History of Football

History of Football● Combination of soccer and rugby● First game November 6, 1869 between Rutgers and Princeton● Round ball that couldn’t be picked up or carried● Kicked or batted with feet, hands, head or side across opponent's goal● Rutgers won 6-4● Rugby rules and scoring was later adopted● Walter Camp “Father of Football”

○ Reduced players from 15 to 11○ Introduced the snap instead of the scrum

History of Football● Game became extremely dangerous with

limited equipment● In 1905 19 people died while playing● President Theodore Roosevelt abolished

the game● The National Collegiate Athletic

Association was formed to alter the rules● Created the forward pass, 10 yard first

down, 4 downs instead of three

Professional Football

● First player was paid to play in 1892● National Football League was

established in 1920● American Football League in 1960’s● Two converged and formed the Super

Bowl ● This year is Super Bowl 50

College Football● 128 teams in College Football Bowl

Subdivision○ Big Ten, SEC, MAC○ Michigan, Alabama, Ohio University, Kent State

● 125 Football Championship Subdivision○ North Dakota State, Dayton, Youngstown State

● 171 Division II programs○ Malone College

● 199 Division III programs○ Mount Union

Ohio High School Football● Ohio High School Athletic Association ● 723 member schools● 7 divisions

○ 2 regions in division 1○ 4 regions 2-7

● 32 teams make playoffs in each division● 224 Total teams make the playoffs● Championship games are played at Ohio

Stadium in Columbus

The Field

● Rectangle measuring 120 yards long and 53.55 feet wide

● End Lines, Goal Lines, and Sidelines● Yards lines identify where you are at on the field● Hash marks identify every yard

○ Ball is snapped inside of hash marks

● Goalposts are on both teams endlines● Football is an oval shaped ball

○ Size varies depending on level

Rules● Scoring

○ Team with most points at end of game wins■ Ties in NFL only

○ Touchdown = 6 points■ Ball advanced past opponents endzone

○ Point after touchdown = 1 or 2 points■ Kick ball between uprights = 1 point■ Two point conversion = 2 points

○ Field Goal = 3 points

■ Can be kicked from anywhere on the field, inside hash marks

Rules● Game lasts 60 minutes

○ 2 30 minute halves○ Four 15 minute quarters

○ Teams switch ends and play continues after first and third quarter

○ Clock stops after incomplete pass, ball

carrier runs out-of-bounds, change of possession, or scoring play

● Game starts with a coin toss○ Winner picks to either kick, receive, defer

to second half, or the end of field

QB- Quarterback

RB Running Back

FB - Fullback

WR - Wide Receiver

TE - Tight End

LT/RT - Tackle

LG/RG - Guard

C - Center

Offense● Team with possession of the ball● Starts a play by snapping the ball● Trying to advance the ball past

opponents goal line○ Running or Passing

● Only one forward pass per play○ Must be thrown from behind the line of

scrimmage

● Unlimited backwards passes

Offense

● Team gets four plays (downs) to advance 10 yards

○ If successful the offense gets another 4 downs

● If team has not gotten 10 yards in their first 3 plays, often will either punt or attempt to kick a field goal

● If offense doesn’t make 10 yards in 4 downs, the defense gets the ball

● If watching on TV the offense must get to the yellow line

DE - Defensive End

DT - Defensive Tackle

MLB - Middle Linebacker

OLB - Outside Linebacker

CB - Cornerback

SS - Strong Safety

FS- Free Safety

Defense● Prevent the offense from scoring

○ Tackling the ball carrier○ Forcing turnover

■ Interception or fumble

● Defensive Line○ Stop running plays and pressure the quarterback

● Linebackers○ Leaders of the defense responsible for run, pass,

and pressuring quarterback

● Secondary○ Prevents the offense from completing a pass

Special Teams● Kicking Plays

○ Field Goals, Punts, and Kickoffs

● Kicker (K)○ Kicks field goals

● Holder (H)○ Holds the ball in place for kicker to kick

● Long Snapper (LS)○ Snaps the ball to the holder

● Punter (P)○ Punts the ball on 4th down

Officials

● 3 -7 officials at a game● Responsible for enforcing rules and monitor the clock● Stripped white and black shirt● The referee wears a white hat and announces

penalties● If a penalty occurs offical throws a yellow flag on the

ground● Chain Crew

○ Responsible for moving the chains to monitor first downs

Safety● Full-contact sport● PLayers are required to wear equipment to

help prevent injury○ Helmet○ Shoulder pads○ Thigh pads○ Knee pads○ Mouthguards

● Concussion○ A bruise like injury to the brain caused by brain

tissue hitting the skull during a collision

Penalty● A rule violation● Most result in moving the ball towards the

offending team's end zone○ The distance is dependant on the penalty

■ Delay of the Game - 5 yards■ Offsides (defense) - 5 yards■ False Start -(Offense) - 5 yards■ Holding (Offense) - 10 yards■ Holding (Defense) - 5 yards and automatic first down■ Pass Interference (Offense) - 10 yards■ Pass Interference (Defense) - 15 yards■ Unsportsmanlike Conduct - 15 yards

Players● Jim Brown

○ Cleveland Browns (1957-1965)○ Running Back○ NFL & Lacrosse Hall of Fame

○ Had most touchdowns and yards of any running back when he retired

● Jerry Rice○ San Francisco 49ers (1985-2000)○ Wide Receiver○ Rated #1 Greatest Player of all-time

○ All time leader in receptions, receiving touchdowns, and receiving yards

Players● Peyton Manning

○ “The Sheriff” ○ Indianapolis Colts (1998-2011)○ Denver Broncos (2012-Present)○ University of Tennessee○ Number 1 overall pick in 1998○ Super Bowl 41 MVP○ 5 times NFL Most Valuable Player○ Threw 55 touchdowns in 2013

○ Most passing touchdowns thrown by a quarterback

Players● Cam Newton

○ “Superman”○ Carolina Panther (1998-2011)○ University of Florida○ Auburn University○ National Champion and Heisman winner 2010○ Number 1 overall pick in 2011○ 2011 NFL Rookie of the Year○ NFL touchdown leader 2015○ Most rushing touchdowns by a quarterback○ Likely 2015 NFL MVP

Teams● 32 teams

○ National Football League

● 2 Conferences○ American Football Conference○ National Football Conference

● 8 divisions○ AFC East, AFC West, AFC North, AFC South○ NFC East, NFC West, NFC North, NFC South

● AFC North○ Cleveland, Baltimore, Cincinnati, Pittsburgh

Super Bowl● Created after merger of AFL and NFL● Super Bowl I

○ January 15, 1967○ Green Bay Packers 35 - Kansas City Chiefs 10

● Packers won Super Bowl I & II○ Vince Lombardi was Head Coach○ Play for Lombardi Trophy

● Steelers and Cowboys have played in 8 Super Bowls

● Browns, Lions, Texans, and Jaguars

have never played in the Super Bowl

Super Bowl● Seven teams have repeated as champions● No team has ever won 3 in a row● The Buffalo Bills lost 4 in a row (90-93)● South Florida and New Orleans have hosted

10 Super Bowls each● Tom Brady and Joe Montana have both won

Super Bowl MVP 3 times● The Denver Broncos are 2-5 in Super Bowls● The Carolina Panthers are 0-1 in Super Bowls

Super Bowl 50

● Denver Broncos (AFC) vs Carolina Panthers (NFC)● Levi’s Stadium, Santa Clara, California ● Game Time - 6:30● Television - CBS● Average Ticket Price - $4,861● Halftime Show - Coldplay featuring Beyonce’ and and

Bruno Mars● Cost of 30 second commercial = $5 million