [];H y; ,oe;j Gfio ,g;nghOJ K];ypk;fs;

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Muk;gpj;jJ> mJ rPo;gpbj;J Mokhf mtiug; ghjpf;f Muk;gpj;jJ. ,Wjpahf..> kj;dh (uyp) mtHfs; me;jf;

fhaj;jpd; fhuzkhfNt kuzj;ijr; re;jpf;f Ntz;b ,Ue;jJ. ,iwab NrHe;jhHfs;. ty;y my;yh`;tplkpUe;J

te;Njhk;..> mtdplNk ek;Kila kPSjYk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

ty;y my;yh`;..> kj;dh (uyp) mtHfsJ kz;ziwiaj; jdJ Rtdj; Njhl;lj;jpy; xd;whf Mf;fp

mUs;thdhf..!

rhe;jpaile;j Mj;khNt! eP cd;Dila ,iwtd;ghy; jpUg;jp mile;j epiyapYk;> (mtd;) cd;kPJ

jpUg;jpaile;j epiyapYk; kPSthahf. eP vd; ey;ybahHfspy; NrHe;J nfhs;thahf. NkYk;> eP vd; RtHf;fj;jpy;

gpuNtrpg;ghahf (vd;W ,iwtd; $Wthd;). (89:27-30).