history of floral design. why is it important? to create arrangements with the feel of another time...
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History of History of Floral Floral DesignDesign
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Why is it important?
To create arrangements with the feel of another time and place.
To harmonize your arrangements with the time period of the room or building.
Any other ideas?
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1. Egyptian Period: Design Characteristics
Design Characteristics: Common types of designs were chaplets, wreaths, garlands
Designs were typically orderly with alternating patterns of flowers
Dominant colors were red, yellow, and blue
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Egyptian Period: Flowers (Pick 3 for your notes)
Acacia
Gladiolas
Jasmine
Lily
Lupine
Morning Glory
Poppy
Rose
Lotus**
Containers were often made from pottery, gold, slate, or polished alabaster
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Egyptian Period: Foliage & Fruit (Pick 3 for your notes)
Ivy
Laurel
Oleander
Figs
Grapes
Olives
Palm
Papyrus
Peaches
Plums
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2. Greek Period
Design Characteristics: Not arranged in vases or bouquets
Design types often used were wreaths and garlands
The cornucopia was first introduced during this era
First to have professional florists
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Greek Period: Flowers
Crocus
Daisy
Honeysuckle
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Greek Period: Foliage & Fruit
Herbs
Ivy
Laurel
Berries
Oak
Olive
Acorns
Grapes
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3. Roman Period
Design Characteristics: Often used heavy & elaborate wreathsUsed fragrant flowers with bright colorsFirst use of natural bouquets
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4. Byzantine Period
Design Characteristics:
Used symmetrical tree-like compositions
Changed construction of garlands to be narrow bands of flowers or fruit alternated with foliage
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5. Middle Ages (476 - 1450 A.D.)
Design Characteristics:
Very little is known about floral art in this period
Fragrant flowers were highly favored for strewing on the ground, freshening the air, and making wreaths/garlands
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6. RenaissancePeriod in Europe after Middle Ages
Interesting Facts: Paintings from this period often show vases of flowers because flowers had great symbolism
ex: The rose symbolized sacred or profane loveex: A white lily symbolized chastity and fertility
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Renaissance: Design Styles
Design Characteristics:Single white lily placed in a jug is typicalFlowers arranged in vases so that only blossoms were visibleMassed, symmetrically stiff, compact arrangements commonBright colors and forms of flowers were used as focus
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Renaissance: Flowers
Anemone
Campanula
Carnations
Iris
Poppy
Rose
Lily
Lily of the Valley
Marigold
Narcissus
Pansy
Violets
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Renaissance: Foliage
Boxwood
Cones
Fruit
Ivy
Laurel
Myrtle
Olive
Vegetables
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Renaissance: Containers
Elaborate metal containers with well formed bases, stems, necks, & handles popular
Some containers were made especially for flowers (ex: holes in a removable lid to hold flowers in place)
Urns made of pottery, marble, bronze, or glass
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7. Baroque PeriodEra following the Renaissance in Europe
Interesting Facts:
Art is no longer just for the church or nobility, it is now accessible to the middle class
Paintings show arrangements in everyday settings
Design Characteristics:
Many interiors were overdecorated and gaudy
Designs became more creative and expressive
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Baroque Period: Containers
Massive and sturdy
Metal and stone urns
Chinese and Japanese vases, bowls, and flasks
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Baroque Period: Flowers
Carnations
Cyclamen
Foxglove
Iris
Larkspur
Lilies
Marigolds
Roses
Sunflowers
Snowball
Tulips
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Baroque Period: Foliage & Accessories
Leaves of flowers
Coleus
Olive
Bold leaves
Fruits/vegetables
Birds’ nests
Shells
Insects
Nuts, berries
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Hogarth Curve
Created by William Hogarth (1697-1764)
called 'Line of Beauty'
follows the shape of the letter S.
The arrangement may be a line or massed line.
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8. French Period (17th & 18th century France)
Also known as the “Grand Era”
Associated with the courtly life
Emphasis was on classic design, refinement, and elegance
Designs were often fan shaped and massed
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French Period: Flowers & Foliage
Acacia
Aster
Carnation
Ferns
Hyacinth
Larkspur
Lilacs
Lilies
Marigolds
Pansy
Poppy
Roses
Tulips
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French Period: Containers
Elegant and ornate
Goblets and vases made of glass, ceramic, or porcelain
Classic urns
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9. English-Georgian Period(18th century England)
Named for English Kings George I, II, & IIIFragrance was very important in flower selection because it was thought to rid diseaseEnglish created the nosegay to safeguard from illness
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English-Georgian Period(18th century England) Cont.
Flowers became part of fashion in hair, around necks, and in décolletage
Arrangements were formal & symmetrical
Often used bough pots
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English-Georgian: Flowers
Clover
Geraniums
Hibiscus
Passion Flower
Phlox
Snowdrop
Veronica
Used the same as the Baroque period but also included:
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English-Georgian: Containers
Wedgwood
Posy-holder vases
Urns made of pewter, sliver, or ceramics
Ceramic wall pockets
Enclosed bricks
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11. Victorian Era
Named for Queen Victoria who reigned in England from 1837 to 1901
Victorian interiors were lavishly decorated in heavy colors and patterns
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Victorian Era cont.
Time of great enthusiasm about flowers; floral design was taught and recognized as art
First attempt to establish rules for floral arranging
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Victorian Era: Design Characteristics
Described as grouping large masses of flowers, foliage, and grasses together to create a design with no center of interestUsually round or oval shaped arrangements
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Victorian Era: Tuzzy Muzzy
Victorian bridal bouquet popular arrangement that can be used for any occasion. a small, compact cluster of flowers with bound stems creating a round bouquetcan be designed to be hand-held or slipped into your favorite vase
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Victorian Era: Flowers
Bleeding Heart
Camellias
Carnations
Dahlia
Gardenia
Hydrangea
Lilies
Poppies
Roses
Sweet Pea
Tulips
Violets
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Victorian Era: Foliage & Accessories
Ferns
Grasses
Dried Flowers
Figurines
Stuffed birds, butterflies
Victorian greeting cards
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Victorian Era: Containers
Metal, porcelain, ceramic, glass, and alabaster were popular materials
Wall pockets
Tuzzy-muzzy holders
Vases of various shapes
Urns & jugs
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12. Early American Style
Focused on natural styles and arrangements
Wildflowers, grains, and grasses were often placed in everyday jugs and pitchers to make an arrangement
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13. Colonial Williamsburg Style: 1714 - 1780
Typical arrangements were massed, rounded, and fan shaped bouquets
Casual, open designs were popular
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14. Neoclassic StyleCovered two time periods
Federal Period 1790 - 1825
Greek Period 1825 - 1845
Designs were typically broken from English tradition and were influenced by the French
Roses, geraniums, and trailing ivy were popular plant materials
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15. American Federal Period:1780-1820
Equivalent to the English Georgian period
Arrangement shape was often fan shaped, influenced by French design style.
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16. American Victorian: 1845 - 1900
Also called the Romantic era
Designs copied European Victorian styles
Epergnes were popular containers
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17. Art Nouveau Period: 1890 - 1910
Style was based on curvilinear lines and often patterned after nature in the shape of plants or flowers
Containers were curving and asymmetrical
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Art Deco Period: 1920’s & 30’s
Blending of influences including ancient Egyptian, Jazz age, and industrial age
Characterized by strong geometric lines and patterns
The style reemerged in the 1960’s
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18. Free Form Expression: 1950’s
Arrangements were more expressive with feeling of movement and freedom
Textural differences between design materials were emphasized
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19. Geometric Mass Design: 1960’s & 70’s
Tight, geometric bouquets were common
Arrangements combined mass and line into stiff patterns
Compote containers were commonly used
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Oriental Influence in Floral Design
Oriental influence placed emphasis on the individual form, texture, and color of plant material
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20. Chinese vs. 21. Japanese Style
Chinese style is less stylized
Japanese style is very formal and follows strict rules of construction
Chinese
Japanese
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Japanese Floral Design
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Japanese: Ikebana
Ikebana is the art of arranging flowers aesthetically.
tries to represent the three elements sky (shin), earth (tai), and mankind (soe) in a well balanced relation
Shin
Soe
Tai
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Chinese
Based on art of contemplation and meditation
Arrangements large symmetrical & simple
Used cut flowers sparingly
flowers were symbolicGiven women’s names because of femininity
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Chinese Floral Design
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Review
What are some types of flowers and foliage common to all periods of floral design?
Why is it important to study the history of floral design?
How did European traditions influence American design?