History & Evolution

Discussion Questions1. Why is there a dispute about when the

phenomenon of globalization began?

2. Why does the author argue that globalization is necessarily a recent phenomenon?

3. What advancements have been made in the contemporary period (since 1980s) that support a compelling case that this era is where globalization really started and is flourishing?

4. What events have occurred in the contemporary period (since 1980s) that support a compelling case that this era is where globalization really started and is happening?

The DisputeA process• Migration• Nayan Chanda- Bound Together• Traders• Preachers• Adventurers• Warriors• Settlers*

• Inventions• Advancements based on inventions• Interaction facilitated by advancements¤

5 Eras Considered

Prehistoric•Migration• Farming•Communities• Divergence•People spreading apart

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http://phys.org/news/2012-10-prehistoric-human-populations-prospered-agricultural.html

5 Eras ConsideredPremodern• Writing• Key basic inventions• Empires• Law• Infrastructure• Trade

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http://www.penn.museum/silkroad/exhibit_silkroad.php

The Silk Road

5 Eras Considered

Early modern• Renaissance• Enlightenment• Exploration

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http://mrblacksarmy.weebly.com/the-renaissance.html

5 Eras Considered

Modern• European dominance• Inventions/ IR• Capitalism• World wars• Communism• Sophisticated advancements

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http://imgarcade.com/1/industrial-revolution-inventions-telephone/

5 Eras Considered

Contemporary•Culmination of factors •People, places, things Convergence•Distances diminished = Connectability

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http://www.unesco.org

Recent Phenomenon• Contemporary • 1980s• Elements facilitate convergence

• Globalization contingent upon• Connectivity of people• Communication• Technology• Transportation• Infrastructure

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Events since 1980s• Fall of SU- Neoliberal economic norm• WTO• Supertankers

• Advent of / spin-offs of the personal computer• The Internet• Cellular phones, communication satellites• Fiber optic cable• Smart phones

• 9/11• Arab Spring¤

Recap

• Dynamic process• Uneven process• Multidimensional • Multifaceted• Intangible & tangible aspects¤

MNCs & Emerging MarketsHow is this trend a reflection of globalization? • Increasing middle class• Rising middle class result of global production demands • Greater demand for consumer products

• Foreign direct investment (FDI)• New restaurants• Joint ventures with local companies• Regional expansion - Tata

• Retooled products to taste, social aspirations• Appealing to aspiring middle class• Education tools• Display wealth through ‘elite’ appeal

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