history and development
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: History and development](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061200/5477fdd0b4af9fec2b8b463c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
April 17, 2011
![Page 2: History and development](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061200/5477fdd0b4af9fec2b8b463c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
In 1895, German physicist Wilhelm Roentgen (1845-1923) experimented with a cathode ray tube
This tube made it possible to screen through human tissue leaving the bones and metals visible to the “naked-eye” (“X-ray, n.d.).
Copyright 2010 by The Nobel Foundation
2
![Page 3: History and development](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061200/5477fdd0b4af9fec2b8b463c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Cathode ray tube
Copyright 2011 by crtsite.com3
![Page 4: History and development](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061200/5477fdd0b4af9fec2b8b463c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Roentgen used a plate of Barium Platino- Cyanide (fluorescent crystals) on a table six feet away in his workroom, and when he activated the tube, it glowed (The Cathode Ray Tube Site, n.d.).
Even after covering the tube with black cardboard it kept glowing (The Cathode Ray Tube Site, n.d.).
.
4
![Page 5: History and development](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061200/5477fdd0b4af9fec2b8b463c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
As a result, Roentgen used a a photographic plate and took his first x-ray picture.
The picture was his wife's (Anna) hand which clearly revealed her wedding ring and her bones.
5
Copyright 2011 by Afflictor.com
![Page 6: History and development](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061200/5477fdd0b4af9fec2b8b463c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
For this miraculous discovery, Roentgen admitted that he did not know the precise nature of these new rays.
From his experiment, this is how he named this phenomena—the "X-ray”
(since "X" is the mathematical symbol for the unknown (“X-ray,
n.d.)). 6
![Page 7: History and development](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061200/5477fdd0b4af9fec2b8b463c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
In 1901, Roentgen was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics “in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him” (The Nobel Prize in Physics 1901, 2010).
7
![Page 8: History and development](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061200/5477fdd0b4af9fec2b8b463c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The news of discovery spread quickly throughout the world-scientist everywhere duplicated his experiment, and was clinically used to in the U.S. (“X-ray, n.d.).
This was the landmark discovery was recognized as a development of medicine (medical diagnostic tool).
8
![Page 9: History and development](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061200/5477fdd0b4af9fec2b8b463c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
X-ray was not sophisticated and had limitations.› The internal structures were imposed
on each other› Lack of depth
Scientists developed methods with use of computers that made it possible for advance innovation.
9
![Page 10: History and development](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061200/5477fdd0b4af9fec2b8b463c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
In early 1970› Godfrey Hounsfield and Allen Cormack
developed Computer tomography (CT). Between 1974 and 1976
› First clinical CT scanners were installed (original systems were dedicated to head imaging only).
In1976› “Whole body” systems with larger
patient openings became available.
10
![Page 11: History and development](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061200/5477fdd0b4af9fec2b8b463c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
By about 1980› CT became widely available.
In the early 1980’s› A couple of hospitals in Lebanon
(including AUBMC) acquired this technology.
Today › More than 6,000 CT scanners installed
in the U.S. and more than 30,000 installed worldwide (Mostafa, 2007).
11
![Page 12: History and development](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061200/5477fdd0b4af9fec2b8b463c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Copyright 2011 by ABCnews.com
![Page 13: History and development](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061200/5477fdd0b4af9fec2b8b463c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Copyright 2010 by Slate.com
13
![Page 14: History and development](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061200/5477fdd0b4af9fec2b8b463c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
With advancement of technology in the 21st century, the scans have revolutionized medical imaging and higher resolution (producing three-dimensional views of organs and other tissues), speed, and patient comfort (“Problematic medical scans,” 2007).
The scans have become undeniably of great value in helping doctors diagnose just what is causing a patient's illness or pain (“Problematic medical scans,” 2007).
14
![Page 15: History and development](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061200/5477fdd0b4af9fec2b8b463c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Hodgson, W. E. [Artist]. (2011). [Untitled drawing of Professor Roentgen at work]. Retrieved on April 4, 2011, from http://www.crtsite.com/image/roentgen%20at%20work.jpg
Mostafa, G. (2007). Quick history about the CT scanner and its uses. Retrieved from http://www.syndicateofhospitals.org.lb/magazine/issue-1/Page%2040-042.pdf
Problematic medical scans. (2007 November 30). New York Times. pg. A.22 Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com.mutex.gmu.edu/pqdweb?index=4&did=1390829971&SrchMode=2&sid=6&Fmt=3&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1297038331&clientId=31810
15
![Page 16: History and development](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061200/5477fdd0b4af9fec2b8b463c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Roentgen. (2010). Retrieved on April 2, 2011, from http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1901/rontgen-bio.html#
Roentgen Wife Hand. (2011). Retrieved on March 6, 2011, from http://afflictor.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Roentgen_wife_hand.jpg
The cathode ray tube site.(n.d.). Retrieved on April 10, 2011, from http://www.crtsite.com/page5.html
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1901. (2010). Nobelprize.org. Retrieved from http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1901/
1. T
16
![Page 17: History and development](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061200/5477fdd0b4af9fec2b8b463c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
[Untitled photograph of body scanner]. (2010). Retrieved from http://a.abcnews.com/images/Health/nm_ct_scan_100708_mn.jpg
[Untitled photograph of body scanner]. (2010). Retrieved on March 6, 2011, from http://www.slate.com/id/2273844/
X-ray. (n.d.). Retrieved on February 6 ,2011, from
http://www.discoveriesinmedicine.com/To-Z/X-ray.html
17