history of computers
TRANSCRIPT
History of Computers
Yong Heui Cho @ Mokwon University
Some of slides are referred to:[1] Luz Pingol, History Of Computer, slideshare.
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Basic Computer Design
1. History of Computers
2. Introduction to Arduino
3. Basic Computer Archi-tecture4. Overview of Logic Cir-cuit
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How did it start?• Meaning of “Computer”
a person who can compute
a machine for computations
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Abacus• About 4,700 years ago (2,700
BC)
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The Oldest Analog Computer
• Antikythera mechanism– To predict the cycles (like the Olympiads)
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Pascal Calculator• Invented by Pascal (at 19) for
1642-1652– Used for 8 digit addition and subtraction
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Leibniz Calculator• Invented by Leibniz (at 25) for
1671-1706• Used for addition, subtraction, multiplication,
and square root calculations
Leibniz wheel
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Jacquard Loom• Invented by Jacquard (at 49) in
1801– Used punched cards to program tex-
tile patterns– Punched cards were first around
1725.
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Difference Engine• Invented by Babbage, Father of
Computer, (at 31) in 1822– Powered by steam– Able to perform calculations and
print results
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Analytic Engine• The first general purpose com-
puter– Also invented by Babbage in 1833– Failed to implement
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The First Program-mer
• Ada Lovelace (1815-1852)–Worked with Babbage for 1842-
1843
the first computer program
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Tabulating Machine• Invented by Hollerith (at 29) in
1889– Able to read, store, and process
data– Founded TMC which became IBM
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Harvard Mark I (I)• Proposed by Aiken to IBM in 1937– Aiken was a PhD student in Harvard
University at that time.– A general purpose electro-mechanical
computer– a.k.a. IBM ASCC (Automatic Sequence
Controlled Calculator)– Built from switches, relays, rotating
shafts, and clutches– Contributed to the Manhattan project
by von Neumann in 1944
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Harvard Mark I (II)
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Colossus Computer• Developed for British codebreakers
in 1943-1945– Turing (at 28) designed the British
Bombe in 1940.
Bombe (electro-mechanical)
Colossus
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ENIAC (I)• The first general purpose elec-
tronic computer– Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Calculator–Developed by Eckert (student) and
Mauchly (professor) for 1943-1946– Supported by von Neumann–Weight = 27 tons–# of vacuum tubes = 17,468–# of soldering = over 5 millions
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ENIAC (II)
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Vacuum Tube• A bulb which can compute and
think– Invented by Fleming (at 55) in 1904
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EDVAC (I)• Invented by von Neumann (at 44)
for 1947-1948– Electronic Discrete Variable Auto-
matic Computer– Adopted the architecture of a
stored-program computer– CPU (Central Processing Unit)
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EDVAC (II)
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von Neumann Architecture
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Harvard Architec-ture
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Mainframe Comput-ers
• Mainframe computers are comput-ers used primarily by large organi-zations for critical applications, bulk data processing.
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Supercomputers• A supercomputer is a computer
with a high-level computational capacity.
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Personal Computers• A PC is a general-purpose com-
puter whose size, capabilities and price make it useful for individuals.
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Smartphones• Mobile phone + mobile OS
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Smart Devices• A smart device is an electronic de-
vice, generally connected to other devices or networks via different wireless protocols.