History and Governments of Africa South of the Sahara

1. The people who migrated from Nigeria around 3000 B.C. are known as the Bantu.

• TRUE

2. A blend of Arab and African ways in the East African coastal region led to the rise of the Swahili culture.

• TRUE

3. The early trading empire of Ghana controlled trade between the Sahara and East Africa’s rain

forests.

• FALSE • The early trading empire of Ghana

controlled trade between the Sahara and West Africa’s rain forests

4. Europeans introduced the slave trade

to the African continent

• FALSE• For centuries, African rulers had

enslaved and traded prisoners.

• Arab traders had brought enslaved Africans to the Islamic world since the 800s

5-European countries carved the region into colonies, ripping apart once-unified regions.

• TRUE

6. European rule resulted in the establishment

of many industries.

• FALSE• European rule resulted in the

establishment of few industries

7. Many African colonies became independent countries in the late 1800s.

• FALSE• Many African colonies became

independent countries in the late 1900s

8. Kwame Nkrumah led one of the first

nationalist movements.

• TRUE

9. Many African countries have suffered from civil wars due to ethnic and religious conflicts.

• TRUE

10. Apartheid was carried out through laws that combined ethnic groups and increased the rights of black South Africans.

• FALSE• Apartheid was carried out through laws

that separated ethnic groups and limited the rights of black South Africans.

a. hunter-gather:

• Early Africans lived as hunter-gathers, or people who moved from place to place to hunt and gather food.

b. plantation:

• Europeans forced Africans to work large farms called plantations.

c. nationalism:

• As the 1900s began, feelings of nationalism arose among European-educated Africans.

• Nationalism is a people’s desire to rule themselves and have their own independent country.

d. discrimination:

• After WWI, more Africans became politically active.

• They staged protests against discrimination, or unfair and unequal treatment as a group.

e. refugee:

• After independence in the 1900s, many of the new countries suffered from civil wars.

• During these civil wars, many people died or became refugees, people who flee to another country to escape mistreatment of disaster.

f. apartheid:

• In South Africa, white South Africans strengthened their rule through a system known as apartheid.

• The policy of apartheid, or apartness, was carried out through laws that separated ethnic groups and limited the rights of black people.

• Black people had to live in separated areas called “homelands,” that had few resources.