history of genetics
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GENETICS LECTURE
GREGORIO, ANNA KARENINA R.AQUINO, ANNA PATRICIAPD-2G
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HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF
GENETICS
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GREGOR MENDEL (1822-1884)
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Use of 7 characteristics of garden pea
(PisumSativum)
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Mendelian Laws of Inheritance
Law of Independent Assortment - seen in monohybrid cross. There is alleles separate or segregate independent to each other.
Law of Mendelian Inheritance - gene actually separate or segregate in the formation of zygote in the process of fertilization.
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CHARLES DARWIN(1809-1882)
Established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestry
Proposed the scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection.
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He published his theory with compelling evidence for evolution in his 1859 book ”On the Origin of Species”, overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species.
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ARISTOTLE - Father of Biology Homunculus - the one who carries a tiny version
of the adult, each part of which expanded into the corresponding part of the adult
Preformation - pre formed bodies sperm cell
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WALTER SUTTON(1877-1916)
The one who mention behavior of chromosomes.
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Hugo De Vries, Carl Correns, Erich Von Tschermak-Seysenegg
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Three scientists who rediscovered Mendel's laws in 1900. They were all working independently on different plant hybrids, and came to the same conclusions about inheritance as Mendel.
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ERLIND FRANKLIN (1920 - 1958)
1st study the chromosomes. The brilliant chemist whose x-ray
diffraction studies provided crucial clues to the structure of DNA
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WATSON AND CRICK
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X-ray diffraction "photo 51" of DNA made by Rosalind Franklin provided clues for Watson and Crick (Nobel 1962) to discover the structure of DNA.
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Friedrich Miescher (1844-1895)
Discovered a new type of weak acid, abundant in the nuclei of the white blood cell; Miescher's weak acid turned out to be the chemical substance we now call deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA.
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BRANCHES OF GENETICS
CYTOGENESIS - deals with the study of physical basis of heredity.
MOLECULAR GENESIS - CHEMICAL BASIS OF HEREDITY.› Newest scope of genetics:
Genomics - study of genes Proteomics - study of protein
BEHAVIORAL GENETICS - how a certain organism behave.
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POPULATION GENETICS - transmission of trait in a large group of individual through time
CLASSICAL GENETICS - the traits are transmitted
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METHODS OF
GENETICS
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1.) PEDIGREE ANALYSIS - make use of pictorial representation of the member of the family.
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2.) KARYOTYPING - used to detect chromosomal abnormality.
make use (karyogram or karyotype) pictorial representation of chromosomesExample: normal female karyotype
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3.) PLANNED EXPERIMENTAL BREEDING
Hyphothesis
• Null hypothesis - stated in negative manner• Alternative hypothesis - stated in positive manner.
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4.) TWIN STUDY
Fraternal or Dizygotic twins Identical or Monozygotic
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5.) STATISTICAL ANALYSIS - numerous for human mind to interpret.
Chi square Standard Deviation Mean
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APPICATION OF
GENETICS
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Plant and animal improvement
Field of medicine Genetic engineering Legal application/ forensic Genetic counseling
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THANK YOU and
GODBLESS!
☺